TERMS

1. Stadia System
- In this systems staff intercepts, at a pair of stadia hairs present at diaphragm, are
considered.
2. Tangential System
- In this method, readings at two different points on a staff are taken against the
horizontal cross hair and corresponding vertical angles are noted.
3. Subtense bar System
- In this method, a bar of fixed length, called a subtense bar is placed in horizontal
position. The angle subtended by two target points, corresponding to a fixed distance on
the subtense bar, at the instrument station is measured. The horizontal distance between
the subtense bar and the instrument is computed from the known distance between the
targets and the measured horizontal angle.
4. Wedge Optic or Double Image system
a specially designed theodolite used in conjunction with the measuring device placed in
front of the telescope, directed to a special staff and a set of measurements can be made
for distance calculations.
5. EDM System
EDM tools or Total Station is used to observe to details of where the stake (pole)
equipped with prism in use for the target.

PROCEDURE

a) Vertical Control
i)
ii)
iii)

Pegs area planning was marked as a work station.Distance between every station
more than 30 m.
Levelling equipment was set up between station 1 and 2 forget the
back sight reading.
After that, the front sight and transfer to another station was get until the last
point marks.

b) Horizontal control
i)

Pegs area planning was marked as a work station. Distance between every station

ii)

more than 30 m.
Theodolite was set up and get back bearing 2-1 using prismatic compass at

iii)

station 2.
Set up back bearing at left handle and observe at station 3.Repeat same step but

iv)
v)

using right handle. Used theodolite to record data.

Theodolite and bearing was set up at station 3.Hold the bearing 3-2
and unHOLD to observe station 4. Repeat same step but use right handle.
Procedure was repeated until end.

c) Details Survey
i)

Station 1,2 and 3 as control station.

ii)

The staff was held at point a,b,c,d and e.

iii)

Angle a1 and a2 is an angle from references direction to pint staff hold. Where
the bearing set up there must be reference direction.

iv)

Theodolite was set up at station. Assume station 2 s begin station.Measure height

of instrument from pegs.

v)

The angle from station 3 to staff was get and repeat same procedure to get the
angle.

vi)

Observed the stadia reading from the staff,upper reading,middle reading and
lower reading.

vii)

The staff was transferred to another station where the details must be taken.

viii)

For measure the angle horizontal angle,staff reading and vertical angle reading
repeat the same step at (i).

ix)

Transfer the staff to next point.The observe must be complete until the entire
details plan taken.