LINER

A liner is a string of casing that does not extend up to the wellhead. It is used to case-off
the open hole below an existing casing string.
Several types of liners may be categorized by their function:
Drilling liners permit deeper drilling operations by isolating lost circulation or
highly pressured intervals and controlling sloughing or plastic formation. In lieu
of full-length casing, the drilling liner improves drilling hydraulics, i.e., the
greater cross section above the liner top enables the use of larger drillpipe
and/or reduces annular pressure drop.
Production liners provide isolation and support functions when casing has been
landed above the producing interval.
A tie-back stub liner extends from the top of a liner to a point uphole, inside
another string of casing or liner. The stub liner is used to cover damaged or
worn casing above an existing liner, and to provide added protection against
corrosion and/or pressure.
Tie-back casing extends a liner to the wellhead. It is used primarily for the same
purposes as the tie-back liner. Running such a string at the end of a drilling
operation ensures that the completion will be run in unworn casing. Figure 1
(Example of deep-well tubulars, liner/tieback application ) shows the tubular
program of a modern deep well using two liners and tie-back casing. My
link The cement is followed by a drillpipe wiper plug that latches into a liner
wiper plug, positioned below the liner hanger. The combination plug then wipes
the liner clean and finally latches into a landing collar to complete slurry
placement.
The following are important details in cementing procedure:
With the liner in position, mud is circulated to ensure that the liner and the float
equipment are free of any foreign material, and to condition the mud. A clean
mud system is important so that materials will not fall out on top of the linerrunning assembly during the cement job.

 The cement can be batch-mixed, circulated through a holding tank or ribbon

blender, and/or double-pumped to obtain the desired cement-slurry properties.
Cement slurry should be pumped in turbulent flow, or as fast as possible, refer
to the heading titled Fluid Flow Properties and Mud Displacement.
Such flow minimizes excess cement-volume requirements. Most operators prefer to limit
excess cement volume, which, of course, is pumped into the drillpipecasing annulus. It
is usually desirable to pump some type of spacer fluid (buffer) ahead of the cement. If
no bottom plug is used, the drillpipe and liner plugs wipe mud film off the ID of the
drillpipe and liner. This mud collects below the plugs and can contaminate cement in the
bottom of the liner. Spacing between landing collar and float shoe should be adequate
to keep contaminated cement out of the liner-openhole annulus. With cement in place,
it is standard procedure to pull the liner-setting assembly out of the liner hanger. With
the tailpipe of the liner-setting assembly above the liner top, excess cement can be
reversed out. However, reverse circulation places an extra pressure on the annulus that
must be controlled to prevent formation breakdown. A liner packer keeps reversecirculation pressures off the formation. One method is to pull the drillpipe all the way
out of the hole and leave cement inside the casing to be drilled out. WOC time depends
on cement composition and hole conditions.