Professional Documents
Culture Documents
C. Harper Anderton
FAETWPSWN0814 2014
Contents
SONET, the Current Standard ....................................................................................................................... 1
Core vs. Metro vs. Access.............................................................................................................................. 2
Core Network ............................................................................................................................................ 2
Metro/Aggregation ................................................................................................................................... 2
Access........................................................................................................................................................ 2
What is an All Purpose Transport Network (APTN) ...................................................................................... 3
Packet Based Networks............................................................................................................................. 4
Connection Oriented Ethernet (CoE) .................................................................................................... 5
MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) .................................................................................................. 6
MultiProtocol Label Switching-TP (MPLS-TP) ....................................................................................... 7
Comparing SONET, CoE and MPLS ........................................................................................................ 7
The All Purpose Transport Network.............................................................................................................. 8
Integrating Multiple Technologies ........................................................................................................ 9
FAE Telecoms All Purpose Transport Network Infrastructure ................................................................... 11
About the Author ........................................................................................................................................ 12
As a well-established technology
o Well known how to deploy
o There are many systems available to monitor it
o SONET troubleshooting is well understood
It delivers dedicated bandwidth with channelized transport
It is deterministic latency and jitter are controlled
It is manageable with standard performance indicators
It is reliable with sub-50ms protection switching
All of which made SONET an ideal backbone to support a myriad of different application specific
requirements that were continuously being introduced. Each of these different connection layers
tended to be supported by different communication and connection protocols including physical
interface differences, particularly where low speed serial and analog communications (e.g. C37.94, RS232/422, FXS/FXO, etc.) were required.
Core Network
The core network is increasingly multi-service running both IT and telecom applications running over
carrier-grade optical OC-192 that provides SONET and/or 10Gb Ethernet transport. Fiber (as either
privately owned or a mix of private fiber and commercial Ethernet services) is the preferred medium, as
even higher aggregate bandwidth rates can be achieved by upgrading existing fiber with wave division
multiplexing technologies.
Metro/Aggregation
The metro/aggregation network is the focal point for the aggregation and management of the many
different access network protocols, with OC-48/1 GB Ethernet infrastructure providing the key interface
to the high speed core network, using a Multi-Service Provisioning Platform.
Access
The access network is where the significant migration issues lie. This is where the key legacy
asynchronous devices are still residing today. These legacy devices offer proven reliability, employing
such protocols as EIA-232/V.24, EIA-422/V.11, EIA-449/V.36, and EIA-530 to transmit low-overhead, lowspeed (e.g.115.2 kbps) control data streams as well as mission critical voice communications, including
encryption and E&M signaling.
TDM multiplexers are employed today to combine asynchronous outputs for transmission across a
synchronous-serial V.35, X.21, T1, or E1 composite to ensure the low latency and guaranteed delivery
required by the legacy applications.
Bandwidth 2006-2010
Bandwidth 2011-2015
1 DS3
1 DS3
4 DS1
4 DS1
2 DS1
1 DS1
1 DS0
1 OC3
1 OC3
8 DS1
8 Ds1
4 DS1
2 DS1
1 DS0
Driving utilities to look for ways to better utilize the available bandwidth and integrate with IT and
corporate applications that are also running on the backbone.
Carriers have also moved their networks from SONET to packet (a far easier task as they do not the
legacy applications to support they just discontinue them!), the market for SONET equipment has
decreased to the point where many manufacturers are no longer supporting it.
Packet based (Ethernet and IP) network topologies are seen as the way of the future, however there are
technical issues with any new infrastructure supporting those legacy applications which need the
assurance of constant time factors present in Time Division Networking, which has been the
fundamental technology for critical network infrastructures over the past fifty years.
Whilst both of these are packet based they take different approaches to carrying the different multiple
traffic types supported in a utilities network.
From a utility network architecture perspective, the ultimate goal is having a single network
infrastructure handling all required data traffic flows. A complete solution architecture built on one
technology that can offer legacy service emulation in addition to new multipoint services is very
appealing, especially if that one technology can meet the service requirements of both past, present,
and future utility applications.
Where these different technologies sit in the hierarchy of the OSI 7 Layer Model is shown in the table
below:
This ubiquitous network is the story being told by the packet equipment vendors and on the surface it is
a very compelling one.
Peeling back the layers and taking a good look under the hood throws up issues regarding the support
for the legacy applications (which are not going away in the short term) and migration how do we get
from todays SONET infrastructure to the Next Generation Network in an orderly fashion.
Connection Oriented Ethernet (CoE)
CoE is a layer 2 switching technology that closely resembles SONET. As its name suggests, CoE is
primarily focused at connection oriented (point to point and point to multipoint) network topologies.
This makes CoE is an ideal technology in the access and metro/aggregation portions of the network
particularly where low cost, guaranteed performance and high security are required, such as substation
backhaul connections. It is also ideal where a user wants the look and feel of TDM, but the lower cost
and greater simplicity of the packet world, while still having the ability to configure determinism and
low-latency similar to TDM:
Create defined back up paths across the network with known latency.
MPLS operates at a layer that is generally considered to lie between traditional definitions of layer 2
(switching) and layer 3 (routing), and thus is often referred to as a layer 2.5 protocol. MPLS provides a
connection-like service for IP (and other protocols) in that it has the mechanism to establish a path
across the network, end-to-end, but it is still a hop-by-hop forwarding mechanism (the decision where
to route the packet is made at each node the packet passes through). As a new node is added to the
network then all possible routes through the network need to be recalculated and managed (not a trivial
matter in a network with hundreds of nodes)
Back up routes are predetermined and therefore latency on these routes is not deterministic.
MultiProtocol Label Switching-TP (MPLS-TP)
As the name implies, MPLS-TP (MPLS-Transport Protocol) is a variant of MPLS. It is a layer 2 connectionoriented packet-switched (CO-PS) application. It was developed by the IETF to address concerns that
MPLS was too complex for deployment at the edge of the network. It is a dedicated MPLS
implementation that removes features that are not relevant to CO-PS applications and adding
mechanisms that provide support of critical transport functionality.
Comparing SONET, CoE and MPLS
(For a more detailed comparison of CoE and MPLS see FAE Telecoms Whitepaper The Packet Wars
CoE vs MPLS)
Whilst packet based infrastructures have become the de-facto solution in the core of the network, the
debate is now about how far toward the edge does it make sense to push more complex infrastructures.
Core
Metro/Aggregation
Access
An APTN integrates the best technology for each area, supporting both current and future technologies
alongside each other, enabling the controlled and orderly migration of the legacy applications as the
technology develops to support them.
This support of multiple physical infrastructures for connecting remote locations into the network,
recognizes that although fiber is today the preferred choice, there are many factors (cost, geography,
timescale), that makes fiber an unjustifiable solution in many locations.
The APTN Multi-Services Provisioning Platform (MSPP) serves as both TDM and Ethernet/IP integration
at the access and metro/aggregation areas of transport. This platform provides the ideal migration path
to the Next Generation Network (NGN) as it supports all traffic from all sources on a common transport
backbone or uplink into either an all packet core being carried over optical paths, or into a current
SONET network at the same time.
This allows mission critical legacy data applications and the special voice services that need to maintain
the reliability of TDM trunks to remain in service as far into the future as needed.
At the same time they support full mapping to Gig-Ethernet transport for all those IP based applications
that are ready to take advantage of the CORE networks lower cost per bit for supporting the new
applications that are moving large amounts of information on TCP/IP.
An APTN solution can be applied to all networks large and small, with FAE Telecom offering the
technology and services in a one stop solution. FAE Telecom can define, design and deliver a completely
new and optimized transport network that will take advantage of APTN hardware and software to
significantly reduce OPEX costs.
PO Box 2842
Acton, MA 01720
info@FAETelecom.com
www.FAETelecom.com
855.GO-FAETEL (855.463.2383)