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STRUCTURA

AL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN


N - ECS328
STEEL BEAM
M DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14
M

C
Clause

R
Remarks
Example of
o Design fo
or Laterally Restrained
R
Beam
n is loaded with
w uniform
mly distributted loading
g
A steel beam section
Gk = 8 kN//m and Qk = 6 kN/m. Beam
B
was ffully restrain
ned and seat
on 100mm
m bearings at
a each end. (Ignore sself-weight of steel
beam)

E
EN1990
1. DESIGN LOADING / ACTION
Table A1.2(B)
on, FEd = G Gk + Q Qk (eq 6.10)
Combinattion of Actio
= (1.35 x 8kN/m) + (1.5 x 6kN/m)
= 19.8 kN/m
Design Ben
nding Mom
ment, MEd
(FEd x L2) / 8 = (19.8 kN/m
k
x 8m x 8m) / 8
= 158.4 kNm
k

MEd = 158.4 kNm


m

Design She
ear Force, VEd
(FEd x L) / 2

= (19.8 kN/m
k
x 8m) / 2
= 79.2 kN
N

VEd = 79.2 kN

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

2. SELECTION OF SECTION
Required Plastic Modulus , Wply = MEd / (fy / MO )
6.1 (1)
Table 3.1

Partial factor for particular resistance, M


Resistance of cross-sections whatever the class, MO = 1.0
Assume the nominal thk. of flange and web is less than 40mm and
advance UKB S275 to be used, .: yield strength, fy = 275N/mm2
.: Required Plastic Modulus , Wply = MEd / (fy / MO )
=158.4 x 106 / (275 / 1.0)
=576cm3
From Table of Properties, select 356 x 171 x 51kg/m UKB provided
896cm3 of Plastic Modulus

356 x 171 x
51kg/m UKB

Section Properties for 356 x 171 x 51kg/m UKB


Depth of Section, h
Width of Section, b
Thk. Flanges, tf
Thk. of Web, tw
Root Radius, r
Depth between Fillet, d
Ratio Local Buckling (flange), cf/tf
Ratio of Local Buckling (web), cw/tw
Second Moment Area, Iyy
Second Moment Area, Izz
Radius of Gyration, iy
Radius of Gyration, iz
Elastic Modulus, Wely
Elastic Modulus, Welz
Plastic Modulus, Wply
Plastic Modulus, Wplz
Area of Section, A

= 355 mm
= 171.5 mm
= 11.5 mm
= 7.4 mm
= 10.2 mm
= 311.6 mm
= 6.25 mm
= 42.1mm
= 14,100 cm4
= 968cm cm4
= 14.8 cm
= 3.86 cm
= 796 cm3
= 113 cm3
= 896 cm3
=174 cm3
=64.9 cm2

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

3. CLASIFICATION OF SECTION
Table 3.1

Take steel grade as S275 and tf = 11.5 mm < 40 mm


.: fy = 275 N/mm2

fy = 275 N/mm2

Web
Table 5.2(1)

= 0.92 and cw/tw = 42.1 < 72


.: Web section was Class 1
Flange

Table 5.2(2)

= 0.92 and cf/tf = 6.25 < 9


.: Flange section was Class 1
Both section was
Class 1

.: Both section was Class 1


4.RESISTANCE OF CROSS- SECTION SUBJECT TO BENDING AND
SHEAR
6.2.6
6.2.6(1)

Shear
The design value of the shear force VEd at each cross section shall
satisfy:
VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)

6.2.6(2)
6.2.6(3a)

Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)


Shear area, Av for rolled I section
Av = A 2btf + (tw + 2r) tf but not less than nhwtw
Av = 6400 2( 171.5)(11.5) + (7.5 + 2(10.2))11.5
= 2776.35 mm2
hw = h 2tf
hw = 355 2(11.5)
= 332 mm
n may be conservatively taken equal to 1.0.
.: nhwtw = 1.0 x 332 x 7.5
= 2490 mm2
Since Av > nhwtw .: take Av = 2776.35 mm2

Av = 2776.35 mm2

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

.: Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)


= [ 2776.35 (275/3)] / 1.0
= 440.8 kN

Vc,Rd =440.8 kN

VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)


79.2 / 440.8 = 0.18
Since VEd /Vc,Rd 1 .: Section was satisfactory for shear resistance
6.2.8(1)(2)(3)

Bending & Shear


If VEd > 0.5 Vc,Rd .: moment resistance, Mc,Rd should be taken as the
design resistance of the cross-section, calculated using a reduced
yield strength, (1 ) fy where = ((2VEd/Vpl,Rd) - 1)2
In this case, VEd < 0.5 Vc,Rd .: no reduction of moment resistance,
Mc,Rd

6.2.5
6.2.5(1)

Bending
The design value of the bending moment MEd at each crosssection shall satisfy:
MEd /Mc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.12)

6.2.5(2)

For Class 1 section, Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = (Wpl x fy)/ MO (eq. 6.13)


.: Mc,Rd = (896x103 x 275)/ 1.0
= 246.4kNm

Mc,Rd = 246.4kNm

MEd /Mc,Rd =0.64


Since MEd /Mc,Rd < 1 .: section was satisfactory for moment
resistance

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

6.2.6(6)

5. RESISTANCE TO SHEAR BUCKLING


In addition the shear buckling resistance for webs without
intermediate stiffeners should be according to section 5 of EN
1993-1-5, if:
hw/tw > 72/n (eq. 6.22)
hw/tw = 332 / 7.5
= 44.3
72/n = 72(0.92)/1.0
= 66.24
Since hw/tw < 72/n .: no further check on resistance for shear
buckling

BS EN 1993-15:2006
8(1)

6. RESISTANCE TO FLANGE INDUCED BUCKLING


To prevent the compression flange buckling in the plane of the
web, the following criterion should be met:
hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) (eq.8.1)
Aw = hw x tw
= 332 x 7.5
= 2490 mm2
Af = b x tf
= 171.5 x 11.5
= 1972.25 mm2
For Class 1, plastic rotation utilize, hence k = 0.3
k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc) = 0.3 (210x103/275) ((2490/1972.25))
= 257.41
Since hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) .: section is prevent the
compression flange buckling in the plane of the web

7. RESISTANCE OF WEB TO TRANSVERSE FORCE (WEB BUCKLING)


5

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

6.2(1)

For un-stiffened or stiffened webs the design resistance to local


buckling under transverse forces should
be taken as:
FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)
Effective length for resistance to transverse forces, Leff
Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)

6.4(1)

Reduction factor, XF
XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)
F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)
Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)
For webs without longitudinal stiffeners kF should be obtained from
Figure 6.1. For webs with longitudinal stiffeners kF may calculated
from the equation 6.6
kF = 2 + 6 [(ss + c)/ hw]

Figure 6.1 (c)


6.5(3)

For type (c) in Figure 6.1, effective loaded length, ly should be


taken as the smallest value obtained from the equation 6.11 or
equation 6.12 :
ly = le + tf [(m1/2) + (le/tf)2 + m2] (eq. 6.11)
ly = le + tf m1 + m2 (eq. 6.12)
le = kF E tw2/2fyw hw ss + c (eq.6.13)

6.5(1)

m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)


m2 = 0.02 ( hw/tf)2 if F > 0.5 (eq. 6.9)
m2 = 0 if F 0.5 (eq. 6.9)

kF = 2 + 6 [(ss + c)/ hw] (Figure 6.1 (c))


= 2 + 6 [(100 + 0)/ 332]
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MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

= 3.81
le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw ss + c (eq.6.13)

kF = 3.81

le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw
= (3.81x 210 x103 x 7.52)/(2 x 275 x 332)
= 246.47mm
ss + c = 100 + 0
= 100mm
Since le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw ss + c .: take le = 100mm
m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)
=(275 x 171.5) / (275 x 7.5)
= 22.87

le = 100mm

m2 = 0.02 ( hw/tf)2
= 0.02 ( 332/11.5) 2
= 16.70

m1 = 22.87

ly = le + tf [(m1/2) + (le/tf)2 + m2] (eq. 6.11)


= 100 + 11.5 [(22.87/2) + (100/11.5)2 + 16.7]
= 217.13mm

m2 = 16.70

ly = le + tf m1 + m2 (eq. 6.12)
= 100 + 11.5 22.87 + 16.7
= 172.34mm
Choose the lesser value from eq. 6.11 and eq. 6.12 .: ly = 172.34
ly = 172.34mm

Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)


= 0.9 (3.81) (210x103) ( 7.53 / 332)
= 915, 024 N
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MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)


= (( 172.34 x 7.5 x 275) / 915,024)
= 0.62
Since F = 0.62 > 0.5 .: value for m2 acceptable.

Fcr = 915, 024 N

F = 0.62

XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)


= 0.5 / 0.62
= 0.81 1.0 .: take XF = 0.81
Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)
= 0.81 x 172.34
= 139.6mm

XF = 0.81

FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)


= (275 x 139.6 x 7.5)/1.0

Leff = 139.6mm

Since FRD > VEd .: section is adequate for resistance of web to


transverse force

FRD = 287.93 kN

= 287.93 kN

8. DEFLECTION
dactual = 5wL4 / 384 EI
= (5x6x80004)/(384x210x103x141x106)
= 10.8mm
dallow = span/360
= 8000/360
= 22.22mm
Since dallow > dactual .: section is satisfactory for deflection

Clause

Remarks
Example of Design for Laterally Restrain Beam
Support for a conveyor. Part of the support for a conveyor consists
8

MAT

STRUCTURA
AL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN
N - ECS328
STEEL BEAM
M DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14
M

of a pair of
o identical beams as shown in fiigure below
w. Each be
eam
is connectted to a sta
anchion at end A by a cleat and is supporrted
on across beam at D by boltin
ng through the conne
ecting flang
ges.
Lateral resstraint is prrovided by
y transverse
e beams a
at A, B and E
connected
d to rigid supports.
s
Th
he loads sh
hown are a
at the ultimate
limit state.

1. DESIGN LOADING / ACTION

MEd = 825 kNm

VEd = 375 kN

2. SELECTIO
ON OF SECTTION
Required Plastic
P
Mod
dulus , Wply = MEd / (fy / MO )
9

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

6.1 (1)

Partial factor for particular resistance, M


Resistance of cross-sections whatever the class, MO = 1.0

Table 3.1

Assume the nominal thk. of flange and web is less than 40mm and
advance UKB S355 to be used, .: yield strength, fy = 355N/mm2
.: Required Plastic Modulus , Wply = MEd / (fy / MO )
=825 x 106 / (355 / 1.0)
=2324cm3
From Table of Properties, select 533 x 210 x 101 kg/m UKB provided
2610cm3 of Plastic Modulus

533 x 210 x 101


kg/m UKB

Section Properties for 533 x 210 x 101 kg/m UKB


Depth of Section, h
Width of Section, b
Thk. Flanges, tf
Thk. of Web, tw
Root Radius, r
Depth between Fillet, d
Ratio Local Buckling (flange), cf/tf
Ratio of Local Buckling (web), cw/tw
Second Moment Area, Iyy
Second Moment Area, Izz
Radius of Gyration, iy
Radius of Gyration, iz
Elastic Modulus, Wely
Elastic Modulus, Welz
Plastic Modulus, Wply
Plastic Modulus, Wplz
Area of Section, A

= 536.7 mm
= 210 mm
= 17.4 mm
= 10.8 mm
= 12.7 mm
= 476.5 mm
= 4.99 mm
= 44.1 mm
= 61,500 cm4
= 2690 cm4
= 21.9 cm
= 4.57 cm
= 2290 cm3
= 256 cm3
= 2610 cm3
=399 cm3
=129 cm2

3. CLASIFICATION OF SECTION
Table 3.1

Take steel grade as S355 and tf = 17.4 mm < 40 mm


.: fy = 355 N/mm2
10

fy = 355 N/mm2
MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

Web
Table 5.2(1)

= 0.81 and cw/tw = 44.1 < 72


.: Web section was Class 1
Flange

Table 5.2(2)

= 0.81 and cf/tf = 4.99 < 9


.: Flange section was Class 1
Both section was
Class 1

.: Both section was Class 1


4.RESISTANCE OF CROSS- SECTION SUBJECT TO BENDING AND
SHEAR
6.2.6

Shear

6.2.6(1)

The design value of the shear force VEd at each cross section shall
satisfy:
VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)

6.2.6(2)

Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)

6.2.6(3a)

Shear area, Av for rolled I section


Av = A 2btf + (tw + 2r) tf but not less than nhwtw
Av = 12,900 2( 210)(17.4) + (10.8 + 2(12.7))17.4
= 6221.8 mm2
hw = h 2tf
hw = 536.7 2(17.4)
= 501.9 mm
n may be conservatively taken equal to 1.0.
.: nhwtw = 1.0 x 501.9 x 10.8
= 5420.52 mm2
Since Av > nhwtw .: take Av = 6221.8 mm2

Av = 6221.8 mm2

.: Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)


= [6221.8 (355/3)] / 1.0
= 1275.22 kN

Vc,Rd =1275.22 kN

11

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)


375 / 1275.22 = 0.29
Since VEd /Vc,Rd 1 .: Section was satisfactory for shear resistance
6.2.8(1)(2)(3)

Bending & Shear


If VEd > 0.5 Vc,Rd .: moment resistance, Mc,Rd should be taken as the
design resistance of the cross-section, calculated using a reduced
yield strength, (1 ) fy where = ((2VEd/Vpl,Rd) - 1)2
VEd = 375kN and 0.5 Vc,Rd = 0.5 x 1275.22
= 637.61kN
In this case, VEd < 0.5 Vc,Rd .: no reduction of yield strength, fy for
moment resistance, Mc,Rd

6.2.5

Bending

6.2.5(1)

The design value of the bending moment MEd at each crosssection shall satisfy:
MEd /Mc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.12)

6.2.5(2)

For Class 1 section, Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = (Wpl x fy)/ MO (eq. 6.13)


.: Mc,Rd = (2.61 x 106 x 355) / 1.0
= 926.6kNm

Mc,Rd = 926.6kNm

MEd /Mc,Rd =0.89


Since MEd /Mc,Rd < 1 .: section was satisfactory for moment
resistance

5. RESISTANCE TO SHEAR BUCKLING


In addition the shear buckling resistance for webs without
intermediate stiffeners should be according to section 5 of EN
12

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

1993-1-5, if:
6.2.6(6)

hw/tw > 72/n (eq. 6.22)


hw/tw = 501.9 / 10.8
= 46.47
72/n = 72(0.81)/1.0
= 58.32
Since hw/tw < 72/n .: no further check on resistance for shear
buckling

BS EN 1993-15:2006

6. RESISTANCE TO FLANGE INDUCED BUCKLING

8(1)

To prevent the compression flange buckling in the plane of the


web, the following criterion should be met:
hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) (eq.8.1)
Aw = hw x tw
= 501.9 x 10.8
= 5,420.52 mm2
Af = b x tf
= 210 x 17.4
= 3,654 mm2
For Class 1, plastic rotation utilize, hence k = 0.3
k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc) = 0.3 (210x103/355) ((5,420.52/3,654))
= 216.15
Since hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) .: section is prevent the
compression flange buckling in the plane of the web

7. RESISTANCE OF WEB TO TRANSVERSE FORCE (WEB BUCKLING)


6.2(1)

For un-stiffened or stiffened webs the design resistance to local


buckling under transverse forces should be taken as:
13

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)


Effective length for resistance to transverse forces, Leff
Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)
6.4(1)

Reduction factor, XF
XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)
F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)
Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)
For webs without longitudinal stiffeners kF should be obtained from
Figure 6.1. For webs with longitudinal stiffeners kF may calculated
from the equation 6.6

Figure 6.1 (c)

kF = 2 + 6 [(ss + c)/ hw]

6.5(2)

For type (a) and (b) in Figure 6.1, effective loaded length, ly should
be taken as :
ly = ss + 2tf ( 1 + m1+m2 ) (eq. 6.11) but ly distance between
adjacent transverse stiffeners.

6.5(1)

m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)


m2 = 0.02 ( hw/tf)2 if F > 0.5 (eq. 6.9)
m2 = 0 if F 0.5 (eq. 6.9)

At D, two UB intersect which 533210101kg/m upper load carrying


beam ABCDE and 610229140kg/m lower support beam at D.
From Table of Properties, UB section for 610229140kg/m
14

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

Depth of Section, h
Width of Section, b
Thk. Flanges, tf
Thk. of Web, tw
Root Radius, r

617.2 mm
230.2 mm
22.1 mm
13.1 mm
12.7 mm

hw = (h2tf)
= 617.2 (222.1)
= 573 mm
ss = 2tf + tw + (2 2)rb
= (2 22.1) + 13.1 + (2 2)12.7
= 64.74 < hw = 573 mm

kF = 6 + 2 (hw/)2 (Figure 6.1 (a)). Assume is large value


=6
m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)
=(355 x 210) / (355 x 10.8)
= 19.4

kF = 6

m1 = 22.87

m2 = 0.02 (
= 0.02 (501.9/17.4) 2
= 16.64
hw/tf)2

m2 = 16.64

ly = ss + 2tf ( 1 + m1+m2 )
= 64.74 + 2(17.4) (1+19.4 + 17.4)
= 310.65 mm

Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)


= 0.9 (6) (210x103) ( 10.83 / 501.9)
= 2,846.2 x 103 N

15

ly = 310.65 mm

Fcr = 2,846.2x103 N

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)


= ((310.65 x 10.8 x 355) / 2,846.2 x 103)
= 0.65
XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)
= 0.5 / 0.65
= 0.77 1.0 .: take XF = 0.77

F = 0.65

XF = 0.77

Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)


= 0.77 x 310.65
= 239.2 mm

Leff = 239.2 mm

FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)


= (355 x 239.2 x 10.8)/1.0

= 917.1 kN

FRD = 917.1 kN

Since FRD > VEd at D .: section is adequate for resistance of web to


transverse force

Additional notes on resistance of web to transverse force (web


buckling)
BS EN 1993-1-5distinguishes between two types of forces applied
through a flange to the web:
16

MAT

STRUCTURA
AL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN
N - ECS328
STEEL BEAM
M DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14
M

(a) Forces resisted by


y shear in th
he web for l oading typ
pes (a) and (c)
(b) Forces transferred
d through th
he web dire
ectly to the
e other flang
ge
for loading
g type (b)

Figure 6.1: Buckling Co


oefficient forr different typ
pes of load a
application (BS
EN 1993-1-5)
1

For loading
g types (a) and (c) the
e web is like
ely to fail ass a result off
(i) crushing
g of the web close to the
t
flange accompan
nied by
yielding off the flange
e, the comb
bined effec
ct sometime
es referred tto
as web cru
ushing
(ii) Localize
ed buckling
g and crush
hing of the w
web benea
ath the
flange, the
e combined
d effect som
metimes re ferred to ass web
crippling.

For loading
g type (b) the
t
web is likely to fail as a result of
(i) web cru
ushing
(ii) Buckling
g of the we
eb over most of the de
epth of the member

17
7

MAT

STRUCTURA
AL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN
N - ECS328
STEEL BEAM
M DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14
M

Clause 6.3
3 (1) mentio
oned that le
ength of stifffness beariing ss should
d
ed load is e
be taken as
a the dista
ance over which
w
applie
effectively
distributed
d at slope of
o 1:1 (BS EN
N 1993-1-5, FFigure 6.2). However ss
should nott be taken as
a larger than hw

Simply sup
pported late
erally restra
ained beam
m
The beam shown in figure
f
below
w is fully latterally restra
ained along
g its
length an
nd has bea
aring lengtths of 50 mm at the
e un-stiffen
ned
18
8

MAT

STRUCTURA
AL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN
N - ECS328
STEEL BEAM
M DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14
M

supports and 75 mm
m
under the conc
centrated load. Che
eck
resistance of 533 x 210 x 92 UKB
U
using SS275 steel grade for the
loading off uniformly distributed
d
load (UDL) was gk = 15kN/m and
d qk
= 30kN/m and conce
entrated loa
ad Gk = 40kkN and Qk = 50kN

1. DESIGN LOADING / ACTION


Combinattion of Actio
on UDL, FEd = G Gk + Q Qk (eq 6.10)
= (1.35 x 15
5kN/m) + (1
1.5 x 30kN/m
m)
= 62.5 kN/m
m
= G Gk + Q Qk (eq 6.10)
= (1.35 x 40
0kN) + (1.5 x 50N)
= 129 kN

Combinattion of Actio
on PL, FEd

DESIGN BE
ENDING MO
OMENT, MEd
(FEd1 x L2) / 8 = (62.5 kN
N/m x 6.5m
m x 6.5m) / 8
= 330.1 kNm
(FEd2 x L) / 4 = (129 kN
N x 6.5m) / 4
= 209.6 kNm
k
30.1 kNm + 209.6
2
kNm
MEd = 33
= 53
39.7 kNm
DESIGN SH
HEAR FORCE, VEd
(FEd1 x L) / 2
FEd2 / 2

= (62.5 kN/m
k
x 6.5m
m) / 2
= 203.13
3 kN

= 129 kN / 2
= 64.5 kN

FEd = 267.63 kN
ON OF SECTTION
2. SELECTIO
Section Pro
operties forr 533 x 210 x 92kg/m U KB

19
9

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

Depth of Section, h
Width of Section, b
Thk. Flanges, tf
Thk. of Web, tw
Root Radius, r
Depth between Fillet, d
Ratio Local Buckling (flange), cf/tf
Ratio of Local Buckling (web), cw/tw
Second Moment Area, Iyy
Second Moment Area, Izz
Radius of Gyration, iy
Radius of Gyration, iz
Elastic Modulus, Wely
Elastic Modulus, Welz
Plastic Modulus, Wply
Plastic Modulus, Wplz
Area of Section, A

= 533.1 mm
= 209.3 mm
= 15.6 mm
= 10.1 mm
= 12.7 mm
= 476.5 mm
= 5.57 mm
= 47.2mm
= 55,200 cm4
= 2390 cm4
= 21.7 cm
= 4.51 cm
= 2070 cm3
= 228 cm3
= 2360 cm3
=355 cm3
=117 cm2

3. CLASIFICATION OF SECTION
Take steel grade as S275 and tf = 15.6 mm < 40 mm
.: fy = 275 N/mm2
Web
= 0.92 and cw/tw = 47.2 < 72
.: Web section was Class 1
Flange
= 0.92 and cf/tf = 5.57 < 9
.: Flange section was Class 1
.: Both section was Class 1

4.RESISTANCE OF CROSS- SECTION SUBJECT TO BENDING AND


SHEAR
Shear
20

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

The design value of the shear force VEd at each cross section shall
satisfy:
VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)
Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)
Shear area, Av for rolled I section
Av = A 2btf + (tw + 2r) tf but not less than nhwtw
Av = 11,700 2(209.3)(15.6) + (10.1 + 2(12.7))15.6
= 5723.64 mm2
hw = h 2tf
hw = 533.1 2(15.6)
= 501.9 mm
n may be conservatively taken equal to 1.0.
.: nhwtw = 1.0 x 501.9 x 10.1
= 5069.2 mm2
Since Av > nhwtw .: take Av = 5723.64 mm2
.: Vc,Rd = Vpl, Rd = [ Av (fy /3) ] / MO (eq 6.18)
= [ 5723.64 (275/3)] / 1.0
= 908.75 kN
VEd /Vc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.17)
267.63 / 908.75= 0.29
Since VEd /Vc,Rd 1 .: Section was satisfactory for shear resistance

Bending & Shear


If VEd > 0.5 Vc,Rd .: moment resistance, Mc,Rd should be taken as the
design resistance of the cross-section, calculated using a reduced
21

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

yield strength, (1 ) fy where = ((2VEd/Vpl,Rd) - 1)2


In this case, VEd < 0.5 Vc,Rd .: no reduction of moment resistance,
Mc,Rd
Bending
The design value of the bending moment MEd at each crosssection shall satisfy:
MEd /Mc,Rd 1 (eq. 6.12)
For Class 1 section, Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = (Wpl x fy)/ MO (eq. 6.13)
.: Mc,Rd = (2360x103 x 275)/ 1.0
= 649kNm
MEd /Mc,Rd = 539.7 kNm/649 kNm
= 0.83
Since MEd /Mc,Rd < 1 .: section was satisfactory for moment
resistance
5. RESISTANCE TO SHEAR BUCKLING
In addition the shear buckling resistance for webs without
intermediate stiffeners should be according to section 5 of EN
1993-1-5, if:
hw/tw > 72/n (eq. 6.22)
hw/tw = 501.9/10.1
= 49.7
72/n = 72(0.92)/1.0
= 66.24
Since hw/tw < 72/n .: no further check on resistance for shear
buckling

6. RESISTANCE TO FLANGE INDUCED BUCKLING


To prevent the compression flange buckling in the plane of the
web, the following criterion should be met:
22

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) (eq.8.1)


Aw = hw x tw
= 501.9x10.1
= 5069.2 mm2
Af = b x tf
= 209.3 x15.6
= 3265.08 mm2
For Class 1, plastic rotation utilize, hence k = 0.3
k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc) = 0.3 (210x103/275) ((5069.2/3265.08))
= 285.45
Since hw/tw k (E/fy)( (Aw/Afc)) .: section is prevent the
compression flange buckling in the plane of the web

7. RESISTANCE OF WEB TO TRANSVERSE FORCE (WEB BUCKLING)


For un-stiffened or stiffened webs the design resistance to local
buckling under transverse forces should
23

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

be taken as:
FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)
Effective length for resistance to transverse forces, Leff
Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)
Reduction factor, XF
XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)
F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)
Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)
For webs without longitudinal stiffeners kF should be obtained from
Figure 6.1. For webs with longitudinal stiffeners kF may calculated
from the equation 6.6
kF = 2 + 6 [(ss + c)/ hw]
For type (c) in Figure 6.1, effective loaded length, ly should be
taken as the smallest value obtained from the equation 6.11 or
equation 6.12 :
ly = le + tf [(m1/2) + (le/tf)2 + m2] (eq. 6.11)
ly = le + tf m1 + m2 (eq. 6.12)
le = kF E tw2/2fyw hw ss + c (eq.6.13)
m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)
m2 = 0.02 ( hw/tf)2 if F > 0.5 (eq. 6.9)
m2 = 0 if F 0.5 (eq. 6.9)

kF = 2 + 6 [(ss + c)/ hw] (Figure 6.1 (c))


= 2 + 6 [(50 + 0)/ 501.9]
= 2.6
le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw ss + c (eq.6.13)
24

MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw
= (2.6 x 210 x103 x 10.12)/(2 x 275 x 501.9)
= 201.77 mm
ss + c = 50 + 0
= 50mm
Since le = kF E tw2/2 fyw hw ss + c .: take le = 50mm
m1 = fyf bf / fyw tw (eq. 6.8)
=(275 x 209.3) / (275 x 10.1)
= 20.72
m2 = 0.02 ( hw/tf)2
= 0.02 (501.9/15.6) 2
= 20.7
ly = le + tf [(m1/2) + (le/tf)2 + m2] (eq. 6.11)
= 50 + 15.6 [(20.72/2) + (50/15.6)2 + 20.7]
= 150.28 mm
ly = le + tf m1 + m2 (eq. 6.12)
= 50 + 15.6 20.72 + 20.7
= 150.4 mm
Choose the lesser value from eq. 6.11 and eq. 6.12 .: ly = 150.29

Fcr = 0.9 kF E (tw3 / hw) (eq. 6.5)


= 0.9 (2.6) (210x103) (10.13 / 501.9)
= 1008.75 x 103 N
F = ( ly tw fyw / Fcr ) (eq. 6.4)
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MAT

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN - ECS328


STEEL BEAM DESIGN
NOV13 MAC14

= ((150.29 x 10.1 x 275) / 1008.75 x 103)


= 0.64
XF = 0.5 / F 1.0 (eq. 6.3)
= 0.5 / 0.64
= 0.78 1.0 .: take XF = 0.78
Leff = XF ly (eq. 6.2)
= 0.78 x 150.29
= 117.23 mm
FRD = (fyw x Leff x tw)/m (eq. 6.1)
= (275 x 117.23 x 10.1)/1.0

= 325.61 kN
VEd / FRD = 267.63 / 325.61
= 0.82
Since FRD > VEd .: section is adequate for resistance of web to
transverse force

26

MAT

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