JOM KIMIA A1

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

D. GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
GROUP 17

http://periodictable.com/
1. The group 17 elements are:
Flourine

2.7

Chlorine

2.8.7

Bromine

2.8.18.7

Iodine

2.8.18.18.7

Astatine

2.8.18.32.18.7

2. Group 17 elements are known as halogens

3. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
4. Halogens have seven valence electrons.

JOM KIMIA A1

Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements

1. All Group 17 elements are non-metals.
Proton
Element Symbol
Number

Physical
state at
room
temperature

Colour

Flourine

Gas

Pale yellow

Chlorine

Cl

17

Gas

Bromine

Br

35

Liquid

Iodine

53

Solid

Greenishyellow
Reddishbrown
Purplishblack

Melting
point

Increase

Boiling
point

Increase

2. Halogen have low melting and boiling points because

their molecules are attracted to each other by weak
forces. Less energy is needed to overcome the forces .
3. When going down the group, the melting and boiling
points increases. This is because the molecular size
increases.
Diagram:
Cl2
Cl2

van der
Waals
forces
Cl2

Cl2

JOM KIMIA A1

What is physical
state of astatine?

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements

1. Group 17 elements react with water, metal and alkali.
a) Halogen react with water
to form 2 acids

Practical book Carry out an

experiment 4.2 page 39

In general:

HW: Draw diagram and answer

the question

X2 + H2O

HX + HOX

; X is halogen

HX and HOX solutions are acidic. HOX solution exhibits

bleaching properties.
Example:
Cl2
Chlorine

H2O
Water

HCl
+
Hydrochloric
acid

HOCl
Hypochlorus
acid

Br2
Bromine

H2O
Water

HBr
+
Hydrobromic
acid

HOBr
Hypobromus
acid

I2
Iodine

H2O
Water

HI
+
Hydrobromic
acid

HOI
Hypoiodus
acid

JOM KIMIA A1

b) Halogens in gaseous state react with hot iron

To form a brown solid , iron(III) halides.
In general:
2Fe

3X2

2FeX3

; X is halogen

Example :
2Fe +
Iron

3Br2

Bromine

2FeBr3
Iron(III) bromide

2Fe +
Iron

3Cl2

Chlorine

2FeCl3
Iron(III) chloride

2Fe +
Iron

3I2
Iodine

2FeI3
Iron(III) iodide

c) Halogens react with sodium hydroxide solution , NaOH.

To form sodium halide, sodium halate and water
The halogens are decolourised during these
reaction.
In general:
X2
+ NaOH

NaX

+ NaOX

H 2O

[X is halogen]
Example:
2 NaOH

I2

NaI

NaOI +

H2O

JOM KIMIA A1

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine have similar
chemical properties but differ in reactivity.
Fluorine is the most electronegative element
Elelctronegativity of an element refers to the measurement
of the strength of an atom in its molecule to attract electrons
towards its nucleus.
WHY they have similar chemical properties???
Halogens have 7 valence electrons.
When halogens take part in chemical reactions, their
atom always gain one electron to achieve a stable octet
electron arrangement.
The Reactivity of Halogens decrease down the group.
Do You Know WHY???
The explanation
a) The atomic size increases down the group.
b) The distance of the outermost shell becomes
further from the nucleus.
c) The force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons
of the outermost shell decrease.
d) The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to

JOM KIMIA A1

achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease

Safety Precautions in handling Group 17 elements

1. The vapour of Flourine, Chlorine and Bromine are

poisonous.
2. The following precaution should be taken when
handling halogen:
a) Halogen gas and liquid should be handled inside a
fume chamber
b) Wear safety goggles when handling halogen
fumes.
c) Wear safety gloves when handling halogen
materials.
Do It Yourself
Element
Proton number

X
9

Y
17

Z
35

1. Elements X, Y and Z are same group in the periodic

table.
a. What is the valence electron of the elements X,Y and
Z?
seven(7)
b. Which group in the periodic table can you find the
elements X,Y and Z?

JOM KIMIA A1

group 17
c. Element Y can react with water. What are the
properties of the solution produced?
Acidic and bleaching properties
d. Write an equation for the reaction between element Z
and hot iron.
2Fe + 3Z2 2FeZ3
3. List all halogen elements from the top to the bottom of
group 17.
Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine
4. Which are the most reactive and least reactive
halogen?
Most reactive: Flourine

least reactive : Astatine

4. Write the chemical equations for the following reaction:

a) Chlorine with water
Cl2 + H2O HCl

HOCl

b) bromine with iron

2 Fe +

3Br2

2FeBr3

c) iodine with sodium hydroxide

2 NaOH

I2

NaI

NaOI +

H 2O

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5. Explain the changes to the reactivity of halogens when

going down group 17.
The atomic size of halogen increases down the group.
The distance of the outermost shell becomes further
from the nucleus.
Therefore, the force of attraction of the nucleus on the
electrons of the outermost shell
decrease.
The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to
achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease. This
causes the reactivity to decrease down the group.

Kamal. A.
http://kemhawk.webs.com