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Nhm H

Cc Phng php th nghim hin trng

Piles Method for site testing .
Tiu chun ny nu cc phng php th nghim ti hin trng cho cc loi
cc, trong c cc v mng v cc ct (sau y gi chung l cc), khng
ph thuc vo vt liu lm cc, phng php h cc (ng, h bng cch
chn ng v khoan nhi v.v...). Vic th nghim thc hin theo chng
trnh tng hp cc cng tc kho st thit k v nhng th nghim kim
tra khi xy dng.
Tiu chun khng nu cc phng php th nghim cc trong cc trng hp:
t ng bng vnh cu, ngm t t di tc dng ca ti trng ng, ca
ng t (trong c ti trng t cc thit b cng ngh v.v...) cc nhm
cc, cng nh cc phng php th di hn v c bit cho mc ch nghin
cu khoa hc.
1.

Nguyn tc chung

1.1.Vic th nghim cc ti hin trng c thc hin vi cc loi ti trng nu

trong bng sau:
Dng ti trng p dng cho th
nghim cc ti hin trng
Ti trng ng (xung kch hoc
chn ng )
Ti
trng p dc trc
tnh
(gia ti tng Nh dc trc
cp)

Ti trng ngang

Cc loi cc th nghim
c h xung t, tt c cc dng
c h xung v hnh thnh trong
t tt c cc dng
c h xung v hnh thnh trong
t tt c cc dng tr loi b tng
v ghp tng on theo chiu di
cng nh loi b tng ct thp ng
sut trc khng c ct ngang.
c h xung v xung thnh trong
t tt c cc dng tr b tng

1.2.Vic th nghim cc ti hin trng bng cc dng ti trng tnh khc

khng nu iu 1.1(ti trng ln dn, thay i du hn tc v sau mi
cp ti trng li d ti hon ton n khng) cn c tin hnh theo
mt chng trnh ring.
1.3.Vic th nghim cc ti hin trng, cn tin hnh theo mt chng
trnh tng hp cc cng vic kho st thit k vi mc ch nhn c
nhng t liu cn thit lm c s la chn phng n mng v xc
nh cc tham s ca chng, trong c :

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TCXD 88 - 1982
Kim tra kh nng h cc n chiu su n nh cng nh nh gi
mt cch tng i tnh ng nht ca t theo lc chng khi h cc:
Xc dnh mi quan h gia s dch chuyn ca cc trong t v ti
trng.
1.4.Vic th nghim cc ti hin trng khi xy dng cn phi thc hin vi
mc tiu kim tra kh nng chu lc theo ti trng tnh ton nu
trong thit k mng cc.
1.5.Vic th nghim cc ti hin trng theo chng trnh tng hp cc cng
vic kho st thit k phi tin hnh theo mt k hoch ph hp vi cc
yu cu nu trong ph lc 1 (bt buc phi theo).
1.6.S lng cc th nghim ti hin trng theo chng trnh tng hp cc
cng vic kho st thit k (iu 1.3) c xc nh v a vo k
hoch.
Vic th nghim cc phi thc hin ti ni t ngi nh hay cng
trnh ang c thit k, vo khong cch khng xa hn 5m v
khng gn hn 1m tnh n h o ly mu t nghin cu trong
phng th nghim, nhng ni thc hin cc nghin cu t ngoi tri
cng nh nhng ch tin hnh xuyn tnh.
1.7.S lng cc th nghim kim tra khi xy dng (iu 1.4) c xc nh
theo nhng nhim v k thut trong gii hn sau y:
-

Khi th nghim ti trng ng (xung kch v chn ng) ti 1% tng

s cc ti cng trnh ang xt nhng khng t hn 5 cc.

Khi th nghim nn tnh - ti 0,5 % tng s cc ti cng trnh ang

xt nhng khng t hn 2 cc.

1.8.Gi tr vch chia ng h p lc khi th nghim cc bng phng php

nn tnh xc nh theo ti trng ti a truyn ln cc, s lng kch v
din tch pit-tng ca kch.
1.9.Trong qu trnh tin hnh th nghim cc ti hin trng cn phi thc
hin vic ghi chp (gii thiu ph lc 2 v 3) cn kt qu th nghim
lp di dng biu (gii thiu ph lc 4-7).
1.10. Kh nng chu ti cua cc theo kt qu th nghim ti hin trng phi
c xc nh theo tiu chun thit k mng cc ( Vit Nam ang dng
TCXD 21 : 1972, nu tham kho ti liu Lin X - SNIP III-17-77).
2. Chun b th nghim
2.1.Nhng cc s tin hnh th nghim ti hin trng, trc khi ng vo t
nn cn c kim tra cc yu cu: hnh hc, cht lng b tng v cc
iu kin k thut khc.
2

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TCXD 88 - 1982
Ch thch : Vi cc lng tr, tit din vung c th tham kho ti liu
ca Lin X GOST 173- 82-72
2.2.Vic h cc loi cc, cc ng, cc nhi (cc khoan nhi), s tin hnh
th nghim ti hin trng cn phi thc hin theo mt chng trnh th
nghim v tun theo nhng quy tc thi cng ghi trong tiu chun hin
hnh ( Vit Nam ang dng TCXD 21 : 1972, nu tham kho ti liu
Lin X SNIP III 9-74).
2.3.Nhng cc s tin hnh th nghim ti trng ng sau khi h xung
t khng c c nhng vt nt ngang v dc c chiu rng ln hn
0,2 mm, u cc khng c st n mc gim nh tit din ngang
cua cc trn l5%.
2.4.Nhng cc s tin hnh th nghim nn tnh c phn u cc b ph
hoi th phn b ph hoi phai c ct i v sa li cho phng,
khng b nghing ln hn 1%, nhng ch st khng su hn 2 cm.
2.5.Trc khi th nghim nh bng ti trng tnh, cc phi c chun b
theo d kin v cch t ti: thng qua ct dc t trc di
khong 15 cm, ma st xung quanh v cc phng php khc.
2.6.Khng yu cu nhng chun b c bit i vi cc trc khi th nghim
ti trng tnh hng ngang.
3.

Phng php th nghim cc cc ng bng ti trng dng (xung

kch hoc chn ng)

3.1.Tin hnh th nghim cc ng bng ti trng ng (xung kch hoc

chn ng) kim tra kh nng h cc ti chiu su d nh,
nh gi kh nng chu ti ca cc theo chi cng nh nh gi
mt cch tng i tnh ng nht ca t theo sc chng khi h cc.
chi ca cc tnh nh sau (bng cm) :
a) xuyn su bnh qun ca cc do 1 nht ba:
b) xuyn su cua cc khi my chn ng h cc lm vic c 1 pht.
3.2.Thit b:
3.2.1. Thit b dng ' th nghim cc ti hin trng bng ti trng ng
cn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca TCXD 21 : 1972 (ti liu ca Lin
X SNIP III-9-74) yu cu i vi thit b ng hoc rung h cc trong
iu kin thi cng.
3.2.2. Vic ng cc giai on th cc (iu 3.3.1) phi tin hnh vi
ng thit b d dng ng cc c du m bng g.
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3.2.3. chnh xc ca s do chi phi khng di lmm. Khi c cc thit b
o c thch hp cn phi phn r chuyn v khng n hi v
chuyn v n hi ca cc.
3.3.Tin hnh th nghim:
3.3.1. Th nghim cc bng ti trng ng cn phi:
-

Khi ng cc - ghi li s lng nht ba cho mi mt cc cm su vo

t v tng s nht ng. i vi mt cui cng phi ghi s nht ba
ch mi l0cm cc.

Khi rung h cc - ghi li thi gian rung h mi mt cc v tng s

thi gian h cc. i vi mt cui cng - ghi thi gian h cho mi 10 cm
cc.

Vic xc nh chi ca cc ng phi tin hnh lc ng

th sau khi cc "ngh" tc l c mt thi gian gin on gia nht
ng cui cng v khi bt u ng th.

3.3.2. Thi gian "ngh" phi xc nh theo chng trnh th nghim hin trng v ph thuc vo thnh phn, tnh cht, trng thi ca t m
cc xuyn qua v t di mi cc. Thi gian ny khng nh hn:
3 ngy m - vi t ct tr ct nh v ct bi no nc
6 ngy m - vi t st hoc t khng ng nht.
Ch thch :
1) Khi cc xuyn qua t ct v di mi cc l loi ct ht th trng
thi cht hoc t st trng thi cng, thi gian ngh cho php
gim xung 1 ngy m.
2)Khi cc xuyn qua loi ct nh v ct bi no nc, thi gian ngh
khng t hn 10 ngy m; xuyn qua t st trang thi mm v
do chy- khng t hn 20 ngy m(tr cu v nhng cng trnh
giao thng thu li)
3.3.3. ng cc th phi tin hnh t 3 n 5 nht ba. cao ri ba phi
ng u cho tt c cc nht, v ly chi trung bnh ln nht
tnh ton.
Ch thch : Khi cn thit phi kim tra chi sau khi th
chi, cho php ng bng 30 nht ba, trong trng hp ny
chi trung bnh ca 10 nht bua cui cng xem l chi ti mi cc
khi thi cng xong..
3.4.X l kt qu th nghim:

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TCXD 88 - 1982
3.4.1. Trong qu trnh th nghim cc bng ti trng ng cn thc hin
vic ghi chp theo ch dn ph lc 2.
3.4.2. Kt qa th nghim ca mi cc v nhng thay i ca chi
theo chiu su v s ph thuc ca tng s nht ba v chiu su
h cc cn phi lp di dng biu (chi dn ph lc 4). T l xch
cc biu ly nh sau: theo trc thng ng l chiu su ng, t
l 1:100, theo trc ngang - chi, t l l:1 v 1 cm ng vi 50 nht
ba khi ng v 1 pht khi rung h cc.
Phng php th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh p dc trc

4.

4.1.Tin hnh th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh p dc trc xc nh

kh nng chu p ca chng v mi quan h chuyn dch ca cc trong
t v ti trng.
4.2.Thit b:
4.2.1. Ty thuc vo phng php gia ti v h thng tip thu phn lc (ph
lc 8), ngi ta phn chia thit b th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh
p dc trc thnh:
-

Thit b c h thng dm hoc gin lin kt vi nhng cc neo lm

ch ta cho kch thy lc.

Thit b m ch ta cho kch thy lc l h thng xp vt nng.

Thit b lin hp c h thng dm hoc dn lin kt vi cc neo cng

vi gi cht ti lm ch ta cho kch thy lc.

Thit b th nghim bao gm h thng ta, kch hoc qu nng

bit trng lng, h thng mc o v thit b o.

4.2.2. Ti trng truyn ln cc phi chnh tm, ng trc.

Ch thch :
-

Khi dng thit b kch thy lc, kt cu ch ta ca kch trn cc cn

phi bo m tht chnh xc s ng trc gia ti trng v cc.

Khi s dng h thng xp vt nng, trng lng mi vt nng cng nh

gi xp ti cn phi khi ghi r bng sn nhng s liu khng
b bong i. loi tr kh nng truyn ti trng ln cc th nghim
nh hng ti cc thit b o v lp mt cc s o, v bo m
an ton khi th nghim, gi cht ti phi c lp t trn nhng gi
c bit.

4.2.3. Khi th nghim cc c dng cc neo th phi cn c vo ti trng ln

nht m chng trnh th nghim nh, sc chu nh ti hn (tnh
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cho t) ca cc neo, bn ca neo khi chu ko xc nh s
lng neo.
4.2.4. Chiu su ca cc mi neo khng c vt qu chiu su ca mi cc
th nghim.
4.2.5. Khong cch tnh theo cc ng trc t cc th nghim n cc neo
cng nh n im gi gn nht ca gi xp ti, hoc n im
t mc c nh khng c nh hn 5 ln cnh ln nht ca tit
din ngang cc th (vi ng knh di 800mm) .
Khi th nghim cc ng, cc nhi c ng knh ln hn 800 mm, cc
cc c m rng mi cng nh cc vt th khong cch gia cc th v
neo (tnh t cnh n cnh) cho php gim ti 2d, trong d-ng
knh ca cc ng, cc nhi, mi m rng (ca cc c m rng mi)
hoc cnh vt (ca cc vt).
4.2.6. vng ln nht ca kt cu chu phn lc ca kch khng c ln
hn 0,004 khu tnh ton ca kt cu .
4.2.7. Vic o chuyn v ca cc phi tin hnh bng nhng thit b
chuyn dng (ng h o chuyn v, o un v.v...) vi chnh
xc khng di 0,1mm. S lng cc thit b o, t i xng 2 bn
cc vi khong cch n cc bng nhau (nh hn 2m), khng t hn 2
ci.
Gi tr chuyn v ca cc c xc nh bng trung bnh cng ca
cc s o trn cc thit b.
4.2.8. Khi s dng thit b o ong phai dng dy thp ng knh
0,3mm, phi ko cng trc khi th nghim trong thi gian 2 ngy vi ti
trng 4 kg. Khi th nghim, gi tr sc cng tc ng ln dy phi vo
khong 1,0-1,5 kg.
Cc thit b o cn bo v tt, chng tc ng trc tip ca tia
nng mt tri, gi mnh, bi ct v nc ma.
4.2.9. H thng mc chun ca cc thit b o cn phi bo v chng cc
va chm ngu nhin trong qu trnh lm vic, cn kt cu ca n phi
loi tr c kh nng bin dng nhit, nh hng bin dng ca t.
Khi tin hnh th nghim trong nc, h thng mc chun cn phi
lm ph hp vi thit k.
4.2.10.
Cc thit b dng o chuyn v ca cc cng nh cc ng
h p lc ( khi ding kch thy lc) cn c hiu chnh chnh xc.
4.3. Tin hnh th nghim:

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4.3.1. Vic th nghim nn tnh i vi cc ng cn tin hnh sau thi
gian ngh quy nh iu 3.3.2.
i vi nhng cc h bng phng php khc, thi im bt u th
nghim c nh theo chng trnh, nhng khng sm hn 1 ngy
m sau khi h cc.
Cc cc nhi (khoan nhi) phi th nghim sau khi b tng t cng thit k.
4.3.2. Vic gia ti phi tin hnh ng u, trnh cc xung lc, phi theo
tng cp, tr s ca cc cp ti trng theo chng trnh thi nghim,
nhng khng ln hn 1/10 ti trng ln nht tc dng ln cc ghi chng trnh th nghim.
Khi mi cc chng vo t hn ln, ct c ln cui si v trng thi
cht, cng nh t st trng thi cng th i vi 3 cp ti trng
u, cho php ly bng1/5 gi tr cao nht ca ti trng ln cc theo
chng trnh th nghim .
4.3.3. Vi mi cp ti trng ghi li s c cc thit b o: ghi s u tin
-ngay sau khi t ti, 4 s ghi tip theo c l5 pht 1 ln, 2 s ghi sau
- 30 pht 1 ln v tip theo l 1 gi 1 ln n khi chuyn v (
ln) tt (gi l n nh quy c ghi iu 4.3.4).
S sai khc nhau cc dng c o khng c vt:
50% - khi ln nh hn lmm:
30% - khi ln t 1 ~ 5mm:
20% - khi ln ln hn 5mm:
4.3.4. Tc ln (chuyn v) ca cc trong t nh sau c coi l n nh
quy c:
-

Khng qu 0,lmm sau 1 gi quan st cui cng nu nh mi cc th

nghim t ln t ct hoc t st t trng thi cng n gn
do.

Khng qu 0,1mm sau 2 gi quan st cui cng, nu nh mi cc th

nghim t ln t st do mm n chy.

4.3.5. Khi th nghim cc cho mng cc cu th ln c xem l n

nh khi:
-

Khng vt qu 0,1mm sau 30 pht cui cng, khi mi cc ta ln t

hn ln, t ct, t st trng thi cng.

Khng vt qu 0,lmm sau 1 gi cui cng, khi mi cc ta ln st trng

thi na cng v gn cng.
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Ch thch : Khi c c s thch ng, cho php tin hnh th nghim
khng theo n nh quy c.
4.3.6. Cn phi tng ti trng th nghim ti khi ln khng nh hn
40mm, tr trng hp mi cc ta vo t hn ln, ct cht cng nh st
trng thi cng, cc trng hp ny ti trng phi c tng nh chng
trnh th nghim nu, nhng khng nh hn 1,5 gi tr sc chu ti
ca cc xc nh theo kt qu xuyn tnh ghi trong SNIP 11-17-77 (
Vit Nam ang dng TCXD 21 : 1972 tiu chun thit k mng cc)
hoc ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln cc.
Khi th nghim kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng, ti trng ln nht
khng c vt qu kh nng chu ti ca cc xc nh theo iu kin
bn ca vt liu.
Ch thch : Khi khng c tr s n nh quy c sau 1 ngy m th
vic ngng th nghim khng ph thuc vo tr s ca ln.
4.3.7. Tin hnh d ti sau khi t ti ti trng ln nht (theo iu 4.3.6). D
ti tng cp, mi cp ln gp i cp gia ti.
4.3.8. Tin hnh quan trc chuyn v (ln) n hi ca cc vi mi cp ti
trng trong vng 15 pht.
Sau khi d ti hon ton ti khng, cn quan trc chuyn v n
hi trong vng 30 pht, trong trng hp t di mi cc l ct, 1 gi,
trong trng hp di mi cc l t st, c 15 pht ghi s c 1 ln.
4.4. X l kt qu th nghim:
4.3.1. Trong qu trnh th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh p dc trc cn
tin hnh ghi chp (ch dn ph lc 3).
4.3.1. Kt qu th nghim cho mi cc phai lp dng biu d quan h ln
(chuyn v) v ti trng S = f (P) v thay i ca ln (chuyn v)
theo thi gian ca tng cp ti trng
S = f (t) ch dn ph lc 5).
T l xch ca cc biu ly nh sau: trc tung c 1 cm bng 1
mm chuyn v: trc honh c 1 cm bng 5 tn ti trng v 1mm ng
vi 10 pht tc ng ti trng. Cho php gim nh t l xch ca cc
biu trong trng hp cn thit.
5.

Phng php th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh nh dc trc

5.1.Tin hnh th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh nh dc trc xc

nh kh nng chng nh ca cc.
5.2.Thit b:

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5.2.1. Thit b th nghim nh cc bng ti trng tnh (ch dn ph lc
9) gm c: h thng trc, x, kch, ng h p lc, h thng mc
chun v thit b o c.
5.2.2. Nhng yu cu i vi thit b o c th nghim cc bng ti trng
tnh nh cc dc trc cng nh nhng yu cu bo v thit b khi
cc tc ng trc tip ca nhng yu t t nhin phi theo ng cc
yu cu ghi cc iu 4.2.7 v 4.2.10.
5.3.Cho php dng li nhng cc th nghim ti trng tnh p dc trc
th nghim bng ti trng tnh nh dc trc, tr cc cc c ghi
iu 1.1, y khng cho php th nghim nh cc, cng nh cc nhi
(khoan nhi) c m rng mi cc hay cc vt.
Phi cho nhng cc tin hnh nhng th nghim nn trc y
ngh mt thi gian nh quy nh iu 3.3.2. ri mi tin hnh th
nghim nh cc.
5.4.Tin hnh th nghim:
5.4.1. Lc ca kch phi truyn chch xc theo trc ca cc.
5.4.2. Ti trng th nghim nh cc tin hnh giai on thm d thit k
cn c tng ln ti khi chuyn v ca cc t c 25mm.
5.4.3. Ti trng th nghim nh cc giai on kim tra khi thi cng khng
c vt ti trng lm vic cho php ghi trong n thit k mng
cc.
5.4.4. Khi th nghim nh cc cn phi tun th cc yu cu nu nhng
iu 4.2.6, 4.3.1, 4.3.3 v 4.3.9.
5.4.5. Tc chuyn v cua cc trong t khng vt qu 0,1mm sau 2 gi
quan st cui cng i vi mng nh v cng trnh, ring i vi mng
cu khng vt qu 0,1mm sau 1 gi quan st cui cng, c xem l
n nh quy c.
5.5.X l kt qu th nghim:
5.5.1. Cn thc hin cc yu cu v trnh t ghi chp th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh nh dc trc v vic tng hp cc kt qu th nghim
(ch dn ph lc s 3 v s 6) theo ch dn ghi cc iu 4.4.1. v
4.4.2.
6. Phng php th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh nm ngang
5.1. Tin hnh th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh nm ngang thit lp
mi quan h gia chuyn v ca cc v ti trng ngang.
6.2. Thit b:
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6.2.1. Thit b dng th nghim cc bng ti trng tnh nm ngang bao
gm h thng ta v x, kch, ng h o p lc cc mc v thit b
o (chi dn ph lc 10).
6.2.2. Cc thit b o un hoc o chuyn v ngang phi t
nhng mt phng song song vi mt phng tc dng ca lc, khng
t hn 2 chic: t mc b mt ca t (khi trong nc th t
mc b mt nc) v mc im t lc ngang.
Cc thit b dng o chuyn v khi th nghim cc bng ti trng
tnh nm ngang cng nh nhng ph kin dng bo v khi nhng
tc ng ca cc yu t t nhin ln chng cn tha mn yu cu ghi
cc iu 4.2.7 v 4.2.10.
6.3. Tin hnh th nghim:
6.3.1. Gia ti cho cc th nghim phi thc hin u n theo tng cp
khng c xung lc. Tr s cc cp ti trng c xc nh theo chng
trnh th nghim nhng khng ln hn 1/10 gi tr ln nht ca ti
trng tc ng ln cc nh chng trnh th nghim ghi. Vic ghi
chp cc s liu o t trn cc thit b tin hnh theo nhng ch
dn im 4.3.3.
Ch cho php tin hnh th nghim khng theo s n nh quy c
ca chuyn v theo thi gian cho mi cp ti trng khi theo thit k,
ti trng ngang ch l tm thi (lp rp). Khi y tc gia ti cn
phi u v khng nh hn 5 pht cho 1 cp ti trng.
6.3.2. Phi tin hnh th nghim cc vi s n nh quy c ca chuyn v
theo thi gian cho mi cp ti trng v ly khng ln hn 0,1mm sau 2
gi, quan st cui cng trn thit b o t mc t ti trng
ngang.
6.3.3. Gi tr ca ti trng khi th nghim cc giai on kho st thit k
phi t ti mt gi tr gii hn sao cho vi gi tr y, chuyn v ngang
mc t ti trng khng nh hn 50mm. Mc t ti trng c chng trnh th nghim quyt nh.
6.3.4. Gi tr ca ti trng khi th nghim cc kim tra giai on thi cng
khng c vt qu ti trng cho php ca cc nu trong n thit k
mng cc.
6.4. X l kt qu th nghim:
Cc yu cu v trnh t ghi chp, chnh l cc kt qu th nghim
(ch dn ph lc 3 v 7) phi thc hin theo cc iu 4.4.3 v 4.4.2
nhng t l trn cc biu ly nh sau: trc honh c 1 cm ng vi
lmm chuyn v, cn trc tung c lcm ng vi 0,5 tn ti trng v
lmm ng vi 10 pht thi gian gi nguyn ti trng.
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Cho php gim t l xch cc biu nhng phi bo m mi
quan h gia cc gi tr c dng trn biu .

Ph lc 1
(Bt buc)
Yu cu i vi chng trnh th nghim cc ti hin trng
1. Chng trnh th nghim cc ti hin trng giai on kho st thit k
(xem iu 1.3) phi
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xt n:
-

Nhng kt qu kho st ia cht, v c bit l kt qu xuyn tnh.

Kh nng thay i iu kin ia cht thy vn trong qu trnh xy
dng v s dng ngi nh hoc cng trnh.
c trng ca ngi nh v cng trnh uec thit k v kt cu chiu
lc ca chng.
Gi tri kin nghi ca ti trng hoc lc tnh ton tc ng ln mng
cc ngi nh v cng trnh c thit k.
Ct san nn khu t xy dng v ct y ca i cc. Nhng yu
cu khi s dng i vi chuyn vi gii hn cho php ca cc kt cu,
c bit l chuyn v y i cc.
Nhng kt qu th nghim cc ngoi tri i vi cc cng trnh gn
c iu kin t ai tng t, cng nh kinh nghim xy dng v
s dng chng.

2. Nhim v k thut (chng trnh) th nghim kim tra cc ngoi hin trng giai on xy dung (xem iu 1 .4) cn phi xt n nhng
iu c chp thun trong thit k:
-

Loi v kt cu ca cc;
Hnh dng v kch thc cc;
Ti trng tnh ton ln cc;
iu kin v t ai dng trong thit k theo kt qu thm d
a cht cng trnh.
Trong chng trnh th nghim cc ti hin trng phi nh trc:

3.
-

Cc ch tin hnh th nghim;

S kt cu th nghim;
Hng v tr s ca cc cp ti trng th nghim;
Ti trng ln nht bc chuyn v nh nht khi th nghim ( ln,
tri, chuyn v ngang).
Vt liu loi, kch thc v kt cu ca cc th nghim, xuyn su
ca cc cng nh chi theo thit k (i vi cc ng, chi
n hi v chi d nu nh c th o c chng) .
Cc phng php h cc hoc chun b cc cc th nghim, khi s
dng cc cc neo - loi neo, vt liu kch thc, kt cu, chiu su h
neo.
Trong chng trnh th nghim cc ngoi tri h nc cng phi xt

4.
ti:
-

Nhit ca nc;
Ch ca sng:
Ta v phng hng ca dng chy.
Nhng iu kin c bit c trng ca h nc hoc cc vng
bin.

12

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
5. Trong chng trlnh th nghim cn phi nu c s kinh t, k thut cn
thit tin hnh th nghim cc ngoi tri cng nh loi th nghim.

Ph lc 2 .
( ngh dng)
Tn c quan ........................................................................................
ia im .............................................................................................
Cng trnh........................................................................................... .
Cng trnh n vi .........................................................................:.....
Bng ghi th nghim cc ngoi tri , bng ti trng ng
c trng ca cc ..............................................................................
S hiu cc No ....................................................................................
Loi cc ..............................................................................................
Vt liu lm cc ............................................:....................................
Ngy, thng ch to cc ....................................................................
Ngy ng cc ...................................................................................
Mt ct (ng knh) ca cc nh v mi cc . . ......................cm
Chiu di ca cc (khng tnh mi nhn) ..................:.................m
Trng lng cc ...........................................................................tn
Chng ch ca ni sn xut cc
c
trng
ca
my
ng
v
ba
ng,
my
........................................................................... .
ba ng (loi)....................................................................................
Chi

su
n
g
(m)

S nht
ba cho
1m hoc
10m ng
su

Chiu cao
nng ln
ca phn
va p
ca ba
( cm)

chi
trung
bnh
( cm)

Tng s
nht ba
ng

ng

Ghi ch

13

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982

Tng trng lng ba ...........................................................................tn

Trng lng phn p ca ba .............................................................tn
Nng lng ca ba ng ......................................................................kgm
S nht ba ng trong 1 pht (theo chng ch) ........................................
Trng lng ca m u cc ....................................................................
m u cc ...........................................................................................
Phng php o chuyn v ca cc ............................................................ .
Tnh trng ca cc sau khi ng:
Ct tuyt i:
a) Phn nh trn mt t ca cc ............................:.............................m
b) Mt t quanh cc ............................................................................. m
c) Mi cc ...............................................................................................m
Chiu su ng cc ...............................................:................................m
Nhit ca nc ................................................................................. o C
Trng thi u cc sau khi ng:

Nhit khng kh (o C )
Ngy
thng

Thi gian
ngh (ngy)

S lung nht
ba

chi (cm)

chi trung
bnh tnh
cho 1 nht
ba

Phng php o chuyn v ca cc (thc o chi thc thng):

Nhit ca khng kh .................................................................
Nhit ca nc (khi th nghim h nc) ............................. o C
Ngi ph trch th nghim (t trng th nghim hin trng)
14

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
..
i din c quan ng cc ...............................................................

Ph lc 3
( ngh dng )
Tn c quan ..............................
Cng trnh ...............................
Cng trnh n v ...................
Bng ghi th nghim cc p dc trc,
nh cc v ti trng nm ngang
S
hiu
...............................................................................................................

cc

Loi
cc....................................................................................................................
Vt
liu
.........................................................................................................cc

lm

Mt
ct
(ng
knh)
cc
.......................................................... ci

cc

nh

mi

Chiu di ca cc (khng tnh mi nhn hoc phn y m rng)

. m
Chiu
di
ca
mi
nhn
..................................................m

hoc

phn

Chiu
su
h
..................................... .............................................................m
S
liu
l
khoan
kho
st
............................................................

gm

rng
cc

c:

N o.

15

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
H o hay h khoan thc hin ngy . . . . . thng . . . . . nm. . . . .
Khong
cch
t
cc
n
......................................................................m
Tm
tt
c
trng
ca
................. ................................................

thm

mi

cc

di

Trng thi u cc sau khi ng......................

Ct tuyt i:
a)
u
cc
sau
khi
ng
............................. ..........................................................m
b)
u
cc
trc
khi
th
nghim
................. ......................................................... .m
c)
Mi
cc............................................. ............................. ................................... m
d)
Mt
t
quanh
cc
......................
..................
..
.
... ...........................................m
Loi thit b dng
..................................

do

Ngy, thng h cc hoc

........................................

chuyn
kt

thc

ca
vic

cc..........
chun

cc....

....
.

Ngy, thng th nghim:

a) Bt u ....................................................... ...........................:.............
b)
Kt
thc
...........-................... ..........................................................................
S thit b th nghim v b tr cc thit b o chuyn v:
Cng trnh .............................. S th nghim..............................

16

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
S hiu cp ti
trng

Gi tr cp ti
trng, (tn)

Tng ti trng
( Tn)

Ch s ng
h
p lc

Ngui phc trch th nghim

( T trng th nghim hin trng) ..
Ngui quan trc
Ph lc 4
( ngh dng )

Ph lc 5
( ngh dng )
Mu biu kt qu th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh p dc trc

17

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982

Ph lc 6
( ngh dng )
Mu biu kt qu th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh nh cc

18

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982

Ph lc 7
( ngh dng )
Mu biu kt qu th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh nm ngang
19

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
Biu quan h bin dng ca cc v ti trng ngang Png

Ph lc 8
( ngh dng )
S b tr thit b th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh p dc trc
20

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982

Ph lc 9
( ngh dng )
S b tr thit b th nghim cc bng
21

TIU CHUN xy dng

TCXD 88 - 1982
ti trng tnh nh dc trc

Ph lc 10
( ngh dng )
S b tr thit b th nghim cc bng
ti trng tnh nm ngang

22