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Switched Network
below.
Circuit Switching
Telephone networks
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Networks)
Circuit-Switched Network
A
B
Circuit Switching
Node 1
Node 2
Set-up phase
and A
Data
Transfer phase
DATA
Teardown phase
Circuit Switching
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Fixed delays
Guaranteed continuous delivery
Disadvantages
Channel capacity is engaged for the whole duration of
connection
When there is no data, circuits remain idle and hence,
capacity is wasted
Needs signal transducer (modem) as it is primarily
developed for voice traffic ( 64 Kbps)
Difficult to support variable data rates
Message Switching
Data
Message-Switched Network
Internet
R
R
B
Packet Switching
Data
transmission
time of Packet 1
at Host A
Packet 1
propagation
delay from
Host A to
router 1
Packet 2
Packet 1
processing
and
queueing
delay of
Packet 1 at
router 2
Packet 3
Packet 2
Packet 3
Packet 1
Packet 2
Packet 3
Packet Switching
Advantages
Packet switching
Fixed delay
Variable delay
connection capacity
connection capacity
Economical.
Each packet is
independently switched
Timing of
Datagram Packet Switching
A
transmission
time of Packet 1
at A
Node 1
Packet 1
Node 2
propagation
delay between
A and
Node 1
Packet 2
Packet 1
Packet 3
processing
delay of
Packet 1 at
Node 2
Packet 2
Packet 3
Packet 1
Packet 2
Packet 3
Virtual-Circuit
Packet Switching
VC establishment
data transfer
VC disconnect
Timing of
Virtual-Circuit Packet Switching
A
Node 1
Node 2
propagation delay
between A
and Node 1
VC
establishment
Packet 1
Packet 2
Packet 1
Data
transfer
Packet 3
Packet 2
Packet 3
Packet 1
Packet 2
Packet 3
VC
termination
More flexible
Routing can be used to
avoid congested parts of the
network
Virtual circuits
Network can provide
sequencing and error control
Less reliable
Loss of a node looses all
circuits through that node