Building Anlaysis

Building Analysis
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Building Analysis
Having modeled your structure and defined the parameters/loading to be applied, you are now ready to generate
the member design forces. These are determined by performing a 3D analysis of the whole building.
The pre and post analysis stages, along with the various applicable analysis options are fully described in the
following sections.
Main Topic/Sub Topics
The Building Analysis Process
Pre-Analysis
Model Options
Analysis
Post Analysis
Model Export
Reports
CSC Web site
CSC Offices Worldwide

To begin this process pick the Building Analysis option located in the Run pulldown menu this will load the
Building Analysis form.
The Building Analysis form comprises 6 tab pages namely, Pre-Analysis, Model Options, Analysis, Post
Analysis, Model Export and Reports. You can carry out all the steps related to the Building Analysis using
these pages. The typical process is described below:
1.
The items that are required to be specified prior to the analysis are grouped under the Pre-Analysis
tab. These include the basic parameters (design codes etc.) accessed by clicking Parameters. You must
also determine the material properties to be used in the design of the structural members via Edit
Materials. You can determine the combinations to be used in the analysis using Edit Load
Combinations. Furthermore, you can re-examine the information about the structure such as center of
gravity, storey loads and their application points by clicking Edit Storey Loads
These items are fully described in the previous section, Building Parameters, Loading and Materials
2.
You can determine the options to be used in the formation of analytical model by using the fields located
under the Model Options tab. This form comprises three sections namely, Model, Stiffnesses and
Settings.
3.
Before running the analysis it is useful to first check the model for various potential geometric errors by
running the Building Model Validity Check which is located on the Analysis tab.
4.
In order to perform the analysis you must check the Building Analysis option located in the Analysis
tab. If required you can also check the Perform Eigenvalue Analysis option.
5.
Optionally, you can check Column/Wall Reinforcement Design and Beam Reinforcement Design
options to select or check the steel in columns, walls and beams. Note that these options are also
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available in the Run pulldown.

6.
Click the Start button on the Analysis tab to start the building analysis. Here, first of all beam loads
are calculated, then the integrity and completeness of the graphical information is checked and related
connectivity data is prepared. A Finite Element model of building is created with frame elements (and
optionally shell elements for the walls) after the preparation of the connectivity data. The analysis is
performed in a single pass unless staged construction loadcases are detected, in which case a staged
construction analysis is performed.
7.
Assuming the analysis completes without any problem a Building Analysis Completed Successfully
message will appear at the bottom of the dialog.
8.
After completing the Building Analysis process without any error, you can use the buttons located under
the Post-Analysis tab to graphically review the results on a 3-D model of the structure, to create the
analysis reports and to carry out Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design.
9.
If required you can export the structural model to other packages using the buttons located under the
Model Export tab.
10. Finally you can examine and take print outs of the prepared reports using Report page.
Building Analysis
Staged Construction Analysis
CSC Web site
Staged Construction Analysis

A staged construction analysis is performed for every staged construction loadcase that has been defined. For
details of how these are created using the Loading Generator see Staged Construction.
The results for the staged load cases can be examined in the same way as those for the unstaged load cases,
using the Model and Analysis Results Display.
The staged and unstaged combinations are both used for design.
CSC Web site
Pre-Analysis
Load combinations, materials and other parameters relating to the analysis are specified on the Pre-Analysis
page of the Building Analysis form. These are fully described in the section: Building Parameters, Loading and
Materials
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Building Analysis
CSC Web site
Model Options
Options to be used in analysis can be specified in Model Options page of Building Analysis form. Model
Options comprises of three tab pages namely, Model, Stiffnesses and Settings.
Any modifications made in this page can be undone by pressing Default Settings.
Building Analysis
Model
Stiffnesses
Settings
CSC Web site
Model
Parameters related with the analytical model of the building can be adjusted on the Model tab.
Storey Degrees of Freedom
There is a list for defining the degrees of freedom for each storey. Storey degrees of freedom options in Orion
are:
TIP: You can select the
Only X permitted or
the Only Y permitted
options to define the
degrees of freedom of
a single frame system.
X/Y and Torsion Permitted: Translations in X and Y directions and floor torsion
about Z-axis are permitted.
X/Y Permitted, Torsion Prevented: Translations in X and Y directions are permitted.
But torsion about Z-axis is prevented.
Only X Permitted: Only translation in X direction is permitted. Translation in Y
direction and rotation about Z-axis are prevented.
Only Y Permitted: Only translation in Y direction is permitted. Translation in X
direction and rotation about Z-axis are prevented.
The last two degrees of freedom options are useful for the analysis of a 2d-frame system defined along the
unrestrained direction.
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Storey Degrees of Freedom
Rigid Zones
Rigid zones formed at the Column-beam intersections are taken into consideration automatically by the
program in the analysis model. Rigid zones are important in determining the effective lengths of members.
In order to consider cracks that can be formed in the intersections, rigid zones may be reduced by a certain
amount to calculate more realistic effects. Orion Analysis Model has the following rigid zone options:
Maximum option will use full member section dimensions to form the rigid zones and calculates
the member forces at the member faces.
Reduce by 25% option will reduce the member section dimensions by 25% to form the reduced
rigid zones and calculates the member forces at a distance 0.25d from the member faces.
None option will not take the rigid zones into consideration and calculates the member forces at
the member axes.
Wall Model
Orion can model the walls in the building in two different ways. One of them is Midpier Model and the other is
Finite Element Shell Model. Using the radio buttons located in Wall Model field, you can determine the wall
model to be used in the building globally.
Mid-pier Model uses a single column at the mid-point of the wall panel to model the wall. Interaction with
neighbouring elements such as columns, beams or other walls are established by rigid beams extending to two
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sides.
If Finite Elements Shell Model is selected, wall members will be modelled by quadrilateral shell elements.
Maximum height and width of shell elements can be entered into Shell Width and Shell Height fields. Default
value of 500 mm by 500 mm is adequate for most cases. Analysis time increases as the width and height values
decrease.
If the building includes narrowing walls, or wide basement walls, it is recommended to use Finite Element Shell
Model.
Walls modelled as Mid-pier Model require less analysis time than the walls modelled as Finite Elements Shell
Model.
Each individual wall member in the system can be defined to use a different wall model in the analysis. For
example, a wall can be modelled using Midpier model in first storey and Finite Element Shell Model in the
second storey.
Rigid Diaphragm Modelling
Under the excitation of lateral loads, it must be specified whether the slabs in each storey level will behave
infinitely rigid in their plane (i.e. rigid diaphragm action) or not. This behaviour is generally modelled as Rigid
Diaphragm.
By assuming rigid diaphragm action in a storey level, degrees of freedom are reduced to translation X and Y
directions and a torsion about Z axis normal to the plane of X and Y. There will be no axial deformation in the
beams residing in rigid diaphragm.
If Slabs To Define Rigid Diaphragm option is selected, rigid diaphragms will be created by examining the
continuity and neighbourhood of slabs both in horizontal and vertical directions. If two or more slab groups do
not touch each other directly or by means of other intermediate slabs, each of these groups will form a separate
rigid diaphragm. There may be nodes that do not touch any of the slabs. These nodes, then, are defined as free
nodes and they do not belong to any of the diaphragms.
Single Rigid Diaphragm At Each Floor Level option forces the whole storey level to behave like a rigid diaphragm
even if there is no slabs defined.
If No Rigid Diaphragm At Floor Levels option is selected, rigid diaphragm action is not utilised in the analysis. All
nodes in the storey levels will be accepted as free nodes. If there are big openings in the floor (approximately
greater than 1/3 of total floor area), it will be difficult to expect a rigid diaphragm action. Then this option must
be used in the analysis.
Beam Section
Using the radio buttons located in this section, flanges of the beam can be taken into account in the building
model.
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Model Options
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Stiffnesses
Moment of Inertia, Modulus of Elasticity, Torsional Constant and Cross Sectional Area of member groups
can be scaled by using the coefficients in Stiffnesses page. Values less than 1 will reduce the related
parameter whereas values greater than 1 will increase its value.
For example, if you want to minimize the lateral load sharing of columns in a Wall-Frame structure, you can use a
coefficient of 5% for column moment of inertia. This operation will globally multiply all column moment of
inertias by 0.05 during the analysis data preparation and analysis will be conducted accordingly.
If any modification is made in this field, analysis must be repeated.
Model Options
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Settings
Additional options related to the analysis can be specified on the Settings tab.
Issue Warnings For Cantilever Beams Not Marked
If free end of the beams are not specified in Graphic Editor, then program will display a warning to mark this free
ends. If this option is unchecked, no warning will be displayed.
Issue Warnings For Unsupported Columns Before Analysis
If columns or walls in the system are left unsupported, warning messages will be displayed to alert the user.
Column may not be sitting on another member or may not be assigned a support at the lower joint. In case of
such a warning, you must go back to Graphic Editor and correct the model. This feature can be disabled by
unchecking this option.
Print Column, Wall and Beam Section Properties in Post-Analysis Report
Column, Wall and Beam section properties can be included in the Post-Analysis Report by checking this option.
Use Sparse Solver for Building Analysis
The purpose of the sparse solver is to reduce the time required for analysis. For certain model types a dramatic
reduction in the analysis time can be achieved, (e.g. models utilizing the FE shell model for walls) for other
models it may be less significant.
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Total/Relative Horizontal Drift Limits

Building horizontal drift checking is carried out and included in the Post-Analysis Report. The limit values for the
"Total Horizontal Drift" and "Relative Horizontal Drift" values defined here will be used in this report.
Total Horizontal Drift is the ratio of floor horizontal displacement to the height to the level of the floor, and
Relative Horizontal Drift is the ratio of relative floor horizontal displacement to the height of that particular
storey.
Axial Load Comparison Tolerance
Orion compares vertical loads on the building before transferred onto the beams and after decomposed onto the
beams before building analysis. A third check is performed by summing the column axial loads after the analysis.
These three group of values must be similar. A 5% tolerance in difference is adequate as a default value. If there
are problems related with slab yield lines or load transferring in the model, this difference may exceed 5%. A
warning message is issued after the analysis if 5% tolerance is exceeded.
Storey Weight and Center of Gravity Calculations
After the vertical loads are defined on the system, they are decomposed onto the beams and reaction values are
calculated at the nodes. These reactions are also regarded as masses at the joints. If Use Decomposed Loads
option is selected, then masses in the joints are used in center of gravity and weight calculations. If there are no
beams in the system (like in Flat Slabs), then Use Undecomposed Loads option should be used.
Model Options
CSC Web site
Analysis
The Building Analysis is performed from the Analysis page of the Building Analysis form.
On this page options are also provided to run a Building Model Validity Check, to perform an Eigenvalue Analysis,
to run batch column/wall and beam designs, and to display the Axial Load Comparison Report.
Building Analysis
Building Model Validity Check
Perform Building Analysis
Perform Eigenvalue Analysis
Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design
Axial Load Comparison Report
CSC Web site
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Building Model Validity Check

Before making the building analysis you can use the "Building Model Validity Check" options to make a final
model check on the model you have created.
Using the "Building Model Validity Check", you can determine "Overlapping Slabs", Overlapping Columns,
"Overlapping Slabs and Beams", Columns Inside Slab Panels, "Overlapping Beams and Walls", Validity of Axis
Intersections, Proximity of Axis Intersections and Overlapping Columns Spanning More than One Storey.
If any of the above overlapping conditions is detected, you have to return back to the Graphic Editor and modify
the members that cause the problem.
Building Model Validity Check option can be applied to the "Current Storey" or "All Storeys".
Analysis
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Perform Building Analysis

A linear elastic static analysis is performed for every unstaged loadcase that has been defined and a staged
construction analysis is performed for every staged construction loadcase.
The results for both the unstaged and staged load cases can be examined using the Model and Analysis Results
Display.
The unstaged and staged combinations are both used for design purposes.
Analysis
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Perform Eigenvalue Analysis

An Eigenvalue Analysis can be performed as part of the Building Analysis in order to calculate natural
frequencies and mode shapes, (which will be dependent on storey mass and model stiffness). No loading is used
in the analysis. The Eigenvalue Analysis results can then be used for seismic design purposes and can also be of
value if wind tunnel tests are required.
Controlling the Storey Mass for Eigenvalue Analysis
The storey mass for Eigenvalue analysis is always based on the dead load G plus a fraction of the live load Q. The
degree to which the live load is assumed to participate is controlled by the participation factor (n), which can be
specified on the Lateral Loading tab of the Building Parameters dialog.
Note: For Lateral Load calculations, the storey weight can be based on G or Q or G+nQ. The Live Load
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Participation Factor, (n) does not affect the Notional Load Calculation unless the G+nQ option is selected.
The G and Q components of the Storey Mass/Weight can be derived from the decomposed beam loads, or the
undecomposed slab loads, the choice of option being controlled via the Settings tab of the Building Analysis
Model Options dialog.
The mass/weight determined for the chosen option can be reviewed by hovering the cursor over the Center of
Gravity indicated on the form plan after running a Building Analysis.
If all slabs transfer their loads to beams or walls, either choice should produce a similar mass/weight. However in
flat slab models this is often not the case - the mass determined using the decomposed beam loads option is likely
to be significantly smaller than that from the undecomposed slab loads option. In such models it is important that
the latter option is always selected.
Model Stiffness for Eigenvalue Analysis
The engineer should use section properties that are appropriate for the Eigenvalue Analysis. For columns and
walls this could involve making global stiffness adjustments to model cracked section properties. The ACI code
may be referred to for some guidance in this regard. These adjustments can be made via the Model
Options/Stiffnesses tab of the Building Analysis form.
Controlling the Number of Mode Shapes Required
These are set on the Lateral Loading tab of the Building Parameters dialog.
Graphical Results
To view a mode shape, activate the Displacements button and select the mode shape required from the
Loading menu. Animation can be activated if required from the Displacements menu.
Numerical Results
Numerical output from the analysis consisting of frequencies and mass participations is accessed from the
Report tab Eigenvalue Results Report Button.
Analysis
CSC Web site
Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design

Check these boxes if you want the program to automatically run batch designs of the columns/walls and beams
immediately following the analysis.
Re-select Steel Bars
Any previously designed steel will be checked using the latest analysis results, unless you check the option to reselect steel bars in which case the program will attempt to design new steel for the latest analysis results.
Analysis
CSC Web site
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Axial Load Comparison Report

The "Axial Load Comparison Report" provides a means of verifying the total dead and live load applied to the
building. It also can be used to cross check:
slab loads have been correctly decomposed on to supporting members
gravity load applied matches the building analysis total vertical reaction
gravity load applied matches the FE chasedown total vertical reaction
For further details of how to utilize the Axial Load Comparison Report refer to the Orion Engineers Handbook.
Analysis
CSC Web site
Post Analysis
The analysis produces graphical results for both the Static and Eigenvalue Analysis that can be accessed
simultaneously in the Model and Analysis Results Display. Tabular results can be obtained as an Analysis Results
Report.
Building Analysis
Model and Analysis Results Display
Analysis Results Report
Analysis Output Sign Convention
CSC Web site
Model and Analysis Results Display

The Building Analysis procedure creates a 3-D analytical model of the building which can be viewed using the
Model and Analysis Results Display option located on the Post Analysis tab of the Building Analysis form.
By using options in Analysis Model and Results Display, you can effectively check whether the analytical model
is prepared correctly - you can display details such as frame and nodal loadings, system connectivity information,
rigid end zones, end releases etc.
Again by using the available options, you can review the analysis results such as displacements, axial forces,
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shears, bending moments, torsions, and finite element contours (if using FE Shell walls).
Display of the analytical model can be controlled using the right mouse button and mouse wheel. Rotation
operations can be performed by pressing right mouse button and dragging. Zoom-In and Zoom-Out can be
performed by rotating the mouse wheel. Pan operations can be done by pressing the mouse wheel and dragging.
The following buttons can be used to control the display:
View Settings
The most commonly used view settings can be selected directly from buttons on the toolbar, however other
settings such as node display type, text properties and size, local axis colours etc. can be adjusted by displaying
the View Settings menu.
Print
You can send a high resolution image of the 3-D analytical model to the printer by using the
Print button on the General tab. A print preview is displayed so that you can check the
image before it is printed.
Find Node/Member
This button (located on the General tab) can be used to find an individual node, frame
element or shell element within the 3-D analytical model.
Filter
Particularly for complicated and big-sized models, filtering is essential. By utilising the Filters
button (on the General tab) any unnecessary detail can be removed or restored. You can
remove any storey level, any axis, or member type from the view, enabling you to focus on a
particular detail in the model.
When the Nodes button (on the Elements tab) is depressed the additional related options
on the toolbar become active. Selecting Labels controls the display of node numbers.
Similarly, Supports and Springs display any support/spring assigned to a node if they exist.
Nodal loads assigned to each node can be seen if the nodal Loads option is selected.
Diaphragms can be used to show how nodes are connected to any diaphragms in the model.
When the Frame Elements button (on the Elements tab) is depressed the additional related
options on the toolbar become active. Select Labels to view the member labels. Frame
Numbers are automatically assigned to each element during the analysis model creation. Any
rigid members (including those created for example when Rigid Zones have been specified)
can be displayed using the Rigid Members option.
Point loads and distributed loads acting on beam spans can also be displayed on analytical
model. Select the Frame Loads option for this purpose.
Other details that can be activated for frame elements are Local Axes and Frame Direction
Arrows.
When the Shells button (on the Elements tab) is depressed the additional related options
on the toolbar become active. Select Shell No to view the shell numbers. In order to isolate
shell elements from neighbouring members and easily distinguish the connectivity information,
select the Shrink option.
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Results
Displacements, Frame Element Results and Contours are displayed for the load case or combination selected in
the Loading list.
If an eigenvalue analysis has been performed, mode shapes of the building will have been calculated and the
modes can be selected from the Loading list in order to see the mode shape.
Translation and rotation values at the node points can be displayed either as a resultant or in
each of the global directions. For angled systems, if non-orthogonal displacements are to be
investigated, then the Resultant option can be used.
To animate the displacement display, select Animation.
The decimal precision of the displacement values can be adjusted from Unit and Format
Settings in the Settings menu of the Graphic Editor.
Further configuration options exist in the Displacements section of the View Settings menu
as described below.
Displacements are assigned an automatic scale when first loaded. To increase the scale factor
uncheck the Auto Scale box and enter a value manually into the Display Scale field.
The Cubic Curve option draws the displacements of frame and shell members by making use
of the loading on the elements, otherwise displacements are drawn just at the node points if
this option is removed.
To change the display unit of the displacements, adjust the Displacement Display Unit. If you
select Analysis, then the displacement values will be displayed in whatever unit is used in
analysis.
The speed and number of steps in the animation can be adjusted via the View Settings menu.
For a smooth animation slow-down the speed while increasing the step number.
There are 6 force and moment components related to a frame element each of which can be
displayed from the toolbar:
N: Axial Load,
T: Torsional Moment,
V2-V3: Shear forces along element local axis 2 and 3,
M2-M3 : Bending moments about element local axes 2 and 3.
Select the Labels option to see the diagram values on the display.
Moment or force diagrams are also drawn for the rigid members if you check the Rigid
Members option in the Diagrams section of the View Settings menu.
Diagrams are assigned an automatic scale when first loaded. Uncheck Auto Scale box in the
View Settings menu and enter a value manually into the Scale field to use a different scale.
If a Finite Element Shell Model is used for analytical modelling of walls this button will be
enabled allowing you to display either shaded or line contours for the selected contour type.
There are 9 contour types related to the shell elements, the required type is selected from the
toolbar:
F11: Horizontal Axial Force per unit length,
F22: Vertical Axial Force per unit length,
F12: Shear Force per unit length,
M11: In-plane Bending Moment per unit length,
M22: Out-of-plane Bending Moment per unit length,
M12: Twisting Moment per unit length,
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Displacement X,
Displacement Y,
Displacement Z,
Shell internal forces are given for the unit length of the member.
The number of contour intervals can be adjusted from the View Settings menu.
Use this button to display the legend for the currently selected contour option. The legend will
remain in the view as long as the contour display is active.

Post Analysis
CSC Web site
Analysis Results Report

In order to examine the analysis results calculated at joints, frames and shell elements, press Analysis Output
Report Preparation button in the Post Analysis tab.
Analysis Results dialog will be loaded. You can perform multiple filtering on analysis results by using this tree
structured form. As the default view, model will be categorised in storey basis. By selecting Member Types in
List Type field, you can categorise the results in element basis.
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If you highlight Building title and press >> button, all members in the system (Nodes, Columns, Beams etc.)
will be listed on the Structural Members list on the right.
You can do further selections by expanding the Building title and subselecting any elements under any of the
Storey title. For the items to be transferred to analysis report, select the item on the tree and press >>
button. If you just want to transfer all the elements on Storey01 to the analysis report, ideally select Storey01
title and press >>. In order to exclude the transferred items from the report, select related item from the
Structural Members list and press <<.
Only a few structural members may be transferred to the analysis report. You can expand different titles on the
tree and select multiple structural members by pressing CTRL simultaneously.
After selecting and transferring the structural members, press Next button. A list will be displayed on the
screen containing the names of the elements you selected and transferred. Specify the result type from the
Result Type field. If Frames option is selected, frame members used in the analytical model will be displayed
with their corresponding labels. Internal forces will be reported with respect to the element local axes. Shells
option will be enabled if Finite Element Shell Model is used for wall modelling. Internal forces of each single
shell element will be reported by this option. Select Nodes option to include information and results of the
joints (such as support conditions, coordinates, nodal loads, displacements and rotations). Some structural
members may be consisted of more than one frame element. In order to obtain a single set of results for these
type of members, select Structural Members option. Results will be displayed along global axes. After specifying
the result type for the members, press Next button and specify which combinations or load cases that the
report will be created for.
Load cases and load combinations are listed on the right while the internal force components are on the left.
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Perform multiple or single selections by using CTRL/SHIFT buttons to select from the two lists. Click on the Next
button to continue. If you do not make any selections in one of the two lists, all of the items in the list will be
included in the report.
After building analysis, Axial Load (N), Shear Forces along local axes (V2, V3), Torsional Moment (T), Bending
Moments about the local axes (M2, M3) are calculated at the Columns, Beams and Walls
Printing the Analysis Results Report
As the last step in report creation, specify report options such as the number formats and priorities. You can click
on Create Report button at any time during the steps of report creation described above. Except the first step,
if no selection is done at the other steps, it will be accepted as if all the items are selected in the list, (nothing
selected means everything selected).
Analysis Report will be created in text format after these steps. Print preview of the analysis report prepared can
be obtained by selecting from the Output Reports list on the Post Analysis page of Building Analysis form.
No preview will be available for a report that has not yet been created.
Post Analysis
CSC Web site
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Analysis Output Sign Convention

The sign convention is illustrated in the following figures.
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Positive Definition of Member Forces
Local Axis Directions

Local axis directions are illustrated above for the structural members.
For columns;
Local Axis-1 is always defined from top to bottom along the column longitudinal axis.
If column is of direction 1 or , Local Axis-2 is along the Dir-1 Insertion Axis of the column. Local Axis-3 is defined
according to the right hand rule and is normal to the plane of Local Axis-1 and Local Axis-2.
If column is of direction 2, Local Axis-3 is along Dir-2 insertion axis. Local Axis-2 is defined according to the right
hand rule and is normal to the plane of Local Axis-1 and Local Axis-3.
For walls;
Local Axis-1 is always defined from top to bottom along the wall longitudinal axis.
Local Axis-3 is always normal (pointing out) to the wall panel plane. Local Axis-2 is in the wall panel plane and
perpendicular to Local Axis-3.
For beams;
Local Axis-1 is always along the beam longitudinal axis and defined from start to end point of the beam. (From
bottom to top if beam seems vertical in plan, or from left to right if beam seems horizontal in plan)
Local Axis-2 is always defined along +Z direction. Local Axis-3 is defined according to the right hand rule and is
normal to the plane of Local Axis-2 and Local Axis-1
Right Hand Rule: While Right Hand Thumb shows the local axis-2, rotation direction of our hand is from Local
Axis-3 to Local Axis-1
Post Analysis
CSC Web site
Model Export
Having completed a Building Analysis, you can then use the Model Export page to export the building model
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into a range of modelling/analysis programs for further investigation.

The following software packages: S-FRAME, 3D+, Etabs and SAP2000/Lucas.
Building Analysis
CSC Web site
Reports
Pre-analysis Checks Report
This report summarises basic analysis model data such as storey heights, load combinations, materials and
section properties.
Post-analysis Checks Report
This report summarises the post analysis storey drift checks
Joint Shear Check (HK-2004 only)
For the Hong Kong design code only this report summarises the column-beam joint shear checks.
Analysis Model Echo Report
This report contains tha analysis model data.
Storey Displacements Report
Orion calculates the displacements in the x and y directions and torsion for each load combination for each
storey.
Orion creates building models by using three degrees of freedom in each rigid diaphragm group. These degrees of
freedom are: displacement in x direction, displacement in y direction and torsion. There are displacements
resulting from different load cases at the mass center of each diaphragm.
In the Building Analysis form, Storey Displacements option in the Reports menu can be used to print out the
storey displacements.
Sway Classification Report
This report displays the calculations for determining the sway classification of each storey in the structure. The
calculations vary depending on the active design code. If designing to BS8110, CP65 or HK-2004 the calculations
are in accordance with ACI 318-02. If designing to EC2 the calculations are in accordance with Annex H of that
code.
Beam Load Analysis Report
This report lists the slab loads that decomposed on to each beam along with those loads applied directly to each
beam. It does not include secondary beam reactions.
Eigenvalue Results
If an Eigenvalue Analysis has been performed, an extra button appears on the Reports tab. The Eigenvalue
Results Report provides numerical output from the Eigenvalue analysis consisting of frequencies and mass
participations.
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Building Analysis
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Building Analysis

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Staged Construction Analysis

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Main Topic/Sub Topics

Total/Relative Horizontal Drift Limits

Building Model Validity Check

Perform Building Analysis

Perform Eigenvalue Analysis

Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design

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Axial Load Comparison Report

Model and Analysis Results Display

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Analysis Results Report

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