Reglas de ortografa especficas para tiempos verbales

Cuando estamos manejando los tiempos verbales, muchas veces debemos cambiar la ortografa del verbo.
Entonces aqu tienes las reglas de ortografa comnmente usadas para los verbos:
Cmo agregar "ing" a un verbo
Cmo agregar "s" a un verbo
Cmo agregar "ed" a un verbo
Para consejos generales lee: Cmo mejorar tu ortografa, una gua para estudiantes
Lee las reglas y asegrate de practicarlas en la Seccin de ejercicios.
Otra buena manera de mejorar tu ortografa es a travs de la lectura.
De esa manera ves las palabras una y otra vez y te puedes familiarizarte con su ortografa. Entonces visita tambin la
seccin de cuentos cortos en ingls.
Ahora, veamos unas reglas ms generales sobre la ortografa:
Regla de ortografa #1: S o ES?
La regla general para formar plurales regulares en ingls o para cambiar un verbo regular a la forma he/she/it (tambin
llamada la tercera persona singular) es agregar S al final de la palabra.
Por ejemplo:
O
ne dog --> Lots of dogs
(Un perro --> Muchos perros)
I work --> She works
(Yo trabajo --> Ella trabaja)

A car --> Some cars

(Un coche --> Algunos coches)
You like tea --> She likes coffee
(Te gusta el t --> Le gusta el caf)

Pero a veces debemos agregar ES en vez de solo S. Cuando la palabra termina en: CH, SH, X, SS (y ZZ aunque esto no es
comn) debemos agregar ES.
Por ejemplo:
I watch TV every night. --> He watches TV at the weekend.
(Veo televisin todas las noches. --> l ve televisin durante el fin de semana.)
I have one wish. --> The genie gave him three wishes.
(Tengo un deseo. --> El genio le dio tres deseos.)
Can you fix this? --> A mechanic fixes cars.
(Puedes arreglar esto? --> Un mecnico arregla coches.)
Give me a kiss! --> She gave her daughter lots of kisses.
(Dame un beso! --> Dio muchos besos a su hija.)
Regla de ortografa #1B: el problema con Y
Los estudiantes se confunden muchas veces con la letra Y.
A veces se quita del final de la palabra antes de cambiar la palabra a un plural a una forma de tercera persona singular, y a
veces no.
Entonces cul es la regla?
Hay dos tipos de letras en ingls. Vocales (A, E, I, O, U) y consonantes (todas las dems letras).
Si una palabra termina en Y y antes de la Y hay un consonante (por ejemplo, fly, try, spy) entonces se quita la Y y se
agrega IES.
Por ejemplo:
I want to fly a kite. --> A pilot flies a plane.
(Quiero hacer volar una cometa. --> Un piloto vuela un avin.)

He was a spy. --> The spies were caught.

(Era espa. --> Atraparon a todos los espas.)
Try this exercise. --> Sarah tries very hard in her lessons.
(Intenta con este ejercicio. --> Sarah se esfuerza mucho en sus lecciones.)

Si la palabra termina en una vocal y despus Y (por ejemplo, play, tray, toy) entonces simplemente se agrega una S.
Por ejemplo:
I used to play with dolls. --> She plays with other children.
(Sola jugar con muecas. --> Ella juega con otros nios.)
He has a new toy. --> The dog has lots of toys.
(Tiene un nuevo juguete. --> El perro tiene muchos juguetes.)
Regla de ortografa #2: duplicando consonantes
Algunas palabras que terminan en consonantes duplican la ltima letra cuando se agregan sufijos (letras extras) al final de
la palabra.
Por ejemplo:
hot --> hotter
(caliente --> ms caliente)

swim --> swimming

(nadar --> nadando)
Pero esto no sucede siempre.

Entonces cul es la regla?

Si una palabra termina en un consonante con una vocal antes, entonces el ltimo consonante se duplica.
Por ejemplo:
travel --> traveller (ortografa del ingls britnico)
(viajar --> viajero)
big --> biggest
(grande --> el ms grande)
Esto normalmente no sucede con palabras con ms de una slaba que terminan en ER o OR. (Pero claro que hay
excepciones!)
Por ejemplo:
fur / furry / furred
(pelo / peludo / con pelo)
plot / plotted / plotter
(trazar / trazado / impresora)
Pero:
miser / misery / miserly
(avaro (sus.) / miseria / avaro (adj.))

target / targeted
(blanco / dirigido)
bigot / bigoted
(intolerante (sus.) / intolerante (adj.))
travel / traveler (ortografa del ingls
estadounidense)
(viajar --> viajero)

Ten cuidado!
Si una palabra tiene dos vocales antes del ltimo consonante o si hay dos consonantes al final, la ltima letra no se
duplica.
Por ejemplo:
shoot --> shooter
old --> oldest
(tirar --> tirador)
(viejo --> el ms viejo)
Regla de ortografa #3: la E que desaparece
Si un verbo termina en E, se quita la E antes de agregar ING al final de la palabra.
Por ejemplo:

make --> making

(hacer --> haciendo)

come --> coming

(venir --> viniendo)

Specific spelling rules for tenses

When we are dealing tenses, we often change the spelling of the verb.
So here are the rules of spelling for commonly used verbs:
How to add "ing" to a verb
Adding "s" to a verb
Adding "ed" to a verb
For general advice reads: Improving your spelling, a guide for students
Read the rules and be sure to practice them in the exercise section.
Another good way to improve your spelling is through reading.
That way you see the words again and again and you can familiarize yourself with your spelling. Then also visit
the section of short stories in English.
Now, let's see some more general spelling rules:
Spelling Rule # 1: S or ES?
The general rule to form regular plurals in English or a regular verb to change the way he / she / it (also called
the third person singular) is to add S at the end of the word.
For example:
O
ne dog -> Lots of dogs
(A dog -> Many dogs)
I work -> She works
(I work -> She works)
A car -> Some cars
(A car -> Some cars)
You like tea -> She likes coffee
(I like tea -> I like coffee)
But sometimes we must add instead of just ES S. When the word ends in: CH, SH, X, SS (and ZZ although this
is not common) must add ES.
For example:
I watch TV every night. -> He watches TV at the weekend.
(I see TV every night -.> He watches television during the weekend.)
I have one wish. -> The genie gave him three wishes.
(I have a desire -.> The genie gave him three wishes.)
Can you fix this? -> A mechanic fixes cars.
(Can you fix this -> A mechanic fixes cars.)
Give me a kiss! -> She gave her daughter lots of kisses.
(Give me a kiss! -> He kisses her daughter.)
Spelling Rule # 1B: the problem with Y
Students are often confused with the letter Y.
Sometimes it is removed from the end of the word before changing the word to a plural form of a third person
singular, and sometimes not.
So what's the rule?

There are two types of English lyrics. Vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and consonants (all other letters).
If a word ends in Y and before and there is a consonant (eg fly, try, spy) is then removed and added the Y IES.
For example:
I want to fly a kite. -> A pilot flies a plane.
(I want to fly a kite -.> A pilot flying a plane.)
He was a spy. -> The spies Were caught.
(It was spy -.> They caught all spies.)
Try this exercise. -> Sarah tries very hard in her lessons.
(Try this exercise -.> Sarah tries hard in their lessons.)
If the word ends in a vowel, then Y (for example, play, tray, toy) then simply add an S.
For example:
I used to play with dolls. -> She plays with other children.
(I used to play with dolls -.> She plays with other children.)
He has a new toy. -> The dog has lots of toys.
(You have a new toy -.> The dog has many toys.)
Spelling Rule # 2: doubling consonants
Some words ending in consonants double the last letter when suffixes (extra letters) is added to the end of the
word.
For example:
hot -> hotter
(Hot -> warmer)
swim -> swimming
(Swim -> swimming)
But this does not always happen.
So what's the rule?
If a word ends in a consonant with a vowel before, then the last consonant is doubled.
For example:
travel -> traveler (British English spelling)
(Traveling -> traveler)
big -> biggest
(Large -> the largest)
This usually does not happen in words with more than one syllable ending in ER and OR. (Of course there are
exceptions!)
For example:
fur / furry / furred
(Hair / hairy / furry)
plot / plotted / plotter
(Chart / layout / printer)
But:
miser / misery / miserly

(Miser (her.) / Misery / stingy (adj.))

target / targeted
(White / run)
bigot / bigoted
(Intolerant (her.) / Intolerant (adj.))
travel / traveler (US English spelling)
(Traveling -> traveler)
Be careful!
If a word has two vowel before the last consonant or two consonants at the end, the last letter is not duplicated.
For example:
old -> oldest
(Old -> the oldest)
shoot -> shooter
(Pull -> Shooter)
Spelling Rule # 3: E disappears
If a verb ends in E, E is removed before adding ING at the end of the word.
For example:
make -> making
(Do -> doing)
eat -> coming
(Come -> coming)