PROJECT:

LOCATION:
NAME OF STRUCTURE:

TR-4
STA. 57+839
OVERPASS OP4

DESIGN OF APPROACH SLAB (SKEWED 55.18)

Filename: Approach SlabAbutment Approach Slab (OP4)

Input Data
a. Dimensions

3654

Length of approach slab

L
ts

3654 mm

Approach slab thickness

300 mm

Effective span length

2754 mm
S

b. Material data
fc '

28 MPa

Steel yield strength

fy

414 MPa

Density of concrete

Strength reduction factor

0.90

Diameter of main bar

db

20 mm

Ratio

0.85

Effective depth

240 mm

Clear concrete cover

cc

Width of member

1000 mm

1.384 m

7.200 kN/m

wDL

7.200 kN/m

0.30

P
OL

72.000 kN

1.25

PLL+I

84.523 kN

a. Dead load
MDL = wDL S2 / 8

MDL

6.826 kN m

b. Live load
MLL+I

MLL+I =

58.194 kN m

Concrete comp. strength

24 kN/m3

c. Design data

50 mm

Load Analysis
a. Distribution width (main reinforcement parallel to traffic)
E

1.219 + 0.06 S

<

2.100 m

b. Dead load (consider 1.0 m strip)

Slab

= 0.300 x

24

Total dead load

c. Live load
Impact factor

= 15.24 /

S + ###

= 0.387

Wheel load (HS 20-44)

Overload factor
PLL+I
Live load

= P (1 + I) OL / E

use

Design Moment

= PLL+I S / 4

c. Design ultimate moment

MU = 1.3 ( MDL

+ 1.67

MLL+I

MU

135.213 kN m

Required Reinforcement
a. Cracking moment
Modulus of rapture

fr

Moment of inertia

Ig

Distance
Cracking moment

yt
Mcr

= 0.623 fc'
= b ts3 / 12
= ts / 2
= fr Ig / yt

fr

Ig

yt

Mcr

49.449 MPa

1.2Mcr =

59.339 MPa

3.297 MPa
0.00225 m4
0.150 m

0.85 fc'

Minimum steel ratio

min

Balanced steel ratio

bal

Maximum steel ratio

max

= 0.75 bal

fy

1 -

2 (1.2Mcr)

0.00283

bal

0.02891

max

0.02169

b d2 (0.85 fc')

0.85 1 fc' 600

fy (600 + fy)

b. Bottom reinforcement (main longitudinal reinforcement)

MU
Rn =
Coefficient of resistance
b d2
0.85 fc'

2 Rn

2.608 MPa

Steel reinforcement ratio

Required steel area

AS

= bd

1605.5 mm2

Area of main bar

Ab

= 0.25 db2

314.2 mm2

Spacing of bars

sp

= Ab b / AS

Use 20 bottom bars spaced a

fy

150

mm center to center

0.85 fc'

AS sup =

0.00669

195.68 mm

2094.4 mm2

c. Distribution reinforcement
Distribution Reinforcement shall be placed transverse to the main steel reinforcement in the bottom of all
slabs to provide for the lateral distribution of concentrated live loads.
For main reinforcement parallel to traffic,
% distribution

% distribution

= ### /

50 %
S

use % distribution =
=

Size of distribution rebar

ddr

Area of one bar

Adr

201.1 mm2

sp

290 mm

Size of T/S rebar

dT/S

Area of one bar

ATS

113.1 mm2

AS T/S =
sp
=

264.6 mm2

Spacing of rebars

sp

= % distribution x AS sup

33.1 %

AS dr

Area of distribution bars

AS dr

= 33.1 %

= Adr b / AS dr

Use 16 distribution bars spaced at

694.1 mm2
16 mm

150 mm center to center

d. Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement

Minimum area for T/S reinforcement (1/8 in 2 per foot in each direction)
sp
Spacing of rebars
= ATS b / AS T/S
Use 12 temperature and shrinkage bars spaced at

300 mm center to center

12 mm

427 mm