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OPTIMIZATION
OF SYMMETRIC
LAMINATES
FOR
MAXIMUM
BUCKLING
LOAD INCLUDING
THE
EFFECTS OF BENDING-TWISTING
COUPLING
M. Walker,t
I July 1994)
element solutions are presented for the optimal design of symmetrically laminated
rectangular plates subjected to a combination of simply supported, clamped and free boundary conditions.
Abstract-Finite
The effects of boundary conditions, the number of layers and bending-twisting coupling on the optimal
ply angles and the buckling load are numerically studied.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of laminated composite materials as structural components
is becoming widespread in several
branches of engineering. These structures often contain components which may be modelled as rectangular plates. A common type of composite plate is the
symmetrically
laminated
angle ply configuration
which avoids bending-stretching
effects by virtue of
mid-plane symmetry. An important failure mode for
these plates is buckling under in-plane loading. The
buckling resistance of the fibre composite plates can
be improved
by using the ply angle as a design
variable and determining the optimal angles to maximize the buckling load.
One phenomenon associated with symmetric angleply configurations
is the occurrence
of bending-twisting
coupling which may cause significantly
different results as compared to cases in which this
coupling
is exactly zero [I]. The effect of bending-twisting
coupling
becomes
even more pronounced for laminates with few layers. Due to this
coupling, closed-form
solutions cannot be obtained
for any of the boundary conditions and this situation
led to neglecting bending-twisting
coupling in several
studies involving the optimization
of symmetric laminates under buckling loads[2-161.
In actual fact,
closed-form
solutions for symmetric laminates are
not available even for the simplified models where
this coupling is neglected except if the boundary
conditions
are simply supported
all around. The
present study adopts a numerical approach to include
the effect of bending-twisting
coupling and to obtain
313
M. Walker et al.
314
Here, a subscript after the comma denotes differentiation with respect to the variable following the
comma.
The transverse shear strains are obtained from
(4)
u = u,(x, Y) + zti/,(x, Y)
u = &Ax,Y) + z$, (x3Y)
w = w(x, YX
(1)
where
and
(7)
Qkt,
s
shi2
h/2
{q=(v,,
(7.x;,t,.,) dz
V,)=
-hi2
-h/2
(8)
2 hhlcl(k, dz
[S]=a
k=l
[D] = f
k=IJhk
5
hk
rhr[&z2dz.
~I
(10)
315
the
the
biare
k>K/2+1.
Let N,=N
and N!=A-N where
0 Q ), < 1 is the proportionality constant. The buckling load N(B) is given by
N(B) = min,.,[N,,(m,
n,
611,
(16)
(11)
where N, and N? are the pre-buckling stress components which are shown in Fig. 1. As no simplifications are assumed on the elements of the [D] matrix,
eqn (11) includes the bending-twisting coupling as
exhibited by virtue of D,, # 0, D,, # 0.
3.
li w%Yh,
i=l
VeriJication
vector
N,a2 and
Nb = -
D,
D, =
E,h3
12(1 -
h2V21)
(14)
The
The static buckling problem reduces to a generalized eigenvalue problem of the conventional form,
viz.
WI + 4&l){uI = 0,
(17)
(13)
(12)
(15)
plate
thickness
ratio
is
specified
as
N,
10 x 10
13 x 13
16 x 16
20 x 20
Exact (Ref. [27])
25.57
25.33
25.22
25.14
25.20
316
M. Walker et al.
---_.--------
-- -,- -
55.85
FSM
F_s.C.S
c.s.cs
c.c.c.c
for
Fig.
for
Fig. 6. Optimal
other
3. Buckling
than
proportion
load
plotted against
square plates.
with
a corresponding
8 Is
I
.50
Fig. 4. Optimal
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
ratio
1500
go(
the aspect
I
\
2.00
a/b
Fig. 7. Maximum buckling load plotted against
ratio with A = 0.5 (biaxial load).
the aspect
Optimization
of symmetric
laminates
for maximum
buckling
317
load
15
-.
8.h
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 .75
2.00
0.50
..
0.75
1.00
Fig. 8. Optimal
the aspect
Nb=$
ratio
buckling
(18)
0
500 /
Y,
a/b
Fig. 9. Maximum
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
a/b
o/b
the aspect
twisting coupling
ply angle.
on the optimal
318
M. Walker
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319