CNC Training

CNC-Turning
MTS TeachWare Students Book
MTS Mathematisch Technische Software-Entwicklung GmbH Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 101 D-10553 Berlin

Phone: +49 / 30 / 349 960 0 Fax: +49 / 30 / 349 960 25 World Wide Web: http://www.mts-cnc.com email: mts@mts-cnc.com
CNC-Turning
MTS TeachWare Students Book
MTS Mathematisch Technische Software-Entwicklung GmbH
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 101 D-10553 Berlin
Phone: +49 / 30 / 349 960 0
Fax: +49 / 30 / 349 960 25
eMail: mts@mts-cnc.com
World Wide Web: http://www.mts-cnc.com
Created by Bernd Koch & Bernd Mrosko, 1998.
All rights reserved, including photomechanical reproduction and storage on electric media
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning .........................................7
1.1 System overview................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 CNC turning machine.............................................................................................................. 8
1.1.2 CNC control........................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.3 Collision monitoring ............................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Operating modes ................................................................................................................................ 12
1.2.1 Setup mode ........................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.2 Programming Mode............................................................................................................... 14
1.2.3 Automatic mode .................................................................................................................... 16
1.3 Screen representation and manipulation............................................................................................ 17
1.3.1 System start .......................................................................................................................... 17
1.3.2 Screen representation ........................................................................................................... 18
1.3.3 Menu structure ...................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.4 Data management................................................................................................................. 20
1.4 Special functions of the software........................................................................................................ 22
1.4.1 3D representation.................................................................................................................. 22
1.4.2 Programming aids ................................................................................................................. 23
1.4.3 Setting-up automatics, set-up sheet...................................................................................... 24
1.4.4 Status management .............................................................................................................. 25
2 Coordinate systems and Zero point shifts .................................................................26

2.1 Machine coordinate system................................................................................................................ 26
2.2 Work part coordinate system ............................................................................................................. 27
2.2.1 Define the work part coordinate system................................................................................ 28
2.2.2 Setting the work part coordinate system with the command G50 ......................................... 29
2.3 Specifying the necessary location of the work part zero point............................................................ 30
3 NC commands for programming OKUMA 5020 L...................................................33

3.1 Absolute value input and incremental value input G90/G91............................................................... 33
3.2 Linear Interpolation and Machine Functions....................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Rapid traverse G00 ............................................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Linear Interpolation in Slow Feed Motion G01 ...................................................................... 37
3.2.3 Dwell time G04 ...................................................................................................................... 42
3.2.4 Switching to dimension unit inch or mm................................................................................ 42
3.2.5 Spindle speed S .................................................................................................................... 43
3.2.6 Select Lower Spindle Speed Range M41.............................................................................. 43
3.2.7 Select Higher Spindle Speed Range M42............................................................................. 43
3.2.8 Constant Speed Cutting G96 ................................................................................................ 44
3.2.9 Cancel Constant Speed Cutting G97 .................................................................................... 44
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Contents
3.2.10 Maximum Spindle Speed Limitation G50 ............................................................................ 44
3.2.11 Feedrate F in mm per minute G94 ...................................................................................... 45
3.2.12 Feedrate F in mm per revolution G95 ................................................................................. 45
3.2.13 Programmed Stop M00 ....................................................................................................... 46
3.2.14 Optional Stop M01............................................................................................................... 46
3.2.15 Program End M02 ............................................................................................................... 46
3.2.16 Program End with Resetting M30....................................................................................... 46
3.2.17 Activate spindle in clockwise rotation M03 ......................................................................... 47
3.2.18 Activate spindle in counter - clockwise rotation M04 .......................................................... 47
3.2.19 Deactivate spindle M05 ....................................................................................................... 47
3.2.20 Mounting a tool T................................................................................................................. 48
3.2.21 Activate Coolant M08 .......................................................................................................... 48
3.2.22 Deactivate Coolant M09 ...................................................................................................... 48
3.2.23 Activate Feedrate Override dial M48 ................................................................................... 49
3.2.24 Cancel Feedrate Override dial M49..................................................................................... 49
3.2.25 Subprogram CALL............................................................................................................... 50
3.2.26 End of Subprogram RTS ..................................................................................................... 50
3.3 Tool Offset Compensation.................................................................................................................. 51
3.4 Tool Nose Compensation ................................................................................................................... 52
3.4.1 Selection of Tool Compensation Values T ............................................................................ 54
3.4.2 Position of the Tool Nose Compensation .............................................................................. 55
3.4.3 Tool Nose Compensation Left G41 ....................................................................................... 56
3.4.4 Tool Nose Compensation Right G42..................................................................................... 57
3.4.5 Cancel Tool Nose Compensation G40.................................................................................. 58
3.4.6 Taper cutting with tool nose compensation ........................................................................... 59
3.4.6.1 Taper Cutting with G01 X...Z... .............................................................................. 59
3.4.6.2 Taper Cutting with an angle A ............................................................................... 63
3.5 Circular interpolation ........................................................................................................................... 67
3.5.1 Circular Interpolation Clockwise G02 .................................................................................... 67
3.5.2 Circular Interpolation CounterClockwise G03........................................................................ 69
3.5.3 Circular Interpolation with Radius Input................................................................................. 74
3.6 Automatic Chamfering ........................................................................................................................ 79
3.6.1 Automatic 45 Chamfering G75............................................................................................. 80
3.6.2 Automatic Rounding G76 ...................................................................................................... 84
3.7 Thread Cutting G33 ............................................................................................................................ 91
3.8 Taper Thread Cutting G33.................................................................................................................. 95
4 Compound Fixed Cycles.............................................................................................. 99

4.1 Longitudinal Thread Cutting Cycle G71 .............................................................................................. 99
4.2 Longitudinal Grooving Fixed Cycle G73 ........................................................................................... 109
4.3 Transverse Grooving Fixed Cycle G74............................................................................................. 113
4.4 Right-Hand Tapping Cycle G77 ........................................................................................................ 117
4.5 Left-Hand Tapping Cycle G78 .......................................................................................................... 121
MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book
Contents
5 Subprogram technology.............................................................................................125
5.1 Purpose, function and use of subprograms of a CNC turning machine ........................................... 125
5.1.1 Subprogram CALL .............................................................................................................. 125
5.1.2 End of Subprogram RTS..................................................................................................... 125
5.2 Nesting several subprograms........................................................................................................... 131
6 Lathe Auto - Programming Function LAP.................................................................136

6.1 Contour Definition............................................................................................................................. 136
6.2 Survey............................................................................................................................................... 137
6.3 Bar Turning Rough Cut Cycle G85................................................................................................... 137
6.4 Contouring Rough Cut Cycle G86 .................................................................................................... 149
6.5 Finish Cut Cycle G87........................................................................................................................ 155
7 Workshop-Oriented Programming ............................................................................156

7.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 156
7.2 Example............................................................................................................................................ 157
7.3 Exercise............................................................................................................................................ 164
8 Examples and Exercises ............................................................................................168

8.1 Pawn:................................................................................................................................................ 168
8.2 Bishop:.............................................................................................................................................. 174
8.3 Knight: .............................................................................................................................................. 180
8.4 Queen:.............................................................................................................................................. 186
8.5 Tower:............................................................................................................................................... 192
8.6 King: ................................................................................................................................................. 198
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Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning
1 Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

1.1 System overview
In the first chapter you find a general overview of the system configuration.
The minimum hardware requirement for a single CNC Simulator workplace is:
a personal computer with a hard disk and diskette drive,

a monitor,
a PC keyboard and additionally
a mouse.
This can be supplemented by a printer for hardcopies and NC- program listings
Figure 1
The hardware for the CNC Simulator workplace.
The CNC Simulator can be used with the input media keyboard and mouse. A PC keyboard is basically all
you need to use the CNC Simulator. A mouse can be used to activate the function keys. You select all
program functions with the function keys and enter machine commands and NC program blocks as
sequences of digits and letters.
The function keys displayed on the screen are usually labeled with a short text indicating the subsequent
editing steps.
Figure 2
CNC Turning, Main menu, Function keys with text notes for the processing options available
as an alternative to text labels on the function keys, CNC symbols and other icons can be displayed.
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Chapter 1
1.1.1 CNC turning machine

The CNC Turning Simulator simulates a 2-axis turning machine. In the CNC simulation all positioning and
feed movements appear to be made by the tool carrier, so the chuck and the work part have a fixed position
and the tool moves in both coordinates.
Figure 3
Schematic of the machine configuration
The work part can be clamped by using:

lathe chuck with step jaws,
collet chuck,
collet,
face driveror
lathe centres.
Figure 4
CNC Turning,workpart and clamping
definition;"Clamping Fixture Selection" menu.
Figure 5
CNC Turning, clamping between centers.
The magazine holds may up to 99 tool positions (pockets) in which the tools are inserted from the tool
manager. In the actual configuration we use 12 tools.

The following tool types are available in the Tool Manager:
Right handed corner cutter
Left handed corner cutter
Copying tool
Circular tip turning tool
Boring tool (postaxial)
Boring tool (preaxial)
External recessing tool
Inside recessing tool (postaxial)
Inside recessing tool (preaxial)
Axial recessing tool
Right handed threading tool
Left handed threading tool
Available tools in the CNC-Simulator
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Chapter 1
Inside threading tool (postaxial)
Inside threading tool (preaxial)
Twist drill
Centring drill
Insert boring tool
Freeform tool
Available tools in the CNC-Simulator
1.1.2 CNC control

The standard configuration for the CNC simulator is the control Okuma LB15.
Figure 6
Menu of MTS programs
It is also possible to generate NC-programs for different CNC-controls by reconfiguring the CNC-simulator.
These can be done in an advanced training phase.
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1.1.3 Collision monitoring

Reality-oriented simulation of machining processes is based on the fact that the CNC Simulators function like
the actual machine tools in the workshop.
During workpart machining, collision monitoring is performed and the results are displayed as error
messages. The entire machine tool space with workpart, fixtures, tool system etc. is taken into account.
During machining the internally followed mathematical model computes the actually resulting workpart
contour using the programmed tool paths during program execution, with a tolerance range of less than 1
m. As the simulation can be performed for different tool qualities and materials etc., the error and collision
monitoring function does not check the programmed feedrate or speed nor does it use coolant.
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Chapter 1
1.2 Operating modes

The CNC Simulator for Turning represents a 2D-turning machine. The following three modes can be used for
processing:
Setup Mode,
Programming Mode and the
NC Programming.
1.2.1 Setup mode

In the set-up mode (or manual mode) all necessary preparatory activities can be carried out, such as
definition of the blank,

selection of a clamping device,
selection of tools,
specifying tool compensation values,
moving to the reference point and
touching the work part to define the zero point.
Once a machine status has been defined in this way, it can be registered in a set-up form which is assigned
to a NC program. Invoking this NC program will then effect the automatic set-up of the appropriate simulated
machine tool.
The procedure of manually setting up the blank and the chuck is carried out with the help of a special
interactive menu. Blank dimensions must be specified and the clamping device be selected.
Figure 7
CNC Turning, Setup Mode menu
The Simulator for Turning provides 12 tools in the turret. Tools from the tool file can be mounted in all tool
positions (from T01 to T12) as default setting, so as to simulate the equipment of an actual machine tool.
This configuration means that the turret is automatically equipped with this tool selection each time the
simulator system is booted.
12
Only tools previously defined can be employed for machining in the CNC Simulators. Therefore, as a rule,
after program start or after any change in the allocation of tools the applicable offset values must be
specified, so that the offset can be computed in the control system. A total of 99 offset value storage files are
available.
Figure 8
Set of Tools in the turret
As with the set-up of the actual machine tool, the approach of the reference point is indispensable in the CNC
Simulators; it serves to establish the zero position for incremental measuring along the axes. Approach of the
reference point is also a precondition for defining the work part zero and for execution of NC programs in the
Automatic Mode.
Setting the work part zero is possible in any position by zeroing the coordinates. Usually this will be effected
by touching the work part.
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Chapter 1
1.2.2 Programming Mode

The Programming Mode provides four ways of generating an NC program:
Editor,
Interactive Programming,
Teach In and
Workshop-Oriented Programming (WOP).
Each of these modes is designed to meet specific requirements, and with their clear layout and error
messages they all offer user guidance during program generation.
An Editor is available for direct input of NC blocks. It has a special programming interface for NC blocks and
checks the syntax (the formal structure of the NC block) as the block is being entered.
Figure 9
CNC Simulator, NC Editor
The NC Editor is equipped with a NC-Program Management to delete and print NC programs.
Directory path
Cur. proces. funct.
Input field
File information
Available program files
Figure 10
CNC Simulator, NC Editor, Program Management
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Interactive Programming is a feature in which the Automatic Mode and Editor complement each other to
provide the simplest and most efficient way to get started with NC programming. The simulation follows step
by step the creation of an NC program , including collision monitoring.
A special form of interactive programming is the Teach-In function. As in Setup Mode, the work part is
machined manually and the corresponding linear travel commands complying with ISO6983 are generated
and automatically inserted in the NC program.
Figure 11
Teach-In, CNC Turning:
To make it easy to program even complex contours, the editor and the interactive programming function have
a dialogue-driven WOP Interface. The inputs are supported by a user guidance system with explanatory
graphics.
Figure 12
WOP Interface, CNC Turning:
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Chapter 1
1.2.3 Automatic mode

The automatic mode is used to run and test programs created by the CNC Simulator, the INCAD CAM
system or some other NC-Programming system, in real-time simulation under consideration of collision
monitoring. Since the machine and control configuration of the simulator allows a reality-identical
performance of the machine tool in terms of geometrical and technological parameters as well as those of the
CNC control, the program evaluation takes place under conditions highly identical with the actual work part
machining operations.
You have the choice between different simulation modes, such as a flying change, as well as the option to
add certain supplementary functions, such as zooming (CNC turning), measuring, 3D-view, traverse path
monitoring, and the calculation of machining cycles and downtimes.
Figure 13
Example of an Automatic Mode menu
Since the simulations can be run with different tool qualities and work part materials, etc., the programmed
feed rates and rpm values are not subject to error and collision monitoring. Therefore an individual check
before transferring an NC program to a CNC control system is necessary.
Figure 14
Traverse Path Monitoring for an NC program range
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1.3 Screen representation and manipulation

Before we explain the functional operations such as setting up the machine tool, creating and testing the NC
program in Automatic Mode, etc., we first want to discuss the screen display and menu operations in general.
1.3.1 System start

When you switch on your PC, the MS-DOS operating system prompt indicates the current drive. To run the
MTS software, first change to the drive and directory where the MTS programs are stored. Then run the CNC
Simulator by entering the command "MTSCNC":
cd \MTSCNC
Change directory
Confirm
mtscnc
Start program
Confirm
Figure 15
Example of the DOS commands for starting the CNC Simulator
Once you have launched the program, the menu (see figure) appears with the choice of the MTS-Software
available in your system.
Figure 16
Menu of MTS programs
The highlighted rectangular boxes beside "CNC-Turning" indicate the currently selected configuration. Select
the desired program by pressing a function key.
F1
The function key F1 launches the CNC Turning Simulators
F8
The function key F8 starts the exit procedure. Confirm again with the function key F8
F8
to terminate the program and return to the main MTS program menu.
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Chapter 1
1.3.2 Screen representation

The screen representation of CNC machining is generally divided into three areas, with work part machining
displayed graphically and dynamically in the work space window and the necessary text information in the
"Information Column" beside it. It contains the information you need in your current work situation.
Figure 17
Screen Layout
Work range
The upper part of the screen shows a graphic representation of the working area of the CNC machine tool,
including clamping devices, work part and tool. The turning simulation displays the work part and the cutter.
This applies to the Main Menu and to Setup and Automatic Mode. In other operating functions this screen
window always contains a graphical representation of the current work situation.
Information Column
The right column contains text on necessary machining information. In the Main Menu none of the modes are
active, therefore, no information is shown. In Setup Mode and Automatic Mode this column contains
information on the current machine and system status like feedrate, spindle speed
current tool coordinates,
spindle speed, feedrate, active tool and compensation register,
cutting speed,
coolant and spindle engine status etc.
Function keys
The numbered boxes at the bottom of the screen indicate the program functions that can be selected with the
function keys during processing.
The two lines above the function keys are reserved for the program dialogue. After starting an NC program
the current NC blocks are shown on the upper line. The bottom line is reserved for error messages.
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1.3.3 Menu structure

All program control options of the CNC Simulator are given as context-sensitive menu items, with important
procedural steps supported by program dialogues. This menu concept of the CNC Simulator is based on the
WOP operating concept ("Workshop-Oriented Programming"), which was developed in Germany for CNCControllers.
The only disadvantage of the WOP operating concept is, however, the fact that with increasing functionality
the number of submenus correspondingly grows. But as the available options are shown in each work
situation, the function keys at the bottom of the screen give you guidance all the time. On the other hand you
can benefit from this operating concept because you are able to make use of the operating functions without
prior knowledge; since the work sequences are structured functionally and most of the menus are selfexplanatory.
If in doubt, return to your starting point by pressing F8 or
NC-Programmanage.
ESC
NC-Editor
WOP-Surface
Editor
Interactive Programming
Teach in
Automatic mode
WOP-Surface
WOP-Surface
Automatic mode
Single block
Traverse Paths
Chuck
Chuck management
Part / Chuck
Workpiece file
Reversible Tip
Turret
CNC-Simulator
Setup Mode
Tool Management
Reference Points
Tool Holder
Tool Adapter
Feedrate / Speed
Spindle / Coolant
Manual Treating
Setup form
Status management
Point dimensioning
Turning
Threads
Entity dimensioning
Measuring
Surface finish
WOP-Contours
Section display
Display
3D-Display
Turning
Zoom
WOP-Contours
Aids
Graphics-Print
Figure 18
Schematic of the processing options of the CNC Turning Simulator (simplified).
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Chapter 1
1.3.4 Data management

The internal data management functions provide a convenient means for documenting and backing up all
work results. These functions include:
NC Program Manager;
Tool Manager;
Clamping Fixture Manager;
Saving created work parts;
Saving current editing progress;
Generating various set-up sheets and
Managing configuration files.
Example: The CNC Simulator has its own tool management function. The program provides almost all ISO
tool types and tools as standard options, and allows all common tools to be defined. Naturally, the tool
management includes options for editing the available tool files, i.e. modification of existing tools and deletion
of those no longer required.
Figure 19
CNC Turning, Define/Delete Tools; Main Menu.
The screen layout of the Define/Delete Tools main menu is divided into two sections: the upper screen area
contains a listing of all available tool types; the field currently in use is highlighted in color. As usual, further
steps for specifying or editing tool data are indicated on the function keys at the bottom of the screen.
Select the desired step only by pressing the function keys rather than with the mouse.
or
Use the cursor keys
or
to select the tool type.
Create Tool/Tool Adapter: To generate a new tool of the current tool type, select
F1
or
F5
F8
or
ESC
20
F1 ; to define a new tool mounting, use F5 .

Return: Use F8 or
ESC
to conclude the current operation

Having started in the main menu by selecting the tool type, and subsequently selecting the Create Tool
function by pressing F1 , the Data Entry menu for defining the tool is loaded.
Figure 20
CNC Turning, Define/Delete Tools; defining a left-hand corner cutter.
The screen layout of the Data Entry menu is divided into three areas: the window on the left contains either a
help graphic or a graphic corresponding to the data of the tool being defined (including the tool adapter). The
input fields for the complete data record are located on the right.
You define a tool by manually entering the geometrical data, as well as the tool name and rotation direction.
The desired tool adapter data can be automatically copied by selecting the Select Tool Mounting function. To
save time, it is reasonable to define a new tool by first copying the data record of a similar tool, and then to
modify the data to meet your requirements.
Use the key
INS
to move from input field to input field.
or
Use the cursor keys
or
Use the key
INS
or
to move the cursor within the input field.
to insert a character, and the key
If you confirm the entry in the input field with the

automatically to the next input field.
to delete one.
key, the cursor moves
[Tool Name]
Enter the tool name or number in this input field.
[Parameter]
The entries required for a tool depend on the tool type. Use the help graphics to obtain
information on the parameters.
F8
Create tool: When the data entry for all tool and tool adapter parameters has been
completed, you save the tool under a certain name by pressing F8 .
ESC
Use
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ESC
to conclude the operation, and to return to the Define/Delete Tools main menu.
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Chapter 1
1.4 Special functions of the software

The CNC Simulator incorporates some special functions which effectively support processing and NC
programming:
3D representation
Programming aids for ISO commands
Setting-up automatics, set-up sheet
Status management
1.4.1 3D representation
A function supporting CNC training is given by the option to display, at any time, 3D Views of the work part,
seen from different viewing angles. The program features 3D displays in Turning Simulators. To display
machining inside the work part, any work part can be cut out.
Figure 21
CNC Turning, 3D View
Figure 22
CNC Turning, 3D Display, full part with intersections
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1.4.2 Programming aids

Whenever you need assistance or have a question during the creation or testing of an NC program, you can
call for help. The available help functions provide basic ISO-based NC programming information.
The programming aids and control information are available in the form of "help screens", and are directly
displayed in the graphic window on the monitor. As a rule, they contain a short informative text, a contextbased graphic display, and an application example referring to the subject.
Based on subject matter, the help screens are divided into groups; for better orientation, each group is
preceded by a table of contents or a schematic function display. In this manner, you have almost the entire
set of programming instructions available, without having to interrupt programming.
Figure 23
CNC Turning, Programming Aid for clockwise circular interpolation
Accessing the Programming Aids is possible from almost all working situations within the CNC Simulator; the
<?> key is used for this purpose during:
Setup Mode,
Automatic Mode,
Interactive Programming, and
Teach-In Programming.
Since the "?" (question mark) character may be used in NC programming comment texts, the F6 function
key is used for calling help functions while working with the Editor or Interactive Programming.
Subsequently you enter the name of the help screen (for example G02) in the dialogue line. The
corresponding program message is displayed, "Help screen: _______
Confirm the name entry by pressing
. If a help screen with that name is
available, it is then loaded. If not, the error message: "Help screen not found" is
displayed.
Strg
and
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You can use the

screen.
Strg
keys on the PC keyboard to recall the previous help
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Chapter 1
1.4.3 Setting-up automatics, set-up sheet

A Set-up Sheet contains all the information needed to set-up the machine by the operator. This sheet is used
by the MTS-Software for an automatic set-up of the simulated machine tool when starting an NC program.
This information includes:
blank/work part geometry

clamping fixture and method
tool in working position and magazine configuration
offset values of the tools used
A Set-up Sheet can be created for every current machine tool situation. It is prefixed to the NC program for
which the set-up sheet was created. During the NC program load in Automatic Mode or for interactive
programming the CNC Simulator is set-up automatically with the Setup Sheet Interpreter according to the
stored information, but the Set-up Sheet Interpreter must be active.
To have a machine tool status loaded automatically during the CNC Simulator start, you can specify the Setup Sheet describing that status in the configuration.
F4
Automatic Setup: this function is activated by pressing the function key F4 from the main
menu. The CNC Simulator is then set-up automatically.
Figure 24
CNC Turning, Set-up Sheet menu
Figure 25
CNC Turning, example of a Set-up Sheet (excerpt)
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1.4.4 Status management

In addition to the Set-up Sheet function, to facilitate the operation of the software, the CNC Simulator also
allows you to save any editing status as a "Status File" and to load it again later on. The editing status
includes:
exact work part geometry

clamping method
turret configuration, compensation values and current working tool
current technology values
The machining of work parts can thus be interrupted and resumed at a later time, or it can be done in
sections without having to repeat previous operation steps.
F6
Status: the Status Manager is activated by pressing the function key F6 from the main menu
of the CNC Simulator.
Figure 26
CNC Turning, Status Manager
Figure 27
CNC Turning, File Selection window with existing status files
Like the Set-up Sheet, the Status Manager saves time. With the difference, however, that a processing status
usually also includes the work part machining steps stored in an NC program. To keep your system wellorganized, we recommend to save the current status always together with the reference to the NC program.
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NC-Programmierung Drehen
2 Coordinate systems and Zero point shifts

For programming it is possible to use two different kinds of coordinate systems such as
machine coordinate system and
work part coordinate system
which are subsequently described.
2.1 Machine coordinate system

The machine coordinate system of the CNC machine tool is defined by the manufacturer and cannot be
changed. The point of origin for this machine coordinate system, also called machine zero point M, cannot be
shifted in its location.
In most Lathes the machine zero point is located in the rotation axis of the spindle and on the stop face of the
lathe chucks.
M
+X
+Z
Machine zero point M

After turning on the control the machine coordinate system can be activated by moving to the reference point.
The machine coordinate system cannot be changed, either by changing the work part coordinate system or
by setting a local coordinate system or by programming other commands or actions at the machine.
26
Coordinate systems and Zero point shifts
2.2 Work part coordinate system

After the set-up has been completed, the control system of the machine tool refers to the machine zero as
the predefined origin of the coordinate system.
When programming tool motions, however, the work part coordinate system is used. The work part
coordinate system is defined by the programmer and can be changed. The location of the point of origin for
the work part coordinate system, also called work part zero point W, can be, in general, specified as desired.
Work part zero point W

The work part zero point W is the origin of the work part coordinate system. Its location is specified by the
programmer according to practical criteria. The ideal location of the work part zero point allows the
dimensions to be directly taken from the drawing. In case of turning the work part zero point is generally in the
center of the left or right side of the completed part, depending on which side the dimensioning was started
from.
+X
Work part zero point in the left side
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+Z
+Z
+X
Work part zero point in the right side
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Chapter 2
2.2.1 Define the work part coordinate system

The work part coordinate system may be defined by three different methods:
1. predefine the work part zero point W by setting system variables,
2. shift the predefined work part zero point W in the NC-program with the command G50 or
3. define the work part zero point W in the machine by touching the work part.
1.
The work part zero point W can be predefined using system vaiables without being programmed in the
control system. Preferably this work part zero point W is located in the rotation axis and on the stop
face of the lathe chucks.
Predefined work part zero point W

2.
In the NC program the command G50 serves to define the coordinates X and Z of a new work part
zero point W relative to the predefined work part zero point by setting system variables.
zero offset value

Pedefined work part zero point W
3.
28
The work part zero point W can be defined in the machine by touching the work part and than entered
in the control.
2.2.2 Setting the work part coordinate system with the command G50
Command:
G50
Work part coordinate system G50
Function:
A new work part coordinate system is set with the command G50
NC-Block:
G50 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
X-Coordinate of the Work part coordinate system relative to

the predefined work part zero point (zero offset in X)
Z-Coordinate of the Work part coordinate system relative to

the predefined work part zero point (zero offset in Z)
[Z...]
Programming example: G50 X100 Z150
Note:
All coordinates entered after the command G50 refer to this new work part zero
point W.
After the reset of the control, all zero offset values are canceled and the predefined
work part zero point is active again.
No tool offset number is allowed to be programmed in the NC-block with the
command G50.
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Chapter 2
2.3 Specifying the necessary location of the work part zero point
The work part zero point W is the origin of the work part-referenced coordinate system. Its location is
specified by the programmer according to practical criteria. The ideal location of the work part zero point
allows the programmer to take the dimensions directly from the drawing.
For practical reasons the work part zero point W is
selected in turning in the right-hand plane surface
and in the rotation axis.
+Z
The work part zero point is set with reference to the

machine zero point M or to the predefined work part
zero point by setting the system variables.
+X
Work part zero point
Using the operation functions described below the
distance in the Z-direction between the machine
zero point M and the work part zero point W is
specified.
This value zw, also called the zero point shift, is

then entered into the CNC control.
zw
Procedure
Starting situation: All machining tools have been measured and are available on the turret head.
The clamping device is prepared and the work part has been correctly clamped.
1. Switch on the spindle (counterclockwise rotation).
2. Change the tool to set the work part zero point, i.e. rotate the turret head to the corresponding position, for
instance T02.
Note:
The rotation area of the turret has to be checked first to avoid collision during rotation.
3. Touch the front plane area of the work part:

move carefully with the tool using the hand wheel
or using the corresponding arrow keys of the keyboard of the CNC control
until the cutting edge reaches a marking on the work part.
4. Enter the desired plane area allowance (e.g. 0.5 mm) on the CNC control.
Actuate with the zero key.
(The dimensions are used to face the front surface in z=0)
5. The CNC control then stores the value of the zero point shift zw.
The work part zero point W is clearly specified since the X coordinate zero is located on the rotation axis.
6. Because of eventual allowance the front side needs to be faced. This needs to be considered when
programming the NC program.
30

Setting the work part zero point W in the CNC simulator
By setting the work part zero point W the relation between the machine based and work part based
coordinate system is created. The work part zero point corresponds to the drawing zero point. Consequently,
the drawing dimensions can be used in programming.
Using the operation steps described below the distance between the machine zero point M and the work part
zero point W can be specified. This Z value is also called the zero shift zw.
Starting situation:
All machining tools are dimensioned and available
on the turret head.
The work part is clamped in chuck jaws.
The work part zero point is located on the front
plane surface, whereby an allowance of 1mm has
to be considered.
zw
Description
Entry
1. Call CNC turning in the main menu.
F1 (Turning)
2. Select setup mode.
F3 (Setup mode)
3. Switch on the spindle in counterclockwise

rotation.
Type M04 using the keyboard and
4. Change the tool for the definition of the work

part zero point.
Type T0404 using the keyboard and confirm.
5. Move the lathe tool in rapid speed so that it is

located in front of the front plane surface with
a distance of approx. 5mm to the front plane
surface.
Using the numeric keyboard press the

corresponding arrow key simultaneously with
the shift key:
confirm.
+X
+ 4
for rapid speed in -Z direction
+ 2
for rapid speed in -X direction
+Z
Travel direction options:
+X
Pos 1
-Z
5
2
6
3
B ild
-X
Ein fg
MTS GmbH Berlin
+Z
( + Z - direction )
( - Z - direction )
( + X - direction )
( - X - direction )
E ntf
31
Chapter 2
6. Switch the increment from 1mm to 0,1mm or

0,01 mm for further machining. .
F3 (Technology)
F5 (Increment)
F2 (Increment 0.1)
7 Move the lathe tool in negative Z-direction until

it touches the plane surface of the work part .
Press the arrow key on the numeric keyboard.
4
ESC
Then press
and
F8 (Quit).
8. Set the work part zero point in Z.
F4 (Tool datum)
F4 (Set datum)
F1 (Set Z coord.)
Type z+1using the keyboard and confirm
F8 with (allowance of 1mm).

The Z value can be checked for the current
zero point using the displayed coordinates.
9. Take the tool off in +Z direction and in

+X direction .
10. Quit the setup mode
Using the numeric keyboard press the arrow

key together with the shift key:
+ 6
for rapid speed in +Z direction
+ 8
for rapid speed in +X direction
F8 (Quit)
F8 (Quit)
F8 (Quit)
32
NC commands for programming OKUMA 5020 L
3 NC commands for programming OKUMA 5020 L

3.1 Absolute value input and incremental value input G90/G91
Command:
G90
Activate Absolute Dimensions
Function:
When the command G90 is programmed, all subsequent coordinate values relate
to the work part zero. The target position, to which the tool shall move, is
programmed in absolute coordinates, regardless of the current tool position.
NC-Block:
G90
Note:
When absolute dimensioning (G90) is operative, the X-coordinate is programmed

relative to the diameter of the workpiece.
Absolute Dimensioning:
In the absolute system all

dimensions refer to the origin
(zero point) of the coordinate
system, which is also called
the dimensioning reference
point.
Please note that in the absolute system the target points must be programmed according to their position in
the coordinate system with reference to the origin of that system.
Programming Example
with Absolute Coordinates:
N025 G90
...
N090 G00 X+40 Z-50
...
The absolute coordinate system remains operative until it is deactivated by G91 (activating the incremental
dimensioning).
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Chapter 3
Command:
G91
Activate Incremental Dimensions
Function:
When the command G91 is programmed, the programmed coordinates of the

target position relate to the actual tool position; i.e. the values (distances) must be
specified by which the tool shall move in the respective axis from the current
position.
NC-Block:
G91
Note:
When incremental dimensioning (G91) is operative, the X-coordinate is

programmed relative to the radius of the workpiece.
Incremental Dimensioning:
Contrary to the absolute

system, the incremental
dimensioning system is based
on specifying the distance
between a current point and
its preceding point on an axis.
Because in this system a
sequence of additive
dimensions is produced, it is
called incremental.
In the incremental system the coordinate values of the target points must be programmed according to their
position relative to the starting point, with the appropriate positive or negative sign attached.
Programming Example
with Incremental Coordinates:
N025 G91
...
N095 G01 Z-30
...
The incremental coordinate system remains operative until it is deactivated by G90 (activating the absolute
dimensioning).
34
3.2 Linear Interpolation and Machine Functions

3.2.1 Rapid traverse G00
Command:
G00
Rapid traverse
Function:
The tool will move at the maximum possible speed to the target position as
programmed by the X- and Z- coordinates. These coordinates may either be
programmed in the absolute system (G90) or in the incremental system (G91).
Note:

+X
+X
-Z
Example for absolute dimensioning
-Z
Example for incremental dimensioning
If a tool movement parallel to an axis is desired, the respective target coordinate will be identical with that of
the current tool position. It does not have to be programmed separately, since the coordinate address is selfretentive.
The rapid traverse rate in the G00-command is independently set for each axis by the machine tool
manufacture. Consequently, the rapid traverse rate cannot be defined in the address F. Positioning is done
separately for each axis. The traveled path is generally not a straight line.
Z
Real movement for G00
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35
Chapter 3
Command:
G00
Rapid traverse
Function:
The tool will move at the maximum possible speed to the target position as
NC-Block:
G00 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
X-Coordinate of the Target Point
Z-Coordinate of the Target Point
Tool Function
Additional Function
[Z...]
[T...]
[M...]
Programming Example
for Absolute Dimensioning:
N025 G90
...
N100 G00 X+30 Z+5
The tool moves to the point X=30/Z=5.

The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the diameter!
Programming Example
for Incremental Dimensioning:
N025 G91
...
N100 G00 X-12,5 Z-35
The tool moves in the direction X by the value -12.5 and in the direction Z by the value -35 .
Positioning the tool at X+30 / Z+5 will be possible only if the tool has been positioned at X+55, Z+40 (start
position) in the preceding block.
The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the radius!
36
3.2.2 Linear Interpolation in Slow Feed Motion G01

Command:
G01
Linear Interpolation
Function:
The tool will move at the programmed feedrate to the target position as
NC-Block:
G01 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Speed
Tool Function
Additional Function
Note:
[Z...]
[F...]
[S...]
[T...]
[M...]

If a tool change, a change of the feedrate and/or a change of spindle speed have been programmed within
the same NC-block, these commands will be executed prior to moving the tool to the target position.
If a tool movement parallel to an axis is desired, the respective target coordinate will be identical with that of
the current tool position. It does not have to be programmed, since the coordinate address is self-retentive.
Programming Example
with parallel movement
to an axis:
N025 G90
...
N090 G01 Z-50
...
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37
Chapter 3
Command:
G01
Function:
The tool will move at the programmed feedrate to the target position as
NC-Block:
G01 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Speed
Tool Function
Additional Function
[Z...]
[F...]
[S...]
[T...]
[M...]
Programming Example
N025 G90
...
N100 G01 X+140 Z-90
The tool moves to the point X=140, Z=-90.

The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the diameter!
Programming Example
for Incremental Dimensioning:
N025 G91
...
N100 G01 X+20 Z-60
The tool moves in the direction X by the value 20 and in the direction Z by the value-60 .
Positioning the tool at X+140, Z-90 will be possible only if the tool has been positioned at X+100, Z-30 (start
position) in the previous block.
The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the radius!
38

Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with linear movements parallel to the axes.
MTS GmbH Berlin
39
Chapter 3
Use the following configuration:

PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
MATERIAL AlMg 1::Aluminium
DENSITY 002.70
MAIN SPINDLE WITH WORKPART
CHUCK KITAGAWA B-208
STEP JAW WM-KIT_01.002
TYPE OF CHUCK EXTERNAL CHUCK OUTSIDE STEP JAW
CHUCKING DEPTH E18.000
RIGTH SIDE OF THE PART: Z+174.500
TAILSTOCK
TAILSTOCK POSITION Z+1100.000
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
INSIDE TURNING TOOL POST
NTERN. THREADING TOOL POSTAX
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
CL-SVJCR-2020/R/1604 ISO30
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
CL-SCLCR-2020/R/1204 ISO30
BI-SVQBL-1010/L/0702 ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
40

Solution:
Note:
All following example programs have been so configured that the Work part zero point is located
on the right plane surface. For processing on the Lathe either the zero point has to be set
manually or it has to be programmed in the NC-program using the G50 command.
In the MTS-simulator the zero point shift $G54 is required for simulation!
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10188
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N015
G96 S160
N020
G50 S3000
N025
G0 X62 Z0.
N030
G1 X-1 F0.3 M8
N035
G0 X54 Z2.
N040
G1 Z-44.8
N045
X61
N050
G0 Z2.
N055
X48
N060
G1 Z-44.8
N065
X54
N070
G0 Z2.
N075
X42
N080
G1 Z-44.8
N085
X48
N090
G0 Z2.
N095
X36
N100
G1 Z-14.8
N105
X42
N110
G0 Z2.
N115
X32
N120
G1 Z-14.8
N125
X36
N130
G0 Z2.
N135
X500 Z500 M9
N140
T020202 G96 S280 M42 M3 M63
N145
G50 S4000
N150
G0 X30 Z2.
N155
G1 Z-1. M8 F0.1
N160
X40
N165
Z-45
N170
N175
N180
X62
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
MTS GmbH Berlin
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Chapter 3
3.2.3 Dwell time G04

Command:
G04
Dwell
Function:
The tool movement is halted for the specified dwell time.
NC-Block:
G04
[F...]
Optional Addresses:
Dwell time in seconds
3.2.4 Switching to dimension unit inch or mm

Inch data input or mm data input
The standard dimension unit is the metric system. The inch system is an optional extension. Therefore
neither the command G20 nor the command G21 is available for machines in standard model.
All coordinate values must be specified in millimeters. Accordingly the technology data concerning the
feedrate must be specified in millimeters per minute (mm/min).
42
3.2.5 Spindle speed S

Command:
S
Spindle speed
Function:
The spindle speed is programmed in revolutions per minute (RPM).
NC-Block:
...S...
Programming Example: N100 ... S1500 ...

Note:
Before programming the spindle speed the desired spindle speed range must be
specified by using the command M41 or M42.
M41 from 75 to 1100 revolutions per minute
M42 from 75 to 4500 revolutions per minute
3.2.6 Select Lower Spindle Speed Range M41

Command:
M41
Select lower spindle speed range
Function:
The command M41 select the lower spindle speed range for heavy duty cutting in
the optimal spindle speed range from 440 to 1100 revolutions per minute
NC-Block:
...M41...
Programming Example: N100 ...M41 S500 ...

Note:
Before programming the spindle speed S the desired spindle speed range must be
All spindle speeds are availlable, however the programmed spindle speeds should
be in the selected range.
3.2.7 Select Higher Spindle Speed Range M42

Command:
M42
Select higher spindle speed range
Function:
The command M42 select the higher spindle speed range for heavy duty cutting in
the optimal spindle speed range from 1100 to 4500 revolutions per minute
NC-Block:
...M42...
Programming Example: N100 ...M42 S3000 ...

Note:
Before programming the spindle speed S the desired spindle speed range must be
All spindle speeds are availlable, however the programmed spindle speeds should
be in the selected range.
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Chapter 3
3.2.8 Constant Speed Cutting G96

Command:
G96
Constant Speed Cutting
Function:
The command G96 serves to program a constant cutting speed.
NC-Block:
G96 [S...]
Optional Addresses:
Cutting Speed in m per min.
Programming Example: N100 G96 F120

The Cutting Speed is 120mm per min
With turning operations the surface cutting speed is dependent on the programmed spindle speed as well as
on the current X-coordinate of the tool nose. To keep the cutting speed constant, the result from the
multiplication of the speed and the tool nose coordinate in X must be kept as a constant value in the control
system. When smaller X-coordinate values are specified, the spindle speed will increase accordingly.
Note:
When the machining requires small X-coordinate values, the command G50 should
be programmed to limit the spindle speed, so as to avoid exceeding the maximum
speed permissible with the clamping device.
The constant cutting speed remains operative until it is deactivated by G97 or is
overwritten by another G96 command.
The command G96 cannot used for the thread cutting program.
3.2.9 Cancel Constant Speed Cutting G97

Command:
G97
Cancel Constant Speed Cutting
Function:
The command G97 serves to cancel the constant cutting speed command G96.
NC-Block:
G97 [S...]
Optional Addresses:
Spindle Speed in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Programming Example: N100 G97 S2000

The Spindle Speed is now constant 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM).
3.2.10 Maximum Spindle Speed Limitation G50

Command:
G50
Spindle speed limitation
Function:
When a constant cutting speed (G96) is programmed for cross turning down to a
zero diameter, the spindle will accelerate to its maximum speed. To prevent
possibly serious problems with the workpiece clamping, the programming of a
spindle speed limitation (G50) together with the constant cutting speed is
recommended.
NC-Block:
G50 [S...]
Programming Example: N100

Note:
G50
S1500
The maximum spindle speed limitation is active until another G50 command is
programmed.
The G50 command must be programmed in a separate NC block.
44
3.2.11 Feedrate F in mm per minute G94

Command:
G94
Feedrate F in mm per minute
Function:
The command G94 serves to program the feedrate. The unit of measurement is
"Millimeters per Minute".
NC-Block:
G94 [F...]
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate in mm per minute.
Programming Example: N100 G94 F120

The feedrate is 120mm per minute
3.2.12 Feedrate F in mm per revolution G95

Command:
G95
Feedrate F in mm per revolution
Function:
The command G95 serves to program the feedrate per revolution. The measuring
unit is millimeters.
NC-Block:
G95 [F...]
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate in mm per revolution.
Programming Example: N100 G95 F0.2

The feedrate is 0.2mm per revolution
Note:
MTS GmbH Berlin
For using the Feedrate in mm per revolution the spindle must be rotated for the axis
to move.
45
Chapter 3
3.2.13 Programmed Stop M00

Command:
M00
Programmed Stop
Function:
After the execution of a block which contains the command M00, the program
execution is stopped. All operations, for example spindle rotation or coolant, stop
temporarily. The program can restart by pressing the start push-button.
NC-Block:
...M00
This function allows the operator to gauge the work part, remove the chips or to manually change the tool.
3.2.14 Optional Stop M01

Command:
M01
Optional Stop
Function:
If the Optional Stop Switch on the machine operation panel is turned on, the
program execution is stopped in the same way as M00. After the execution of a
block which contains the command M01, all operations, for example spindle
rotation or coolant, stop temporarily. The program can berestarted by pressing the
start push-button.
If the Optional Stop Switch is off, the command M01 is ignored. The operation
proceeds to the next block.
NC-Block:
...M01
This function allows the operator to gauge the work part, remove the chips or to manually change the tool.
3.2.15 Program End M02

Command:
M02
Program End
Function:
This command informs the control system that the current program run has been
completed. The spindle and the coolant pump will be deactivated and the automatic
program run is terminated.
The command M02 performed the rewind (search of the begin of the program).
NC-Block:
...M02
3.2.16 Program End with Resetting M30

Command:
M30
Program End with Resetting
Function:
The command M30 has the same function as the command M02. However the
command M30 performs the rewind (search of the begin of the program). This
command informs the control system that the current program run has been
completed. The spindle and the coolant pump are deactivated and the automatic
program run is terminated.
NC-Block:
...M30
46
3.2.17 Activate spindle in clockwise rotation M03

Command:
M03
Activate spindle in clockwise rotation
Function:
The command M03 activates the spindle rotation in clockwise direction.
NC-Block:
...M03
M03
M03:
Spindle rotation clockwise
The sense of rotation is determined as

seen from the drive, i.e. in the line of view
of the positive Z-axis.
line of view
3.2.18 Activate spindle in counter - clockwise rotation M04
Command:
M04
Activate spindle in counter - clockwise rotation
Function:
The command M04 activates the spindle rotation in the counterclockwise direction.
NC-Block:
...M04
M04
M04:
Spindle rotation counterclockwise
The sense of rotation is determined as

seen from the drive, i.e. in the line of view
of the positive Z-axis.
line of view
3.2.19 Deactivate spindle M05
Command:
M05
Deactivate spindle
Function:
The command M05 stops the spindle rotation.
NC-Block:
...M05
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47
Chapter 3
3.2.20 Mounting a tool T

Command:
T
Mounting a tool
Function:
The command T mounts a tool, which is selected by the digits following the address
character T.
NC-Block:
... T00 00 00...
The digits describe the number of the tool and the number of the compensation storage.
T 00 00 00
tool offset number
tool number
tool nose compensation number
Note:
For using the tool nose compensation number see chapter Selection of Tool
Compensation Values T.
3.2.21 Activate Coolant M08

Command:
M08
Activate Coolant
Function:
The command M08 activates the coolant pump.
NC-Block:
...M08
3.2.22 Deactivate Coolant M09

Command:
M09
Deactivate Coolant
Function:
The command M09 deactivates the coolant pump.
NC-Block:
...M09
48
3.2.23 Activate Feedrate Override dial M48

Command:
M48
Activate Feedrate Override dial
Function:
The command M48 activates the feedrate override dial on the operation panel on
the machine. The feedrate override can be controlled from 0% to 200%.
NC-Block:
...M48
3.2.24 Cancel Feedrate Override dial M49

Command:
M49
Cancel Feedrate Override dial
Function:
The command M49 deactivates the feedrate override dial on the operation panel on
the machine. The feedrate override fixes to 100%.
NC-Block:
...M49
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49
Chapter 3
3.2.25 Subprogram CALL

Command:
CALL
Subprogram Call
Function:
A subprogram called by the command CALL is executed by the control system.

After this, the execution of the main program will be continued from the position in
the program line, where the subprogram had been invocated.
NC-Block:
CALL O[...]
Optional Addresses:
Number of the subprogram
Programming Example: N100 CALL O3001
(Call the subprogram 3001)
3.2.26 End of Subprogram RTS

Command:
RTS
End of Subprogram
Function:
The command RTS (ReTurn form Subprogram) marks the end of a subprogram.
NC-Block:
RTS
At the end of each defined subprogram, the command RTS must be programmed to cause the control
system to return to the main program, respective to the subprogram from which the current subprogram has
been called.
50
3.3 Tool Offset Compensation

Using the tool offset compensation values it is easy to program a work part without consideration of the
actually applicable tool lengths or overhangs. The available work part drawing data can be directly used for
programming. The tool data, lengths as well as overhangs of the turning machines are automatically
considered by the CNC control.
tool setup point
length = distance of the cutting tip to the tool

set-in point in Z
overhang = distance of the cutting tip to the

tool setup point in X
L
Tool offset compensation values
In computing the tool movements the control system relates all programmed coordinates to the tool setup
point which is situated at the stop face of the tool mounting.
It follows that the distance between the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose and the tool setup point must
be determined for every tool, so that the actual tool path can be computed. Each of these differential values is
stored as a tool offset compensation value in a corresponding compensation value storage. When a
programmed tool change is to be executed in the course within NC program, the system reads in the
applicable compensation value storage, to account for the tool geometry in computing the tool path.
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Chapter 3
3.4 Tool Nose Compensation

The actual cutting point of the reversible tip changes during the course of machining, according to the tool
movement direction.
Theoretical tool nose
Tool nose Centre
In computing the tool motion the control system assumes the movement of the theoretical cutting point of the
tool nose along the programmed contour. Every time the tool executes a programmed movement which is not
parallel to either the X- or Z-axis, deviations from the desired contour and the corresponding dimensions are
unavoidable, due to the radius of the tool tip employed.
If tool nose compensation is not selected, the actual machining will deviate from the programmed contour on
the rising and falling segments of a contour, due to the radius of the tool tip.
52
When tool nose compensation is activated, the control system computes the path of the centre of the tool
nose, equidistant to the contour, accounting for the radius.
---
Offset Path
Tool Nose Centre
If the tool nose compensation is selected the system computes the motion of the tool nose centre on an
offset path equidistant to the contour, i.e. the actual cutting point moves exactly along the programmed
contour of the workpiece.
With each tool the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose must be defined by the tool nose compensation
vector to make sure that the control system can compute the path of the actual cutting point in the execution
of a cycle. The tool nose compensation vector defines the theoretical position of the tool nose (in the
directions X and Z) relative to its centre.
Example:
Radius 0,4
I =-0,400
K=-0,400
MTS GmbH Berlin
Example: Radius 0,4

I =-0,400
K=-0,231
53
Chapter 3
Alternatively the tool nose compensation vector can be determined by eight tooling quadrants. This is
common practice and applicable to standard cases.
tooling quadrants
tool nose compensation vectors
The tool management (see Simulator Operation Manual) predefines a TNC vector for every tool available in
the Simulator system.
3.4.1 Selection of Tool Compensation Values T

For programming with tool offset and tool nose compensation it is necessary to select the tool compensation
values of the actual tool by using the T command.
Command:
Tool selection command

Function:
Select the tool on the specified turret position with or without the tool nose
compensation.
NC-Block:
... T00 00 00...
Depending on the quantity of the subsequent digits the tool nose compensation is activated or not.
4 digit command
6 digit command
T00 00
T00 00 00
without the tool nose compensation

with the tool nose compensation
The digits describe the number of the tool and the number of the compensation storage.
T 00 00 00
tool offset number
tool number
tool nose compensation number
54
3.4.2 Position of the Tool Nose Compensation

Since machining can be done in two ways the NC control has to be informed if machining is to take place on
the left (command G41) or right (command G42) of the programmed contour.
Outside machining:
G41
G42
1
machining direction of the tool left of the contour
machining direction of the tool right of the contour
programmed contour
programmed contour
Inside machining:
G41
G42
2
machining direction of the tool left of the contour
machining direction of the tool right of the contour
programmed contour
programmed contour
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Chapter 3
3.4.3 Tool Nose Compensation Left G41
G41
Command:
Compensation to the left of the contour (in the cutting direction)

Function:
When the tool nose compensation is operative, only the work part contour points
are programmed and the control system must be informed whether the tool shall
move left or right of the programmed contour. The qualifications left or right apply to
the direction in which the tool travels along the contour
NC-Block:
G41
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Note:
G01
[X...]
[Z...]
[F...]
The command of the NC-block specifying G41 should be G00 or G01. When G41 is
specified by the commands G02 or G03 an alarm message is displayed.
For using the tool nose compensation the actual tool must be selected with the
6 digit Tool command
Programming Example:
N25 T030303
...
N100 G41
N105 (contour description)
...
N170 G40
programmed
contour
path of the
theoretical
tool nose
machining
direction
56
programmed
contour
3.4.4 Tool Nose Compensation Right G42

Command:
G42
Compensation to the right of the contour (in the cutting direction)
Function:
When the tool nose compensation is operative, only the work part contour points
are programmed and the control system must be informed whether the tool shall
move left or right of the programmed contour. The choiceof left or right applies to
the direction in which the tool travels along the contour
NC-Block:
G42
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Note:
G01
[X...]
[Z...]
[F...]
specified by the commands G02 or G03 an alarm message is displayed.
For using the tool nose compensation the actual tool must be selected with the
6 digit Tool command
N25 T030303
...
N100 G42
N105 (contour description)
...
N170 G40
programmed
contour
machining
direction
path of the
theoretical
tool nose
MTS GmbH Berlin
57
Chapter 3
3.4.5 Cancel Tool Nose Compensation G40

Command:
G40
Cancel the tool nose compensation
Function:
The command G40 cancels the tool nose compensation activated by the
commands G41 or G42.
NC-Block:
G40
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Note:
G01
[X...]
[Z...]
[F...]
specified by the command G02 or G03 an alarm message is displayed.
No tool changing functions can be programmed.
At the end of the program the cutter radius compensation must be canceled, since
the center of the tool cannot be positioned at the end point, and remains deviated
by the cutter radius compensation value.
58
3.4.6 Taper cutting with tool nose compensation

In turning, tool nose correction is used, due to the fact that the control calculates the travel paths based on a
theoretical tool nose of the lathe tool. This theoretical tool nose moves along the programmed path.
Since the actual tool dimensions, i.e. tool nose radius of the lathe tool, are not considered errors are
unavoidable. In tool movements which are not parallel to X or Z axis considerable dimension and form
deviations are the result. These errors can be avoided by using tool nose compensation in the CNC control.
3
programmed contour
theoretical cutting point
4
theoretical tool tip
actual tool tip
incorrect deviation from the

programmed contour
5
2
Error in turning: taper is not true-to-size according to the programmed contour
3.4.6.1 Taper Cutting with G01 X...Z...

Command:
G01
Function:
The tool moves at the programmed feedrate to the target position as programmed
by the X- and Z- coordinates. These coordinates may either be programmed in the
absolute system (G90) or in the incremental system (G91).
NC-Block:
G01 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
Feedrate
Speed
Tool Function
Additional Function
Note:
[Z...]
[F...]
[S...]
[T...]
[M...]

MTS GmbH Berlin
59
Chapter 3
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following taper bolt with the coordinates X and Z.
60

PART
GEOMETRY X+032.000 Z+163.700
G01 X+022.200 Z+173.500
G01 X+000.000 Z+173.500
G01 X+000.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+128.700
G01 X+043.600 Z+128.700
G03 X+042.000 Z+129.500 I+000.000 K+000.800
G01 X+042.000 Z+133.700
G01 X+032.031 Z+158.622
G03 X+032.000 Z+158.779 I+000.784 K+000.157
G01 X+032.000 Z+163.700
M30
DENSITY 002.70
RIGHT SIDE OF THE PART: Z+173.500
CURRENT TOOL T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
61
Chapter 3
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10190
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N015
G96 S160
N020
G50 S3000
N025
G0 X62 Z0
N030
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N035
G0 X500 Z500
N040
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
N045
G50 S3500
N050
G0 X62 Z5
N055
G0 G42 X16 Z2
N060
G1 X20 Z0
N065
G1 X30 Z-10
N070
G1 Z-15
N075
G1 X40 Z-40
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
G1 Z-45
X62
G40
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
M2
62

3.4.6.2 Taper Cutting with an angle A
Command:
G01 with an angle A

Function:
The tool moves at the programmed feedrate to the target position as programmed
by the X- coordinate and taper angle A or by the Z- coordinate and taper angle A.
NC-Block:
G01 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
Taper angle
Feedrate
Speed
Tool Function
Additional Function
Note:
[Z...]
[A...]
[F...]
[S...]
[T...]
[M...]
The angle command can be uesd with the following commands: G00, G01, G31,
G32, G33, G34 and G35.
The angle A is measured in the X-Z-plane. The positive direction of the Z-axis is the
angle zero. The angle A is positive in the counterclockwise direction and negativ in
the clockwise direction:
A=+120
A=-120
P1
P2
P1
P1
Programming:
G01 X... A...
A=+240
P2
P2
or
G01 Z... A...

Programming Example
A=+161,565
N025 G90
...
N100 G01 X+140 A+161,565
or
N100 G01 Z-90 A+161,565
MTS GmbH Berlin
63
Chapter 3
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following taper bolt with G01 with angles.
64

PART
GEOMETRY X+032.000 Z+163.700
G01 X+022.200 Z+173.500
G01 X+000.000 Z+173.500
G01 X+000.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+128.700
G01 X+043.600 Z+128.700
G03 X+042.000 Z+129.500 I+000.000 K+000.800
G01 X+042.000 Z+133.700
G01 X+032.031 Z+158.622
G03 X+032.000 Z+158.779 I+000.784 K+000.157
G01 X+032.000 Z+163.700
M30
DENSITY 002.70
CURRENT TOOL T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
65
Chapter 3
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10190
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N015
G96 S160
N020
G50 S3000
N025
G0 X62 Z0
N030
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N035
G0 X500 Z500
N040
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
N045
G50 S3500
N050
G0 X62 Z5
N055
G0 G42 X16 Z2
N060
G1 X20 Z0
N065
G1 X30 A153.435
N070
G1 Z-15
N075
G1 X40 A168.69
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
G1 Z-45
X62
G40
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
M2
66
3.5 Circular interpolation

Circular interpolations can be moved in two opposite directions.
G02 in clockwise direction, or in
G03 counterclockwise direction.
G02
G03
Z
Directions for Circular Interpolations.
3.5.1 Circular Interpolation Clockwise G02

Command:
G02
Circular Interpolation Clockwise G02
Function:
The tool will move clockwise on a circular arc to the target position.
NC-Block:
G02 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
X-Coordinate of the End Point
Z-Coordinate of the End Point
Circle Center Incremental (distance between the starting position and the
circle center in the X-direction).
circle center in the Z-direction).
Note:
[Z...]
[I...]
[F...]...
The addresses I and K are always programmed in the incremental system,

regardless of the selected value command system (G90 or G91).
F
Feedrate
The tool moves at the programmed feedrate

clockwise on a circular arc to the target position as
defined by the coordinates in X and Z.
These coordinates may either be programmed in
the absolute system (G90) or in the incremental
system (G91).
MTS GmbH Berlin
[K...]
G02
Z
67
Chapter 3
Command:
G02
Circular Interpolation Clockwise G02
Function:
The tool moves clockwise on a circular arc to the target position.
NC-Block:
G02 [X...]
[Z...]
[I...]
[K...]
[F...]...
Programming Example
N025 G90
...
N110 G01 X+80 Z-40
N115 G02 X+140 Z-106 I+45 K-20
Programming Example
N025 G91
...
N115 G02 X+30 Z-66 I+45 K-20
68
3.5.2 Circular Interpolation CounterClockwise G03

Command:
G03
Circular Interpolation CounterClockwise G03
Function:
The tool moves counterclockwise on a circular arc to the target position.
NC-Block:
G03 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
X-Coordinate of the End Point
Z-Coordinate of the End Point
circle center in the X-direction).
circle center in the Z-direction).
Note:
[Z...]
[I...]
[K...]
[F...]...
The addresses I and K are always programmed in the incremental system,

regardless of the selected value command system (G90 or G91).
F
Feedrate
The tool moves at the programmed feedrate

counter-clockwise on a circular arc to the
target position as defined by the coordinates
in X and Y.
G03
Z
The coordinates for the target position may either be programmed in the absolute system (G90) or in the
incremental system (G91).
MTS GmbH Berlin
69
Chapter 3
Command:
G03
Circular Interpolation CounterClockwise G03
Function:
The tool moves counterclockwise on a circular arc to the target position.
NC-Block:
G03 [X...]
[Z...]
[I...]
[K...]
[F...]...
Programming Example
N025 G90
...
N110 G01 X+80 Z-50
N115 G03 X+140 Z-80 I-15 K-45
Programming Example
N025 G91
...
N115 G03 X+30 Z-30 I-15 K-45
70

Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with circular interpolation by using the coordinates I and K.
MTS GmbH Berlin
71
Chapter 3

PART
CYLINDER D070.000 L107.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
72

Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z198.5
O10191
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X18 Z2
N010
G1 Z0
N015
G1 X20
N020
G3 X30 Z-5 I0 K-5
N025
G1 Z-26
N030
G2 X38 Z-30 I4 K0
N035
G1 X42
N040
G3 X50 Z-34 I0 K-4
N045
G1 Z-47
N050
G2 X56 Z-50 K0 I3
N055
N060
G1 X60 Z-52
Z-67
N065
G2 X66 Z-70 I3 K0
N070
G1 X67
N075
G3 X70 Z-71.5 I0 K-1.5
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
G1 Z-73
X72
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X72 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X500 Z500
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
G50 S3500
G0 X72 Z5
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 W.2 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X72 Z5
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
M2
MTS GmbH Berlin
73
Chapter 3
3.5.3 Circular Interpolation with Radius Input
Command:
G02 or G03 with Radius Input

Circular Interpolation with radius input
Function:
The tool moves on a circular arc with the radius L to the target position.
NC-Block:
G 02
G 03
Optional Addresses:
CALRG for circular movements with an angle > 180
(CALRG)
[X...]
[Z...]
[L...]
Radius of the circular arc
Feedrate
[F...]
A circular arc can be specified using the starting point, the target point and the circle center. Alternatively the
circular arc can be programmed without the circle center however with the radius.
The CNC-control calculates the coordinates of the circle center from the coordinates of the target point and
the programmed radius L.
Depending on the moving angle there are two cases of movements:
1. moving angle < 180, L is the radius of the circular arc.
2. moving angle 180, use the command CALRG before the coordinates.
C irc le C en te r
< 180
Target P oint
> 180
S tarting Point
C irc le C e n te r
Circular Interpolations with Radius Input

Note:
The value for L (radius of the circular arc) must be positive.

Both coordinates of the target point (X and Z) must be programmed.
The radius must be larger than the half distance from the current position to the
target point.
To program a circular movement with an angle larger than 180, specify CALRG in
the NC-block with the G02/G03 command.
74

< 180
Target Point
> 180
R 20
20
Starting Point
Moving Angle < 180

Absolute
Dimensions
Incremental
Dimensions
Moving Angle > 180
G90 G02 X70 Z80 R20
G90 G02 CALRG X70 Z80 R20
G90 G01 X30 Z50
G90 G01 X30 Z50
G91 G02 X20 Z30 R20
G91 G02 CALRG X20 Z30 R20
MTS GmbH Berlin
75
Chapter 3
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with circular interpolation by using the radius L.
76

PART
CYLINDER D070.000 L107.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
77
Chapter 3
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z198.5
O10191
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X18 Z2
N010
G1 Z0
N015
G1 X20
N020
G3 X30 Z-5 L5
N025
G1 Z-26
N030
G2 X38 Z-30 L4
N035
G1 X42
N040
G3 X50 Z-34 L4
N045
G1 Z-47
N050
G2 X56 Z-50 L3
N055
N060
G1 X60 Z-52
Z-67
N065
G2 X66 Z-70 L3
N070
G1 X67
N075
G3 X70 Z-71.5 I0 L1.5
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
G1 Z-73
X72
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X72 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X500 Z500
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
G50 S3500
G0 X72 Z5
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 W.2 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X72 Z5
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
M2
78
3.6 Automatic Chamfering

It is often necessary to chamfer sharp edges with bevels or roundings by cutting a work part. It is only
possible to program these chamfers with the command G01. Most CNC-controls are equipped with the
automatic chamfering function.
The following commands are used for this automatic chamfering function:
G75: 45 chamfering
G76 : rounding
The size of the chamfering is programmed by using the address L.
G75
Eample with 45 chamfering
G76
Eample with roundings
MTS GmbH Berlin
79
Chapter 3
3.6.1 Automatic 45 Chamfering G75

Command:
G75
Automatic 45 chamfering
Function:
The command G75 serves to program chamfers at internal and external corners
between axially parallel straight lines.
NC-Block:
G75
X ...
Z ...
Optional Addresses:
Size of chamfering programming with:
when the Z-axis moves in the positive direction after the movement in X, or
when the X-axis moves in the positive direction after the movement in Z
when the Z-axis moves in the negative direction after the movement in X, or
when the X-axis moves in the negative direction after the movement in Z
Feedrate
L+...
L...
[F...]
Programming Example
N165 G42
N170 G00 X+50 Z+5
N175 G01 Z-30
N180 G75 X+110 L-10
N185 G01 Z-80
N190 G40
Note:
The command G75 can only programmed in the G01 mode!

The command G75 is only effective in the specified NC-block.
Only one coordinate, either X or Z, is allowed in one NC-block.
The length of the programmed axis movement exceed than the size of chamfering.
Automatic chamfering can be used in the Lathe Auto-Programming Function (LAP)
and in the tool nose compensation mode.
80

Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with 45bevels.
MTS GmbH Berlin
81
Chapter 3

PART
CYLINDER D050.000 L080.000
DENSITY 002.70
CHUCK KFD-HS 160
STEP JAW HM-160_200-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
BI-SDUCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
82

Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z208
O1001
NLAP1 G81
N010
G0 X6 Z2
N015
G42
N020
G1 X10 Z0
N025
G75 X20 L-5
N030
G75 Z-20 L3
N035
G75 X40 L-3
N040
G75 Z-50 L2
N045
G75 X50 L-2
N050
G1 Z-52
N055
G1 X52
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S140 M3 M42 M63
N075
G50 S3500
N080
G0 X50 Z2 M8
N085
G85 NLAP1 D6 U.2 W.2 F.3 O1
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N095
T020202 G96 S290 M3 M42 M63 F0.1
N100
G50 S4000
N105
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N110
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N115
M30
MTS GmbH Berlin
83
Chapter 3
3.6.2 Automatic Rounding G76

Command:
G76
Automatic Rounding
Function:
The command G76 serves to program roundings of internal and external corners
between axially parallel straight lines.
NC-Block:
G76
X ...
Z ...
Optional Addresses:
Radius of rounding circle
when the Z-axis moves in the positive direction after the movement in X or
when the X-axis moves in the positive direction after the movement in Z
when the Z-axis moves in the negative direction after the movement in X or
when the X-axis moves in the negative direction after the movement in Z
Feedrate
L+...
L...
[F...]
Programming Example
N165 G42
N170 G00 X+50 Z+5
N175 G01 Z-30
N180 G76 X+110 L-10
N185 G01 Z-80
N190 G40
Note:
The command G76 can only be programmed in the G01 mode!

The command G76 is valed only in the specified NC-block.
Only one coordinate, either X or Z, is allowed in one NC-block.
The length of the programmed axis movement must exceed than the radius of the
rounding circle.
The automatic rounding is active in the Lathe Auto-Programming Function (LAP)
and in the tool nose compensation mode.
84

Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with roundings.
MTS GmbH Berlin
85
Chapter 3

PART
CYLINDER D050.000 L080.000
DENSITY 002.70
CHUCK KFD-HS 160
STEP JAW HM-160_200-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
86

Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z208
O1002
NLAP1 G81
N010
G0 X6 Z2
N015
G42
N020
G1 X10 Z0
N025
G76 X20 L-5
N030
G76 Z-20 L3
N035
G76 X40 L-3
N040
G76 Z-50 L2
N045
G76 X50 L-2
N050
G1 Z-52
N055
G1 X52
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S140 M3 M42 M63
N075
G50 S3500
N080
G0 X50 Z2 M8
N085
G85 NLAP1 D6 U.2 W.2 F.3 O1
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N095
T020202 G96 S290 M3 M42 M63 F0.1
N100
G50 S4000
N105
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N110
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N115
M30
MTS GmbH Berlin
87
Chapter 3
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with roundings and 45bevels.
88

PART
CYLINDER D050.000 L080.000
DENSITY 002.70
CHUCK KFD-HS 160
STEP JAW HM-160_200-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-2012/L/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
89
Chapter 3
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z208
O1003
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S140 M3 M42 M63
N015
G50 S3500
N020
G0 X50 Z2 M8
N025
G85 NLAP1 D6 U.2 W.2 F.3 O1
NLAP1 G81
N035
G0 X6 Z2
N040
G42
N045
G1 X10 Z0
N050
G75 X20 L-5
N055
G76 Z-20 L3
N060
G75 X40 L-3
N065
G76 Z-50 L2
N070
G75 X50 L-2
N075
G1 Z-52
N080
G1 X52
N085
G40
N090
G80
N095
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N100
T020202 G96 S290 M3 M42 M63 F0.1
N105
G50 S4000
N110
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N115
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N120
M30
90
3.7 Thread Cutting G33

Command:
G33
Thread cutting
Function:
The G33 cycle serves to program thread cutting parallel to the Z-axis.
NC-Block:
G33 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
diameter of each thread cutting cycle
end point of thread in longitudinal direction
thread lead
[Z...]
[F...]
nominal diameter of the thread
F thread lead
depth of the thread relative to the radius
Z Z-Coordinate of the theoretical end point of the thread
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
Note:
The successive infeeds must be programmed seperately by using the different

diameter X1, X2, X3 and so on.
Never change the spindle speed during the thread cutting cycle.
MTS GmbH Berlin
91
Chapter 3
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with a thread.
92

PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10187
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X23 Z2
N010
G1 X27 Z0
N015
G1 X30 Z-1.5
N020
G1 Z-15
N025
G75 X40 L-1.5
N030
G1 Z-39.5
N035
X37 Z-41
N040
Z-45
N045
G75 X60 L-1.5
N050
G1 Z-48
N055
G1 X62
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N075
G96 S160
N080
G50 S3000
N085
G0 X62 Z0
N090
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N095
G0 X500 Z500
N100
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
N105
G50 S3500
N110
G0 X62 Z5
N115
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
MTS GmbH Berlin
93
Chapter 3
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X70 Z-45. M8
G73 X30 Z-41. I4 K2.5 E0.5 D4 F0.12 T11
G0 X62
X500 Z500 M9 M5
T101010 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1000
G0 X50 Z5
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
G33 X38.5 Z-42 L1 F2

X38
X37.8
X37.7
X37.6
X37.55
X37.52
N220
X37.5
N225
N230
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
94
3.8 Taper Thread Cutting G33

Command:
G33
Taper thread cutting
Function:
The G33 cycle serves to program taper thread cutting with a constant lead.
NC-Block:
G33 [X...]
Optional Addresses:
thread diameter for each thread cutting cycle
Z-Coordinate of the end point of the thread
thread lead
incremental difference between start and end of taper
taper angle
chamfering distance
[Z...]
I

A
[F...]
[L...]
thread diameter for each thread cutting cycle
F thread lead
depth of the thread relative to the radius
Z Z-Coordinate of the theoretical end point of the

thread
incremental difference between start and end of

taper
A taper angle
MTS GmbH Berlin
95
Chapter 3
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with a taper thread.
96

PART
CYLINDER D110.000 L142.000
DENSITY 002.70
STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
N005
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
$G54 Z96.5
O10186
NLAP1 G81
G0 G42 X16 Z145
G1 X20 Z140
X40 Z110
Z106
G2 X52 Z100 I6 K0
G76 X80 L-10
G76 Z50 L5
G3 X110 Z40 L10
G1 Z35
X112
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X112 Z140
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X120 Z150
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
97
Chapter 3
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63

G50 S1500
G0 X90 Z60 M8
G73 X60 Z85 I8 K2.5 E0.5 D6 F0.12 T12
G0 X112
X500 Z500 M9 M5
T101010 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1000
G0 X50 Z150
N165
N170
N175
N180
N185
N190
N195
N200
G33 X11.834 Z110 A161.565 L5 F2.5

X11.334
X10.834
X10.634
X10.534
X10.434
X10.334
X10.294
N205
X10.274
N170
N175
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
98
4 Compound Fixed Cycles

4.1 Longitudinal Thread Cutting Cycle G71
Command:
G71
longitudinal thread cutting cycle
Function:
The G71 cycle serves to program threads in longitudinal direction.
NC-Block:
G71 X... Z... A... I... B... D... U... H... L...
Optional Addresses:
G71
longitudinal thread cutting cycle
final diameter of thread
Z-coordinate of the end point of thread
taper angle
incremental difference between start and end of taper
infeed angle
depth of cut in the first thread cutting cycle
finishing allowance
thread heigth in diameter
chamfering distance in final thread cutting cycle
feedrate in rough cut cycle
number of threadswithin a distance specified by F
used to select thread cutting pattern and mode of infeed
number of threads for multi-thread cutting
MTS GmbH Berlin
F... J... M... Q...
99
Chapter 4
Calculation of taper angle A
10
tan =
40
a 10
=
= 0.333
b 30
= arctan 0.333
= 18.435
20
30
Calculation of I
I = [ (Z 1 - Z 2) * (taper) ] /2 = 13,333
30
20
40
10
I = [ (150 - 110) * (2 / 3) ] /2 = 13,333
100
I = 13,333

Example:
Create an NC-program for the following shaft with a taper thread by using the G71 cycle with I.
MTS GmbH Berlin
101
Chapter 4

PART
CYLINDER D110.000 L142.000
DENSITY 002.70
STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z96.5
O10186
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X16 Z145
N010
G1 X20 Z140
N015
X40 Z110
N020
Z106
N025
G2 X52 Z100 I6 K0
N030
G76 X80 L-10
N035
G76 Z50 L5
N040
G3 X110 Z40 L10
N045
G1 Z35
N050
X112
N055
G40
N060
G80
N065
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N070
G96 S160
N075
G50 S3000
N080
G0 X112 Z140
N085
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N090
G0 X120 Z150
N095
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N100
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N105
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
N110
G50 S4000
102

N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X90 Z60 M8
G73 X60 Z85 I8 K2.5 E0.5 D6 F0.12 T15
G0 X112
X500 Z500 M9 M5
T101010 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1000
G0 X50 Z150
N165
G71 X10.274 Z110 I13.333 B60 D1.5 U0.2 H3.06 L5 E0.2 F2.5 M32 M73 M23
N170
N175
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
103
Chapter 4
Example:
Create an NC-program for the bolt with a taper thread by using the G71 cycle with A.
PART
CYLINDER D110.000 L142.000
DENSITY 002.70
STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z96.5
O10186
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X16 Z145
N010
G1 X20 Z140
N015
X40 Z110
N020
Z106
N025
G2 X52 Z100 I6 K0
N030
G76 X80 L-10
N035
G76 Z50 L5
N040
G3 X110 Z40 L10
N045
G1 Z35
N050
X112
N055
G40
N060
G80
N065
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N070
G96 S160
N075
G50 S3000
N080
G0 X112 Z140
N085
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N090
G0 X120 Z150
N095
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N100
G0 X500 Z500 M9
104

N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X90 Z60 M8
G73 X60 Z85 I8 K2.5 E0.5 D6 F0.12 T15
G0 X112
X500 Z500 M9 M5
T101010 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1000
G0 X50 Z150
N165
G71 X10.274 Z110 A161.565 B60 D1.5 U0.2 H3.06 L5 E0.2 F2.5 M32 M75 M23
N170
N175
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
105
Chapter 4
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with a thread.
106

PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10187
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X23 Z2
N010
G1 X27 Z0
N015
G1 X30 Z-1.5
N020
G1 Z-15
N025
G75 X40 L-1.5
N030
G1 Z-39.5
N035
X37 Z-41
N040
Z-45
N045
G75 X60 L-1.5
N050
G1 Z-48
N055
G1 X62
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N075
G96 S160
N080
G50 S3000
N085
G0 X62 Z0
N090
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N095
G0 X500 Z500
N100
T010101 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63
N105
G50 S3500
N110
G0 X62 Z5
N115
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
MTS GmbH Berlin
107
Chapter 4
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X70 Z-45. M8
G73 X30 Z-41. I4 K2.5 E0.5 D4 F0.12 T15
G0 X62
X500 Z500 M9 M5
T101010 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1000
G0 X50 Z5
N185
G71 X37.54 Z-42 B60 D1.5 U0.2 H2.46 L0 E0.2 F2 M32 M73 M23
N190
N195
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
108
4.2 Longitudinal Grooving Fixed Cycle G73

Command:
G73
longitudinal grooving fixed cycle
Function:
The G73 cycle serves to program recesses.
NC-Block:
G73 X... Z... I... K... D... L... F... E... T...
Optional Addresses:
G73
longitudinal grooving fixed cycle
X-coordinate of the target point
Z-coordinate of the target point
shift amount in X- direction
shift amount in Z- direction
depth of cut
total infeed amount for tool withdrawal motion
feedrate
duration of dwell time
tool offset number
MTS GmbH Berlin
109
Chapter 4
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following shaft with the G73 cycle.
110

PART
CYLINDER D110.000 L142.000
DENSITY 002.70
STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z96.5
O10186
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X40 Z143
N010
G1 Z106
N015
G2 X52 Z100 I6 K0
N020
G76 X80 L-10
N025
G76 Z50 L5
N030
G3 X110 Z40 L10
N035
G1 Z35
N040
X112
N045
G40
N050
G80
N055
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N060
G96 S160
N065
G50 S3000
N070
G0 X112 Z142
N075
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N080
G0 X120 Z150
N085
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N095
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
N100
G50 S4000
N105
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N110
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
111
Chapter 4
N115
N120
N125
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63

G50 S1500
G0 X90 Z60 M8
N130
G73 X60 Z85 I8 K2.5 E0.5 D6 F0.12 T15
N135
N140
X500 Z500 M9 M5
M30
Finished part:
112
4.3 Transverse Grooving Fixed Cycle G74

Command:
G74
transverse grooving fixed cycle
Function:
The G74 cycle serves to program recesses.
NC-Block:
G74 X... Z... I... K... D... L... F... E... T...
Optional Addresses:
G74
transverse grooving fixed cycle
X-coordinate of the target point
Z-coordinate of the target point
shift amount in X- direction
shift amount in Z- direction
depth of cut
total infeed amount for tool withdrawal motion
feedrate
duration of dwell time
tool offset number
MTS GmbH Berlin
113
Chapter 4
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following candle stand with the G74 cycle.
114

PART
CYLINDER D035.000 L065.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/2.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z157
O10185
NLAP1 G81
N005
G42 G0 X6 Z2
N005
G1 X10 Z0
N010
G75 X16.6 L-3.3
N015
G1 Z-9
N020
X22.2 Z-16.6
N025
G3 X28.2 Z-19.6 L3
N030
G1 Z-25 X28.2
N035
G2 Z-26.5 X31.2 I1.5 K0
N040
G1 Z-31.5
N045
G1 X29.2 Z-32
N050
Z-36
N055
X37
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N075
G96 S160
N080
G50 S3000
N085
G0 X37 Z0
N090
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N095
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N100
T090909 M3 M42 M63 F0.12
N105
G97 S1900
N110
G0 X0 Z3
MTS GmbH Berlin
115
Chapter 4
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
G1 Z-6 M8
G0 Z5
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T070707 M3 M42 M63
G97 S1200
G0 Z3
X0 M8
N150
G74 X0 Z-28 D15 E1 F0.22
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
N220
N225
N230
N235
N240
N245
G0 X500
Z500 M5 M9
T040404 M3 M42 M63 F0.3
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X37 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X37 Z-35
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
116
4.4 Right-Hand Tapping Cycle G77

Command:
G77
right-hand tapping cycle
Function:
The G77 cycle serves to program threads.
NC-Block:
G77 X... Z... K... F...
Optional Addresses:
G77
right-hand tapping cycle
X-coordinate of the tapping cycle start point
Z-coordinate of the tapping cycle end point
rapid axis feedrate
feedrate
MTS GmbH Berlin
117
Chapter 4
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with the G77 cycle for the thread.
118

PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
MTS GmbH Berlin
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
TWIST DRILL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-10.25/087/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
DR-12.00/087/R/HSS ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
119
Chapter 4
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10022
NLAP1 G81
N002
G0 G42 X8 Z2
N005
G1 Z0
N010
G75 X30 L-2
N015
G1 Z-15
N020
G75 X40 L-2
N025
G1 Z-45
N030
G75 X60 L-2
N035
G1 Z-55
N040
X62
N045
G40
N050
G80
N055
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N060
G96 S160
N065
G50 S3000
N070
G0 X62 Z0
N075
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N080
G0 X62 Z2
N085
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N095
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
N100
G50 S4000
N115
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N120
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N125
G96 S100 T070707 M3 M42 M63
N130
G50 S1500
N135
G0 X0 Z3 M8
N140
G74 X0 Z-28 D10 E1 F0.22
N145
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
N150
T101010 G97 S600 M3 M42 M63
N155
G0 Z10
N160
X0
N165
G77 X0 Z-25 K7 F0.2
N170
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N175
M30
120
4.5 Left-Hand Tapping Cycle G78

Command:
G78
left-hand tapping cycle
Function:
The G78 cycle serves to program threads.
NC-Block:
G78 X... Z... K... F...
Optional Addresses:
G78
left-hand tapping cycle
X-coordinate of the tapping cycle start point
Z-coordinate of the tapping cycle end point
rapid axis feedrate
feedrate
MTS GmbH Berlin
121
Chapter 4
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with the G78 cycle for the thread.
122

PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
MTS GmbH Berlin
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
TWIST DRILL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/20/055-075/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-10.25/087/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
DR-12.00/087/R/HSS ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
123
Chapter 4
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z173.5
O10022
NLAP1 G81
N002
G0 G42 X8 Z2
N005
G1 Z0
N010
G75 X30 L-2
N015
G1 Z-15
N020
G75 X40 L-2
N025
G1 Z-45
N030
G75 X60 L-2
N035
G1 Z-55
N040
X62
N045
G40
N050
G80
N055
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N060
G96 S160
N065
G50 S3000
N070
G0 X62 Z0
N075
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N080
G0 X62 Z2
N085
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N095
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
N100
G50 S4000
N115
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N120
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N125
G96 S100 T070707 M3 M42 M63
N130
G50 S1500
N135
G0 X0 Z3 M8
N140
G74 X0 Z-28 D10 E1 F0.22
N145
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
N150
T101010 G97 S600 M3 M42 M63
N155
G0 Z10
N160
X0
N165
G78 X0 Z-25 K7 F0.2
N170
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N175
M30
124
Subprogram technology
5 Subprogram technology
5.1 Purpose, function and use of subprograms of a CNC turning
machine
A subprogram is a program that is called from an NC-program. All commands in this subprogram are
executed after it is invoked. The CNC-control then returns to the main program and executes the subsequent
commands.
It is practical to use subprograms when specific program sections need to be executed repeatedly. For
example, if a contour operation is to be executed in multiple infeeds or after one or more zero point shifts,
then the contour can be programmed only once in a subprogram. This subprogram is then invoked for
machining.
These subprograms can be invoked from any NC-program, thereby allowing program elements for recurrent
machining operations to be programmed. As a result, programming work is considerably reduced. This is
applied for machining identical contours.
5.1.1 Subprogram CALL

Command:
CALL
Subprogram Call
Function:
A subprogram called by the command CALL is executed by the control system.

After this, the execution of the main program will be continued from the position in
the program line, where the subprogram has been invocated.
NC-Block:
CALL O[...]
Optional Addresses:
Number of the subprogram
Programming Example: N100 CALL O3001
(Call the subprogram O3001)
5.1.2 End of Subprogram RTS

Command:
RTS
End of Subprogram
Function:
The command RTS (ReTurn form Subprogram) marks the end of a subprogram.
NC-Block:
RTS
At the end of each defined subprogram, the command RTS must be programmed to cause the control
system to return to the main program, resp. to the subprogram from which the current subprogram has been
called.
MTS GmbH Berlin
125
Chapter 5
Example for using subprograms:
NC-program for the following chess figure with a subprogram by using absolute input values.
126
PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L085.000
DENSITY 002.70
CURRENT TOOL T08
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
CL-SVJCL-2020/R/1604 ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFL-KITA/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
127
Chapter 5
Solution:
main program baucall.mm
$G54 Z177
O10022
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
N015
G96 S160
N020
G50 S3000
N025
G0 X42 Z0
N030
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N035
G0 X42 Z4
N040
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
NLAP1 G81
N050
CALL O5000
main program called subprogram O5000.mm
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
G80
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z4
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-63
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
subprogram O5000.mm
N010
G0 G42 X0 Z2
N015
G1 X0 Z0
N020
G76 X12 L-4
N025
G1 Z-5
N030
X7 Z-10
N035
G2 X11 Z-12 L2
N040
G1 X16
N045
Z-16
N050
X10 Z-22
N055
Z-26
N060
X14 Z-35
N065
X23 Z-41
N070
Z-43
N075
G3 X35 Z-49 L6
N080
G1 Z-51
N085
X31 Z-56
N090
G3 X35 Z-58 L2
N095
G1 Z-59.5
N100
X32 Z-61
N105
Z-63
N110
X42
N115
G40
N120
128
RTS
return to the main program
Programming Example
Subsequently, the program sequence with the subprogram call is shown.
N050
main program baucall

$G54 Z177
O10022
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X42 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X42 Z4
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
NLAP1 G81
CALL O5000
N055
G80
N060
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
MTS GmbH Berlin
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
subprogram O5000.mm
G0 G42 X0 Z2
G1 X0 Z0
G76 X12 L-4
G1 Z-5
X7 Z-10
G2 X11 Z-12 L2
G1 X16
Z-16
X10 Z-22
Z-26
X14 Z-35
X23 Z-41
Z-43
G3 X35 Z-49 L6
G1 Z-51
X31 Z-56
G3 X35 Z-58 L2
G1 Z-59.5
X32 Z-61
Z-63
X42
G40
RTS
129
Chapter 5
N065
N070
N075
N080
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z4
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-63
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
N110
N115
N120
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
130
5.2 Nesting several subprograms

Subprograms are usually invoked by the main program. However, it is also possible for a subprogram to call
another subprogram. This process is called nesting subprograms.
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following bolt with subprogram nesting.
MTS GmbH Berlin
131
Chapter 5

PART
CYLINDER D075.000 L100.000
DENSITY 002.70
CHUCK KFD-HS 160
STEP JAW HM-160_200-02.001
CURRENT TOOL T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Finished part:
132
Possible solution:
main program buchs1.mm
$G54 Z225
O0200
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S140 M3 M42 M63
N015
G50 S3000
N020
CALL O1000
N025
N030
N035
N040
T040404 G96 S140 M3 M42 M63

G50 S3000
G0 X80 Z4
G85 NLAP1 D6 U.4 W.2 F.28
NLAP1 G81
N050
CALL O4000
N055
G80
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
T020202 F.1 M3 G96 S280 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 Z5
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M30
MTS GmbH Berlin
133
Chapter 5
Subprogram number O1000

N010
N015
G0 X78 Z0.2
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N020
N025
G0 Z2
X500 Z500 M5 M9
N030
CALL O2000
subprogram called subprogram O2000.mm
N035
CALL O3000
subprogram called subprogram O3000.mm
N040
RTS

N005
N010
N015
T090909 M3 M42 M63 G97 S1800

G0 X0 Z2
G1 Z-5.6 F0.16 M8
N020
N025
G0 Z2
X500 Z500 M5 M9
N030
RTS
134
return to the subprogram O1000.mm
N010
N015
N020
N025
T070707 M3 M42 M63

G97 S1000
G0 Z2 X0 M8
G74 X0 Z-105 D8 E1 F.22 L0
N030
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N035
RTS
return to the subprogram O1000.mm

N010
N020
N025
N030
G42 G0 X20 Z2 M8
G1 Z0
G3 X28 Z-4 I0 K-4
G1 Z-28
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
G2 X34 Z-31 I3 K0
G1 X38 Z-33
G1 Z-53
G1 X44
G3 X50 Z-56 I0 K-3
G1 Z-64
G2 X62 Z-70 I6 K0
G1 X66
G1 X71 Z-72.5
G1 X76
G40
N095
RTS
MTS GmbH Berlin
135
Chapter 5
6 Lathe Auto - Programming Function LAP

In CNC-controls, predefined machining cycles are available which can be invoked with specific commands.
Similar to subprograms, they contain prevalent command sequences.
With the lathe auto-programming function the control automatically generates tool paths necessary for a
roughing cycle to produce the required part contour.
In this function a contour can be defined for roughing cycle and the finishing. If a LAP-function is called with
specified roughing conditions, automatically the tool paths for the single roughing cuts and if desired the finish
cut are generated.
6.1 Contour Definition

The contour definition must be programmed in a separate section. This section begins with a sequence name
like NLAP1 or NLAP5 and ends with the G80 command making the section end.
Before using this contour for, for example, a contouring roughing cycle, the direction of the cutting mode must
be selected by the command G81 or G82.
G81
X+
X+
G82
Z+
longitudinal mode with G81
Z+
transverse mode with G82
The sequence name must be named NLAP with a number from 1 to 9. The sequence name, for example
NLAP7 and the command G81 or G82 must be programmed in a separate NC-block without a number of this
NC-block.
start of contour definition: NLAP1
contour description
end of contour definition: G80
136
N005
N005
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
NLAP1 G82
G0 X102 Z-30
G1 G41 X100 Z-29
G1 X96 Z-27
G01 Z-012.000 X+096.000
G02 Z-008.464 X+078.929 K-000.000 I-005.000
G01 Z-012.000 X+071.858
X20
G1 X10 A315
Z-2
X4 Z1
G40
G80
6.2 Survey
Subsequently, the NLAP functions for the control OKUMA are listed. The availability of the LAP-functions
varies according to control series. For the LAP-function the following G-codes are used:
G80
end of contour definition
G81
start of contour definition in longitudinal direction
G82
start of contour definition in transverse direction
G84
change of rough conditions
G85
bar turning rough cut cycle
G86
contouring rough cut cycle
G87
finish cut cycle
G88
continous thread cutting cycle
6.3 Bar Turning Rough Cut Cycle G85

Command:
G85
Function:
The command G85 serves to program a straight (parallel to the X- or to the Z-axis)
roughing cycle.
NC-Block:
G85 NLAP1 D... F... U... W... G84
Optional Addresses:
G85
NLAP1
sequence name (NLAP1 to NLAP9) in the first block of contour

definition blocks
depth of cut in rough cut cycle
stock removal in finish cycle in X- direction
stock removal in finish cycle in Z- direction
G84
change of rough conditions
X+
X+
Z+

Note:
MTS GmbH Berlin
Z+
It is not allowed to program S, T or M commands in the same NC-block.

If U and/or W is not specified, the value O is assumed.
The values for U and W must be positive or zero.
137
Chapter 5
Programming example for G85 calls (excerpt) :

N205
G00 Xt Zt
move to the tool change position
N210
G00 Xs Zs S T M
N215
G85 NLAP1 D F U W
$ G84 Xa= Da= Fa=
Xb= Db= Fb=
....
(change the tool)

move to the starting point for rough cut cycle and
(program spindle speed and rotation direction)
call for rough cut cycle
(change cutting conditions on point a)
(change cutting conditions on point b
N220
Tool path for longitudinal rough cut cycle:

Tool change position
Xt;Zt
Starting point of AP
Xs;Zs
D/2
DA
DA/2
DB
DB/2
138
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following chess figure with the G85 longitudinal LAP-function.
MTS GmbH Berlin
139
Chapter 5
PART
CYLINDER D060.000 L104.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
INTERN. THREADING TOOL POSTAX
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z196
O10085
NLAP1 G81
N005
G42 G0 X6 Z2
N010
G1 X8 Z0
N015
G76 X20 L-5
N020
G76 Z-20 L3
N025
G76 X40 L-5
N030
G3 Z-29.076 K0 I-5
N035
G1 X20 A215.86
N040
G76 Z-50 L5
N045
G75 X40 L-2
140
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
G1 Z-60
G1 X20 A225
G76 Z-80 L5
G75 X60 L-2
G1 Z-83
X62
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S200
G50 S3000
G0 X62 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X62 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.6 W0.2 F0.3
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N145
N150
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
141
Chapter 5
Exercise:
Create an NC-program for the following candle stand with the G85 longitudinal LAP-function.
142

PART
CYLINDER D035.000 L065.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT THREADING TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-08.00/075/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/4.50 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z157
O10185
NLAP1 G81
N005
G42 G0 X6 Z2
N005
G1 X10 Z0
N010
G75 X16.6 L-3.3
N015
G1 Z-9
N020
X22.2 Z-16.6
N025
G3 X28.2 Z-19.6 L3
N030
G1 Z-25 X28.2
N035
G2 Z-26.5 X31.2 I1.5 K0
N040
G1 Z-31.5
N045
G1 X29.2 Z-32
N050
Z-36
N055
X37
N060
G40
N065
G80
N070
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N075
G96 S160
N080
G50 S3000
MTS GmbH Berlin
143
Chapter 5
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
G0 X37 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
T090909 M3 M42 M63 F0.12
G97 S1900
G0 X0 Z3
G1 Z-6 M8
G0 Z5 M9
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T070707 M3 M42 M63
G97 S1200
G0 Z3
X0 M8
G74 X0 Z-28 D15 E1 F0.22
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N180
N185
N190
N195
G0 X500
Z500 M5 M9
T040404 M3 M42 M63 F0.3
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X37 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T020202 M3 M42 M63
144
N200
N205
N210
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N215
N220
N225
N230
N235
N240
N245
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63

G50 S1500
G0 X37 Z-35
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9 M5
M30
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
145
Chapter 5
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following pressure pin with the G85 transverse LAP-function.
146
PART
CYLINDER D100.000 L060.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
CL-MVJCR-KITA/R/1604 IS030
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z152
O20082
NLAP1 G82
N005
G41 G0 X102 Z-30
N005
G1 X100 Z-29
N010
G1 X96 Z-27
N015
G01 Z-012.000 X+096.000
N020
N025
N030
N035
G02 Z-008.464 X+078.929 K-000.000 I-005.000

G01 Z-012.000 X+071.858
X20
G1 X10 A315
MTS GmbH Berlin
147
Chapter 5
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
Z-2
X4 Z1
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S200
G50 S3000
G0 X102 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S160 T010101 M3 M42 M63
G50 S3000
G0 X102 Z1
G85 NLAP1 D3 U0.4 W0.2 F0.3
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T010101 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N130
N135
G0 X500 Z500 M9 M5
M2
Finished part:
148
6.4 Contouring Rough Cut Cycle G86

Command:
G86
Function:
The command G86 serves to program a contouring rough cut cycle. In this way the
G86 command can be employed to effect a contouring cycle, e.g. in the machining
of pre-fabricated blanks.
NC-Block:
G86 NLAP1 D... F... U... W...
Optional Addresses:
G86
NLAP1

definition blocks
depth of cut in rough cut cycle
X+
X+
Z+
Z+

Note:
MTS GmbH Berlin
It is not allowed to program S, T or M commands in the same NC-block.

149
Chapter 5
Example:
Create an NC-program for the following figure with the G86 longitudinal LAP-function by using the prefabricated blank.
150
Pre-fabricated blank

PART
GEOMETRY
MTS GmbH Berlin
X+038.000 Z+146.200
G03 X+028.000 Z+151.200 I+000.000 K+005.000
G01 X+028.000 Z+153.160
G03 X+028.152 Z+153.394 I+000.400 K-000.001
G01 X+048.000 Z+167.124
G01 X+048.000 Z+171.200
G02 X+038.000 Z+176.200 I-005.000 K+000.000
G01 X+034.000 Z+176.200
G03 X+028.000 Z+179.200 I+000.000 K+003.000
G01 X+028.000 Z+191.200
G02 X+020.800 Z+196.000 I-005.000 K+000.000
G01 X+000.000 Z+196.000
G01 X+000.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+092.500
G01 X+060.000 Z+116.200
G01 X+038.000 Z+116.200
G03 X+028.000 Z+121.200 I+000.000 K+005.000
G01 X+028.000 Z+126.034
G03 X+028.234 Z+126.317 I+000.400 K+000.000
G01 X+048.000 Z+136.200
G01 X+048.000 Z+144.200
G01 X+044.000 Z+146.200
G01 X+038.000 Z+146.200
M30
DENSITY 002.70
151
Chapter 5

TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T02
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
ER-SGTFR-2012/R/03.0-0 ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z196
O10086
N005
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
152
NLAP1 G81
G42 G0 X6 Z2
G1 X8 Z0
G76 X20 L-5
G76 Z-20 L3
G76 X40 L-5
G3 Z-29.076 K0 I-5
G1 X20 A215.86
G76 Z-50 L5
G75 X40 L-2
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
G1 Z-60
G1 X20 A225
G76 Z-80 L5
G75 X60 L-2
G1 Z-83
X62
G40
G80
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63

G96 S200
G50 S3000
G0 X62 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X16 Z2
G86 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 W0.2 F0.3
N125
N130
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63
MTS GmbH Berlin
153
Chapter 5
N135
N140
G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N145
N150
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M2
Finished part:
154
6.5 Finish Cut Cycle G87

Command:
G87
finish cut cycle
Function:
The command G85 serves to program a cycle to finish the contour.
NC-Block:
G85 NLAP1 U... W...
Optional Addresses:
G87
finish cut cycle
NLAP1

definition blocks
X+
X+
Z+
Z+

Note:
It is not allowed to program F, S, T or M commands in the same NC-block.

If no feedrate in the contour definition is specified, the feedrate before the NC-block
with the G87 is active.
Programming example for G87 calls (excerpt) :
N205
G00 Xt Zt
move to the tool change position
N210
G00 Xs Zs S T M
N215
N220
G87 NLAP6 U W
....
(change the tool)

move to the starting point for finish cut cycle and
(program spindle speed and rotation direction)
call for finish cut cycle
MTS GmbH Berlin
155
Chapter 7
7 Workshop-Oriented Programming
7.1 Introduction
According to the Standard ISO 6983, a workpart contour is programmed with the commands "G01" (linear
interpolation), "G02" (circular interpolation, clockwise) or "G03" (circular interpolation, counter-clockwise), and
by defining the coordinates of the target point or center of a circle, respectively. Considering this, the
definition of contours which cannot be measured according to NC standards might require extensive
calculation.
Modern CNC control systems as well as the CNC Simulator feature additional commands for segment
contour programming allowing the integration of data with reference to length, angles and radii, as well as
tangential transition conditions. Consequently it is possible to program many contours without additional
calculations.
The "Workshop Oriented Programming", abbreviated "WOP" stands for a programming interface for CNC
technologies worked out (even if not standardized) by the German Federal Ministry of Research and
Technology within the framework of one of its projects. With this method, data entry takes place with function
keys only, and with the help of a program dialogue. Parallel to the data entry, the workpart geometry is
graphically displayed in a fashion similar to a CAD program and, if several solutions are possible, all solution
options are presented for selection.
Blank
Programmed contour
Last created NC block
Function keys
Figure 28
WOP Interface for CNC Milling
Frequently, the entered parameter values result in several possible variants of the contour segment being
programmed. In such cases the WOP Interface switchs to the Alternative Selections menu to enable you for
the selection of the desired contour alternative.
The change into the Alternative Selections takes place automatically, and you cannot continue programming
until after having selected one contour variant, or until after canceled the current programming session.
Please note that the Alternative Selection menu displays solutions that are mathematically possible,
irrespective of the fact that the solution might not be feasible from the technical or logical point of view.
156
Workshop-Oriented Programming
7.2 Example
The candlestick of the drawing is to be manufactured as individual workpart on a CNC turning machine.
Create an NC-program and save it under the name KERZHALT.
Use the WOP (Workshop Oriented Programming) for programming the contour.
The starting point of the outside contour is on the right side.
blank
45mm x 120mm
material
AlMg1
candlestick
WORK PLAN
Machining Sequence
Tool
Tool Name
face turning
04
LEFT CORNER TOOL

drilling
03
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL

DI-17.00/041/R/HMT ISO30
outside contour roughing
02
LEFT CORNER TOOL

inside contour roughing
05

BI-SVQBR-1010/R/0702 ISO30
inside contour finishing
11

outside contour finishing
01
LEFT CORNER TOOL

parting-off
08
RECESSING TOOL
MTS GmbH Berlin
157
Chapter 7
candlestick
158
Setting-up the CNC machine

After starting, the MTS-simulator is automatically set-up with blank, clamping and turret allocation. If the
following set-up data does not conform with the current set-up data, then it must be changed in the set-up
operation.
set-up sheet
CONFIGURATION
MACHINE OKUMA LB15
CONTROL OSP5020L
PART
CYLINDER D045.000 L120.000
DENSITY 002.70
CHUCK KFD-HS 130
STEP JAW HM-110_130-01.000
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T04
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T08
T11
TOOL COMPENSATION
D01
D02
D03
D04
D05
D08
D11
MTS GmbH Berlin
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
RECESSING TOOL
DI-17.00/041/R/HMT ISO30
R000.400 X+070.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400

R000.400 X+070.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
R000.000 X+000.000 Z+146.000 G017.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
R000.400 X+060.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E005.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
R000.200 X-011.010 Z+170.000 G000.000 E052.000 I+000.200 K-000.200
R000.200 X+067.000 Z+040.300 G003.000 E000.000 I-000.200 K-000.200
R000.200 X-010.744 Z+170.000 G000.000 E037.500 I+000.200 K-000.200
159
Chapter 7
NC programming
Before using the WOP programming create a new NC program named KERZHALT, set up the simulator and
program with the editor the first NC blocks.
Do the following steps:
1. call the editor
(set up the simulator if necessary)
2. program the first NC blocks
3. create the contour with WOP
4. complete the NC program with the editor
1) Call the editor.

Description
Entry
a. Call CNC milling in the main menu.
F1 (Turning)
b. Select the CNC editor.
F1 (CNC-Editor)
c. Select a program or create a new one.
or
select a program or write
KERZHALT for the new NC program, with
F1 (Edit program) confirm

2) Program the first NC blocks.
$G54 Z207
O20022
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
N015
G96 S180
N020
G50 S3500
N025
G0 X46 Z0
N030
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
N035
Z2
N040
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N045
T030303 G97 S1100 M3 M42 M63
N050
G0 Z3
N055
X0 M8
N060
G74 X0 Z-40 D8 E1 F0.22 L0
N065
G0 X500
N070
Z500 M9
N075
T020202 M3 M42 M63
N080
G96 S180
N085
G50 S3500
N090
G0 X46 Z2 M8
N095
G85 NLAP1 D3 U0.4 F0.25

NLAP1 G81
N105
G0 G42 X37.569 Z4
N110
G1 X37.569 Z-2 M8
160
3) Create the contour.

Select the WOP menu .
F5 (WOP)
Begin the contour description.
F1 (Create contour)
1. Select the contour entity right arc.

NOTE: Dont confirm with
arrow keys
or
F3 (arc right) and enter the following values:
, use the
-22.4
for jumping over
77.777
the not used fields.
confirm with
F8 (term. input)
NC block: G72 K-22.4 I+77.777 O70
2. Select the contour entity tangential left arc.
F6 (arc left tangentl.) enter the following value:

B
39.7 and confirm with
F8 (term. input)
NC block: G73 B+39.7 O000
3. Select the contour entity tangential right arc.
F4 (arc right tangentl.) enter the following values:

B
17.092
-75
60.8
confirm with
F8 (term. input)
NC block: G72 K-75 I+60.8 O70 B17.092 O000
4. Select the contour entity line.
F1 (line), enter the following values:

Ze
-96
Xe
44.413
AW 180
change between the two solutions with
F1 (alternative), select the desired solution with

F2 (select) and confirm with
F8 (term. input)
NC block:
Terminate the WOP menu .
G71 A180 Z-96 X+44.413
F8 (end of menu)
F8 (WOP END)
MTS GmbH Berlin
161
Chapter 7
4) Program the following NC blocks.

After leaving the WOP system NC blocks with G01, G02 or G03 commands are generated:
N120
G02 Z-035.343 X+026.675 K-022.400 I+077.770 O070
N125
G03 Z-068.465 X+029.213 K-017.942 I-035.414
N130
G02 Z-090.000 X+044.413 K-006.535 I+015.793
N135
G01 Z-096.000 X+044.413
Complete the NC program with the lasts NC blocks.

N140
X46
N145
G40
N150
G80
N155
X500 Z500 M9
N160
T050505 G96 S180 M42 M3 M63
N165
G50 S3500
N170
G0 X16 Z3 M8
N175
G85 NLAP2 D3 U-.4 F.22

NLAP2 G81
N185
G0 G41 X40 Z3 M8
N190
G1 X37.569 Z0
N195
G2 X17.577 Z-22.4 K-22.4 I20.1
N200
G1 Z-40
N205
X16
N210
G40
N215
G80
N220
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N225
T111111 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
N230
G50 S4000
N235
G0 X16 Z3 M8
N240
G87 NLAP2 U.0 F0.1
N245
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N250
T010101 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
N255
G50 S4500
N260
G0 X46 Z2 M8
N265
G87 NLAP1 U.0 F0.07
N270
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N275
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
N280
G50 S1500
N285
G0 X46 Z-96.8
N290
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
N295
G0 X50
N300
X500 Z500 M9
N305
M30
162
Solution:
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N105
N110
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
N220
N225
N230
N235
N240
N245
N250
N255
N260
N265
N270
N275
N280
N285
N290
N295
N300
N305
$G54 Z207
O20022
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G96 S180
G50 S3500
G0 X46 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
Z2
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T030303 G97 S1100 M3 M42 M63
G0 Z3
X0 M8
G74 X0 Z-40 D8 E1 F0.22 L0
G0 X500
Z500 M9
T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S180
G50 S3500
G0 X46 Z2 M8
G85 NLAP1 D3 U0.4 F0.25
NLAP1 G81
G0 G42 X37.569 Z4
G1 X37.569 Z-2 M8
(WOP-PROGRAMING)
G02 Z-035.343 X+026.675 K-022.400 I+077.770 O070
G03 Z-068.465 X+029.213 K-017.942 I-035.414
G02 Z-090.000 X+044.413 K-006.535 I+015.793
G01 Z-096.000 X+044.413
X46
G40
G80
X500 Z500 M9
T050505 G96 S180 M42 M3 M63
G50 S3500
G0 X16 Z3 M8
G85 NLAP2 D3 U-.4 F.22
NLAP2 G81
G0 G41 X40 Z3 M8
G1 X37.569 Z0
G2 X17.577 Z-22.4 K-22.4 I20.1
G1 Z-40
X16
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T111111 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X16 Z3 M8
G87 NLAP2 U.0 F0.1
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T010101 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4500
G0 X46 Z2 M8
G87 NLAP1 U.0 F0.07
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X46 Z-96.8
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
MTS GmbH Berlin
163
Chapter 7
7.3 Exercise
The outside contour of the handle is to be manufactured as individual workpart on a CNC turning machine.
Create an NC-program and save it under the name GRIFFWOP.
Use the WOP (Workshop Oriented Programming) for programming the contour.
The starting point of the contour is the center of the right side.
blank
90mm x 112mm
material
AlMg1
handle
WORK PLAN
Machining Sequence
Tool
Tool Name
face turning
04
LEFT CORNER TOOL

CL-SDJCR-2020/R/1204 ISO30
outside contour roughing
02
LEFT CORNER TOOL

outside contour finishing
01
LEFT CORNER TOOL

164
handle
MTS GmbH Berlin
165
Chapter 7
1) Program the first NC blocks.

$G54 Z222
O10200
N010
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63 F0.25
N015
G50 S3000
N020
G0 X97 Z0
N025
G1 X-1 M8
N030
G0 Z2
N035
X500 Z500 M9
N040
T020202 M3 M42 M63 G96 S160
N045
G50 S3000
N050
G0 X97 Z4
N055
G85 NLAP1 D3 U0.6 F0.3

NLAP1 G81
N065
G0 G42 X0 Z4
N070
G1 X0 Z0 M8
2) Create the contour with WOP.

After leaving the WOP system NC blocks with G01, G02 or G03 commands are generated:
N080
G03 Z-018.126 X+029.341 K-015.000 I+000.000 O070
N085
G02 Z-073.521 X+030.838 K-026.051 I+122.255
N090
G02 Z-084.400 X+051.600 K+003.521 I+014.581
N095
G03 Z-088.332 X+058.648 K-004.800 I-001.400
N100
G01 Z-090.868 X+059.543
N105
G02 Z-095.000 X+069.391 K+000.868 I+004.924
3) Program the following NC blocks.

N110
G01 Z-095.000 X+086.000
N115
G01 Z-097.000 X+090.000
N120
G01 Z-098.000 X+090.000
N125
X92
N130
G40
N135
G80
N140
G0 X500 Z500 M9
N145
T010101 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
N150
G50 S4500
N155
G0 X92 Z4
N160
G87 NLAP1 U0 F0.1
N165
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
N170
M30
166
Solution:
PART
CYLINDER D090.000 L112.000
DENSITY 002.70
STEP JAW HM-160_200-02.002
Right side of the part: Z+222.500
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL T04
TOOLS
T01 LEFT CORNER TOOL
CL-SDJCR-2020/R/1204 ISO30
N010
N015
N020
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N065
N070
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
$G54 Z222
O10200
G0 X500 Z500 T040404 G96 S180 M3 M42 M63 F0.25
G50 S3000
G0 X97 Z0
G1 X-1 M8
G0 Z2
X500 Z500 M9
T020202 M3 M42 M63 G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X97 Z4
G85 NLAP1 D3 U0.6 F0.3
NLAP1 G81
G0 G42 X0 Z4
G1 X0 Z0 M8
(WOP-PROGRAMING)
G03 Z-018.126 X+029.341 K-015.000 I+000.000 O070
G02 Z-073.521 X+030.838 K-026.051 I+122.255
G02 Z-084.400 X+051.600 K+003.521 I+014.581
G03 Z-088.332 X+058.648 K-004.800 I-001.400
G01 Z-090.868 X+059.543
G02 Z-095.000 X+069.391 K+000.868 I+004.924
G01 Z-095.000 X+086.000
G01 Z-097.000 X+090.000
G01 Z-098.000 X+090.000
X92
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 M9
T010101 G96 S300 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4500
G0 X92 Z4
G87 NLAP1 U0 F0.1
G0 X500 Z500 M5 M9
M30
MTS GmbH Berlin
167
8 Examples and Exercises

8.1 Pawn:
Chess figure Pawn of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 40 x 130 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes
as a medium size production lot.
Follow the subsequent steps for generating the NC-program:

1. Work out a work plan.
2. Work out a set-up sheet.
3. Manufacture the Pawn on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
4. Test and modify the production run.
5. For contour description use the LAP function as well as the commands G75
and G76.
6. Generate a 3D representation.
168
I. Examples and Exercises
MTS GmbH Berlin
169

PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L085.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T08
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
170
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z177
O10022
NLAP1 G81
N002
G0 G42 X0 Z2
N005
G1 X0 Z0
N010
G76 X12 L-4
N015
G1 Z-5
N020
X7 Z-10
N025
G2 X11 Z-12 L2
N030
G1 X16
N035
Z-16
N040
X10 Z-22
N045
Z-26
N050
X14 Z-35
N055
X23 Z-41
N060
Z-43
N065
G3 X35 Z-49 L6
N070
G1 Z-51
N075
X31 Z-56
N080
G3 X35 Z-58 L2
N085
G1 Z-59.5
N090
X32 Z-61
N095
Z-63
N100
X42
N105
G40
N110
G80
g
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63

G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X42 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X42 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
171
N155
N160
N165
N170
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z2
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
g
N175
N180
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-63
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
172
MTS GmbH Berlin
173
8.2 Bishop:
Chess figure Bishop of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 40 x 105 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes

3. Manufacture the Bishop on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
and G76.
174
MTS GmbH Berlin
175

PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L105.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T08
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
176
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z197
O10021
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X0 Z1
N005
G1 X0 Z0
N010
G3 X8 Z-4 I0 K-4
N015
G3 X5 Z-7.122 L4
N020
G1 X14 Z-31
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
G2 X20 Z-34 L3
G1 X20 Z-36
X11 Z-43
G2 X19 Z-47 L4
G1 Z-49
G1 X15 Z-52
X17 Z-56
X23 Z-61
Z-63
G76 X35 L-6
G1 Z-71
X31 Z-76
G3 X35 Z-78 L2
G1 Z-79.5
X32 Z-81
Z-83
X42
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X42 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X42 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
177
N160
N165
N170
N175
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z2
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N180
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-83
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
178
MTS GmbH Berlin
179
8.3 Knight:
Chess figure Knight of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 40 x 100 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes

3. Manufacture the Knight on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
and G76.
180
MTS GmbH Berlin
181

PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L100.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T08
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
182
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
RECESSING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
ER-SGTFL-KITA/L/04.0-0 ISO30
DI-20.00/045/R/HMT ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z192
O10025
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X0 Z2
N010
G01 Z+000.000 X+000.917
N015
G03 Z-000.503 X+002.402 K-000.800 I+000.000
N020
G01 Z-005.000 X+006.000
N025
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
G01 Z-014.697 X+022.485

G03 Z-015.340 X+023.413 K-003.238 I-003.810
G01 Z-026.876 X+037.420
G03 Z-030.663 X+036.306 K-001.557 I-002.564
G01 Z-038.000 X+020.000
X15 Z-51
G02 X21 Z-54 L3
G76 X23 L-0.8
G1 Z-58
G03 X35 Z-64 L6
G1 Z-66
X31 Z-71
G03 X35 Z-73 L2
G1 Z-74.5
X32 Z-76
Z-79
X42
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X42 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X42 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D3.5 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
183
N160
N165
N170
N175
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z2
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N180
N185
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-78
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
184
MTS GmbH Berlin
185
8.4 Queen:
Chess figure Queen of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 45 x 120 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes

3. Manufacture the Queen on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
and G76.
186
MTS GmbH Berlin
187

PART
CYLINDER D045.000 L120.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
188
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z212
O10020
NLAP1 G81
N005
G42 G0 X6 Z2
N005
G1 X6 Z0
N010
G76 X10 L-1
N015
G1 Z-2
N020
X5 Z-12
N025
X20 Z-16
N030
N035
N040
N045
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
X10 Z-31
X19 Z-33
Z-35
G3 X25 Z-38 L3
G1 Z-40
X15 Z-48
G76 X19 L-1
G1 Z-50
X15 Z-54
Z-60
X24 Z-70
Z-74
G3 X40 Z-82 L8
G1 Z-84
X36 Z-90
G3 X40 Z-92 L2
G1 Z-94.5
X37 Z-96
Z-98
X46
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X47 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X46 Z2
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
189
N180
N185
N190
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63

G50 S4000
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
N220
N225
N230
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X47 Z-98
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
190
MTS GmbH Berlin
191
8.5 Tower:
Chess figure Tower of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 40 x 100 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes

3. Manufacture the Tower on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
and G76.
192
MTS GmbH Berlin
193

PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L095.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T08
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
194
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
RECESSING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
DI-20.00/045/R/HMT ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/1.50 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z187
O10023
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X12 Z3
N010
G1 X15 Z0
N010
G76 X25 L-1
N015
G1 Z-14
N020
X20 Z-19
N025
Z-47
N030
X24 Z-49
N035
X23 Z-51
N040
Z-53
N045
G3 X35 Z-59 L6
N050
N055
N060
N065
N070
N075
N080
N085
N090
N095
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N125
N130
N135
N140
N145
N150
N155
G1 Z-61
X31 Z-66
G3 X35 Z-68 L2
G1 Z-69.5
X32 Z-71
Z-73
X42
G40
G80
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63
G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X42 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
G0 X42 Z3
G85 NLAP1 D3.5 U0.4 F0.25
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z3
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
MTS GmbH Berlin
195
N160
N165
N170
G96 S200 T030303 M3 M42 M63

G50 S3000
CALL O2300
N175
N180
N185
N190
G97 S1000 T050505 M3 M42 M63

G0 Z3
X0 M8
G74 X0 Z-8 D4 E1
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
N220
N225
N230
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X42 Z-73
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
196
subprogram
O2300
N10
G0 X26 Z-8
N15
G1 X23 F0.1 M8
N20
G0 X26
N25
Z-26
N30
X21
N35
G1 X18
N40
G0 X21
N45
Z-41
N50
G1 X18
N55
G0 X500
N60
Z500 M9
N65
RTS
Finished part:
MTS GmbH Berlin
197
8.6 King:
Chess figure King of AlMg1 aluminium, blank with 40 x 130 mm (bar) is to be machined on a CNC lathes

3. Manufacture the King on the MTS-Simulator with adjusted Okuma lathe and
OPS5020L control.
and G76.
198
MTS GmbH Berlin
199

PART
CYLINDER D040.000 L130.000
DENSITY 002.70
TAILSTOCK
CURRENT TOOL
T01
TOOLS
T01
T02
T03
T04
T05
T06
T07
T08
T09
T10
T11
T12
ACCURATE OFFSET
200
LEFT CORNER TOOL

LEFT CORNER TOOL
FRONT GROOVING TOOL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
TWIST DRILL
RECESSING TOOL
CENTER DRILL
LEFT CORNER TOOL
REVERSIBLE TIP DRL
RA-MBS-E5N-2.5/16/040-050/R ISO30
TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.00 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
CL-MVJCL-2020/L/1604 IS030
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
Solution:
NC-program
$G54 Z222
O10120
NLAP1 G81
N005
G0 G42 X0 Z4
N005
G1 X0 Z0
N010
G76 X8 L-1
N015
G1 X4 Z-7
N020
G76 X15 L-1
N025
G1 Z-16
N030
X20 Z-20
N035
X9 Z-35
N040
X30 Z-38
N045
G1 X12 Z-48
N050
G3 X18 Z-51 L3
N055
G1 X14 Z-55
N060
G1 Z-56
N065
G1 X11 Z-58
N070
X14 Z-60
N075
Z-63
N080
X11 Z-64
N085
X14 Z-66
N090
G1 Z-68
N095
G1 X22 Z-79
N100
Z-81
N105
G76 X39 L-8
N110
G1 Z-91
N115
X35 Z-97
N120
G3 X39 Z-99 L2
N125
G1 Z-102
N130
X38 Z-102.5
N135
Z-105
N140
X42
N145
G40
N150
G80
N155
N160
N165
N170
N175
G0 X500 Z500 T020202 M3 M42 M63

G96 S160
G50 S3000
G0 X47 Z0
G1 X-1 F0.15 M8
MTS GmbH Berlin
201
N180
N185
G0 X42 Z4
G85 NLAP1 D6 U0.4 F0.25
N190
N195
N200
N205
N210
N215
N220
N225
N230
N235
N240
N245
N250
N255
N260
N265
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S280 T040404 M3 M42 M63
G50 S4000
G0 X42 Z4
G87 NLAP1 U0 W0
G0 X500 Z500 M9
G96 S100 T080808 M3 M42 M63
G50 S1500
G0 X20 Z-16
G73 X5 Z-12 K2.5 D4 L10 E0.1
G0 X44
Z-105.5
G1 X2 F0.1 M8
G0 X50
X500 Z500 M9
M30
Finished part:
202

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CNC-Turning

MTS TeachWare Students Book

MTS Mathematisch Technische Software-Entwicklung GmbH Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 101 D-10553 Berlin

2 Coordinate systems and Zero point shifts .................................................................26

3 NC commands for programming OKUMA 5020 L...................................................33

MTS GmbH Berlin

4 Compound Fixed Cycles.............................................................................................. 99

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

6 Lathe Auto - Programming Function LAP.................................................................136

7 Workshop-Oriented Programming ............................................................................156

8 Examples and Exercises ............................................................................................168

MTS GmbH Berlin

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

1 Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

a personal computer with a hard disk and diskette drive,

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.1.1 CNC turning machine

The work part can be clamped by using:

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

Left handed corner cutter

Circular tip turning tool

Boring tool (postaxial)

Boring tool (preaxial)

External recessing tool

Inside recessing tool (postaxial)

Inside recessing tool (preaxial)

Axial recessing tool

Right handed threading tool

Left handed threading tool

Available tools in the CNC-Simulator

MTS GmbH Berlin

Inside threading tool (preaxial)

Insert boring tool

Available tools in the CNC-Simulator

1.1.2 CNC control

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

1.1.3 Collision monitoring

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.2 Operating modes

1.2.1 Setup mode

definition of the blank,

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.2.2 Programming Mode

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.2.3 Automatic mode

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

1.3 Screen representation and manipulation

1.3.1 System start

The function key F1 launches the CNC Turning Simulators

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.3.2 Screen representation

MTS TeachWare CNC-Turning Students Book

Introduction into working with the CNC simulator turning

1.3.3 Menu structure

MTS GmbH Berlin

1.3.4 Data management

Use the cursor keys