Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gender
There
was
significant
gender
difference in all
the
three
aspects of oral
health
i.e.
knowledge,
attitude
and
practice. It can
be noticed that
female students
scored
higher
than
male
students in all
the
three
aspects of oral
health.
likely to respond
to
chronic
neglect
with
aggressive
or
delinquent
behavior
than
girls.
.historically
boys have been
more prone to
engage
in
aggressive
behavior
than
girls,
but
over
the
past
20
years
that
margin
of
difference
has
been
decreasing..
growing
population
in
Educational
attainment
Father
Parental
educational
level
was found to be a
significant
factor.
Both father and
mother education
showed
similar
pattern of score in
knowledge, attitude
and practice of oral
health.
The
students of highly
educated
parents
showed
higher
level of knowledge,
attitude
and
practice
of
oral
health as compared
to illiterate or less
educated parents.
CHAND, SOHAIL, and
MUHAMMAD ARFAN
HADYAIT. 'ORAL HEALTHRELATED KNOWLEDGE,
ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE
AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN
FROM RURAL AND URBAN
AREAS OF DISTRICT
SHEIKHUPURA,
PAKISTAN'. Pakistan Oral &
Dental Journal 34.1 (2014):
109-112.
Educational attainment
Mother
General
112.
adult
criminal
justice
systems,
according
to
LoganGreene..
*Ref Failure to
meet
childrens
basic
needs
linked
to
aggression
later
and
deliquency
[internet]
2015
April 22.
Forty-two
percent
reported that
they get the
health hygiene
activities once
per week, 28
percent
reported once
or twice per
week, and 17
percent
reported
everyday.
Female students
are
twice
as
likely as male
students
to
report
health
facility
or
friends
as
source
of
information
about
general
cleanliness and
personal
hygiene.
CHAND, SOHAIL, and
in Table 1, 98.1%
students
were
living in Kepez (City
center) and 1.9% in
villages. Although
67.7%
of
participants
mothers
had
primary
school
education
and
32.3% had high
school
education,
53.8%
of
their
fathers
had
In
addition,
40%
of
students
fathers
were
workers and 21.3% were
self-employed
whereas
68.6% of their mothers
were
housewives
and
19.2%
were
workers.
Moreover,
82.6%
of
participants had a nuclear
family, which comprised
mother, father, and a
sibling.
Cevizci, Sibel et al. 'Developing
Results
of
this
study
suggest that oral health
KAP
among
study
participants were poor and
needs to be improved.
CHAND, SOHAIL, and MUHAMMAD
ARFAN HADYAIT. 'ORAL HEALTHRELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND
PRACTICE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN
FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF
DISTRICT SHEIKHUPURA,
PAKISTAN'. Pakistan Oral & Dental
Journal 34.1 (2014): 109-112.
Students aged
9 years and
less
and
students from
public schools
are the most
likely to be
given
health
hygiene
activities
everyday (25
percent
and
19
percent
respectively).
'Djibouti School
Hygiene And
Sanitation
Survey'. Unicef
Djibouti 1 (2009):
1-118.
Different age
groups
demonstrated
no significant
differences in
their
responses, so
the frequency
tables present
the subjects as
a whole.
MUHAMMAD ARFAN
HADYAIT. 'ORAL
HEALTH-RELATED
KNOWLEDGE,
ATTITUDE, AND
PRACTICE AMONG
SCHOOL CHILDREN
FROM RURAL AND
URBAN AREAS OF
DISTRICT
SHEIKHUPURA,
PAKISTAN'. Pakistan
Oral & Dental
Journal 34.1 (2014): 109112.
In
study,
another
it
concluded
caries
was
that
primary school or
lower
education
and
46.3%
had
high
school
or
higher
education
[Table 2].
Cevizci, Sibel et al.
'Developing Students
Hand Hygiene
Behaviors In A Primary
School From Turkey: A
School-Based Health
Education
Study'. International
Journal of Medical
Science and Public
Health 4.2 (2015): 155161.
Students
Hand
Hygiene
Behaviors In A Primary School
From Turkey: A School-Based
Health
Education
Study'. International Journal of
Medical Science and Public
Health 4.2 (2015): 155- 161
experience
and occurrence of
In another study, 27.7%
untreated lesions in
of the students had an inadequate
paramount
teeth
personal hygiene. The number of
with
poor
hygiene
status
increased with the decreasing
worsens
as
age
maternal education level and
advanced.
Also
household income level. The
females experienced
Togoo, Rafi et al.
'Oral Hygiene
Knowledge And
Practices Among
School Children In
A Rural Area Of
Southern Saudi
Arabia'. Internatio
nal Journal of
Contemporary
Dentistry 3.1
(2012): 57-62.
more
as
compared to males
males.
Overall, 75 percent of
students reported that they
get this information at
home, 56 percent reported
school, and 36 percent
reported TV/radio. Other
sources of information were
mentioned by less than 10
percent of students
Schools should
provide
for
hygiene
education
to
kindergarten
and
early
grade school
children
to
supplement
the
training
provided
by
parents
and
gardians, too
ensure that all
children learn
at
an
appropriate
age how to
protect
themselves
and
others
from
preventable
Balwant, Rajnish
Hygiene
Kharb.
'Dental
Hygiene
Of
decay
Rai,
Status
Status
Turkey'.
Of 8 To 12 Year
Journal
School Children
Communication
Of
Rohtak:
Brief
Report'.
Journal
of
Dental
5.1
(2006): 29.
of
Among
American
Research
2.7
Three-quarter of them
reported that they have
learned about hygiene and
cleanness from home, 56
percent have learned about
it at school, and 36 percent
have learned about it via
radio or television.
It is clear that students in
public schools are more
likely than those in private
schools to report that they
learn
about
general
cleanness and personal
hygiene at school (58
percent and 42 percent
respectively).
exposure
to
illness
and
other hygienic
hazards.
-Abdulla, S.A.,
Aziz,
K.F.,
Sheren,
N.A.
(2012).
Knowledge
and attitudes
of pupils in
some primary
schools
regarding
personal
hygiene
in
Erbil City. Kufa
Journal
for
Nursing
Sciences, Vol.
2, Issue1.
Ninety-four percent of
students reported that their
schools
provide
health
hygiene
activities.
Differentials are minor by
background characteristics.
Sixty-five
percent
receives health hygiene
activities during classes, 13
percent receive it during
breaks,
and
11
percentreceives it during
school .
'Djibouti School Hygiene And
Sanitation Survey'. Unicef
Djibouti 1 (2009): 1-118.
practices,
a
significant
improvement was not found
in the getting adequate
soap amount into hand
behavior,
which
was
present in the 12-point
hand-washing skill checklist
[Table 3]. Between the first
practice,
which
was
conducted before training,
and the second and third
practices,
which
were
conducted after training, a
statistically
significant
difference was observed in
terms of hand-washing skill
development (p o 0.001).
After the training, handwashing skill scores showed
a significant improvement
than
those
before
thetraining in both female
and male students (p o
0.001) [Table 4]. When
hand-washing skills of male
and female students were
compared, results showed
that mean score of female
students was higher than
that of male students.
Once
students
handwashing
habits
were
examined
according
to
classes, major differences
knowledge
of
hygiene
practices (20%, =3 ). Only
5
studies
gathered
information
about
the
knowledge,
attitudes,andpracticesofsch
oolchildreninrelationtoinfect
ions(diarrhea,intestinalprot
ozoa,schistosomiasis)andth
e use of improved water
sources. Data regarding
drying material availability,
hygiene practices (taking
bath, brushing teeth, and
washing hair and feet),
sewage
spillage,
and
vaccinationweresparselycoll
ectedinthestudiedreviewed.
Joshiand, Ashish, and Chiom
Amadi. 'Impact Of Water,
Sanitation, And Hygiene
Interventions On Improving Health
Outcomes Among School
Children'. Journal of
Environmental and Public
Health 2013 (2013): 3-8.
In a study conducted in
KLE
University,Nehru
Nagar,
and
hand
practice
the
children
grow,
is
determined
by
the
sociodemographic
characteristics
hygiene
practices
are
heavily
influenced
by
pupils
knowledge
and
attitudes towards hygiene
-Hunter,
G.C.,
Lescano,
A.G., Oswald, W.E., et al
(2008). Direct observation
of hygiene in a Peruvian
shantytown: not enough
hand washing and too little
water. Trop Med Int. Health
13:142-8
School
teachers
are
considered
the
major
source of information for
their students and would
appear to be suitable as
health educators. School
teachers are expected to
be role models so that
students can emulated and
adopt their behaviour and
attitudes.
-Cairncross, S., Curits, V.
(2003). Effect of washing
hands
with
soap
on
diarrhea
risk
in
the
community,
a
systemic
review. Lancet Infectious
Disease 3:275-81
In a study, 87% wash their
teeth every morning; 70%
A
study
reveals
that
schools should
provide
for
hygiene
education
to
early
grade
school children
to supplement
the
training
provided
by
parents
and
guardians, to
ensure that all
children learn
at
an
appropriate
age how to
protect
themselves
and
others
from
preventable
exposure
to
illness
and
other hygienic
hazards.
-Kohl,
S.
(1994).
The
In a study on
the impact of
school
based
oral
health
education
program
of
school children
aged 12 and 15
years
old
in
Shimla City, the
result
showed
that the overall
mean
plaque
score
and
gingival
score
decreased
significantly
after oral health
education
IRRESPECTIVE
OF
GENDER.
(Vinay
et
al
2013)
-Ashish,
J.,
Deepak,
S.,
Kapil,
R.S.,
Pravesh,
J.,
Rajeshwar, P.L.,
Vinay
K.B.
As cited in National
Education
Association,
involving
parents
according to some
researchers greatly
affects behavioral
change
among
children.
-National Education
Association
(NEA2008). Educational
policy and practice
department center
for
great
public
schools, 1201
As
cited
in
National
Education
Association,
involving
parents
according
to
some
researchers greatly affects
behavioral change among
children.
-National
Education
Association
(NEA-2008).
Educational
policy
and
practice
department
center for great public
schools, 1201
Nazi
connection
American
racism
and
German
National
Sociolism.
Oxford
University
Press New York
Dental caries
among Filipino
children
ranked second
worst among
21
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
Western
Pacific
countries.
A
recent
National Oral
Health Survey
(Department
of Education,
Health
and
Nutrition
Center, 2008)
showed
that
97 percent of
Grade
1
(2013). Impact
of school-based
oral
health
education
program on oral
health of 12 and
15 years old
school children.
J Educ Health
Promot., 2, 33.
Maternal education
level
was
associated
with
better oral hygiene
(Vanagas
2009,
Abiola 2009)
-Abiola,
A.A.,
Eyitope, O.O. et al
(2009).
Do
maternal
factors
influence the dental
health status of
Nigerian
school
children.
International
Journal of Pediatric
Dentistry 19 (6),
448-454
-Grabauskas,
V.,
Mickeviciene,
A.,
Milasauskiene, Z.,
Vanagas, G. (2009).
Associations
students and
82 percent of
Grade
2
students
surveyed
suffered from
tooth
decay.
The Grade 1 to
6 students had
an average of
9/3
decayed
teeth;
40
percent
/41
percent of the
decayed teeth
had
progressed
into
decay
with
pulpal
involvement.
The
prevalence of
Grade 1 to 6
students with
pulpally
involved teeth
was
85
percent
and
56
percent
respectively.
-Benzian,
H.,
HeinrichWeltzien,
R.,
Monse, B. et al
between
parental
skills
and
their
attitudes
toward
importance
to
develop good oral
hygiene skills in
their
children.
Medicina (Kaunas)
45 (9), 718-723
Pediatric
Dentistry, 19
(6), 431-437
Another study
with 12 to 13
age group on
the
effectiveness
of
dental
health
education,
showed
that
the reduction
of plaque and
gingival score
reductions
were
highly
significant and
were
not
influenced by
socioeconomic
status
-Sequeira, P.S.,
Shenoy,
R.P.
(2013).
Effectiveness
of
school
dental
education
program
in
improving oral
health
knowledge
and
oral
hygiene
practices and
status of 12to 13- yearoldschool
children.
Indian J Dent
Res 21: 253-9
In a study on
the impact of
school based
oral
health
education
program
of
school children
aged 12 and
15 years old in
Shimla
City,
the
result
showed
that
the
overall
mean plaque
score
and
gingival score
decreased
significantly
after
oral
health
education
IRRESPECTIVE
OF
GENDER.
(Vinay et al
2013)
-Ashish,
J.,
Deepak,
S.,
Kapil,
R.S.,
Pravesh,
J.,
Rajeshwar,
P.L., Vinay K.B.
(2013). Impact
of
schoolbased
oral
health
education
program
on
oral health of
12
and
15
years
old
school
children.
J
Educ
Health
Promot., 2, 33