Essentlal

Grammar
ln Use

A self-study
ref erence
a nd

practice

book for
elementary
students of
En

glish

with answers

TH IRD
EDITION

Raymond Murphy
CRVTSNIDGE

UNIYERSITY PRESS
www.cambridge.org

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, Sdo Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambr idge University Press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title : www. c ambridge. or g / 97 80 5 2 I 67 5 802
O Cambridge University Press 2007
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.'
First published 1990
Second editionl99T
Third edition 2007
I2th prtnttng 201I

Thanks
To the r
To the

Present

1an
2ar
3It
4ar
5 I,
6I

7D
8I
9I

Pasf

10 rr
11 rr
12 I

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Canbridge

13r
1+r

A catalogue recordfor this publication is availablefrom the British Library

Present

ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN

978-0-52I-67580-2 Edition with answers

97 8-0-52I -67 581 -9

978-0-521-67543-7
978-0-521-67544-4

978-0-521-67545-I
978-3-12-539538-1
97 8-3-12-539 536-7

Edition without answers

Edition with answers and CD-ROM
CD-ROM for Windows (single user)
Network CD-ROM (30 users)
Klett edition with CD-ROM
Klett Edition

15r

16 r'

t7r

18F

t9fi

20r
Pa-ssiut

2ri

22i

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or

accttacy of URLs for external or third-parfy internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not goatantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accutate or appropdate. Informationregarding prices, travel
timetables and other facttal information given in this work is correct at
the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not g'rarantee
ttre accuracy of such information thereafter.

I'erb

23

_ft

2-+ I

Futurt

?5r
26

27t

28,

IIofu.

29
.3t:l

31,

It

Thanks vii
To the student viii
To the teacher x
Present

L
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

arn/is/are
arn/is/are

(questions)
I arn doing (present continuous)
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
I dolwork/like etc. (present simple)
I don't ... (present simple negative)
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)

I have ... and I've got ...

Past

10
11
12
13
14

was/were

worked/got/went etc. (past simple)

I didn't ... Did you ... ? (past simple negative and questions)

I was doing (past continuous)

I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)

Present perfect

15
16
17
18
19
20

have done (present perfect 1)

I've just ... Iove already ...
I havenot ... yet (present perGct 2)
Have you ever ... ? (present per{ect 3)
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)

for since ago

I have done (present perfect)

and

I did

(past)

Passiue

21 is done was done (passive 1)

22 is being done has been done

(passive 2)

Wrb;t'orms

23 be/have/do in present and past tenses

24 Regular and irregular verbs
Future

25
26
27
28

Vhat are you doing tornorrow?

I'rn going to ...
will/shall 1
will/shall 2

Modak, imperatiue

etc.

29 might
30 can and could
31 must rnustn't don't need to

ffinPu*''

32
33
34
35
36

should
have to ...
'Would you like ...

.-l

? I'd like ...

Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!
I used to ...

tr
a
a

There and

tt

it

37 there is there are

38 there was/were there
39 It ...

crr

has,/have

been

there

will

be

tl

Auxiliary uerbs
40 I arn. I don't etc.
41 Flave you? Are

you? Don't you? etc.

42 too/either so alrl I / neither do I etc.
13 isn't, haven't, don't etc. (negatives)

*..,
-- tl
-i o

S(
nL

)rL
'

Questions

44 is it... ? have you... ? do they... ? etc. (questions 1)

45 Who saw you? 'Who did you see? (questions 2)
46 'Who is she talking to? 'What is it like? (questions 3)
47 Vhat ... ? Which ... ? How ... ? (questions 4)
,+8 How long does it take ... ?
49 Do you know where ... ? I don't know what ... etc.

50

She said

'_b
t.-a

':

Reported speech

that ...

!i

rl

He told rne that ...

-ing and to ...

51
52
53
54

work/working golgoing doldoing

to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
I want you to ... I told you to ...
I went to the shop to ...

Go, get, ilo, make and haue

55 go to ... go on ...
56 get
57 do and rnake
58 have

go for

...

go -ing

Pronouns and possessiues

59 I/rne he/hitn they,/them etc.

60 rny/his/their etc.
6f Whose is this? It's rnine/yours,/hers etc.
62 l/lrc^e/rny/rnine
63 rnyself/yourself/thernselves etc.
64 -'s (Kate's cariera / rny brother's car etc.)

tv

and the

65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

a/an ..-

train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)

a bottle ,/ sotne water (countable/uncountable

1)

a cake / sorne cake / sorne cakes (countable,/uncountable

a/an and t}re
the ...
go to work go home go to the cinema
I like music I hate exarns
the ... (names of places)

2)

Determiners and pronouns

4 this / that / these,/those

75 one/ones
76 sotne and any
77 not t any no none
nob odylno-one,/nothing
78 not * anybody/anyone/anything
7 9 sorrrebody/ anything/ nowhere etc.
80 every and all
nolnone
U1 all
rnost sorne any
82 both either neither
rnuch rrany
83 a lot
(a) few
84 (a) little
7

Adiectives and aduerbs

85 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjective$

86 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
87 oldlolder expensive / rnore expensive
88 older than ... more expensive than ...
89 not as ... as
90 the oldest
the rnost expensive
91 enough
92 too
Word order

93
91
95
96

He speaks English very well. (word order

always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
still yet akeady
Give rne that book! Give it to rne!

1)

Conjunctions and clauses

97 and but
98 When ...
L)9 If we go ...
100 If I had ...

or

so

because

If you see ... etc.

If we went ... etc.
101 a person who ...
a thing thatlwhich ... (relative clauses 1)
102 the people we rnet the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)

il][

Prepositions

103 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April

104 frorn ... to
until
since for
105 before after during while
106 in
at on (places 1)
107 in
at on (places 2)
108 to in
at (places 3)
109 under, behind, opposite etc.
110 up, over, through etc.
111 on
at
by
with
about
1I2 afraid of ... , good at ... etc. of/at/for etc. (prepositions) + -ing
113 listen to ... ,look at ... etc. (verb + preposition)

For thr

thank.

and re.

lllustra
Lisa Sr
Desigr

Phrasal uerbs

114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)

115 put on your shoes put your shoes bn (phrasal verbs

2)

Appendices

Appendix 1 Active and passive 243

Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 244
Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245
Appendix 4 Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc.) 246
Appendix 5 Spelling 248
Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take offl give up etc.) 250
Appendix 7 Phrasalverbs * object (put out afte / give up yourjob

Additionalexercises
Study

guide

252

271

Key to Exercises 283

Key to Additional exercises 310
Key to Study guide 313
f

VI

|il.

ndex 3I5

etc.)

2s1.

For their help in producing this third edition of Essential Grammar in (Jse, I would like to
thank Liz Driscoll, Jessica Roberts and Alison Sharpe. I would also like to thank the teachers
and reviewers from various countries who provided me with feedback on the previous edition.
Illustrations by Kate Charlesworth, Richard Deverel1, Gillian Martin, Roger Penwill,
Lisa Smith, Ian-West and SimonWilhams
Design by Kamae Design

tln$. Ys;11*ut

This is a grammar book for

elementary students of English.
There are 115 units in the book and
each unit is about a difTerent point
of English granxnar. There is a list
of units at the beginning of the book
(Contenk).

Do not study all the units in order

from beginning to end. It is better to
choose the units that you need to do.
For example, if you have a problem
with the present per{ect (I have been,
he has done etc.), study Units 15-20.
lJse the Contents or the Index (at the
back of the book) to find the r-rnit
(or units) that you need.

If you are not sure

which units you
need to study, use
the Study guide at
the back of the
book.

r6ra!'A*hprslrEl.1{iidlls:h*i{:r''

Study guide (pages 271-282)

vilt

:''l

i:. r'l

Each unit is two pages.

The information is on
the left-hand page and
the exercises are on the

Exerciscs
A

.-t

Unir 3

G$Lnt-e,$ee

nght:
:

ri""" '
''

| 1,f"""

lnformation

''ir:::

i: ., ....
:r' : .

Exercises

Study the left-hand page (information), and then

do the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the Key to check your answers. The Key is

on

pates

283-309.

Study the ieft-hand page again

if

necessary.

Don't forget the seven

of the
book (pages 2,13-251). These
rvill give you inltorrnarion
Appendices at the back

hlililr

about active and passive forms,

irregular verbs, short forms,
spelhng and phrasal verbs.

There are

aTso

Additional

at the back of the

(pagcs
252-270).
book
There is a list of these
exercises on page 252.
exercises

CD Rom

You can buy this book with or without a

CD Rom. On the CD Rom there are more
exercises on all the units. and these are
different from the exercises in the book.
There are also rnore than 600 test questions.

ilffi,

The most important features of this book

In

are:

n:lass-

I It is a grarunar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language.

trnm

n It is for
n

elementary learners. It does not cover areas of gramnar which are not normally
taught at elementary level.
It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organised

;nretb
e'iuile

Ssrnt
indir,r

progressively.

I It is addressed to learners and intended

so:

for self-study.

;Mrd

Organisation of the book

There are 1.1.5 units in the book, each one focusing on a particuTar

of grammar. The
material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles. lJnits are
not ordered according to di{ficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order
appropriate for the learner(s). The book should rzol be worked through from beginning to end.
The units are listed rnthe Contents and there is a comprehensle Index at the end of the book.
area

Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar point is presented
and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There
are seven Appendices (pages 243-2.51) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs,
short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw
students' attention to these.

At the back of the book there is a set of Additional exercises (pages252-270). These exercises
provide 'mixed'practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units
(especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a
full list on page 252.
see page

rCtJmtr

-l

Finally, there is a Key (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises
the book. An edition without the Study guide and Key is aiallable for teachers who would
prefer it for their students.

in

Level

The book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but not for complete
beginners. It is intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the ear\ stages of a
beginners'course. It could also be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is
weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of basic
grammar.

so

Using the book

The book can be used by students working alone (see To the studenf) or as supplementary
course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book.

When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later
revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students
needing extra help and practice.

\X

The

rn, th,

JM

27I.

The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as
short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted
that the book can be used at this level.

ICD R

T1

Also at the back of the book there is a Study guide to help students decide which units to study

In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in
class, but it should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference.
In most cases, it would probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their
preferred way with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is then
avaiiable for later reference by the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case,
individual students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study
and practice.
CD Rom

The book is sold with or without a CD Rom. This contains further exercises on all the units
in the book, as well as a bank of more than 600 test questions from which users can select to
compile their own tests. The CD Rom is also available separately.

Essential

rammar in Use Third Edition

This is a new edition of Essen.tial Cyammar in LIse. The differences between this edition
and the second edition are:

The book has been redesigned with new colour illustrations.

There is one new unit (Unit 35) and some reorganisation, so that most units have
different numbers from the previous edition.

n There

are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations, examples and exercises.

There are two new pages of Additional

There is a new Study guide at the back of the book to help users decide which units to

exercises (pages

252-270).

study.

There is a new CD Rom with further exercises to accompany the book.

rc

em,/i.s/re,

My favourite colour is blue.

I'm American. I'm from Chicago.

>\\-i_
My lather is a doctor and my

positiue
I

am
ts

it

(I'-)

(he's)

he

(she's)

she

it

(it's)

we

(r,ve're)

we

you
they

are\

>\--

negdtwe

he
she

My favourite sports

W
@irrgrat

fFFffi

afe

(you're)
(they're)

you
they

arn not

(I'm not)

not or he isn't)
(she's not
or she isn't)
IS not
(it's not
or it isn't)
(rve're not or r,ve aren't)
afe not (you'te not or you aren't)
(they're not ol' they aren't)
(he's

form

short -forms

short
short;form

tr I'rn co1d. Can you close the window, please?

n I'rn 32 years old. My sister is 29.
n Steve is i11. He's in bed.
tr My brother is afraid of dogs.
tr lt's ten o'clock. You're late again.
fl Ann and I are good friends.
Ll Your keys are on the table.

fl I'rn

tired, but I'rn not hungry.

tr Tom isn't interested in politics. He's interested in music.
n Jane isn't a teacher. She's a student.
tr Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
fJ lt's sunny today, but it isn't warm.

ffiiF

that's = that

is

there's

= there is

n Thank yor,r. That's very kind

-l Lookl Therc's Chris.

fl

"t2

'Flere's your

am/is/are (questions)

key.'

Un!t

here's = here is

of you

'Thank you.'

there is/are

- !.Jr!:i:t7

alan

!-lnit

65

short forms

Appemriix 4

Unit

Exe re ises

Write the short form {she's / we aren't etc.}.

1.1

.lno) .

Write am, is or are.

1.2

The

weather L2

nice

today. 5 Lookl There

Carol.

L ... .. good tennis players.

6
at school.
at home. Her children
7 Emily
a nurse.
a taxi driver- My sister
BI

not rich.
2I
hearry.
3 This b"g
4 These bags . .. hear,ry.

My brother and

Compiete the sentences.

1.3

Hq't in bed.
. .. thirsty.
2 I'n not hungry, but
.. 98.
..
3 MrThomas is a very o1d man.
. comfortable.
4 These chairs aren't beautiful, but
and sunny.
*".5 The weather is nice today.
'No.
l'rrr not. I'nr early!'
late.'
6',
at work.
7 Catherine isn't at home.
your coat.' 'Oh, thank you very much.'
B'
1

ill.

Steve is

Look at Lisa's sentences

1.4

in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself.

1 (name?) My
2 (from?) I
3 (age?) I
4 fob?) I

(favourite colour or colours?)

My

(interested

?)

Write sentences for the pictures. Use:

1.5

hot

alngry cold

afraid

fflJ
"Y@

tr

7
2

1.6

She's

thks\.

hungrY

_rb':
!,-a{ /r \

-;(',

=ffi*
3

He

...

They

Write true sentence s, positive or

/ hot today)
2 (it / windy today) It
3 (-y hands / cold) My
4 (BrazlI / a very big country)
5 (diamonds / cheap)
6 (Toronto / in the US)

ne

gative . Use is/isn't

fL..99nlt.h.qt

10

(interested

.11f.

or are/aren't.

tod4g, or

Write true sentences, positive or negative' Use I'm

7 (tired)
8 (hungry)
9 (a good swimmer)

+hi+st+
l1

qw)

1. (it

in ...

tired., or

lLls hrtL .tn.44y,

/ I'm not'
!lm.4ql tired,

in football)

Additional exercise 1 (page 252)

13

.a,m/is/a re (0 uesti ons)

positiue

quesnon

aftt

alt'l

I?

he
ls

she

he?

ts

it

she?

we
you
they

rve?

n
il
n
n

are

are

No, I'm single.

How old are you?

_l

they?

a:41

'Arn I late?' 'No, you're on time.'

'Is your rnother at home?' 'No, she's out.'
'Are your parents at home?' 'No, they're out.'
'Is it cold in your

room?'

'Yes, a little.'

n Your shoes are nice. Are they

'We

a;\4
l:::,-/

you?

new?

say:

n Is she at home?./ Is your mother at home? QtotIs at home your mother?)

n Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)

ry

vhere ...? /vhat ...? / 'who... ? /How...

?/vhy...

n Vhere is your mother? Is she at home?

n 'Vhere are you fiom?' 'Canada.'
n 'What colour is your car?' 'It's red.'
u 'How old is Joe?' 'He's 24.'
n How are your parents? Are they well?
n These postcards are nice. How tnuch are they?
n This hotel isn't very good. Vhy is it so expensive?
what's

is

what

who's

who

is

is rvhere's = where is
tr Vho's that man?
n Flow's your father?

how's = how

u What's the time?

n Where's Lucy?
Short answers

I'rn

attl.

he's

he
she

sn

1S.

it

Yes,

she

not.

No,

we're
you're
they're

we

you

e's

it's

No,

he

ate.

they

we
you
they

u 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am.'

n 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I'rn not, but I'm thirsty.'
n 'Is your friend English?' 'Yes, he is.'
tr 'Are these your keys?' 'Yes, they are.'
n 'That's my seat.' 'No, it isn't.'
14

am/is/are

Unit

questions

Unii

44

what/which/how

isn't.

rt

aren't.

a:

Unit 47

.lW

Exercises
2.1

Unit 2

Find the right answers for the questions.

'Where's

the camera?

2 Is your car blue?

3 Is Linda from London?
4 Am I late?
5 Where's Ann from?
6 'What colour is your

7
8
9

2.2

1.

A London.
B No, I'm not.

-)

Yes,

you

are.

D My sister.
E Black.

F No,

bag?

Are you hungry?

How is George?
'Whot
that woman?

....

it's black.

G In your bag.
H No, she's American.

.....

Very well.

8
9

..

...

Make questions with these words.

1 (ts / at home / your mother) ..ls gouq mgther aL hqme

2 (your parents / are / we77) . Are gou.r. parenL.s..y9.dL
3 (interesting / is / your job)
4 (the shops / are / open today)
5 (from,/ where / you / arc)
6 (interested in sport / you / are)
7 (is / near here ,/ the post office) ...
B (at school / are / your children)
9 (you / are / late / why)

?
?
?
?

...

2.3

Complete the questions. Use What ...

ara. your parents?

.Hqp

the bus stop?

your children?

.........

-)

.... .

... the man

1E

vour new

shoes?

How .."

They're very well.

At the end of the

street.

Five, six and ten.

d1.50 a kilo.
Skiing.
That's my father.
Black.

Write the questions.

(name?) Whads gour nqrye?

Paul.

(Amerjcan?)

No, I'm Australian.

-)

(how old?)

I'm

(a teacher?)

No, I'm a lawyer.

(married?)

Yes,

(wife

No, shet a designer.

(from?)

She's Italian.

(her name?)

Anna.

(how old?)

Shet 27.

a lawryer?)

Write short answers (Yes, I am.

marriedl

Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53)

30.

No, he isn't. etc.).

Nq,..l.ln nqt,

2 Are you thirsry?

3 Is it cold today?

in this photograph?

................

1 Are you

.. these oranges?

your favourite sport?

2.4

i Who ... / Where ... /

4 Are your hands cold?

5 Is it dark nou
6 Are you r teacher?
?

am.

E;

lam doing (present continuous)

I I .i il.r

.i.i

It's raining.
The sun isn't shining.

She's eating.

isn't reading.

Shc

They're running.
They aren't walking.

_2

The present continuous is:

alrr / is / are * doing/eating,/running,/writing etc.

am

n I'm working. I'm not watching TV

(not)

t-l Maria is reading a newspaper.

n She isn't eating. (or She's not eating.)

he

is

she

(not)

-irg

it
we
you
they

are (not)

n The phone is ringing.

n W'ete having dinner.
n You're not listening to me. (orYou aren't listening ...)
n The children are doing their homeu'ork.

arn/is/are + -ing = something is happening nour

I'rn working
wearing a hat
they're playing footbail
['rn not watching television
she's

past

_future

n Please be quiet. I'tn working. (: I'm working now)

n

Look, there's Sarah. She's wearing a brown coat. (= she is wearing it now)

3,.1

r The weather is nice. lt's not raining.

n '-Where are the children?' 'They're playing in the park.'
n (on the phone) 'We're having dinner now Can I phone you iater?
n

You can turn off the television.

I'rn not watching

it.

(- Appendix 5):
dance * dancing
cgnre + coming write - writing
+
run
running sit - sitting swirr-r - srvimrning
lie - lying

Spelling

t6

am/is/are*Unit I areyou doing?(questions)

What are you doing tomorrow? - Unit 25

-Unit 4 lam doingand ldo-Unit

-a-i'a<_t+ ::<{.

z-'<f:

'

Hx* g'e Bse s

_rj

What

ar"e

Un:Et

these peo4:le ri*ing?

eat have lis dqF

l.Jsr

sit

these verbs to conipiete thc sentcnces:

-wait-

r;.rflg

6.tJlB

$L
2

Sle's eattng^
He \KN\AX

rr'.y-

3.2

the floor.

for a bus.
football

-QJt9-

tr

Cclrnp!ete the

se

1n

$\V

breakfast.

L\\

the

tab1e.

nte nres.

-eeek- go -hav'- -sta.nd= ++ay1 Please be quiet. 1 lry woqkr,ng .

-\
o.r*^-kl
,;lilffrl
build

,.'N'oh,qsd\nq
l'r' .o.ry.' U

1'#il1j:ffij' '

in

r,;.n."
3 'You OSS- h\AlfqUn9 on ,.,,y [oot.'

,l Look! Somebody@) tNo-D\NS\srlqin

5 We're here on holiday. W. OJIQ- I

the river.
at the Central Hotel.

; -N|;'RIS. hrlftSr%*:Ytl:l$:.

;Y :H:::rre,r rhe,,,.,,en,

8 rLr{x\
,')

"

-]

Look at

r**

qQi$p1

,,#, coodbye.

O*uur*. OSr,** sentences ahsli..{t iane. Use She's *inq nr SFre isn't -iarg.
1

(have

dinner)

2 (rvatch
3

4
5

6
7

Jans, Lsvtlt' havurg dinfl#,

television) She's lua^f1.! tnE teLavlsnn,,

i r i ntr'{r'.T' J{r}*i$*tU

{ka\"'

i*:*li'

1*,it.., 1.11.,-13\ tfrrr,*

\td\ISf+

Ja ne

.)

"+

What's

I (I /
2
-)

4
5

6
7
8
9
10

l"rag:pe

wash

r:ing ;':nw? Write true sentenccs.

nry hair)

1it srrow)

llm noi: r,'ro--r!i.i.ng rng hai,r

lt s snou"ri-irq sr - ti r.1r,lt

11or'yung.

&1t Q,. eI\A\,\

cruir) XgSXt i>rL\WX*,
alQN$E
m$n
crr)
(r /
Slfn
tJ:nl
(ir
S\q\$iNo s {
+
rrin)
l*
(itz rrin)
f,f
i
'[\$]l\{-q-JArt\.oGa ({\$l\I\
\(
oul"l
OUl"t\
English; $
(l 'rcrrn
(r
'lcrrn Engtish;
# ncl'ft
Xr-ncn'
(r / sir / on

.r

(r z

ti.ten to rr*rsic)

N$s,"]

^
'(Rfl n$l_qqa${.q++S c{x$}a
-

c. IEX\C

t'.'.ll

are you doi ng ?

(pre sent c0ntin uous

,l

r 1,,

uestiOrns)

I'it.t,l

positiue

question

atn

atl]

doing
working
going

he
she

1S

it

he
ls

etc,

afe

she

it

staying

we
you
they

are

we
you
they

doing?
working?
going?
staying?
etc.

tr 'Are you feeling OK?' 'Yes, I'm fine, thanks.'

n 'Is it raining?' 'Yes, take an umbrella.'
n Why are you wearing a coat? It's not cold.
tr ''What's Paul doing?' 'FIe's reading the newspaper.'

n 'What are the children doing?' 'They're watching

n Look, there's Emily! -Where's she going?
n Who

waiting for? Are you waiting for

are you

television.'

Sue?

Study the word order:

is/are -f

Where

-Where

subject

+ -itg

Is
Is

he
Paul

working today?
working today? (nol Is working Paul today?)

afe

they
those people

going?

are

going? (norWhere

are going those people?)

Short answers
I

arxt.

I'rn
ne's

he

ls.

shc's

she

he
she

it

Yes

we
you
they

No,

t's

not.

No,

wetre

ate

we
you
they

you're
they're

isn't

L'.

it

rl 'Are you going now?' 'Yes, I atn.'

tr 'Is Paul working today?' 'Yes, he is.'
n 'Is it raining?' 'No, it isn't.'
tr 'Are your friends staying at a hotel?' 'Noo they aren't.

arett't

They're staying with me.

4.4

I am doing

Unit

What are you doing tomorrow?

Unit

25

questions

Units 44-47

Unit 4

Exe

rcises

4,1

Look at the
the pictures and write the questions.
(you/watch/it?)

(it / rain?)

Are gou wq!4\rng rt!

No, you can

(you

turn it off.

No, not at the moment.

I wait I for a bus?)

/ enjoy./ lhe filmT)

No, it's broken.

Yes, it's very funny.

No,

for a taxi.

Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use:

4.2

'trf-

rm\

.eal4

reaA)nq

tookat

laugh

-tt

ra+

e=_
:-p* ffi
-@ '@
U

ffi-k erc

Make questions from these words. Put the words in the right order.

I
2
3
4
5
6

working / PauI u today) 12 Pqu'L wo1kung +n84'4

1 Y *"^:htkkt
Yi:"A -1
(what z the children / arc i'aoing; oWf;Q"L,are
(you / arc / listening / to me)
,,$|.L\,R\$
"a,\r\ Yf
(where / yourfrienis
are / g"i"g;\Xl\Qg$H,.S5l$
(are / watching / your parents /.^qelevision)\F
(what / Jessica / is z cookingl\,N$q\.U;'^: ...^' 1t\\t I r
'^^'.,.^^
(is

\\

; i*z:**ru1,:;t,r,tru''fiN
4.4

Write short answers (Yes, I am.

1 Are you watchingTv?

Additional exercise 3 (page 253)

No, he isn't. etc.).

!9, llm nO-t-,

Is

it rainine? Y

d'o-^g

at

mN

I dofworrkll,ike etc. (prese nt ,sirmple)

They're lookrng at their books

Tirey read a 1ot.
They read

he likes

/ I work

He's eating an ice-cream.

He likes ice-cream.
etc.

the present simple:

work live watch do

works lives watches does

has

Remember:

/ she lives / it rains etc.

n I work in a shop. My brother works in a bank. (not My
n Lucy lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
I It rains a lot in ivinter.

he rvorks

I have - helshe/it has:

r: John has a shower every

brother rvork)

day.

(-

ApPendix 5):
-es after -s t -sh / -ch'. pass -+ passes finish - finishes rvatch
-y + -ies: study - studies try - tries
also.. do * does
go + goes

SPelling

ffiffi?

rvatches

-we

use the present sirnple for thi'gs that are true in eeneral, or lbr things that happen
sometinles or all the tlne:

I like big ciries.

[l] Your English is good. You speak very well.
fl Tinr works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
[t The earth goes round the sun.
n We do a lot of diflerent things in our free time.
Ll It costs a lot of money to build a hospital.
always,/never / often / ssually/sometirnes

present simple

D Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets ahvays)

I--: I never eat breakfast. (n,ot I eat never)
n We often go away at r.veekends.
tr Mark usually plays football on Sundays.
n I sornetimes walk to work. but not very 6ftsr.

r
20

ldon't...

(negative)

-llnit fi

Doyou... ?(questions)

always/usually/often etc. (word order)

- [!nil 34

-Umit7 lam doingand ldo-

tr:

Unit

Exe
5,1

5.2

rcises

Unit 5

Write these verbs with -s or -es.

| (r'cad) she f'944.? , i (lly) it
2 (rhink) he \ t, I !, r ' . zl (darrce) hc

i' l'.

'r

Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use:

eat

go

live

plaf

t Hg Pkgs * the piano.

2-Jhey "J;I'l3t
-l('\ :, f t-:.

play

sleep

-\

l'r^

in a very big house.

5lt
6

,.

5.3

[i-.*
\it lr l:

5 (have) she
6 (finish) it

'**1

\\

tennls.

.,/-

!,\r. f1:

to the cinema

lot-

seven hours a night.

Complete the sentences. Use:

boil close, cost cost like , like ..meet, -open +peak teach *uih*
1 Maria ?P?9*?- ... four languages.
2 The shops in the city centre usually
3 The CityMuseum ).,.., -;,.-,,,t at 5 o'clockin the evening.
4 Tina is a teacher. 51]. ),t,[yc\.,..i -.. mathernatics to young children.

5Myjobisveryinteresting.II',
6
7
u

Peter'.s car is always

Food is expensive. It .
Shoes are expensivc. They

9 Wrrer
l0
5.4

dirty. He never

Julia rnd l

Write

se

ar

.),

- .,

I I

, I . it.
lot of money..
a lot of money.

.-t,\1i,1,

llu degreres Cclsirrs.

\
l
, )r
her and she '

.rre good flricnds.

me.

ntences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives etc.).

5 (fulia / parties / enjoy / always) ii,', I i." . ',.,,:', .,'

b (oFten 'pcoplcs nanres u I z Forger) L-\-:
7(telcvisionrTnn/wrrch rrever) , ,l] .I'I
8 (usually / dinner / we / have / at 7 .30)
9 flenny / always / ntce clothes / wear) . .:.1.. . .,
:

q6

.:{*

*nmm***'

Write sentenees about yourself. Use always/neve r/often/usually/sometimes.

1 (watch TV in the evening) ! !4f,/4!,E w4&9h TV.. ut ttrte e'lantng,
2 (read in bed) I
, ("'.'-3 (get up before 7 o'clock)
l

4
5

(go ro work,,

'chool by bus)
(drink cofTee in the rnorning)

.',

.t

1q.\iir'{,

'

I ,.dor,n't .1.

{plesent sim ple nlegstive)

The present simple negative is don't,/doesrt't

She

doesn't drink

positiue

He doesn't like his job.

cofTee.

work
like

do
have

works
likes

he
she

does
has

it

doesn't
(does not)

n I drink cofTee, but I don't drink tea.

n Sue drinks tea, but she doesn't drink
n You don't work very hard.
n
n

uerb:

negatiue

we
you
they

tr

coflee.

'We

don't watch television very often.

The weather is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.
Gary and Nicole don't know many people.

Remember:

I/we/you/they don't ...

n I don't like football.
doesn't ...
n He doesn't like football.
he/she/it
n I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't like me. (not Fred don't like)

n My car doesnot use much petrol. (not My car don't use)

u Sometimes he is 1ate, but it doesn't happen very often.
-We

don't,/doesn't * infin,itiue (don't like / doesn't speak,/ doesn't do etc..,:

n I don't like washing the car. I don't do it very often.
tr Sarah speaks Spanish, but she doesn't speak Italian. (nof doesn't speaks',
tr Bili doesn't do his job very well. (rzor Bill doesn't his job)
I Paula doesn't usually have breakfast. (not doesn't ... h"t)
use

I do/work/like etc. (present simple) - L!nit

Do you ... ? (present simple questions)

Unit

F-

TXC TC!SCS

6"1

Un!t 6

Write the negative.

1 I play the piano very well.

I dnnli pVU

2 Jane plays the piano very well.

3 They know my phone number.

u""*

t*,

They

Study the information and write sentences with like.

\opurc Klrp.

1 classical music?
2 boxing?
3 horror fi1ms?

ves

no

11()

yes

yes

no

bon gryd

Kate

rg@@
Y,.'-j*\
\uxe ... t ) Brr rro

b.J

pwnp

Jane

4 'We rvork very hard.

5 He has a bath every day.
6 You do the same thing every day.

6.2

**

..

SqphLe hke- Qrqs2u,q[ musw,

I
Yor:

Ben and Sophie

I{ate
I

classical music.

...

Write about yourself. Use:

... or I often ... or I dcn't "." very often.

1 (watchTV)
| donlt ryq&$ Tr.:rexU.9{tny. rsr | .np:ex
I never

watch TV.

o{berr nr4k& TV,

or

(travel b1, train)

S"4 Complete

the serrtences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + these verbs:
cost go know +ea4 see use wear
1 I buy a n'ewspaper every day, but sometim.r I . dpn t fgg& .. it.
2 Paui has a car, but he
it very often.
3 Paul and his friends iike fihns, but they
. to the cinema verv often.
4 Amanda is married, but she
a ring.
5I
much about politics. I'm not interested in it.
6 The Regent Hotel isn't expensive. It
.. much to stay there.
7 Brian lives very near Lls, but we ......
him very often.

6.5

Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative"

1 Margaret 5P?gX3 four languages - English, French, German and Spanish. (speak)
2 1 &an'L Akz ... my job. It,s veryboring. (1ike)
3 'Where's Martin?' 'I'm sorry. I
(know)

4 Sue is a very quiet person. She

. very much. (ta1k)
5 Andy
a lot of tea. It's his favourite drink. (drink)
6 lt's nor truel
it! (believe)
7 That's a very beautiful picture. I
it very much. (like)
8 Mark is a vegetarian. He
meat. (eat)
.

23

Do, yo,u n..,l?,{present simple q u,eitions)

-We

use do,/does in present simple questions:

postttue

questr0n

FFFF

Stucly the word order:

doldoes+

subject

you

work

on Sundays?

your friends

live
play

near here?

Chris

Where do
How often I do
What I does
How r-r'rtich i does

irLfinitiue

your parents

tennis?

you
this word

live?
wash
rnean?

your hair?

it

cost

to fly to Rome?

Questions r,vith always / usually / often'.

Do
Does
What

do

you
Chris
yoLl

always

have

often
usuallv

phor
do

What do you do? : What's your job?

n ''What do you do?' 'I work in

a bank.'

Renrenrber:

do lzwc/youi

rhey

n Do they like music?

n Does he like music?

does he,/she/tt...
r, i

'l:,.':

ffifr

i' l:i,.,'

shortanswers

*
tlYe'.r',*.,v.**"
- -'-------

1.,.!. 11,1""':

l,/we/yor-r,/they don't

he/she/it doesn't.

'Do you play tennis?' 'No, I don't.

n 'Do your parents speak English?' 'Yes, they do.'
t-.i

n 'Does Gary work hard?' 'Yes, he does.'

n 'Does your sister live in London.' 'No, she doesn't.'
24

I do/work/like etc. - Unit

I don't ... (negative) - Unit

{i

questions

Units 44-47

Exe rcises

L.lnit 7

Write questians with Do ... ? ancl Does ...

7"1

1 I like chocolate. How about you?

2 I play tennis. How about you?
3 You live near here. FIow abor-rt Lucy?
4 Tom plays tennis. How about his fi-iends?
5 You speak English. How about your brother?
6 I do yoga every morning. How about you?
7 Sue often goes away. How about Paul?
8 I want to be famous. How about you?
9 You work hard. How about Anna?

7'2

Do

g,o_u

Lika chp.enlp&p

......
Lr-rcv ..
vou

.?
?

.?
?
?

.?
.?
?

Make questions from these words + clofdoes. Purt the words in the right creler.
1 (where / live / yoLu parents)
Wherg, d,o .ggay pqrrenLtr {.i.rq.
2 (you / ea{y,/ always / get up)
Dc gqu rJwq4s gat, y.p WW
3 (how often / TV / you / watch)
,l (you / .rant,/ what / for dinner)
5 (like / you / football)
6 (your brother / ltke / footbali)
7 (rvhat / you / do / in your fi-ee time)
8 (your sister ,/ work ,/ where)
9 (to the cinema / often / vou / go)
10 (what ,/ mean / rhis word)
11 (often / snow / it / here)
12 (go ,/ usually / to bed ,/ what time / you)

13 (horv much,/ to phone NewYork / it /

cost)

Compiete the questions. Use these verbs:

do

-J^

enjoy

go

What

r
2

6
7

do

I work in a bookshop.

It's OK.

At 9 o'clock.
on Slturdrvs?
to work?

How ..

.
And your husband. What
What

Science.

his job?

Write short answers [Yes, he does"

1 Do you watch TV a lot?
2 Do yor-r live in a big city?
3 Do you often ride a bicycle?
4 Does it rain a lot where you live?
5 Do you play the piano?

Aelditional exercises

Soirretimes.

Usually by bus.
He's a teacher.

tJ

7.4

-do UA4

teach

.W.hattime

4
5

start

like

4-7

(pages 253-54)

['Jo,

I dcn't. etc.).

No-,

d-onlt. 0r

Yes. he loves

Yas,

it.

'f, ,fl111

.0i,ng (present continuOlus}, and

Jack is r,vatching television.

He is not pllying the guirar'.

But Jack has a guitar.

He often plays it and he plays very well.

Jack plays the guitar,

but he is not playing the guitar now.

Is he playing the guitar?

Does he play the guitar?

No, he isn't.

(present continuotts)

Yes, he does.

(present simple)

ffiifiPresentcontinuous(Iarrrdoing)=now'atthetimeofspeaking:
Iom doing

pdst
tr

u
n
n
n
- . l

. itir ,

noLL)

future

quiet. I'rn working. (tot I work)

Tom is having a shower at the mornent. (nofTom has)
Take an umbrella r,vith you. It's raining.
You can turn oflthe television. I'rn not watching it.
Why are you under the table? 'What are you doing?
Please be

ffiPresentsinpte(Ido)=ingenera1,a11thetirneorsonretimes

Ido
pdst
tlow
I I work every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30.

frrttrre

n Tom has a shower evcry nrorning.

n lr rains a lot in rvinrer.
n I don't watch television very often.
n 'What do you usually do at the weekend?
We do nol use these verbs in the present continuous

like
prefer

want
need

love
hate

know
tnean

(I am -ing):

understand remernber
believe
forget

Use only the present simple with these verbs (I want /

tr I'm tired. I want to go home. (notl'n wanting)

depend

do you like? etc.):

tr 'Do you know that girl?' 'Yes, but I don't remernber her name.'
ll I donot understand. What do vou mean?
26:,,:

present continuous

Units

3-4

present simple

Units

5-7

present for the future

Uni:

::

Unit I

Exe rcises

Does he take photographs?

Yep, h|,

Is he taking a photograp6T No,.

Wha.t is he doing?
Hels ho"vtng e bq.LY'.

l'm

he

uoi;rd.ourr

d"aap-,

Is she driving a bus?

Does she drive a bus?
'What
is she doins?

Lsn'{,,

S\4.

qllv
(

r\ dr6

cleaney.

Does he clean windows?

Is he cleaning a window?

conrplete the sentences with am/isiare or cro/cron't/does/doesn't" ^_r

r Excuse me. fu-

Engrish?
't
2
Kate?'
C(Ql.r\lt
k,,,o*.,
J3 'Whatt
wnats rulnyi
tu+r"y? Whv
\
you
laughing?
0JlSyou spcak

hlrW

.)

'\Vhere's

4 'what. calN
your sister
do?' , 1 'She's a dentist.
'&61^
J5 rr
It [.15
L/J u
ra1n1ng.
.ri';i]"'rr .(XVd.l\+1... want
wanr to
ro go out in the rain.
r
'Canada.
6 'Where dS
d$..
- you conre l.rom?' 'Canada.'
7 How nruch &A[qD it cosr
cost to s,qnd.r
sBnd-r lerrcr.ro
lettcr.to Canada?
8 Steve is a good tennis player, but
:ur he
ItniTplay very
hc dG\Drn't'r.,,
,,.,.., often.

8.3

Put the verb in the pi'esent continuous (l am doing) or the present simple (l do).
1

me, d-o- go\ ?peak (you/speak) English?

''Where's Tom?' ' . Hp q havwg (he/have) a shower.,

Excuse

J
4

(ting).
(she/want) to go home now.

6
7
IJ

10
11

12
13

I4

ffilllltlrrrru"'

(you/sit) in my place.' 'Oh,I'm sorry.'

nor undersralr{). Can vou speak more slowlv?
'c etml\l'E

\l-NH
QNify'u

,l

1:.,1.1'.j:I\$,n $ln-r

$,Tli:'#:&rois'.A3,+r.\ fucnur h,St))

(your Farhcr z finish) work every day?
(l,notu lisren) ro it.
inUlp

*l'itrffir{r'frl'ffiW

lr,'ftg,.tg,'.1'., r. A,hd
You can say I have or

gst

I l'rrp

r.!
1il

I've got, he has or he's got:

(l've got)
(lve've got)
(you've got)
(they've got)

l've

goL

heaA-a<he.

(he's got)
(she's got)
+
sltort form

Il I have blue eyes. ()r I've got blue eyes.

has two sisters. or Tim has got two sisters.
x Our car has four doors. or Our car has got four doors.
n Sarah isn't feeling we11. She has a headache. ot She's got a headache.
I They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats. or Thev've got :r horse
n Tim

ffi

I haven't got

haveyou got? etc.

question

n.e.qatiue

short answers

lve i have not

you ] (haven't)
they |
] got
he

has not

'n; I i;;;;j

il I've got a motorbike, but I haven't got a car.

tr Tracey andJeff haven't got any children.
I Itt a nice house, but it hasn't got a garden.
[ 'Flave you got a camera?' 'No, I haven't.'
r 'What have you got rn your bag?' 'Nothing. It's
tr 'Has Helen got a car?' 'Yes, she has.'

empty.'

n What kind of car has she got?

I don't have / do you have? etc.
In negatives and questions you can also use doldoes ...
n They don't have any children. (: They haven't got any children.)
n It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden. (- it hasn't got a garden,r
tr Does Helen have a car? (: FIas Heien got a car?)
n 'What do you have in your bag? (= What have you got in your bag?)
:

28

had / didn't have fpast)

ijirits !'l

*i2

have breakfast/ have a shower etc.

L.lnit

5*

some an\

-r-i.r ?*

Exercise s
9.1

Urait

Write the shnrt form with got {we've got / he hasn't got etc.}.
1 we have got welve' gaL 3 they hane got'i. .,..:t.:,.. ',. ,,. "'5 it has got ,
2 he has got ,
4 :he lrrs ,'oigo,
r-, I hrue'no, go,
Read the questions and answe rs. Then write
1

2
3

4
5

se

ntences about

No.
Yes.

two brothers
and a sister.

Yes,

I haven't got.

.'\\''

Write these sentences with g*t {l've got / have you Eot etc"). The meaninq !s the same.
1 They have two children.
qhiL&_ron,

2 She doesn't have a kcv.

3 He has a new job.
,l They don't have nruch rnoney.

c
,..

5 1)o yor-r have an umbrella?

6 We have a lot of work to do.
.. : :;....
7 I don't have your phone number. ..,, . !,,..:,,,:,,,..
8 Does your father have a crr?
\-lrgj$f9 How much n-roney do rve have? f ' ]...,r.:.

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Write have got {'ve got}, h*s gct {'s got}, haven't got or hasn,t qot.
got :,).{*
't\'r {* i
1 Sarah h*pn'L got a car-. She goes everylvhere by bicycle.
2 They iike .rnirrrals. They" ve gol rhree dogs lnd rwo crts.
3 Charles isn't happy. Ue \::,j,1.-1.., f ,i..r \,
e lot of problems.
4 They don't read much. They 11,.)ii,r:i}li-:t_.,:\, Lr,;i. many books.
5 ''What's wrong?' 'I -:. ,::1..: il. ' , '.t:. sdhething in nry eye.,
O 'Where's my pen?' 'l don't knorv. I
7 Jultawanrs to go ro the concert,but she liJ-i:.li r',:;.:i\ ,t,-,, r-t a ticket.

cornplete the sente nees. [Jse havelhas sst CIr haven'tfhJsr:'t got with:
a lot-of fliends
four wheels
+-headaehe
sii legs+-ga+de+
rnuch tirne
a key
1 I'm not feeling weil. I 'ye gpL x hf.g4+*,9.
2 Itt a nice house, but it .. har4lt Eqt a- gardr,9,n, . r
3 Most cars \ .... r,. 1... ,, i. I
, : ,i ., - :.
4 Everybody likesTom. He rr ,,:,-l:',-. i,..,i,.L-\,,. ,,,,
5 I can't open thc dool. I
.. ' .,t,lii,:i. - ,:l ..r.
6 An insect i.l:-l'll.ry i,irC.-5 :.-.,.- .i',. ),5'.i...i.., ..- ,,.
7 -We must hurry. 'We ...r,..r,:..;.:,........1..:1,...,..',.... { .. { I : . '
,

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4.

F"4ark"

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ntences with E've got or

7 (a computer) .-. , ,,. ,

8 (adog)
I..
, ,
q (a biket
l l t lbrorhers/sisters)

I"j m

Have you got a dog?

Have you got a mobile phone?
Have you got a watch?
Have you got any brothers or

What about y*u? Writr

9.3

No.

Have you got a car?

Flave you sot a contputer?

slsters

se

/{dditioriai rxerr:ises F-7 (page 25a)