Sunday, September 14, 2014

Chapter 5 - Physics Notes!

5.1 Using Newtons First Law: Particles in Equilibrium

- When a particle is in equilibrium, net force acting on it (vector sum of all forces acting
on it) MUST be 0.!

Vector F = 0
- This equation is most commonly seen as !
Fx = 0 Fy = 0
- !

5.2 Using Newtons Second Law: Dynamics of Particles

- Vector F = ma; we use Newtons 2nd law for dynamics problems, when net force
DOES NOT = zero and bodies ARE NOT in equilibrium and hence are accelerating.!

- We often see this written!

Fx = max Fy = may
- !

Sunday, September 14, 2014

5.3 Frictional Forces

- Vector n = perpendicular component vector (normal force).!

- The component vector parallel to the surface and perpendicular to vector n is the
friction force, denoted by vector f. !

If the surface is frictionless then vector f is less than zero but theres still a
normal force. The direction of the friction force is always such as to oppose
relative motion of the 2 surfaces.

- The friction that acts when a body slides over a surface = kinetic friction force
vector fk. The adj. kinetic and subscript k remind us the 2 surfaces are moving
relative to each other. !

In many cases, the magnitude of fk is found experimentally to be proportional to

the magnitude n of the normal force. In such cases we rep the relationship w
the equation fk = kn (mu-sub-k). This equation is aka the coefficient of
kinetic friction, which gets smaller the more slippery the surface is. k has
no units bc its a quotient of 2 force magnitudes!

Friction and normal force are ALWAYS perpendicular!

-

Sunday, September 14, 2014

- Experiments show in many cases the maximum value (fs)max is approximately

proportional to n; we call the proportionality factor s the coefficient of static friction.!

- Rolling Friction!

- Fluid Resistance and Terminal Speed!

Fluid resistance = force that fluid (a gas or liquid) exerts on a body moving
through it. The moving body exerts a force on the fluid to push it out of the way.!

Fluid Resistance Equations!

!
The equation for terminal (final) speed, or vt, is given below:!

!
!
5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion

- The magnitude arad of the acceleration is constant and given in terms of the speed v
and the radius R of the circle by!

Sunday, September 14, 2014

- Subscript rad reminds us that at each point the acceleration is radially inward toward
center of the circle, perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity, which is why this
acceleration is often called centripetal acceleration. We can also show centripetal
acceleration arad in terms of the period T, the time for one revolution:!

- In terms of period, arad is !

- The magnitude of the radial acceleration is given by arad = v2/R, so the mag Fnet of
the net force on a particle w mass m in uniform circular motion must be!

- Uniform circular motion can result from ANY combo of forces, just so net force
sigma F vector is always directed to center of the circle w constant mag.!

5.5 Fundamental Forces of Nature

- gravitational interactions = familiar force of your weight, which results from earths
gravitational attraction acting on you.!

- electromagnetic interactions = electric and magnetic forces, part of 2nd familiar

class of forces!

- strong interaction = one class of interaction that is less familiar, responsible for
holding nucleus of an atom together, plays big part in thermonuclear runs that take
place at suns core and generate suns heat and light!

- weak interaction = range so short it plays a role only on scale of nucleus/smaller