Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NUMBER
SPE 4529
The
Isochronal
Testi.ng of Oi I Wells
By
This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum
Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-0ct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is
restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The
abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented.
Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLQGY or the SOCIETY OF
PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate
journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the
Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and,
with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.
ABSTRACT
= JI0
(- 2
PR - Pwf
2)n
SPE 4529
M. J. FETKOVICH
SPE L.'529
(2)
l"
q-~In\Ire) +S'J
Ib
(uB)
rw
(Pe -
Ib) ]
+ (~o)
dp
(6)
drawdown range
~s required to obta~n a constant
productivity index (PI).
Figure 3 illustrates plots of l/(u B ) for
two high pressure gas reservoirs. C~ gA was
obtained from calculations using the reservoir
gas analysis and standard correlations of Z and
u as functions of critical pressure and temp~rature. Curve B was obtained directly from a
PVT study. One striking feature of curve A is
the fact that it resembles that of an under-
7.0S kh
or
[(;;S)Pe;~
q
= J'
(pt,
"2
2
Pe'pt,
(~2_n,./) + (p"-~l
(8)
.(SA)
SPE 4529
(13)
2)n
- Pwf
(10)
_ J' ( 2
2) 1.0
qo - 0 Pe - Pwf
J'
0
( Pe2 - Pwf2)n
(11)
. q(UB)
m (p)
kro (S,p) dp
uB
I
o
.(14)
s + Dq
dS
q
dt = ~
2f1 rh!
dr
dc
dp
(15)
M. J. FETKOVICH
SPE 4529
.1135
q/ uZyt
.(16)
h k p Sclh
where Y is expressed as reservoir cubic feet of
condensate accumulation in the reservoir per
Msaf of full wellstream gas produced per psi,
=(k
- k )
2lre,a
In
(17)
k Scg rw
(18)
Equation 18 defines a rate and time dependent skin term that can give the appearance of
non-Darcy flow. The equation, although
approximate, gives a simple analytical expression with which to estimate the effects of two_
phase flow in the vicinity of the wellbore.
The significance of this effect in conden~te
wells has been demonstrated by others.14, ,16,
17. Eq. 18 has been used to successfully
analyze the results obtained from isochronal
tests on condensate wells. A significant portion of the skin was attributed to s(q,t).
s (g.t) FOR OIL WELLS
18
19
, Perr1ne
0
and Weller2 , an analogous behavior around the
wellbore has been shown to exist in an oil
well. Under constant rate production for
initially saturated solution-gas drive
reservoirs, their results show that the gas
saturation quickly builds up to the equilibrium
gas saturation (critical gas) and remains
constant at its equilibrium value. Its' radius
increases with time until the wells drainage
volume is above the critical gas saturation.
(See Fi~. 4) This ~as saturation build-up in
the vicinity of the wellbore is commonly
referred to as "gas block ll The corresronding
oil permeability redUctioh in this region is
In the studies of West et al
+ s + s (q,t) + Dq
(20)
and
- m
(p,
wf
)1
(I
14. 23 kit
In. )
2 + s + s (q,t) + Dq
(21)
i!(uct)i rw
After Ramey
22
, we can define
s'=s+Dq
and
sIr = S
(22)
(q, t) + Dq
SPE 4529
(23)
SPE 4.529
M. J. FETKOVICH
and
q(2) = JI
o
2
2
(rb - Pwf )
q(l) = JI
(Pe-%)
(24)
(26)
(2
% -
Pwf
2)
o'Pe'
Ib
(p -n) (25)
e '0
(measured) - q (1)
(27)
With the correct value of a bubble-point pre8sure, Pb' a plot of q(2) vs. (%2_PWf2) should
plot a straight line on either cartesian or a
log-log plot. On a log-log plot, the slope is
1.0 and the intercept JI.
o
SPE 4529
SPE 4529
M. J. FETKOVICH
?-Vd
)J.
or
k
= =-%
ro
(31)
PRi
qo
= J'oi (~)
%i
(- 2 _
Pwf
2)
(32)
qo - J oi
(~)
(- 2
PRi PR
2)n
- Pwf'
(33)
10
properties and relative permeability reLationships. The combined results of theoretical and
field studies indicate that multipoint tests are
as necessary for oil wells as for gas wells.
The fact that non-Darcy flow effects was found
to be significant in field tests suggests that
future theoretical computer studies need to
include a non-Darcy flow effect. The exact
nature of the non-Darcy flow and Reynolds number
for two-phase flow in terms of reservoir and
fluid variables needs further investigation.
To the author's knowledge, none of the weIll
included in this study were hydraulically
fractured,true radial flow was obtained. Further
field tests are needed to study the performance
curves of fractured wells. They can be
dominated by linear flow in the vicinity of the
wellbore, the region in which non-Darcy flow
should be most pronounced. West et al18 in
their study of linear and radial two-phase flow
point out that "The linear system does not
exhibit the constriction effects which were
observed in the radial system. 1I However, since
gas well and oil well tests have been shown
to exhibit similar behaviour and a significant
number of tests on hydraulically fractured
gas wells have been conducted without a breakdown in the log q vs. log ~(p2) relationship,
no real departure is expected for tests
conducted in hydraulically fractured oil wells.
All tests reported in this study were
taken at essentially one pressure level. A
change in slope of the portion of the backpressure curve, consisting of all flows at
drawdowns below the bubble-point pressure, can
be predicted with reservoir shut-in pressure
decline to the bubble-point pressure for
undersaturated reservoirs. Vogel's computer
results (not including a non-Darcy flow
effect) suggested a simple empirical reservoir
shut-in pressure ratio factor to establish a
single performanoe curve for both drawdown and
pressure depletion for a volumetric reservoir
without fluid injection. The nature of the
change in the well performance curve with
pressure depletion requires field study.
7. In some cases, it is possible to determine the bubble-point pressure of an undersaturated reservoir from multipoint tests when
a sufficient range of flow rates is taken.
8. Flow after flow tests or isochronal
tests on oil wells will yield the same performance curve in high permeability reservoirs.
9. With a single data point, a simple
empirical equation predicts flow rates as a
function of drawdown and pressure depletion for
wells in a volumetric solution-gas drive reservoir, (no fluid injection). Field verification
is obviously needed.
NOMENCLATURE
a
b
B
c
CONCLUSIONS
SPE 4529
J'
= productivit~
k
a
k
Darcy
= relative permeability to oil, fraction
ro
m(p) = pseudo-pressure, (See Eq. 14), psi/cpo
M. J. FETKOVICH
SPE 4529
n
-p
= exponent of
ba~k-pressure
curve
time, days
= reservoir temperature, oR
z
u
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to thank Phillips Petroleum Co.
for permission to publish this paper. The
support and assistance of numerous people
in our International Department is gratefully
acknowledged.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
27.
AIME (1942)
initial
oil
gas
~,
126.
5.
6.
7.
e.
9.
10.
11.
SUBSCRIPTS
i
11
267.
12
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
0 'Dell, H. G. and Miller, R. N.: "Successfully Cycling A Low Permeability, HighYield Gas Condensate Reservoir Jl , J. Pet.
Tech. (Jan., 1967) 41.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
SPE 4529
28.
APPENDIX
Equation 6
.l, !
lb
kro(S,p) dp
puB
wf
0
0
(pe-lb)l
+ ( u13)
, . (6)
0 0
A.
7.08 kh
[(Pa
- pwr)]
( l""""B
o ~n (::) + s] uo
B.
(A-l)
0 )
(A-2)
13
M. J. FETKOVICH
SPE 4529
b) Average pressure ~ is known
(Pxt
= shut-
in pressure)
A.
qo ~ [In(::)+k:
(A-3)
0) TRANSIENT FIDW
(uJ!o)Pe'%
B.
II
<
- <
'!Wo-Phase Flow: Pwf< %;a= % or %= %' and
S
A.
H::)
"0 B.
> S go
~P.
7.08 kh
sJ "wr
"oBo
[In(::) -
qo - [In(::) _ ~ +
.JL
Shut-in pressure)
qo -
(Pa =
~PR kro(S,p) dp
7.08 kh
H::J -t
+ .,]
pw!
"oBo
tt
C.
.(A-7)
c.
q =
(A-IO)
1.08 kh
~nG:)- t + sJ
uoBo
q0 =
[il\,
o
Fb or Pi> Pb
(A-8)
(A-H)
(UoBo)P ,%
R
L.08 kh
2
[ 1'14. 3 k1 t
(uot)i rw
(~-I\,)
kro (5,p) d p +.
In
dp
(Pa = Shut-
TRANSIENT FLOW
TRANSIENT FWd
kro(S,p)
u B
dp
Pwf
Pe kro(S,p) dp .(A-6)
"oBo
I\,
7.08 kh
~ + SIJ
:~~5,P)
J
[
(P - %)
+ (~o)Pe'%
(A-9)
7.08 kh
dp +
.(A-5)
~~.
(S,p)
ro
Uo B0
(p. - 1\,)
(A-4)
(S,p)
ro
u B
o
dp
sJ
(Pi -1\,)
+ (uB )
o
(A-12)
Pi'%
u B
SPE 1...529
7.08 kh
.(A-19
(A-13
(k
ro
00
7.08 kh
(A-20)
Pe-Pwf
(uoBo)avg
.(A-15)
Defining
7.08 kh
(A-21)
Ph
Pwf
Ph
f(p)dp
[a2 p + b 2 J dp.
then
q
( -P 2
JI
Pwf2)
(A-22)
.(A-16)
7.08 kh
Pwf
Pa for
Replacing Eb with
equation (PR ~ Pb)'
Jo
6p~o
7.08 kh
r
(A-24)
[In(r:J + Sl]
where a l or b l , if a l = 0, is simply (kro/uoBo)
evaluated at Pee
M. J. FETKOVICH
SPE 4529
15
7.08 kh
:to = J o
(uoBO)Pe'Fb(a~)
(11,2_pw/) + Jo{Pe-pt,)
{A-26}
(A-27)
TABLE 1 - FIELD A - CARBONATE RESERVOIR AT 5,100 FT AND 108F, SUMMARY OF STABILIZED FLOW
AFTERFLOW BACKPRESSURE TEST RESULTS. GAS SATURATION ABOVE CRITICAL OR EQUILIBRIUM
GAS SATURATION. AVERAGE STABILIZATION TIME 48 HOURS, FLOWS IN INCREASING SEQUENCE.
Well No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
Of Flows
5
5
5
5
5
7
5
4
5
7
5
4
4
4
5
5
Shut-In
Pressure
PR
PSIA
1339
1347
1200
1307
1281
1345
1215
881
1159
1430
1284
1474
878
1410
1366
1217
108
106
619
739
530
563
548
638
520
375
436
491
395
578
379
632
370
357
2745
3102
2572
2181
3571
3945
4485
2019
3219
1056
4008
1003
5979
4607
3805
3397
Back-Pressure Curve
AOFP
Slope
BOPD
n
1.000
0.875
0.648
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.771
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.707
;1..000
1.000
1.000
420
670
340
425
310
445
275
143
243
295
165
375
83
260
123
110
__ Jield___
Number
O! Flows
(Tests)
Well No.
Reservoir
Depth
Ft
Temp.
of
_ Fi!1dQ.
I
2
3
4
5
b
c
d
--
"
Shut-In
Pressure
Pa
--..f2!L
4
7
14 (2)
6
5
0000
91GO
9100
10450
10600
6
7
7
7
8 (2)
C; (2)
5
7
5
5
7550
8300
8320
8620
8600
8700
8650
8830
8830
9000
174
194
196
196
200
'10
SCF/STK
~Q
PSIA
Gravity
Back-Pressure Curve
AOFP
Slope
API
BOPlJ
30000
5750
5000
15700
9100
Fluid
Net
Pq
Perforations
Ft.
Ft.
Perm.
K
MD
3535.3
3778.9
3926.2
4342.8
4396.4
2488
2530
2520
2303
2022
3451.6
2988.2
3192.1
4167.2
4171.8
588
1363
1397
1896
1900
37.3
45.0
45.4
46.7
44.2
0.813
0.832
0.613
0.752
0.644
205
205
205
3187.4
3507 .1
3763.9
3486.4
3695.5
3766.8
3913.0
3948.6
3899.2
3981.1
2634
2993
2495
3753
2308
3236
3060
2502
2620
2321
2676.7
3167.3
3593.0
3346.0
3539.0
3519.9
3448.0
3776.5
3823.3
3747.1
1235
1516
1705
1545
1309
1431
1460
1348
1358
1367
47.9
45.3
42.8
47.2
43.7
43.8
43.8
43.5
43.8
42.8
0.644
0.500
0.694
0.645
0.500
0.792
0.568
0.602
0.658
0.613
8440
217
3695.3
3689
3375.1
1290
43.9
0.875
7
5
7830
8450
156
164
3420.2
3693.8
2800
3088
3097.5
3433.9
418
575
25.5
29.8
0.596
0.628
8
7
1120011230
238
238
6454.2
6477.6
2973
3519
5669.1
5956.3
2670
2991
47.8
46.3
7940
174
3486.3
2626
3279.5
132
34.2
180
204
205
220
220
ReDervoir
2905 B.P.
saturated
90
11
32
82
37
6
8
75
97
10
41
97
58
92
20
36
52
182
20
37
26
74
200 B.U.
100 B.U.
240 B.U.
_ _ laJ&!!"" _ _
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
a
b
b
b
c
d
e
e
e
e
200
200
5900
saturated
0000
12500
20000
20
9800
16300
7250
10700
20300
8700
sa.turated
35
14
18
20
60
16
17600
saturated
00
38
7800
10600
saturated
42
41
8
16
0.813
0.712
9600
13300
4765 B.P.
5035 B.P.
25
44
10
42
0.003
15000
47
20
450
~~~
2470
1600
470
130
B.U.
B.U.
B.U.
B.U.
860 B.U.
_ _ le1!LE_ _ _
a
_Fi&dL
1
2
_Fi&d
a
b
!L
a
b
"
_F1&!!!L _ _
Vogel~ 5
Field A
Pi
2020
2130
PlJ
2020
2130
B 01
1.39
1.35
l/Bgi
150
150
o1
ugi
0.86
1.0
0.02
0.02
S
we
11.5
19.4
13.2
13.9
114
23.5
kMO
31
20
R. i
684
600
40
20
Spacing-Aores
N.A.
222 B.U.
Flow
No.
Shut-In
Pressure
i'R- PS1G
Flowing
Pressure
fwr-fSIG
GOR
SCFiST. BBL
3180.1
2518
1397
572
3409.3
2064
1322
500
3610.8
1535
1200
490
3817.6
687
1607
290
3636.5
1394
1478
300
3908.2
3834.5
711
1612
252
3847.8
534
1512
262
3177.4
8
SI 7HR.
2520
1397
Reservoir Data
Separator
Pressure
572
3907.3
Ka
'/J
0.21
r"
0.33 Ft.
0.27 cps.
B0
0.167 DAYS
Xo
3907.1
10
N. A.
3440.4
3759.2
2077
1379
450
+ 0 q]
467
2308
1.67
36.6
34.9
1490
1452
1.24
26.6
25.4
757
0.64
11.1
10.4
3434.7
2010
3654.5
1390
13
3897.9
3811.5
709
1538
230
14
3901.0
3681.2
440
1611
154
S'
(S
305
3905.2
Shut-In
Pressure
PR-PSIG
,n)
1502
258
3898.6
Flow
S" (Eq.
S (q, t)
1555
12
6 - SUMARY
qo
STK BOPD
1064
11
TABLE
(Eq. 19)
Sepg.rator
GOR
Pressure
SCF/STK BBL
Flowing
Pressure
Pwr-PSIG
S~
Flow
~
Shut-In
Pressure
PR-PSIG
Flowing
Pressure
Pwr-PSl(;
GOR
Separator
Pressure
SCF/STK BBL
3680.8
3524.3
2308
1211
422
3934.0
3912.5
701
1452
160
3672.1
3604.0
1452
1309
260
3930.6
3759.4
2447
1369
400
3670.5
3658.4
757
1375
139
350
3672.9
3665.8
419
1383
92
SI 4J1I!.
3672.9
7
3583.9
3565.0
669
1406
115
SI 4HR.
3577.6
3535.1
1035
1333
160
3580.5
3513.7
1413
1357
215
3580.0
3430.9
2303
1217
370
SI 4HR.
3570.7
3852.8
1648
1383
3920.9
3761.8
2502
1348
400
3927.9
3835.5
1775
1476
350
3921.4
3901.4
7B?
1496
160
3913.5
3910.2
490
1413
170
3820.8
2490
1418
462
3884.3
766
1413
298
167
3933.9
3899.2
3897.9
38B? .6
727
1503
3896.1
3854.7
1591
1483
280
3892.2
3808.6
2620
1358
456
TABLE 8 - SUMMARY OF 4-HOUR ISOCIffiONAL TEST RESULTS OF OIL WELL I-a, FIELD G
Shut-In
Flow1ng
Pressure
PWf-PS~
Pressure
Flow
PR-PSIG
Ji!!......
1
6439.5
Sel:!!rator
'I.,
GOR
SCFiSTK BBL
STK BOPO
Pressure
---1'.!L
T~p.
_F_ _
5654.4
2973
2670
405
107
6148.4
1328
2615
310
84
6427.1
6301.6
722
2680
215
68
6432.8
5660.1
2871
2835
445
106
6427.0
5947.0
2120
2668
395
96
6427.1
6181.2
1236
2593
380
82
6428.1
6249.9
992
2683
285
72
6427 .1
6320.1
665
2591
240
68
TABLE 9 - USE OF PRESSURE RATIO TO FORECAST RATE OF FLOW WITH PRESSURE DEPLETION28
RESERVOIR DATA USED
P1 ~
pt,
= 1.33 RES
= 0.177; h
BBL/STK BBL; k
= 25
~
PR
~
- 2
Pa
P"f
P"f
! Thousands)
~
00 acres, k
= 25 MO;
1708
65
1377
1054
519
65
2917
1896
!Thousands)
J'oi
1778
65
3161
65
1297
1112
65
65
2455
1682
871
65
1.000
J'
01
PR
- P"r
.8062
.6171
2913
1892
1107
"
Ref. 28
~-21)
108.8*
108.3
53.3
24.6
5.12
2
57.0
25.5
3.0
25.4
3.0
13.0
7.88
13.0*
8.90
5.04
3.18
1.52
108.8
.3039
265
0.003870 EOPO/(Thousand psia )
7295
.62 54
1233
4.32
2.82
4899
755
1.54
.8813
3157
2451
1678
J' 01 at
(~)
After
(Ttousands)
1.0000
=
[ In
4
4
4
4
759
Pal
- 2
1237
Pa
4
1111
65
4
269
65
4
80 acres, k = 2.5 MO; J'
= 0.004118 and
oi
1567
~](uoBol;
2Pi
PIli.
of examples
56.7
12.2
8.36
4.74
2.99
1.43
...o
(q):.. =1-0.20e;:)-80CtJ
/VOGEL'S IPR
~
;::
OR q ..
i; (PR2 -PWf2)1.24
q.
cr.) /
In r; Pwf
f( )d :
d +/
Cre) / ~
Po~o p
In r; Pwf
P
60r'--------------------------------------------.
CURVE B
PVT STUDY
50
_1_ dp
"'o~o
.80
...'"
,~
.60
.....
l~
.....
'i
~w .50
....
'"
~ ~
",,,,
." ....
_q:i;(P R2
40
~:: .30
-P f
W
)1.0
q:j.(PR-Pwf)
0.",
i:
o ~
.........
... '"
'<>'1.
-r~......... 1
i)" ~'Io
",""
.10
00
.10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 1.00
flOW RATE [ql (q)MAX] fRACTION Of ABSOLUTE OPEN flOW POTENTIAL
~"
"
tl':"
::olD
u
",ID
,:~
"
;1''''
"" "
. . ..c....~
... o~o
CURVE A
CALCULATED fROM RESERVOIR
GAS 1INAlYSIS AND STANDARD
CORRELATIONS
'"
-~20
,......
"
If b2 =a
40
::l
,\J """"
,-.,
~ is .20
.70
,-.,
Pb
"2
2 1.0
Pwf
Pwf
-p-
)'
1000
2000
P,
Pb
i-'"
TWO PHASE
Pb
_ / kr
AREA "0 '0 dp
Pwf
~
F
Yi, i
_~GLE
AREA: /
Pb
,,~.o
dp
./
01-
CURVE
c.
[1
is
H
I
0.138
0.277
0.553
n=1.000
gL---
lO't ~
......
31.7
46.5
61.2
120
i~59.87
N
99.87
353
589
CO
Z
;,;
II
::::>
0
:c
~
21 N~.!
N'
100
60
0
l-
FLOW
NO.
"e
f-
PR =1345 psi.
AOfP =445 BOPO
"
= 0.0115 DAYS
2.21
16.8
2.84
5.57
7.88
10.37
20.37
30.37
38.87
r;
"
i1EAl TIME
0.375
E
F
::J
....
'"...J
T = 0.00195
0.0234
0.0469
0.937
a:
10,000
DIMENSIONLESS
m.tE
o
i=
a:
7000
8000
Fig. 3 - Basic pressure function for tva high pressure gas reservoirs.
f'liASE_
P,
6000
.~ /"
....
! !
3000
4000
5000
PRESSURE -PSIA
........
468
468
468
0.01
0.1
1.0
DIMENSIONLESS DISTANCE,"
0.5
5.0
50
600
DISTANCE. FEET, FOR EXAMPLE PR08LEM
I'.
10
10
'2
e e
I
100
1U2
".123
137
... ...
1178
710
321
esl..
3233
13'
GO.
5CF / STK
1345
22'
Pwf
PSI"
"
53
0.001
q.
STK SOPO
SIP
DURATION
HiltS,
, I
II
1000
3212
3148
3708
3980
3676
397S
qo -STK BOPO
Fig. 5 - Stabtlized performance curve, Well 6, Field A.
10.000
~,.--------------------------------------------------,
II
II
PR = 1200 pail
1.07
5.3.
U
0.01
2~
6.21
3,10 DAAWOOWN
22"
"oor ~'"
II
....",. ....
STK .OPO
II
MD
q.
FCOW
AOfP=340 BOPO
n=0.648
3372
O~Z
'"
0
Z
<
-,
~~
FotOOO
:g
z
PSI" PVT
n-I.ooo
.,!
:::>
10,000
:t:
to-
'-'
21- N.
0.
100f- ~o.'"
II
-,NO.
II
q.
Pwf
GOA
HRS,
511< ElOPO
PSIA
..
- - , - 1200
7.
10
10
II
II
100
2000
53.
2193
aOI
Z.571
28'
,
II
~OO
1000
1500
2000
qo = STK SOPO
3500
3000
1733
1023
...
."
'47
209
44
DURATION
1.000
II
1000
100'
100
II
~0002 .
qo-STK BOPO
Fig.
-----------------1
10,OOO~,
II
II
,....,
2
:g
IOO,OOOr,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
8
6
<
1000
II
II
'"
=>
o
....
'-'
:t:
.,
!j1
FLOW
DURATION
qo
Pwf
2
J
SIP
A'
%1
42
::\
GOA
SCF(STt( aeL
1410
liB
155
1050
888
ZIIO!
3511
020
632
4107
"4
t:;
a Pb - 5735 pSi.
4
4]
10 I
10
...--s'00
10,000
qo-STK 8OPO
.4 it it
I
~
4
100
qo -STK SO PO
e8
1000
100'
100
2468'
2468'
100.000
8
8
100,000
e
e
.4
PR=3778.9PSIA
AOFP=5750BOPO
n::;0.832
,....,
10,000
...
'Vi'
0
z
<
en
10.000
8
8
<
<II
=>
::::>
t,.
...
.......
:r
....'i
....
..
...,
PR=39ZZ.9 psi.
AOFP=5000BOPO
n=0.613
<II
0
No:
1000
e
I~
1000
8
II
NO,
o.
PSIG
"-".
37fiA.2
3762,9
3761.,04
STK
PSIG
BOPD
2973.5
3604.1
3671.2
3601,1
3737.6
3CO.?
3130.0
31' ....
2979.1
37ZC.6
Pwl
,D.
4
GOO
SEP, PRESS,
SCI"'/STK
BB,-
..,.71"'",2<...,
,..
n.
220
,.,
.. ""...
70'
1351
"'
55'
100L---~Z~---4~~e~e~----~2----J4--~~e-L--~2~--~4~e
100
'"
. .67
1000
10,000
100L---~2~--~4~~8~8~----2~---4L-~8~8~----~2----4~~8
100
1000
10.000
100,000
8
8
~.
NO.
I
PSIG
N-".
0432'.1
4'52,5
4280.0
.154.2
4242.2
4287
.313.2
.. 31).9
430'..8
432),1
4327,K.
,....,
wl
PSIG
STK SOPD
".
'72
GOO
SEP. PRESS.
PSIG
2119
1896
530
NO.
.''""
1-a
2-b
I.'"
2S5
4-b
en
10,000
8
6
::::>
:r
.t:.
I~
HOPD
5,900
8,000
0.s&0
20pOO
0.645
0.644
PR=3486.4
en
z
-<
en
...
...,
"'OFP
10.000
8
8
Po
PSI'"
:11117.4
3507.t
3486.4
PR=4342.8 PSIA
AOfP= 15,700BOPO
"=0.752
1000
8
8
-<
en
::::>
:I:
t;
PR - 3187.4 pSIO
AOFP= 5900 BOPD
n-0.644
N'"
....,iI'
N",
,"-
1000
8
6
4
2
100L---~2~-L~~~~----*2----4~~1I~8~----~2----47-~8
100
10,000
100L---~2~L+~~~--~2--~4'-~6~~--~2'-~4~~6~
100
1000
10,000
qo STK BOPO
Fig. 14 - Four-hour isochronal performance curves of Wells I-a, 2-b and 4-b,
Field D, demonstrating flow point alignment.
100,00' + - - - - - - - - - - ; - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
1
II
II
qo
STK SOPO
~
PR '
PI METHOD
~ARENT
saPD / pSI
AOFP
APPARENT
AOFP
--,.--
S7ZOo
to.1
.'880
18.3
7.8.
6.58
3695.5 pOI.
23730
17360
151'0
3ti9O
30670
25750
7250 SCPO
n= 0.597
10.000
PR : 3913.0 PSI3
AOFP 7250 80PO
n-0.568
V)
II
:z:
<
V)
=>
II
::J:
t:
NO;
0-
N,0..a:
1000
012123171
"6/10/72
PR
II
3695.5 pOI.
II
PR 3598.6 pOI.
P
4
1000
100k--~2}---4~~~1I~--~2~-'4~~1I~~1I-L--~2--4+-~1I
100
1000
10,000
qo- STK SO PO
Fig. 16 - Four-hour isochronal performance curve, Well 7-e, Field D,
Dec. 14, 1971, with comparisons of' calculated AOFP's using PI and
Vogel methods.
100,00
II
FLOW
NO.
-,-
IS
p.
qo
GOR
PSIG
PSIG
STK SOPO
SCFLSTK BBL
36io.6
3366.9
fl74
IOl52
3689
3117
1450
3674.3
3668.7
8
6
--,.-.-PSIG
>55.
35150.6
3608.0
3360.4
3680.3
387'9.2
lU....
3673.6
3680.3
3574.4
,.,.
lSOA.4
..
.IS
'29.
,",
1433
'548
200
3591.5
;;;
10.000
PR3948.7 pm
II
II
:z:
<
V)
0
::J:
SEP. PRESS.
3423.5
100.000r--------------------~
Pw,
=>
.....
N'"
~
1
Na:
1000
10-
II
1000
8
6
II
4
o ISOCHRONAL
FLOW AFTER FLOW
2
2
70
611172
100IL--+---l,-1H'P---Jl-4
100
10,000
100
100
II
II
1000
II
II
10,000
II
qo-STK 80PO
Fig. 18 - Four-hour isochronal performance curve of' Well I-a, Field E,
10,000.--------------,--------,
8
ISOCHRONAL
fLOW AFTER FLOW
1000
;;:;
'"-<
0'"
10.000
8
8
4
2
0
1000
<
'"
!:
:>:
t;
2
100
"'..
,
!1.
!1.
",I
, '"
!1.
"'O'
'G.
100
II
10
100
STK SOPO
PStG
3387.2
3391,2
3394.1
3405,5
3402.0
3398.7
3394.9
l082.8
3376.5
3062.6
3199.6
3306.5
3385.9
3393,3
1000
w'
OR
PSIG
3403.7
GOO
SEP. PRESS.
SCF/STK SBL
--,-.--
'"
."
,]5
.5
'"
OS
10,000
FLOW
NO.
4
~
p.
w'
GOO
PS'G
PS'G
--urn-
STK SOPO
2271
3468,0
3463,1
3461.9
3462.2
3310.6
3213,6
3lCM.O
3311.7
3429.0
3446.9
'"
:iifi"'.:& 3"2i4.8
346".2
'57'
2203
1"'65
'"
10
100
4811
'"z
-<
'"
0
t;
....-.--
SEP. PRESS,
PSIG
--
S87
'"
2488
10,000
II
Jan. 7, 1972.
PSIG
'"
'S
'"
100,00
8
8
4
PR -
3486.3
AOFP- 15,000 BOPO
n-0.803
..
10.000
:;;
10.000
z
<
'"
=>
'"t:
"-
:I:
'T
"'
N_
'<1.
/
/'
""
"'O'
1000
8
575
57.
--,.-.--
,...
"'~...
GOR
SCFjS'T'K SBL
SEP. PRESS,
'"
:>:
STK SOPO
~
2344
t4!U
1000
10.000
8
6
Pw'
PSIG
3419.2
3513.4
35913
3653.5
3668.6
100.00
8
6
~R
NO,
PStG
- , - 3673.l
3664.6
3668.3
3674.3
3673.6
,.,"
<35
1398
."
II
pS'G
qo - STK SOPO
0,000
R 3693.8 pSia
AOFP=IO,600 80PO
n0.628
::>
0
:>:
IP =
;;:;
1"-
No:
..
1000
,"-
1000
8
8
o ISOCHRONAL
FLOW AFTER FLOW
100
100
8
1000
100
100
100
10.000
qo - STK SOPO
Fig. 21 - Four-hour isochronal performance curve of Well l-a, Field H,
July 24, 1972.
Fig. 22 -
100.000~---------------------'
18
16
....,.
STKqSOPO
NO.
MO
14
~
2120
,236
12
'"
2i6 9.ff
6.65
5.08
~=64n6 pSI'
AOFP-I3,300 BOPD
nO.1IZ
,/
;I
'.U
2Z2
I'
2
o ISOCHRONAL
FLOW AFTER FLOW
10
'en
10,000
BUBBLE POINT
PRESSURE = 5035 pSI.
8
6
2
1000
500
1500
2500
2000
3000
3500
1000
qo -STK BOPD
8
6
:!1.< SC:~"1l(
lJR
Pwf
6462.9
5902.1
6457.5
60462.9
6452.9
63.-..
63311.11
5941.&
3453
11134
1156
13011
3519
6"52.9
6.50..
6"50\.7
6106.6
6262.7
6300..
1900
1512
FLOW
~.!:!E....!.!!!-~~
1
2
62~.7
2973
lI2Z
2110g
26112
2991
ZIIII.
2691
2799 .
SEP.
PREss.
PSIG
38.
m
......
100L-~~--~~~8,L--~2---14--6~8~--~2~~4~6
100
1000
10,000
qo - STK BOPD
100,OOOr---'''''-~-------------'''''
e
QO=J~i(:;;}
Pwf
PRL 2)
.,
(q1R~A.X
J'ei""
~,,2_Pwf2
VJ
o
Z
10,000
e
4
TO 6SBL/DAY/PSI2
~450
BBL~ DAY
--,-,102
J.HO
140
600
0
4050
4410
165
184
.....
(Q~
(.!a.),-P')
PR
:t:
t-
(THOUSANDS)
BOO
\:P"R i
BBL/DAY
--,,-
MAX AT
qo
..
BeL/DAY
BBL/DAY
-~-",--
--,,-,-
'.50
""
1607
''''
no
57
..
"
~'o&(~~~o(p)AT
j;R
Pb
pip) ,to{p)
"
34'
CORRECTION OF
qo
(THOUSANDS)
.,.
VOGELFIG.7
PSI ...
21]9
lJ
l!a~P.,..f~
EQ.32
"""'i'iSO
'50.
'i 12SO
Q.
NOTE:
IF INTERCEPT OF DRAWDOWNS IS TO POINT b 2 ,IPR CURVE
WILL GRADUALLY BECOME LINEAR WITH PRESSURE DRAWDOWN
AS
R APPROACHES D. (SEE VOGELS ACTUAL COMPUTED
IPR CURVES.)
VOGE'Q;IG.7
1000
OEPLETION
:;)
E~~12
1400
PSIA
Ii"Oii"
2
'(e:IOBoB::t,~~2Y ~41;72X
N",
P'VT
n =1.000
IQ.
'-'
1000
II
r--.
"'I .-
IQ.
I~
'---"
VARIABLES EVALUATED
o-qoDRAWDOWN AT
AT
PR
INITIAL CONDITIONS
2
<!l,
INTERCE PT AT b z
100L--~2L--~4L-L-Le-L-~2--~4-eL-8~--2~-~4~e
10
100
qo-STK SOPD
Fig. 26 -