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Clark-Global Medical Center

A Clark Green City Hospital: Implementing Varied Visual Stimulation Treatments

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Background of the Problem

Clark Green City: The Philippines Newest Planned-City


The Clark Green City is the newest
ambitious project of the Philippine
Government. Recently approved by the
National

Economic

Development

Authority (NEDA), the Clark Green


City is envisioned to become the
Philippines most modern and first
technologically-integrated city with a
mix of residential, commercial, agro-

Figure 1.1 The Clark Green City Advertisement


Photo
Source: www.rappler.com
/brandrap/stories/63302-is-clark-green-cityfuture-ph

industrial, institutional and information technology developments at the same time


having a green, sustainable and intelligent community for its residents, workers, and
business establishment.1
Located in Sacobia area, Capas, Tarlac, within Clark Special Economic Zone
(CSEZ), the 9,450-hectare land will be convert into a new urban area, almost half size of
Metro Manila. The development will be focused on two key elements: first is on the area
resources and ecosystems defining factors of development, and second is on smart urban
development.2
The development is generally mixed-use and is structured into five districts
defined by their main functions, namely Government District, Central Business District,
Academic District, Agro-forestry Research and Development District, and Wellness,
Recreation and Eco-tourism District.
According to Manila Bulletins Bernie Magkilat, Bases Conversion Development
Authority (BCDA), President and CEO Arnel Paciano Casanova said after conducting a
pre-biddng conference attended by sixteen companies, Clark Green City will be more
inclusive for workers and communities. As of now the development cost of the 2881 www.greencityclark.com
2 Board of Investments, 2014
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Clark-Global Medical Center


A Clark Green City Hospital: Implementing Varied Visual Stimulation Treatments

hectare first phase of the master planned is estimated P1.3 billion. Part of the first phase
is to bring in the critical mass by locating institutions, such as schools, government
offices and hospitals.3

Role of Medical Center in Urban Development


In urban development there is always consideration to the public health. The World
Health Organization (WHO) always suggesting urban planners to create a healthy cities,
to developed a strong understanding that prime determinant status are social and
economic conditions, more over ensuring health for all should not be exclusive to one
political party or a singular profession, it is also suggested that there is always awareness
of the links between public health and urban planning.4
Planned cities must be always consider in planning, as it is plays vital roles for the
city development, as it is quoted by USAID researchers for planned-city Nagpur,
Future steps towards improvement in health care facilities should be based on shift
from a target-oriented to community-oriented approach, particularly planning in
Medicare should encourage and provide incentives for the setting up of muli-specialty
hospitals in the form of access. Nagpur, Maharashtra, India is now rated as Indias
best city to live in, and dubbed as Tiger Capital of India5

Healthcare Industry and the Global Standard


According to Embassy of United States in their Information for Travelers/Residents
(Manila, Philippines), it is said that hospitals in and around Manila often offer highquality medical care. However, even the best hospitals may not meet the standards
provided by hospitals in United States. Many hospitals outside major urban areas may
offer only basic medical care in rudimentary conditions.6

3 Magkalat, Bernie. Clark Green City Phase 1 to cost P 1.3B, Manila Bulletin.
(June 15, 2015).
4 L. J. Duhl and A. K. Sanchez, Healthy Cities and The City Planning Process,
Copenhagen, Denmark, 1999.
5 Indo-USAAID Financial Institution reform and Expansion Project Debt and
Infrastructure Component, City Development Plan: Nagpur, Maharashtra India,
USAID, June 2006, p. 11.
6 Embassy of United States Manila-Philippines,
http://manila.usembassy.gov/wwwhlmed.html, 2011
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Clark-Global Medical Center


A Clark Green City Hospital: Implementing Varied Visual Stimulation Treatments

Due to the near-universal desire for safe and good quality healthcare, there is a
growing interest in international healthcare accreditation. The Joint Commission is a
United States based-accreditation organization, which is widely used standard basis.
So far, Philippines have just made six internationally accredited hospitals, including
one withdrawn from accreditation recently July 10, 2015, compared to Thailands thirtyseven (37) JCI-accredited hospitals.

Research Background

Central Luzon Regional Health Care Statistics


In the Philippines, hospitals care can be physically inaccessible, particularly I rural
and poorer areas of the country due to concentration of both public and private hospitals
in developed areas brought about in part by the lack of a national hospital development
plan.
Region III known as Central Luzon is composed of seven provinces, namely:
Aurora, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales. There are twelve cities
and 118 municipalities, 21 congressional district and 3,102 barangays.
According to 2000 census, Central Luzon has an estimated population of 8,200,151,
with males parting with 58.34%, 0-24 years old bracket. The region is said, has lowest
incidence of poverty with 20.9% in the Philippines with exception of NCR.
According to the study conducted by National Unified Health Research Data Agenda
(NUHRDA), the leading causes of morbidity are acute respiratory tract infection,
diarrhea, and bronchitis which are top three leading cause of morbidity. Followed by
pneumonia, hypertension, skin disease, influenza, parasitism and tuberculosis (TB),
orderly.
While the top five leading causes of mortality are namely: heart disease, cancer,
pneumonia, cardiovascular diseases and tuberculosis. Also followed by diabetes,
hypertension, kidney disease and accidents.7

1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer (all forms)
3. Pneumonia
4. Cardio-Vascular

5-Year Report
2003
(1998-2002)
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
6047
75.48
5716
66.23
3314
41.73
3789
43.90
3181
39.71
2963
34.33
2303
28.75
5008
58.02

7 Yumiaco, Evelyn B., M.D., Health Priorities Region 3, Angeles University


Foundation, NUHRDA, 2005
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Clark-Global Medical Center


A Clark Green City Hospital: Implementing Varied Visual Stimulation Treatments

5. TB Respiratory
6. Diabetes Mellitus
7. Hypertension
8. Chronic Obstructive
9. Kidney Diseases
10. Accidents

1555
850
692
1169
594
2003

19.41
10.61
8.64
14.59
7.42
25.0

1757
1015
718
1609
947
1211

20.36
11.76
8.32
18.64
10.97
14.03

Table 1.1 Mortality, Leading Causes Number and Rate per 100,000 Population, Afive Year Report 19982002 & 2003 for Region 3

As the study suggested by NUHRDA it is said that the top 10 research priority areas
identified were:
1. Tuberculosis
2. Dengue
3. Healthy lifestyle
(nutritional practice)
4. Research and Research
Ethics
5. Degenerative Diseases
11.

6. Environmental Health Risk


and Occupational Health
7. Health Information System
8. Mental Health, Behavioral
Diseases and Autism
9. Health Care Delivery
10. Family Planning

*The detailed statistics about health care in Central Luzon Region known as

Region 3 will be provided at chapter 4.

Page 4

12.
13. General Statement of the Problem
14.
15. Clark Green City Medical Center as a Major Hospital of Region III
16.

Clark Green City is the

Philippines

newest

planned-city

envisioned to be the first smart,


green,

and

disaster-resilient

metropolis in the country. Clarks


Special

Economic

Zone

and

Freeport Zone, which has an airport,


an industrial area, and hectares of

Figure 1.2 Aecom's winning Master Development


Plan
soucre: www.aecom.com

idle lands that happens to sit away from flood and earthquake hazard zones.
17.

As of now, Clark Green City is now on its bidding for its Phase 1, inviting

local and foreign state developers. According to the BCDA President and CEO Paciano
D. Casanova, the area has two components, namely: mixed-use and industrial and part of
first phase is to bring in the critical mass by locating institutions such as schools,
government offices and hospitals.
18.

Modern Hospitals plays vital roles as part of city development, it is the only

institution that providing citizens, patients treatment with specialized staff and
equipment. As planned Clark Green City is going to have hospitals as its needs in
developing the city, as the within the periphery of the said development there is no major
hospital that can perform well competitively to represent the Clark.
19.

The development is planned as being smart, green and disaster-resilient, the

Clark Hospital as being modern must re-establish design of hospital not only being
efficient but also takes the patients psychological needs into account.
20.
21. Varied Visual Stimulation Treatment
22.

The study is proposing to establish a Medical Center for Clark Green City

that will cater its changing needs and increasing phase of population, as the city grows.
A medical center defines a large complex of medical facilities often including hospitals,
research facilities, medical schools and/or other health care facilities. Instead of just
designing a hospital by concerns of environments and human comforts alone, the
proposed project is trying to implement a visual experience.

23.

24. Figure 1.3 Varied Visual Stimulation Treatments, composing of variation of arts
(paints, sculptures, etc), Architecture and Interior Design (e.g. Biophiplic
Architecture,), architectural lightings soothng the patients comfort leading to
increase potentials of healing process

25.

This proposed hospital will become not a traditional institution building, as

the hospital will have various departments all differ in their dimensions, form and
expression. The departments will have one of a kind of architectural expression, while
the treatment of another will have their own expressions.
26.
27.
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
28.
29.
As the Clark Green City is starting to rise, its development is defined as
mixed-use, which each districts have their own main function but still have their mixeduse buildings. Hospitals is always a need in such big development. The study is
proposing a medical center that will cater the development as its progress.
30.
However according to architectural historian Cor Wagenaar, many hospital
even those whom considered themselves as modern are product of continual and often
badly managed growth over decades, they are hardly ever functional, instead of making
patients feel at home, they produced stress and anxiety.
31.
The hospital as to blend to the development of Clark Green city will feature
sustainable and green features. The proposed project is trying to introduce a new style of
designing a hospital. Instead of just designing a hospital by concerns of environments
and human comforts alone, the proposed project is trying to implement a visual
experience.
32.
The hospitals-space will introduce a unique way of communication and
interaction between function, art, and architecture. It intends and aim was that art should
relate to the hospital in a meaningful way and add to the treatment process by soothing
visual experiences of patients as well as staffs as research has shown that experiencing
art has positive health effects and helps treat illnesses.
33.
The hope was that the art would activate in different ways and open to
different cognitive and sensory experiences. Another goal has been that art should have
its own integrity and independence to the building's architecture and design. The artists

desired for it to be read and experienced as art, even if it is integrated into the building's
architecture.
34.
35.
C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
36.
37. Significance to Architecture
38.

The design of hospitals and medical centers has change, getting more and

more innovative over the years. This study also provides an opportunity for Architectural
design and planning to incorporate innovations that can help enhance and cope with the
changes brought about by time. It will have a significant impact on promoting the art
and science of architecture as a way to showing a better planning ensuring the facility
sits well on the urban community where it is located and to show the evolution of
medical center design providing a better and a more patients responsive design in form
of varied visual stimulation treatments.
39.
40. Significance to the Society
41.

Medical Centers are often conceived to support city-wide development of

majority of the populations, also a symbol economic growth of particular place. This
study provides an idea of that art should relate to the hospital in a meaningful way and
add to the treatment process by soothing visual experiences of patients as well as staffs
as research has shown that experiencing art has positive health effects and helps treat
illnesses. The development provides a boost to the countrys medical tourism.
42.
43. Significance to the Users
44.

The study for the development of a medical center and its implementation of

varied visual stimulation treatments which are address to create a soothing environment
for the users and provide study of how arts can be a form of treatment It is also relevant
to acknowledge the importance of a medical center that will be able to accommodate the
number of potential users or delegates that will gratify their maximum necessity while
using the center.
45.

This study presents ways in serving man and promoting a better life in terms

of hospital cares. It responds to the competitiveness of the Filipinos in terms of


regionally and internationally aspects of hospital developments which can lead to a
better medical tourism. And lastly, this study can serve as a relevant guide in the further
development of future medical center and hospitals through the general information that
will be discussed in this document.

46.
47.
D. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
48.
49. Main goal
50.

Establish and create a new Medical Center that will serve as main hospital to

the Clark Green City Development, also to introduce varied visual stimulation
treatments as part of architecture and treatment therapy.
51.
52. Objectives

To design a modern, sustainable and green hospital as blended with the Clark

development.
To contribute to the study of how arts and architecture should help to the treatment

of the patients.
To incorporate art, architecture and medicine, respectively, should be integrate well

to add treatment process by soothing visual experiences.


To establish an associate-learning hospital for any future university schools that will

also build in the development.


To provide expansive plans that can be easily upgraded and provide modern
medicinal facilities.

53.
54.
55.
E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
56.
57. Scope
58.

The scope of the study includes the background of medical center and

implementation of visual stimulation treatments. Facts and data gathered through


different means and resources are clearly discussed in the study as well as the
importance of learning the study. Also included in the studys scope is the
demographical data of those who will use and benefit from the development as well as
their part in the reason why it is relevant to build and establish a medical center at the
particular site. Site analysis, analysis of the medical health aspect and economic trends,
and analysis of different aspects of design development will be tackled that will guide
this study into achieving its goals and objectives. The architectural concept and style
would also be included in the study likewise the incorporation of variation of visual art
and stimulation treatments, also technologies through environmental systems. It also
includes the study of the space programming of the space requirements in designing and
planning of the said development. Likewise, the financing of the project would also be
indicated in this document.

59.
60. Delimitation
61.

The study delimits the structural analysis of the development that involves

computation of loads and such. It also delimits the detailed specifications of mechanical
aspects such as air-conditioning, elevator, and escalator as well as the mechanical
systems of new technological advancement in design.
62.
63.
F. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
64.

Clark Green City is the Philippines newest planned-city envisioned to be the

first smart, green, and disaster-resilient metropolis in the country. Clark Green City is
now on its bidding for its Phase 1, inviting local and foreign state developers. According
to the BCDA President and CEO Paciano D. Casanova, the area has two components,
namely: mixed-use and industrial and part of first phase is to bring in the critical mass
by locating institutions such as schools, government offices and hospitals.
65.

The proposed project will integrate arts, architecture and medicine study to

provide necessary information of creating hospitals of such approach. The study will
provide necessary information to sustainability and green concepts, as it is necessary
requires to Clark Green City development. This study will also contribute to the study of
how arts and architecture should help to the treatment of the patients.
66.
Although the approach has been introduced in the Norway hospital. The
study shall provide some psychological researches that will help to the architecture of
the hospital. The research will provide an appropriate plan that will suits to the needs of
potential users.
67.
68.
G. DEFINITION OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS
69. General textual Definitions
70.

Contextual Definition

71.

They are words, terms, phrases, concepts, or abbreviations silently used in

the write-up form which the readers are not too familiar with the meanings of them are
directly lifted from source such as, dictionaries thesaurus, and other source information.
72.

Operation Definition

73.

They are the terms (standards colloquial), phrase or concepts exclusively

adopted by the researcher either commonly used or coined which have different
meanings as integrated in the write-up. They should clearly define the alluded exclusive
meanings/s as utilized for reading comprehension and understanding thoughts.
74.

75. Definition of Design Elements


76.

These may come later but should be located on this page/section of the study.

They are spatial nomenclatures as given for specific project especially those that are
exclusive on them (projects). Example, runabout, porte-cochere, de-molding area,
holding space, frisking point, and other terms which may not find their presence in any
given structure/project ordinarily.
77.
78.
79.
80.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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