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The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

Andrew Poulter (ed.)
Published in print: 2007 Published Online:

Publisher: British Academy
January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.001.0001
ISBN: 9780197264027 eISBN: 9780191734908
Item type: book
This book provides a significant insight into the changes that occurred
in the late Roman period and which shaped the emergence of early
medieval Europe. The book provides detail regarding the changes in
the character of urbanism, military organization and the rural landscape
which separate the Roman Empire from Late Antiquity (first to early
seventh centuries AD). Some chapters focus on the lower Danube,
others provide comparative studies which range from northern Italy and
Pannonia to Greece, western Asia Minor and as far east as the Euphrates.
These chapters compare the results of different international research
teams but also contrast approaches and methodology in order to assess
the extent to which these differences might account for apparently
contradictory conclusions. The volume also demonstrates the uses
and pitfalls encountered in attempts to combine evidence provided
by ancient historians and archaeologists a theme which has wider
implications beyond this text.
Statics and Dynamics: Ancient Mediterranean Urbanism

Nicholas Purcell
in Mediterranean Urbanization 800-600 BC

January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197263259.003.0012
ISBN: 9780197263259 eISBN: 9780191734618
Item type: chapter
This chapter examines the dynamics and statics of urbanism in ancient

Mediterranean. It suggests that it is in the world of dynamics that much
of the distinctiveness of Mediterranean urbanism in the first half of the
first millennium is to be found. The chapter also argues that it is the
social, economic, and political institutions of the unstable clustered
Page 1 of 4
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communities of the region that made the urbanism of this period

distinctive.
Cariin Grad and the Changes in the Nature of Urbanism in the

Central Balkans in the Sixth Century
B. BAVANT
in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0014
ISBN: 9780197264027 eISBN: 9780191734908
Item type: chapter
Cariin Grad (Justiniana Prima) is an ideal site for studying urbanism in

the early Byzantine period. Amongst the numerous early Byzantine sites
in the central Balkans, Cariin Grad is one of the very few that was a
city and was founded in the sixth century. Its fortifications include three
separate walled areas (the Acropolis, the Upper City, and the Lower City).
Contrary to the traditional view, this chapter argues that the walls of the
Acropolis were not part of the original plan and that the Upper and Lower
Cities were established at the same time. The Church and the army
occupied more than two-thirds of the Upper City and the Lower Town
contained mainly public buildings. The only known intramural residential
area lies in the south-west corner of the Lower City. Houses here were
built of stone bonded with clay at ground-floor level, and the upper floor
was constructed with a timber frame and cob walls and had tile roofs. It
is also very likely that there was an extramural population, protected by
a ditch and palisades.
Nicopolis ad Istrum: Backward and Balkan?

M. WHITTOW

January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0015
ISBN: 9780197264027 eISBN: 9780191734908
Item type: chapter
The story of Nicopolis ad Istrum and its citizens exemplifies much that is
common to the urban history of the whole Roman Empire. This chapter
reviews the history of Nicopolis and its transition into the small fortified
site of the fifth to seventh centuries and compares it with the evidence
from the Near East and Asia Minor. It argues that Nicopolis may not have
experienced a cataclysm as has been suggested, and that, as in the fifth
and sixth century west, where landowning elites showed a striking ability
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to adapt and survive, there was an important element of continuity on

the lower Danube, which in turn may account for the distinctive Roman
element in the early medieval Bulgar state. It also suggests that the
term transition to Late Antiquity should be applied to what happened at
Nicopolis in the third century: what happened there in the fifth was the
transition to the middle ages. This chapter also describes late antique
urbanism in the Balkans by focusing on the Justiniana Prima site.
Ephesus in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period:

Changes in its Urban Character from the Third to the Seventh
Century ad
S. LADSTTTER and A. PLZ

January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0016
ISBN: 9780197264027 eISBN: 9780191734908
Item type: chapter
The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape

of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later
development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic disasters
when the city was afflicted by a series of earthquakes which led to a
temporary downturn in its economic circumstances. These destructive
earthquakes not only had long-term consequences for the city's
appearance, but also affected the very foundations of urbanism. This
chapter traces the history of Metropolis Asiae after the earthquakes of
the third and fourth centuries. The archaeological evidence proves that
rebuilding took place and within public areas, such as agorae or buildings
along the roads and included fountains and baths. The work was not
limited only to the reconstruction of buildings but efforts were made to
restore the splendid appearance of the city, reflecting the restoration
of its high urban status and commercial importance. This chapter also
describes the city's numerous churches that graphically attest to the
growing importance of Christianity as the state religion.
The Transition to Late Antiquity

A. G. POULTER

January 2012
DOI: 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0001
ISBN: 9780197264027 eISBN: 9780191734908
Item type: chapter
Page 3 of 4
In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in Late Antiquity

and especially in observing and trying to account for the changes
and evolutions which separate the Roman world from the early medieval
successor states in the West, and the Byzantine Empire in the East.
Most historians, once mistrustful of archaeology's potential role, now
accept that this relatively new discipline can contribute substantially
to the study of the ancient past. However, archaeology, like history, is
constrained by its own limitations: excavation can provide no answers
to questions not rooted in the data it extracts from the ground. This
chapter, and the chapters which follow, cover a wide spectrum of issues,
going beyond the problem of continuity or collapse on the lower Danube.
Modern research programmes operating within the region and further
afield, both in the northern Balkans and in Asia Minor, are analyzed.
Cities and urbanism in the Roman Empire are discussed.
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British Academy Scholarship Online

You are looking at 1-6 of 6 items for: keywords : urbanism

The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

Published in print: 2007 Published Online:

Statics and Dynamics: Ancient Mediterranean Urbanism

in Mediterranean Urbanization 800-600 BC

This chapter examines the dynamics and statics of urbanism in ancient

communities of the region that made the urbanism of this period

Cariin Grad and the Changes in the Nature of Urbanism in the

in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

Cariin Grad (Justiniana Prima) is an ideal site for studying urbanism in

Nicopolis ad Istrum: Backward and Balkan?

in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

to adapt and survive, there was an important element of continuity on

Ephesus in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period:

in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape

The Transition to Late Antiquity

in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond

In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in Late Antiquity

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