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CHNG 1 : NGUYN T
Bi 1. Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10-27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999. Hy tnh khi lng ca mt
nguyn t oxi ra kg.
Bi 2. Cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca C gp 11,905 ln khi lng nguyn t ca hiro. Hy tnh
nguyn t khi hiro ra u v gam. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca C bng 12.
Bi 3. Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t hi H2O c 88,809% O v 11,191% H theo khi lng. Bit
nguyn t khi ca O l 15,999. Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca hiro.
Bi 4. Trong 1,5 kg ng c bao nhiu gan electron ? Cho bit 1 mol nguyn t ng c khi lng bng
63,546 gam, mt nguyn t ng c 29 electron.
Bi 5. Nguyn t km c bn knh R = 1,35.10-10m, c khi lng nguyn t l 65u.
4
a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km. Bit Vhnh cu = . r3.
3
b) Thc t hu nh ton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn vi bn knh r = 2.10-15m.
Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t km.
0

Bi 6. Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,43 A v nguyn t khi l 27.

Hy xc nh khi lng ring khi lng ring ca nhm l bao nhiu ?
Bi 7. Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t canxi, bit th tch ca 1 mol canxi bng 25,87cm3 . Bit rng trong
tinh th cc nguyn t canxi bng 74% th tch.
Bi 8. Nu thc nghim nhn rng nguyn t Ca, Cu u c dng hnh cu , sp xp t kht bn cnh nhau th th
tch chim bi cc nguyn t kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton th tch khi tinh th. Khi lng ring iu kin
tiu chun ca chng th rn tng ng l 1,55g/cm3; 8,9g/cm3 v nguyn t khi ca canxi l 40,08u, ca ng
l 63,546u.
Hy tnh bn knh nguyn t Ca v nguyn t Cu.
Bi 9. Gia bn knh ht nhn (R) v s khi (A) ca nguyn t c mi lin h nh sau:R =1,5.10-13. 3 A
Hy tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t.
Bi 10. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t hiro c bn
knh gn ng bng 10-6 nm, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,056 nm.
a) Hy tnh v so snh th tch nguyn t hiro vi th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro.
b) Hy tnh v so snh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v ca nguyn t hiro.
40
Ar .
Bi 11. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : 3581 Br ; 1939 K ; 18
Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng.
Bi 12. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 22.
a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t.
b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca ion to thnh t X.
Bi 13. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong tng s
ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln.
Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t X.
Bi 14. Mt kim loi M c tng s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M2+ l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi M
c k hiu no sau y?
54
54
54
54
25 Mn ,
26 Fe ,
27 Co .
24 Cr ,
Bi 15. Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km hn s
ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit ZNa=11, ZMg=12, ZAl=13,
ZCa=20, ZK=19).

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Bi 16. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi nguyn t
ca nguyn t X.
Bi 17. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t Y l 21.
Hy xc nh thnh phn cu to nguyn t, gi tn v vit k hiu nguyn t X.
Bi 18. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 34.
Hy da vo bng tun hon xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 19. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s proton, ntron, electron bng 54, s ht proton gn bng s ht
ntron .
Tnh Z v A ca nguyn t nguyn t R.
Bi 20. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z. Tng s ht p, n, e trong cc nguyn t ln lt l 16, 58, 78. S ntron trong
ht nhn v s hiu nguyn t ca mi nguyn t khc nhau khng qu 1 n v.
Hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit k hiu cc nguyn t.
Bi 21. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 23. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong
nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht.
Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t M v X. Vit cng thc phn t ca hp cht M2X.
Bi 22. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s ntron
nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong NX2 l 58.
a) Tm AM v AX.
b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2.
Bi 23. Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 32 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nh B s proton bng s
ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B.
Bi 24. C hp cht MX3 . Cho bit :
- Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi
ca X km hn ca M l 8.
- Tng 3 loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16.
Hy xc nh nguyn t M, X ?
79
Br chim 50,69% s nguyn t v 3581 Br chim 49,31% s
Bi 25. Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn : 35
nguyn t.
Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom.
Bi 26. ng c hai ng v bn 2965Cu v 2963Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54.
Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca mi ng v.
79
Br chim 54,5% . Hy
Bi 27. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit ng v 35
xc nh nguyn t khi ca ng v 2.
Bi 28. Bo trong t nhin c hai ng v bn: 105 B v 115 B . Mi khi c 760 nguyn t 105 B th c bao nhiu nguyn
t ng v 115 B . Bit AB = 10,81.

27
. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35 proton. Trong nguyn
23
t ca ng v th nht c 44 ntron. S ntron trong nguyn t ng v th hai nhiu hn trong ng v th nht
l 2 ht. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.
Bi 30. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,23% , X2 chim 4,67% v X3 chim 3,10%. Tng s khi ca 3
ng v l 87. S ntron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l 28,0855.
a) Hy tm X1 , X2 v X3 .
b) Nu trong X1 c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi loi ng v
Bi 31. Cho mt dung dch cha 8,19 gam mui NaX tc dng mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09
gam kt ta . a) Tm nguyn t khi v gi tn X.
Bi 29. Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l nguyn t l

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b) X c hai ng v, gi s s nguyn t ca ng v th nht nhiu gp 3 ln s nguyn t ca ng v th hai.
Ht nhn ca ng v th nht c t hn ht nhn ng v th hai 2 ntron.
Tm s khi ca mi ng v.
Bi 32. Trong t nhin bo(B) c hai ng v: 105 B v 115 B . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca bo 10,81.
a) Tnh phn trm ca mi ng v.
b) Tnh phn trm khi lng 115 B trong axit boric H3BO3 ( Bit H l ng v 11 H ; O l ng v 168 O ).
Bi 33. Trong t nhin ng v

37
17

Cl chim 24,23% s nguyn t. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng

c trong HClO4 v phn trm v khi lng

35
17

Cl c trong KClO3 (vi H l ng v 11 H ; O l ng v

16
8

37
17

Cl

O ; K l

ng v K ) ? Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo bng 35,5.

Bi 34. Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y, Z , bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X hn
ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron.
Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z ?
Bi 35. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : 79Y chim 55% s nguyn t Y v ng
v 81Y . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%.
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y.
Bi 36. Clo trong t nhin gm hai ng v 1735 Cl v 1737 Cl ; Silic gm hai ng v 1438 Si v 1439 Si . Hp cht silic
clorua SiCl4 gm c bao nhiu loi phn t c thnh phn ng v khc nhau.
Bi 37. C hai ng v 11 H (k hiu l H) v 12 H (k hiu l D).
a) Vit cc loi cng thc phn t hiro c th c.
b) Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi phn t.
c) 1 lt hiro giu teri ( 12 H ) iu kin tiu chun nng 0,1 gam. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng
tng ng v ca hiro.
Bi 38. Hiro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 12 H trong 1 ml nc ( cho rng
trong nc ch c ng v 11 H v 12 H ) ?
( Cho khi lng ring ca nc l 1 g/ml)
Bi 39. Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v : 99,6% 40 Ar ; 0,063% 38 Ar ; 0,337% 36 Ar . Tnh th tch
ca 15 g Ar iu kin tiu chun.
Bi 40. Hiro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hiro gm hai loi ng v 11 H v 12 D . Hi trong 100 g
nc ni trn c bao nhiu ng v 12 D ? Bit rng nguyn t khi ca hiro l 1,008 v oxi l 16.
Bi 41. Trong t nhin oxi c ba ng v 168 O ; 178 O ; 188O , cacbon c hai ng v 126 C ; 136C .Hi c th c bao nhiu
loi phn t kh cacbonic hp thnh t cc ng v trn ? Vit cng thc phn t v tnh phn t khi ca chng.
Bi 42. Hiro c ba ng v 11 H , 12 H v 13 H . Clo c hai ng v l 1735 Cl v 1737 Cl . Hy cho bit c bao nhiu phn
t hiro clorua to thnh t cc ng v khc nhau v tnh phn t khi ca mi phn t.
Bi 43. Trong t nhin oxi tn ti 3 ng v bn : 168 O ; 178 O ; 188O v hiro c ba ng v bn l : 11 H , 12 H v 13 H .
Hi c bao nhiu phn t nc c to thnh v phn t khi ca mi loi l bao nhiu?
23
Na . Hy xc nh s ht electron v tng s cc ht c trong ion S2- , Na+.
Bi 44. Cho bit cc nguyn t 1632 S , 11
39
19

Bi 45. Cho cc ion : NO 3 , NH 4 , HSO 4 , bit ZN = 7; ZO = 8 ; ZH = 1 ; ZS = 16. Hy xc nh :

- Tng s ht proton , electron c trong cc ion .
- Tng s ht ntron c trong c trong cc ht nhn nguyn t to nn cc ion .
Bi 46. Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p4 . T l ntron v proton l 1:1. nguyn t B c s
ntron bng 1,25 ln s ntron ca A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B tc dng vi lng d A ta thu c 11 g hp cht B2A.
Xc nh s th t , s khi ca A, B.
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Bi 47. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau:
6 C , 8 O , 12 Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , 29 Cu .
- Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao?
- Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao?
39
35
Bi 48. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau : 20
10 Ne , 19 K , 17 Cl .
Hy vit cu hnh electron v v cu to nguyn t .
Bi 49. S dng bng h thng tun hon, hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t di
dng lng t nu cho bit cc nguyn t c Z bng 7 ; 14 ; 16 .
Bi 50. Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , S , S2- , Rb v Rb+ .
(Bit s hiu : ZFe = 26 ; ZS = 16 ; ZRb = 37 )
Bi 51. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu sau :
Sr (Z = 21) ; Ti (Z=22) ; V (Z=23) ; Cr (Z=24) ; Mn (Z=25) ; Co (Z=27) ; Ni (Z=28) .
Bi 52.a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4 . Hy vit cu hnh electron
ca nguyn t X.
b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t Y.
Bi 53. Nguyn t R bt i 1 electron to ra cation R+ cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 . Vit cu
hnh electron nguyn t v s phn b electron theo obitan ca nguyn t R.
Bi 54. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+ u l 4s24p6.
Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lng tnh
? V sao ?
Bi 55. Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s.
a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ?
b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng
7.
Bi 56. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 8.
Xc nh A, B. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B.
Bi 57. Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phn lp
ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3.
a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B.
b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B l
71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B.
Bi 58. Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34.
a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc).
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t .
c) Tnh tng obitan v s electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t trng thi c bn.
Bi 59. Mt loi kh clo c cha hai ng v v clo tacdng vi H2, ly sn phm ho tan vo nc c dung
dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau :
Phn 1: trung ho ht 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,88M .
Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 31,57 gam kt ta .
Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v .
Cu 60. Nguyn t X , ion Y2+ v ion B- u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6.
a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Y v B .
b) Cu hnh electron trn c th l cu hnh ca nhng nguyn t , ion no ?

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