A REPORT

ON
NGE S&C (NEW GENERATION ELECTRONICS
SERVICES AND CONSULTANCY)

BY
1. M. Sai Chandra
2. V. Pradeep Kumar
3. Masood Ali

11STUHHEC0002
11STUHHEC0028
11STUHHEC0030

AT
NGES&C, Begumpet
An Internship Program- III

Faculty of Science & Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

(April, 2015)

A REPORT

ON
NGE S&C (NEW GENERATION ELECTRONICS
SERVICES AND CONSULTANCY)
BY
1. M. Sai Chandra
2. V. Pradeep Kumar
3. M D Masood Ali

11STUHHEC0002
11STUHHEC0028
11STUHHEC0030

Prepared in partial fulfillment of the

Internship Program- III Course

AT
(NGES&C, Begumpet)

Faculty of Science & Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

(April, 2015)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Before we get into the thick of things, we present our whole

hearted compliments, with high regards and warm thanks to
everyone responsible for the completion of this project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Professor D. Ganesh for

his invaluable remarks and supervision towards initiation and
completion of this project work successfully.

We would also like to acknowledge the contribution and

cooperation extended by staff members of our ECE department.
We thank our institution for such an opportunity and their
paralleling extended support without which this project would
have been a distant reality.

Faculty of Science and Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

Station: NGES&C
Duration: 5.5 months
02/01/2015

Centre: Begumpet
Date of start:

Date of Submission:03/06/2015

Title of the Project: NGES&C

Names of the students: M. Sai Chandra, V. Pradeep Kumar, M D

Masood Ali.

Name and Designation of the expert: P.C. Kumar (Managing

Director)

Name of IP faculty: Professor D.Ganesh

Key Words: Electronics, GPS, PCB, Diodes, RFID

Project Areas: Electronics, GSM Module, GPS Modules

Abstract
Abstract: This report provides an overview of NGES&C as a fully functional
B2B company and their routine. It provides details of the company and also
looks into the products produced by the company and explains their
functioning. They have a wide range of products which have been explained
in this report. Scrolling display board is a common sight today. Advertisement
is going digital. The use of led scrolling display board at big shops, shopping
centers, railway station, bus stands and educational institutes is becoming
an effective mode of communication in providing information to the people.
But these off-the-shelf units are somewhat inflexible in terms of updating the
message instantly. If the user wants to change the message it needs to be
done using a computer and hence the person needs to be present at the
location of the display board. It means the message cannot be changed from
wherever or whenever. Also the display board cannot be placed anywhere
because of complex and delicate wiring.
GSM based LED Scrolling Display Board is a model for displaying
notices/messages at places that require real-time noticing, by sending
messages in the form of SMS through mobile. It is a system wherein the
display board need not be reprogrammed to display a new message because
it is wireless. The project aims to develop a moving sign board which
empowers the user to change the scrolling message using SMS service
instantaneously unlike a desk bound device such as PC or laptop.

Signatures of students
Faculty

Signature of IP

Date:

Date:

Table of Contents

I.

Introduction
6
II. Products
7
III. LED
lights.14
1 Technology
overview.15
2 Application.
16
3 Household LED
lamps.17
3.1 Replacement for existing lighting17
3.1.1 Lamp sizes and bases.17
3.1.2 LED tube lamps
19
3.2 Lighting designed for
LEDs.19
4 Specialty
uses.19
5 Comparison to other lighting technologies20

IV. Flood
lights20
V. Scrolling
lights.24

I.

INTRODUCTION

COMPANY PROFILE:

NGE S&C (New Generation Electronics Services & Consultancy)

was established in the year 1993.
NGE S&C has grown to its current position from a small scale
electronics firm in Hyderabad, based on its record of outstanding
service, collaborative partnerships, innovation, and corporate
responsibility.
Its a B2B company which manufactures a variety of products
such as 8051 development boards, GPS tracking devices, GPS
smart receivers and data loggers, agriculture products, etc.

To help clients achieve their business objectives, they provide

innovative, best-in-service consulting, electronic solutions and
actively engage all stakeholders in a productive, collaborative,
and a mutually beneficial relationship.
Their objective is to be one of the best service providers in this
industry globally.

They value integrity, leading change, excellence and respect for

an individual and foster an environment of learning and sharing.
NGE has the ability to deliver high-quality services and
unmatched solutions.
II.

PRODUCTS:

1. GPS Personal Tracker

GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation

SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels
900/1800 or 850/1900 MHz Dual or Quad Bands GSM/GPRS
Module
Offers Emergency SOS Button sending SMS for Help with
Voice
Offers Voice Monitoring around Tracker when emergency
Supports A-GPS for Weak Signals
Geo-fencing capabilities with Event Logging
Logs the GPS data when no mobile signal is available
4 days battery support on standby
Dimension: 55mm x 40mm x 20mm
Application: Personnel Tracking (Children, Elder, etc.), Car
Tracking, Freight Transportation, Travel Tracking,
Police/Security, etc.
2. GPS Tracking Pnd

 GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation

SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels
900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS Module
Application: Car Tracking, Fleet Management, Freight
Transportation, Internet Application, Travel Tracking,
Police/Security, etc.

3. GPS Bluetooth Receiver With Data Logger

Can record Tracking for 90 days

USB Dongle combines GPS, Bluetooth & Data Logger
Built-in Li-ion Battery
Can be used with Laptops, Smart Phones, PDAs, UMPC, etc.
Smart Setting by Interval of Time, Distance, Speed, Stay
Time

 Application: Automatic Vehicle Location, Fleet Management,

Trip Recording, Security, etc.
4. GPS Smart Receiver With Data Logger

GPS Mouse Receiver Type with built-in recording memory

Can record Tracking for 2-4 Weeks
Offers USB & PS2 connectors
USB:
o Can be linked to Laptops
o Can be plugged into a car charger
o PS2: Link to PDAs via hundreds of Y cables
Application: Automatic Vehicle Location, Fleet Management,
Trip Recording
5. GPS Bluetooth Receiver & Tracking Recorder

With LCD Display which shows date, time, longitude,

latitude, elevation, speed, etc.
with SD slot (up to 2GB) and can record tracking for 180-360
days.

 Can be used with Laptops, Smart Phones, PDAs or work by

itself.
SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels
Has a backlight
Application: Personnel & Car Tracking, Travel & Mountain
Climbing, Police/Security, Army, Prospecting, Earthquake
Rescuing, etc.
6. GPS Tracking Mobile

GSM/GPRS 900/1800 or 850/1900 MHz

GPS SiRF-III high sensitivity
GPS tracking functions- SOS, Tracking, Geo Fencing, etc.
Stores positioning data when no GSM signal available
Time of Mobile from GPS automatically
Application: Children, Elder, Patient, Hospital, Police/Security,
etc.

7. Development Board
This is a 8051 Development Board used to implement our own
applications. In this Development Board we have the features
like...
RS-232 Serial Port.

 PS/2 Keyboard Connector.

Relay.
MPC89E52AE Controller.
Port 0,1,2,3 Indicators.
Analog to Digital input.
ADC Test Voltage.
Buzzer.
Infrared Sensor.
4x4 Matrix Keyboard.
7 Segment Displays.
16x2 Character LCD display.
Real Time Clock (Under LCD).
I2C Flash Memory (Under LCD).
I2C Expansion Port.
8. MIFARE Board
The MIFARE development board includes character lcd, relay,
external memory, RTC, RS232 and a simple read only and
read/write transponder to demonstrate multiple contactless
communication.
A manual with source code examples explain how to use the
drivers, enabling you to develop your own applications
quickly.
9. PIC Development Board
This is a PIC Development Board. In this Board we have the
features like...
RS-232 Serial Port.

 PS/2 Keyboard Connector.

PIC 18F4620 Controller.
Port A, B, C, D, E Indicators.
Analog to digital input.
ADC Test Voltage.
PS2 Connector.
Buzzer.
Infrared Sensor.
4x4 Matrix Keyboard.
7 Segment Displays.
Color Graphic LCD Connector.
16x2 Character LCD.
Real Time Clock (Under LCD).
i2c Flash Memory (Under LCD).
i2c Expansion Port.
USB.
SD/MMC-memory card.
SPI Expansion Port.
RF Transmitter and Receiver.
LPT(parallel) Port.
Thermal Sensor.
10.

RFID Dev. Board

The Radio Frequency Identification development board

includes character LCD, relay, external memory, RTC, RS232

and a simple read-only and read/write transponder to

demonstrate multiple contactless communications.
A manual with source code examples explain how to use the
drivers, enabling you to develop your own RFID applications
quickly.
11.

GSM Modem

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM

wireless network.
This GSM modem is connected to a computer through a
serial cable. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem
requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to
operate.
12.

GPS Module

This unit features low power consumption, high sensitivity

and can track number of satellites at one time. The unit is
ideal for navigation systems, distance measurements,
vehicle monitoring and recording.
A series of standard NMEA format messages are provided to
give Position, satellite information, time, etc.

The module can be easily connected directly to a

microcontroller to display and record this information. You
can develop your own GPS navigation system and connect to
a pocket PC for a low cost navigation system. The
possibilities are endless with this easy to use GPS module.

13.

GPS Personal Tracker

GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation

SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels
850/900/1800/1900 MHz 3 or 4 Bands GSM/GPRS Module
Offers Emergency SOS Button sending SMS for Help
Offers Voice Monitoring around Tracker when emergency

 Geo-fencing capabilities with Event Logging

Dimension: 86.7mm x 48.9mm x 32.5mm
Application: Personnel Tracking (Children, Elder, Patient,
etc.), Car Tracking, Freight Transportation, Travel Tracking,
Police/Security, etc.
14.

ZigBee Board

ZigBee has been developed to meet the growing demand for

capable wireless networking between numerous low power
devices.
In industry ZigBee is being used for next generation
automated manufacturing, with small transmitters in every
device on the floor, allowing communication between
devices to a central computer.
15.

Agromate Plus :

Agromate Plus is an extended model to support motors of

any HP
Works for motors of any capacity
Easy to install
Operates with any SIM operator in your region
Use your existing mobile to operate the device
Miss call or SMS to operate
Works with Single phase or Three phase power supply

 Phase preventer power supply unit to protect device and

pump
External antenna for better signal input
Water flow sensor to turn off the motor during dry run
Useful for motors used in farms, factories,etc
Useful for domestic applications such as water heater, A/C
etc.
SMS alerts for motor ON
SMS alerts for motor OFF and duration of run time
SMS alerts when SIM Changed
SMS and also a call from device to alert when Power restored
Register up-to 4 users per device
Android APP for easier usage, status inquiry
Android APP for scheduling the motor run times
LCD display screen
SIM signal indicator on LCD
Motor runs status indicator on LCD
Works with any model of starters
SMS alerts during power failure
Manual ON/OF Feature
16.

Agromate Deluxe :

 Agromate Deluxe is an entry level model

Works for motors up-to 7.5 HP
Easy to install
Operates with any SIM operator in your region
Use your existing mobile to operate the device
Miss call or SMS to operate
Works with Single phase or Three phase power supply
Phase preventer power supply unit to protect device and
pump
External antenna for better signal input
Water flow sensor to turn off the motor during dry run
Useful for motors used in farms, factories,etc
Useful for domestic applications such as water heater, A/C
etc.
SMS alerts for motor ON
SMS alerts for motor OFF and duration of run time
SMS alerts when SIM Changed
SMS and also a call from device to alert when Power restored
Register up-to 4 users per device

 Android APP for easier usage, status inquiry

Android APP for scheduling the motor run times

LED lights
An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is
assembled into a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures.
LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that is several
times better than incandescent lamps, and significantly better
than most fluorescent lamps, with some chips able to emit more
than 100 lumens per watt. The LED lamp market is projected to
grow by more than twelve-fold over the next decade, from $2
billion in the beginning of 2014 to $25 billion in 2023, a compound
annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.[1]
Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g.
tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to full
brightness without need for a warm-up time; the life of
fluorescent lighting is also reduced by frequent switching on and
off. Initial cost of LED is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye
and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over
time.
Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in
replacement for incandescent or fluorescent lamps. An LED lamp
packaging may show the lumen output, power consumption in
watts, color temperature in kelvins or description (e.g. "warm
white"), operating temperature range, and sometimes the
equivalent wattage of an incandescent lamp of similar luminous
output.
Most LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional
characteristics affect the design of lamps. Although through the
progression of time, omnidirectional lamps are becoming more
common, allowing for 360 light spread. The light output of single
LEDs is less than that of incandescent and compact fluorescent
lamps; in most applications multiple LEDs are used to form a
lamp, although high-power versions (see below) are becoming
available.
LED chips need controlled direct current (DC) electrical power; an
appropriate circuit is required to convert alternating current from
the supply to the regulated low voltage direct current used by the
LEDs. LEDs are adversely affected by high temperature, so LED
lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat

sinks and cooling fins.

An assortment of LED lamps commercially available as of 2010 as

replacements for screw-in bulbs, including floodlight fixtures (left),
reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom),
and low-power accent light (right) applications

LED spotlight using 60 individual diodes for mains voltage power

LED light bulb to replace G24 compact fluorescent lamp

Technology overview

Dropped ceiling with LEDlamps

General-purpose lighting needs white light. LEDs emit light in a
very narrow band of wavelengths, emitting light of a color

characteristic of the energy bandgap of

the semiconductor material used to make the LED. To emit white
light from LEDs requires either mixing light from red, green, and
blue LEDs, or using a phosphor to convert some of the light to
other colors.
One method (RGB or trichromatic white LEDs) uses multiple LED
chips, each emitting a different wavelength, in close proximity to
generate white light. This allows the intensity of each LED to be
adjusted to change the overall color.
The second method uses LEDs in conjunction with a phosphor.
The CRI (color rendering index) value can range from less than 70
to over 90, andcolor temperatures in the range of 2700 K
(matching incandescent lamps) up to 7000 K are available.
Application
A significant difference from other light sources is that the light is
more directional, i.e., emitted as a narrower beam. LED lamps are
used for both general and special-purpose lighting. Where colored
light is needed, LEDs that inherently emit light of a single color
require no energy-absorbing filters.

BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta Illumination with color

mixing LED fixtures

Computer-led LED lighting allows enhancement of unique qualities

of paintings in the National Museum inWarsaw.
White-light LED lamps have longer life expectancy and higher
efficiency (more light for the same electricity) than most other
lighting when used at the proper temperature. LED sources are
compact, which gives flexibility in designing lighting fixtures and

good control over the distribution of light with small reflectors or

lenses. Because of the small size of LEDs, control of the spatial
distribution of illumination is extremely flexible, and the light
output and spatial distribution of an LED array can be controlled
with no efficiency loss.
LEDs using the color-mixing principle can emit a wide range of
colors by changing the proportions of light generated in each
primary color. This allows full color mixing in lamps with LEDs of
different colors. Unlike other lighting technologies, LED emission
tends to be directional (or at leastlambertian), which can be either
advantageous or disadvantageous, depending on requirements.
For applications where non-directional light is required, either a
diffuser is used, or multiple individual LED emitters are used to
emit in different directions.
Household LED lamps
Replacement for existing lighting

Disassembled LED-light bulb with driver circuit board and Edison

screw
Lamp sizes and bases[edit]
LED lamps are made of arrays of SMD modules that replace
screw-in incandescent or compact fluorescent light bulbs, mostly
replacing incandescent bulbs rated from 5 to 60 watts. Such
lamps are made with standard light bulb connections and shapes,
such as an Edison screw base, an MR16 shape with a bi-pin base,
or a GU5.3 (bi-pin cap) or GU10 (bayonet fitting) and are made
compatible with the voltage supplied to the sockets. They include
driver circuitry to rectify the AC power and convert the voltage to
an appropriate value, usually Switched-mode power supplies.
As of 2010 some LED lamps replaced higher wattage bulbs; for
example, one manufacturer claimed a 16-watt LED bulb was as
bright as a 150 W halogen lamp. A standard general-purpose
incandescent bulb emits light at an efficiency of about 14 to 17
lumens/W depending on its size and voltage. According to the
European Union standard, an energy-efficient bulb that claims to

be the equivalent of a 60 W tungsten bulb must have a minimum

light output of 806 lumens.

A selection of consumer LED bulbs available in 2012 as drop-in

replacements for incandescent bulbs in screw-type sockets
Some models of LED bulbs are compatible with dimmers as used
for incandescent lamps. LED lamps often have directional light
characteristics. The lamps have declined in cost to
between US$10 to $50 each as of 2012. These bulbs are more
power-efficient than compact fluorescent bulbs and offer lifespans
of 30,000 or more hours, reduced if operated at a higher
temperature than specified. Incandescent bulbs have a typical life
of 1,000 hours, and compact fluorescents about 8,000 hours. The
bulbs maintain output light intensity well over their lifetimes.
Energy Star specifications require the bulbs to typically drop less
than 10% after 6,000 or more hours of operation, and in the worst
case not more than 15%. LED lamps are available with a variety
of color properties. The purchase price is higher than most other,
but the higher efficiency may make total cost of ownership
(purchase price plus cost of electricity and changing bulbs) lower.

High-power LED light bulb

Several companies offer LED lamps for general lighting purposes.
The technology is improving rapidly and new energy-efficient
consumer LED lamps are available.
LED lamps are close to being adopted as the mainstream light
source because of the falling prices and because 40 and 60
wattincandescent bulbs are being phased out. In the U.S.
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 effectively
bans the manufacturing and importing of most current

incandescent light bulbs. LED bulbs have decreased substantially

in pricing and many varieties are sold with subsidized prices from
local utilities.

A 17 W tube of LEDs which has the same intensity as a 45 W

fluorescent tube

LED tube lamps

LED tube lights are designed to physically fit in fixtures intended
for fluorescent tubes. Some LED tube lamps are intended to be a
drop-in replacement into existing fixtures. Others require rewiring
of the fixtures to remove the ballast. An LED tube lamp generally
uses many individual LEDs which are directional. Fluorescent
lamps emit light all the way around the lamp. Most LED tube
lights available can be used in place of T8, T10, or T12 tube
designations, in lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 feet.
Lighting designed for LEDs
LED-wall lamp
Newer light fittings designed for LED lamps, or indeed with longlived LEDs built-in, have been coming into use as the need for
compatibility with existing fittings diminishes. Such lighting does
not require each bulb to contain circuitry to operate from mains
voltage.
Specialty uses

LED Flashlight replacement bulb (left), with tungsten equivalent

(right)

White LED lamps have achieved market dominance in

applications where high efficiency is important at low power
levels. Some of these applications include flashlights, solarpowered garden or walkway lights, and bicycle lights.
Monochromatic (colored) LED lamps are now commercially used
for traffic signal lamps, where the ability to emit bright
monochromatic light is a desired feature, and in strings of holiday
lights.
Comparison to other lighting technologies
See luminous efficacy for an efficiency chart comparing various
technologies.

Incandescent lamps (light bulbs) generate light by passing

electric current through a resistive filament, thereby heating
the filament to a very high temperature so that it glows and
emits visible light over a broad range of wavelengths.
Incandescent sources yield a "warm" yellow or white color
quality depending on the filament operating temperature.
Incandescent lamps emit 98% of the energy input as heat. A
100 W light bulb for 120 V operation emits about 1,700
lumens, about 17 lumens/W; for 230 V bulbs the figures are
1340 lm and 13.4 lm/W. Incandescent lamps are relatively
inexpensive to make. The typical lifespan of an AC
incandescent lamp is 750 to 1,000 hours. They work well with
dimmers. Most older light fixtures are designed for the size and
shape of these traditional bulbs. In the U.S. the regular sockets
are E26 and E11, and E27 and E14 in some European countries.

Fluorescent lamps work by passing electricity through

mercury vapor, which in turn emits ultraviolet light. The
ultraviolet light is then absorbed by a phosphor coating inside
the lamp, causing it to glow, or fluoresce. Conventional linear
fluorescent lamps have life spans around 20,000 and 30,000
hours based on 3 hours per cycle according to lamps NLPIP
reviewed in 2006. Induction fluorescent relies on
electromagnetism rather than the cathodes used to start
conventional linear fluorescent. The newer rare earth
triphosphor blend linear fluorescent lamps made by Osram,
Philips, Crompton and others have a life expectancy greater
than 40,000 hours, if coupled with a warm-start electronic
ballast. The life expectancy depends on the number of on/off
cycles, and is lower if the light is cycled often. The ballast-lamp
combined system efficacy for then current linear fluorescent

systems in 1998 as tested by NLPIP ranged from 80 to 90

lm/W. For comparison, general household LED bulbs available
in 2011 emit 64 lumens/W.

Compact fluorescent lamps' specified lifespan typically

ranges from 6,000 hours to 15,000 hours.

Electricity prices vary state to state and are customer

dependent. Generally commercial (10.3 cent/kWh) and
industrial (6.8 cent/kWh) electricity prices are lower than
residential (12.3 cent/kWh) due to fewer transmission losses.

LED Floodlight The Best for Outdoor Lighting

Floodlight is a type of artificial light which is designed to generate
huge amount of light to a certain area. LED floodlight is floodlight
equipped with LED technology. Floodlight usually uses for large
area of outdoor lighting, such as sports grounds, driveways,
architectures, backyards, gardens, and etc. Compared to LED
spots, LED floodlight offers a wider light beam with stronger
power. Floodlight usually provides a 120 degree illumination
whereas spotlight provides a 45 degree. In other words,
floodlights light up a large area while spotlights light up a specific
small area
Usage of LED Floodlight
Floodlight can be used in various areas, from home to football
pitch. Here you will learn three main uses of floodlight.

For Home: People always put art object in their backyards.

A regular floodlight can help you light them up. There are also
lights with motion sensor. These lights are great for security
lights. Floodlights are great to light up your house too.

For Outdoor: Small outdoor areas like walkways and

driveways are always lit by floodlights. Moreover, road signs,
patios and staircases are in their list too. Commercial
backyards or storefronts are also in this group. These outdoor
areas usually require a stronger powerful light while comparing
to home use.

For Stadium and Stage: High power floods can also light
up large area such as football fields, rugby league field and
others sport grounds. Stage also require a very high power
light to create dramatic lighting in shows. These are the most
power light and light up very huge remote areas.

Floodlights are broad-beamed , high-intensity artificial lights.

They are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an
outdoor sports event is being held during low-light conditions.
More focused kinds are often used as a stage lighting
instrument in live performances such as concerts and plays.

In the top tiers of many professional sports, it is a requirement

for stadiums to have floodlights to allow games to be scheduled
outside daylight hours. Evening or night matches may suit
spectators who have work or other commitment earlier in the day.
The main motivation for this is television marketing, especially in
sports such as Gridiron which rely on TV rights money to finance
the sport. Some sports grounds which do not have permanent
floodlights installed may make use of portable temporary ones
instead. Many larger floodlights (see bottom picture) will have
gantries for bulb changing and maintenance. These will usually be
able to accommodate one or two engineers.

Types of floodlight
The most common type of floodlight is the Metal Halide which
emits a bright white light (typically 75-100 lumens/Watt). Sodium
Vapor Lamps are also commonly used for sporting events, as they
have a very high lumen-to-watt ratio (typically 80-140
lumens/Watt), making them a cost-effective choice when certain
lux levels must be provided.

In the recent years there have been new developments,

and LED technology has come a long way. Now LED flood lights
are bright enough to be used for illumination purposes on large
sport fields. The main reason for the use of LEDs, is the lower
power consumption and the fact that LED bulbs last longer.
Why Choose LED Floodlight?

There are other types of floodlight other than LED. In the market,
incandescent, fluorescent, low pressure sodium halogen and also
HID floodlights are available. Among of them, why is LED
floodlight the best choice?
1. More Durable
A LED have much longer lifetime than other bulbs. A normal
light emitting diode can last for more than 50,000 hours which
is more than 10 times of incandescent and fluorescent.
Besides, LED can work in a wide range of temperature. You
can find LED flood work well even under ice point. This
ensures you can still have enough light for freezing winter.
2. More Cost Effective
LED has a high luminous efficiency, which means that most
energy supplied are turned into light energy. Comparing to
other type of lighting technology, this is incredibly high. In
order words, you can save more money by using less
electricity. Maintenance cost is also lowered because of their
durability. You do not need to replace a new light as frequent
as other types of lights.
3. More Green
LED does not contain any toxic substance such as mercury.
Fluorescent, however, is not mercury free. LED lights contain

nothing harmful to both human and environment. As LEDs

have high efficiency, they produce less greenhouse gases by
using less electricity. This not only saves your wallet, but also
saves the Earth.
By producing the brightest light while using less energy, LED
floodlight is environmental friendly and convenient. Unlike high
pressure sodium lights which lead to global warming, these
artificial lights can reduce energy usage, save the environment,
and lower the cost.

GSM BASED LED SCROLLING DISPLAY BOARD

I.

INTRODUCTION
The project is an implementation to the idea of the wireless
communication between a mobile phone and a display board. This
model combines the advantages of the microcontroller and
wireless

technology,

to

build

an

effective

and

accurate

communication system. The prototype model developed uses the

following major components.

GSM modem-SIM300
Microcontroller- Philips P89V51RD2.
MAX-232 level convertor.
5X7 led dot matrix (size-2inch, character size-50mm)
Shift Register- IC 74LS164.
LED Driver- IC UDN2981.
Current limiting Resistors- 220 ohm.
The administrator (user) uses a simple GSM based handset for
sending messages to display board. The GSM modem used at the
receiver end is used to receive the messages. The sent message
is stored in the SIM of the modem. By issuing proper AT
commands, it is read from the modem and stored in the
microcontroller. In order to reduce the current required for the
module and to simplify the hardware and wiring necessary to
drive the LEDs this design uses Multiplexing. In this technique, at
the max only 30 LEDs are glowing at any one time and hence
power required for display module is reduced.
The led display board accommodates 5x7 led dot matrix displays
with a distance between the rows of pins of 50mm (50mm
character height). Six such display matrixes are used to form a
30x7 display area (30 columns, 7 rows). The preprogrammed
controller is supplied with the standard character set containing
alphabets, but there is also the possibility to program punctuation
marks, symbols, numbers and special characters and implement
simple graphics. For each character a display pattern in the form
of HEX values is stored inside the microcontroller which is termed
as look up table. The microcontroller looks for the pattern and
sends out the data bits serially and clock signal. This data is
shifted by the shift registers. The data is sent on columns and
rows are scanned fast which allows the pattern to be displayed

because of persistence of vision. The row driver IC is used to

source current for LED rows (anodes).
AI.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram of the system is shown in figure 1 and figure 2.

BI.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
There are two major interfacing circuits:
1. The Microcontroller is interfaced with modem via MAX-232
level convertor.
2. The Microcontroller is interfaced with the LED display board.
The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
IV.

HARDWARE PROFILE

A. GSM Modem- SIM300

This is the first block in the receiving section. It consists of a slot
for holding SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card. The message
sent by the user is stored in this SIM card.
Major features of this modem are:
Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS
engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800
MHz and PCS1900 MHz SIM300 provides GPRS multi-slot
class 10 capabilities and support.
Can be used to send SMS, make and receive calls, and do
other GSM operations by controlling it through simple AT
commands from microcontrollers and computers.
The SIM300 allows an adjustable serial baud rate from 1200
to115200 bps (9600 default).
Power supply Single supply voltage 3.4V - 4.5V.

B. MAX-232 level convertor

The MAX-232 is a dual driver or receiver that includes capacitive

voltage generator to supply EIA-232 voltage levels from a single

5-V supply and converts EIA- 232 voltage levels to 5-V TTL/CMOS
levels. The level convertor acts as an interface between the
modem and the microcontroller.
C. Microcontroller- P89V51RD2
P89V51RD2 is a powerful 40 pin microcontroller which provides a
range of features such as:
80C51 Central Processing Unit
64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System
Programming)
5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz
64 kB Flash memory
1024 bytes of data RAM
Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16
mA each)
Three 16-bit timers/counters
Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels. The
microcontroller transmits AT commands to receive the message
which is sent by the user. It receives the message and only keeps
the message part of the response sent by modem. It provides
with the data signal and clock signal for scrolling the message.

D. 5X7 LED Dot Matrix

In a dot matrix display, multiple LEDs are wired together in rows
and columns. This is done to minimize the number of pins
required to drive them. For example, a 5X7 matrix of LEDs would
need 35 I/O pins, one for each LED. By wiring all the anodes
together in rows (R1 through R7), and cathodes in columns (C1
through C5), the required number of I/O pins is reduced to 12.
Each LED is addressed by its row and column number. In the
figure 5, if R4 is pulled high and C3 is pulled low, the LED in fourth

row and third column will be turned on. Characters can be

displayed by fast scanning of either rows or columns. This model
uses Column anode-Row cathode configuration with data signal
on columns and rows are scanned.
E. UDN 2981
The UDN2981 IC is 8-channel source driver IC, used for high-side
switching applications that benefit from separate logic and load
grounds. These 8-channel source drivers are useful for interfacing
between low-level logic and high-current loads. The seven display
matrix rows are selected by the outputs of the source driver
UDN2981 IC. It is TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS Compatible Inputs. It
has 500 mA Output Source Current Capability which is the major
requirement for the display board
F. Shift Register IC- 74LS164
74LS164 is a high speed, 8-Bit Serial-In Parallel-Out Shift Register.
Serial data is entered through a 2-Input AND gate, synchronous
with the LOW to HIGH transition of the clock. The device features
an asynchronous Master Reset which clears the register setting all
outputs LOW independent of the clock. The use of shift registers
minimizes the number of I/O pins required to drive the columns of
the LED matrix.
G. Crystal- 22.1184 MHz
The microcontroller clock is supplied by a standard 22.1184 MHz
crystal. Such a specific crystal is used in order to have a baud rate
of 9600 for serial communication with modem. Also a higher value
of crystal is of prime importance in this project which has the
effect of reducing the flicker seen in the LEDs.
V.

WORKING

A. Reading message from modem.

The GSM modem communicates with the microcontroller through
asynchronous serial communication. The baud rate used here is
9600. In the initialization routine at the start of execution of
program the values of SCON, TMOD and TH1 are set. The
microcontroller transmits a set of AT commands to read the
message sent by the user. Following is the list of AT commands
used to read the message:
AT ..// to initialize the modem
ATE0//to turn echo off
AT+CMGF=1.//to set the message format to TEXT
AT+CNMI=2,1,0,0,0.......//notification of new message
AT+CMGR=1.//to read the stored message
AT+CMGD=1//to delete the message
For the first three commands, the modem responds to the
microcontroller with the message OK. This message is ignored
by the microcontroller. After the execution of the final AT
command, the GSM modem responds with the following long
message.
+CMGR:REC UNREAD, senders
number,Date and time
Message part here
OK
The microcontroller only keeps the message part and discards the
remaining message. This message is stored in the buffer array
which is later used to display the message on the dot matrix led
module.
B. Display Process

Looking at the circuit diagram shown in Figure 3, it can be seen

that the column information for the display LEDs is supplied by
the outputs of the six shift register ICs type 74LS164. The seven
display

matrix

rows

are

selected

by

the

outputs

of

the

microcontroller (P1.0 to P1.7) which control the row driver IC

UDN2981. Two port lines from the microcontroller control the shift
registers. Port 1.5 is the data signal while P1.6 produces the clock
signal. The outputs of UDN2981 are connected to a complete row
of LEDs while the outputs of shift registers are connected via
current limiting resistors to the cathodes of each column of LEDs.
The shift register are capable of sinking current up to 8mA.
The display process begins by writing 0 on all rows. This has the
effect of blanking out all the LEDs at the start. The microcontroller
will take the ASCII code of the character to be displayed from its
internal memory and uses this value to access its corresponding
display pattern in a character generator (look up table). The
controller will then take the first line of the display pattern and
send it out serially to the display shift registers. Any bit in the
pattern that is 1 will turn the LED off, any bit that is a 0 will turn
the LED on. The controller also generates the clock to transfer this
serial data into the shift registers.
This process is repeated for the first line of the other five display
matrix. After this, the first pin of the UDN2981 driving the first row
(R1) is enabled. All of the shift register outputs that are low will
cause these LEDs in the first line to light for a short period. The
same process is now repeated for the second row up to the
seventh row. In row scanning, each row is selected for a very
short time (about 1ms) and the columns are fed with appropriate
logic levels. By quickly scanning across the rows (more than 100
times per second), and turning on the respective LEDs in each
column of that row, the persistence of vision comes into play, and

the display image is perceived as still. This is shown in figure 6.

Figure 7 shows the active LEDs in each row to display the
character A in an 8X8 dot-matrix format. This information for all
printable ASCII characters (0-9, A-Z, a-z, etc.) is stored in the 2dimensional character array.
On evaluating the rows, the HEX values for character A are
(0x8f, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x07, 0x77, 0x77,
0x77)
For the scrolling effect, seven display buffers of size 32 bits are
defined, for storing the bit information of 32x7 LEDs in the matrix.
The content of this array is what to be displayed on the matrix.
The process of scrolling a message starts from right to left. To
move the character from right to left, the column values for all
rows are shifted to left direction with an appropriate amount of
shift step. Once the character has been shifted sufficiently, the
row values of next character in the message are fed. This is done
after scrolling five times per character, in order to accommodate
many characters simultaneously. In each shift, the display buffer
is updated.
Figure 9 explains the status of active LEDs for the display
module. Here the character A has been shifted 3 times to the
left. The values of the Display Buffer [1] for this state is,
11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11100
Figure 10 explains the status of LEDs after two characters has
been shifted. The value of display buffer [1] is
11111 11111 11111 11111 11000
11000

Each character is shifted six times, after which the 5x7 character
is fully loaded in to the display buffer. Then, shifting restarts from
1 again and starts loading the next character from the right, while
the display buffer itself shifts left. This continues until all the
characters in the message are loaded. Once all characters are
loaded, the message keeps scrolling till a new message is
received. When a new message arrives, the microcontroller
automatically stops the display process, extracts the new
message from the SIM card and executes the new display process
scrolling the new message.
VI. FLOWCHART
The operational flowchart of the system is shown in figure 11 and
figure 12.

VII. CONCLUSION
The project explains how we can develop GSM based led scrolling
board, by integrating features of all the hardware components
used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and
placed carefully,thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
The scrolling board successfully displays the message word by
word. The speed of scrolling is controlled using software. The
major constraint of flicker and intensity of LEDs is eliminated by
the use of high frequency crystal.
Due to the use of multiplexing technique, power dissipated by
the LEDs is low. Greater efficiency is achieved by using the
concept of wireless communication. The model can be efficiently
used in restaurants to display the menu, at railway station in case
of cancellation of trains, in educational institutes for faster
communication of notices or messages, banks and bus stands.

The system can also be employed in hotels, rooms in cases of

emergency. The major advantage of this model is that the person
can change the message at any point with no constraint of
distance. There can be latency involved in delivering the message
to the GSM modem and hence it is advisable to use a high
standard modem with good range capability (use of better
antenna).
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
The model can be utilized to display temperature in case when
there is no message to be displayed. With proper use of interrupt
routines the incoming message will act as an interrupt, the
temperature display is halted and the control flow jumps over to
the

specific

interrupt

service

routine

which

displays

the

information field. Another improvement in this model can be of

broadcasting the same message to multiple display boards. This
can be achieved with the use of clone SIM cards. Multilingual
message display can be another variation in this model. The
message can be first received, displayed in standard language.
The same message can be converted to another language and
the message can be displayed.
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank all the important people who have helped
us in completing this paper. We would like to thank our Principal
Dr.U.V.Bhosle and
Telecommunication

Prof.

S.D.Patil,

Department,

H.O.D of
Rajiv

Electronics and

Gandhi

Institute

of

Technology, Mumbai for providing us an opportunity to work on

the project GSM Based LED Scrolling Display Board. We sincerely
thank our project guide Prof. Surendra Sutar, Department of
Electronics

and

Telecommunication

whose

help,

stimulating

suggestions, knowledge and experience helped us at all the time

during the study and analysis of the project.
X.

IMAGES

FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE

SYSTEM.

FIGURE 2: LED DOT MATRIX DISPLAY BOARD, 30

COLUMNS AND 7 ROWS.

FIGURE 3: INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER WITH

LED DISPLAY BOARD.

FIGURE 4: INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER WITH

GSM MODEM VIA MAX-232

FIGURE 5: COLUMN ANODE AND ROW CATHODE

CONFIGURATION OF LED MATRIX.

IGURE 6: ROW SCANNING AND COLUMN

DATA.

FIGURE 8: DISPLAY PATTERN FOR THE

ALPHABETS.

FIGURE 9: DISPLAY AFTER SHIFTING 3 BITS OF

CHARACTER A

FIGURE 11: FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM- 1

FIGURE 12: FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM- 2

44