Application of Differential Calculus

Date

A-Level Pure Mathematics

Chapter 5 Application of Differential Calculus
Exercise 5A (LHospitals Rule)
Name : ________________

x sin x
x3

1.

Evaluate lim

2.

Evaluate the following limits:

x 0

(a)

3.

1 cos x
x 0
x2

lim

sin x 2
x 0
x

(c)

lim

sec x 1
x 0
x2

(c)

lim

(b) lim

sin nx
x 0 sin x

Evaluate the following limits:

(a)

lim x sin x

x 0

(b) lim

sin 2 x
x0
x2

Application of Differential Calculus

4.

Evaluate the following limits:

(a)

5.

x
2

1 sin x
cos x

1
1

x tan x

(b) lim
x 0

lim

(c)

x 0

x tan x
x3

Evaluate the following limits:

(a)

Ans:

lim

lim
x 0

1.

tan x x
x 2 sin x

1
6

(b) lim(e x x ) x

(c)

x 0

2.

1
, 0,
2

3.

1,

1
, 1 4.
2

lim cos
x
x

0, 0,

A-Level Pure Mathematics

2

1
3

5.

1
, e2 , 1
3

Application of Differential Calculus

Chapter 5
Date
1

Application of Differential Calculus

Exercise 5B(LHospitals Rule)
Name : ________________

Evaluate the following limits:

1

(a)

2.

lim[ln( x e)] x
x 0

(b)

lim (sin x) ln x

x 0

Evaluate:
(a)

lim
x 1

1
1

x
5

(b)

lim (sec x tan x)

x

[HKAL 1994]

3.

Evaluate:

Application of Differential Calculus

(a)

e x 1 sin x
lim
x 0
x2

(b)

3e x 2

lim
x 0
5

1
x

[HKAL 1998]

Ans:

1.

1
e

e ,

e 2.

5
, 0
2

3.

3
1
, e5
2

A-Level Pure Mathematics

4

Application of Differential Calculus

Chapter 5
Date

Application of Differential Calculus

Exercise 5C (Monotonic Functions)
Name : ________________

x3
is strictly increasing for 0 x .
2
3

1.

Show that the function f ( x ) tan x x

2.

Show that the function f ( x)

3.

Determine the interval for which the function f ( x)

4.

Determine the interval in [0,2 ] for which the function f ( x) x 2 sin x is decreasing.

Ans:

3.

[1 , 1]

1
2 x 3 is strictly increasing for x 1 .
x

4.

2x
is increasing.
1 x2

2 4
,
].
3
3

A-Level Pure Mathematics

5

Application of Differential Calculus

Chapter 5
Date

Application of Differential Calculus

Exercise 5D(Monotonic Functions)
Name : ________________

x
tan 1 x x for x 0 .
1 x2

1.

Prove

2.

Prove that 0 ln(1 x)

2x
x3
for x 0

2 x 12

Application of Differential Calculus

3.

Let f ( x )

ln x
.
x

(a) Show that f (x ) is strictly increasing on the interval (0, e) .

(b) Hence, show that if 0 a b e ,
ab ba

4.

Let f ( x) ln(1 x) x .
By finding the greatest value of f (x ) , prove that ln(1 x) x .

Application of Differential Calculus

5.

(a) Show that for 0 x 1,

(i) ln(1 x ) x
(ii) ln(1 x) x
(b) Let n be a positive integer greater than 1 . Deduce from (a) that
ln(n 1) ln n

1
ln n ln(n 1)
n

Hence show that

ln(

3n 1
1
1
1
3n
)

ln(
)
n
n n 1
3n
n 1

(c) Use the above results to evaluate the limit

1
1
1

3n
n n 1

lim
n

(Ans: ln 3 )

Application of Differential Calculus

A-Level Pure Mathematics

Chapter 5 Application of Differential Calculus
Exercise 5E (Maxima and Minima)
Name : ________________

Date :
1.

2(1 x 2 )
2x
y
'

Find the maximum or minimum points of y

and
.
(1 x 2 ) 2
1 x2

f ' ( x)
f (x )

Maximum point

Minimum point

2.

Find the maximum or minimum points of y x(3 x 1) .

3.

Find the maximum or minimum points of y 3( x 4) 3 2 .

Application of Differential Calculus

4.

Find the maximum or minimum points of y

5.

Find the maximum or minimum points of

Ans:

y x ( x 4)

1.

Max. pt ( 1,1 ) Min. pt ( 1,1 )

3.
5.

Min. pt ( 4,2 )
Min. pt ( 0, 0 )

4.

(ln x ) 2
.
x

2.

3 33
2)
4 8

Min. pt ( ,

Max. pt ( e 2 ,4e 2 ) Min. pt ( 1,0 )

A-Level Pure Mathematics

10

Application of Differential Calculus

Chapter 5
Date
1.

Application of Differential Calculus

Exercise 5F (points of inflexion)
Name : ________________

Find the points of inflexion of the curve y 3 x 2 x 3 and y ' ' 6 6 x .

y' '

is point of inflexion.
5

2.

Find the points of inflexion of the curve y x x 3 .

3.

Find the points of inflexion of the curve

4.

Find the points of inflexion of the curve

y ln x

1 x2

, ( x 0 ).

11

Application of Differential Calculus

5.

Find the points of inflexion of the curve y e x .

Ans:

Date

1.

(1,2)

2.

(0,0)

3.

no point of inflexion

4.

(1,0)

5.

1 2
,e )
2

A-Level Pure Mathematics

Chapter 5 Application of Differential Calculus
Exercise 5G(asymptotes)
Name : ________________
12

Application of Differential Calculus

1.

Find the asymptotes to the curve y

1
.
x 9

2.

Find the asymptotes to the curve y

2x 2
.
1 x2

3.

Find the asymptotes to the curve y

x3 x2 1
.
x 2 3x 4

4.

2
Find the asymptotes to the curve y 9 x 4 .

Ans:

Date

x2

1.
4.

x 3, x 3, y 0

2.

y2

3.

x 4, x 1, y x 2

x 2, y 3, y 3 .

A-Level Pure Mathematics

Chapter 5 Application of Differential Calculus
Exercise 5H(Curve Sketching)
Name : ________________
13

Application of Differential Calculus

x ( x 1)

Let f ( x)

1.

2
3

x 2 ( x 1)

2
3

if

x0

if

x0

(a)
(b)

For x 0 and 1 , find f ' ( x) and f ' ' ( x)

Show that f ' (0) 0 but both f ' ' (0) and f ' ( 1) do not exist.

(c)

Show that the graph of y f (x ) has extreme points at x 1 and

3
and has inflexional
4

15 3 5
points at x 0 and
.
20

(d)

Sketch the graph of y f (x ) .

Vision Ex 5.10(12)

2.

Let f ( x) 3 x 3 x 2 x 1 .
(a) Show that f ' (1) and f ' ( 1) do not exist.

14

Application of Differential Calculus

(b) Find f ' ( x) for x 1 and 1 .

(c) Find the range of values of x such that
(i) f ' ( x) 0 ,
(ii) f ' ( x) 0
(d) Find the maximum, minimum and inflexional points of the graph of y f (x ) .
(e) Find the asymptote(s) of the graph of y f (x ) .
(f) Sketch the graph of f (x ) .
Vision Ex 5.10(14)

A-Level Pure Mathematics

Chapter 5 Application of Differential Calculus
Exercise 5I(Curve Sketching)
15

Application of Differential Calculus

Date

Name
2
3

Let f ( x) x
x2 1

1.
(a)

(b)
(c)

2.

________________

(xR)

(i) Evaluate f ' ( x) for x 0 . Prove that f ' (0) does not exist.
(ii) Determine those values of x for which f ' ( x) 0 and those values of x for which
f ' ( x) 0 .
(iii) Find the relative extreme points of f (x ) .
(i) Evaluate f ' ' ( x) for x 0 . Hence determine the points of inflexion of f (x ) .
(ii) Find the asymptote of the graph of f (x ) .
Using the above results, sketch the graph of f (x ) .
HKAL 94 Paper II

Let f ( x) x 2

8
x 1

( x 1)

(a) Find f ' ( x) and f ' ' ( x) for x 1 .

16

Application of Differential Calculus

(b) Determine the range of values of x for each of the following cases:
(i) f ' ( x) 0 ,
(ii) f ' ( x) 0 ,
(iii) f ' ' ( x) 0
(iv) f ' ' ( x) 0 .
(c) Find the relative extreme point(s) and point(s) of inflexion of f (x ) .
(d) Find the asymptote(s) of f (x ) .
(e) Sketch the graph of f (x ) .
( x 1)
(f) Let g ( x) f ( x )
(i) Is g (x ) differentiable at x 0 ? Why?
(ii) Sketch the graph of g (x ) .
HKAL 02 Paper II

17