Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract-In
I.
INTRODUCTION
0-7803-7194-1/01/$10.00
02001 IEEE
10
11
v . MANUAL
AND AUTOMATIC TOLL COLLECTION
The practice of manual toll collection in urban areas
has been criticised in academic and not academic
reports. Sometime the economic Benefit-Cost
evaluation of Manual Toll Collection System
(MTCS) (considering environmental externalities)
could suggest the complete dismissing of this kind
of road pricing. A new raising altemative has been
given by the application of Electronic Toll
Collection (ETC). ETC can be performed by using
an Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) system.
AV1 allows an automated collection of tolls from
subscribers eliminating the need for stopping and
thus effectively reducing vehicle emissions. With
the introduction of AV1 the capacity of a single toll
lane increases significantly reducing and removing
over-saturated bottlenecks. An experimental survey
(Astarita et al. 1998) has showed that a capacity
value of 1200 veh/h for AV1 Lanes based on the
TelepassO system compared to a capacity on
manual lanes between 2 15 and 240 veh!h depending
on heavy vehicles flow rate and price to pay. Such
capacity is reached because in AV1 lanes vehicles
do not need to stop, but they only slow down in
order to be recognised by the system. Many
research paper have been presented starting from
90's on the ETC subject and on the environmental
impact of toll stations and some of them have
studied specific aspects of the problem giving a
clear view of the problem.
A new toll collection system based on mobile phone
payment is proposed here that has a potential to be
interesting for both commuters and occasional
driver.
The system for a toll lane is composed of:
12
jj
- NrA:<l
P od
(2)
If the probability 1'
is known a priori a
confidence interval for the estimation can be found.
We have:
r,'
and:
'
13
sjistem
, -
M,l>,,",,"~l""
oftIw&
0,dlmttarrr
8
Estimated
0 - D Matrix
Traffic counts
ll.~
rlil
!,I
14
Estimation of probabilities p
>
. . .
Ml,miZaflO
orherYm
ordiKqcnces
need
a
close
cooperation
between
telecommunications experts and traffic engineers.
The analysis of methodologies applied to the
management and control of vehicular traffic can be
accomplished only with a good background in
dynamical assignment and real time traffic control.
The risk of over reaction or over-saturation as a
consequence of new control or informative policies
is always to be taken into account especially when
new technologies are applied for the first time on
the field.
Estimated
values of
P
_ _ _ _
ai
X. REFERENCES
[I]
[Z]
[3]
[4]
[SI
[6]
[7]
[XI
[9]
[IO]
[Ill
[I21
[I31
[14]
IX. CONCLUSIONS
This paper has been only a first presentation of
some the many possibilities offered by the use of
mobile phones in traffic management and control.
It is important to remind that all the new studies that
can bring advances in the above described fields
15