Professional Documents
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PLC
Scan Cycle
Introduction
Input /
Output
Functional
Blocks
PLC
PLC
Mechanical
Design
Internal
Architecture &
Memory
Programming
Timers
Counters
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Comparison between relay logic, solid state logic, PLC:
Relay Logic
PLC
Slower speed
Fast speed
Fast speed
Moving parts
No moving parts
No moving parts
No sparks, safer
No sparks, safer
Slow to design
Slow to design
Difficult to modify
Difficult to modify
Easy to modify
INTRODUCTION
Comparison between relay logic, solid state logic, PLC:
INTRODUCTION
Normally Open (NO) Normally Closed (NC) contact:
Contact
Symbol
State
De-energized
Energized
N.O.
OPEN
(Switch OFF)
CLOSED
(Switch ON)
N.C.
CLOSED
(Switch ON)
OPEN
(Switch OFF)
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS
MECHANICAL DESIGN
Single Box
MECHANICAL DESIGN
PLC Programmer
Hand-held
PC
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INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
SCAN CYCLE
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SCAN CYCLE
Scan Cycle
Input Scan
Program Scan
Stating from the program first rung till the last rung.
The processor continuously keep the Output Image
Table up to date.
The execution time depends on the program length,
complexity of the instructions and CPU technical
features.
Output Scan
INPUT OUTPUT
Input/Output unit
provides the interface
between input devices
(sensors, switches, push
buttons), output devices
(motors, solenoids) and
CPU.
Provides signal
conditioning and isolation
functions.
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INPUT OUTPUT
Optoisolator.
Provides electrical isolation from the external world.
How it works?
Enable a wide range of input voltages 5Vdc, 24Vdc.
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INPUT OUTPUT
DC input circuit.
Provides electrical isolation from the external
world.
Converts incoming 5Vdc, 24Vdc to 5Vdc for CPU.
How it works?
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INPUT OUTPUT
AC input circuit.
Provides electrical isolation from the external world.
Converts incoming 110Vac, 240Vac to 5Vdc for CPU.
How it works?
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INPUT OUTPUT
Output Modules
Relay Type
Transistor Type
Triac Type
Provides mechanical
isolation
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming Languages
LAD Ladder Diagram
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming
Languages
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
LAD
FBD
STL
LD I40.0
OR Q43.1
ANI I40.1
OUT
END
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Latching.
A program to hold an
output energized, even
when the input condition is
removed.
START
I40.0
STOP
I40.1
Q43.0
Q43.0
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TIMERS
Timers.
A program used to control timing
operation.
Example applications.
, , ,
Types of timers.
Pulse timer.
On-delay timer.
Off-delay timer.
TIMERS
Types of timers:
Timer operation:
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TIMERS
Application:
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COUNTERS
Counters.
A counter allows a number of
occurrences of input signals to be
counted.
Example applications.
, , ,
Types of counters.
Down-counter.
Up-counter.
COUNTERS
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COUNTERS
Application:
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THANK YOU
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