Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. WORD CLASSES.
Pashto has the following main classes of words (parts
of speech): nouns (substantives), adjectives, pronouns,
particles, verbs. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns are the
nominal word classes.
direct singular
m 1
f 3 --awe — owe
>
m 1
The following table shows examples and the various
case forms:
(b) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
by a pronominal particle (me, (Kand. mi); de (Kand. di); mo
(Kand. mu); ye): e.g., wena ye karela, 'He was planting a tree',
constructed like a passive sentence 'A tree (wena, sing, fem.)
by him (ye) was being planted (karela past I, sing. fern.) .
1
erb
1 ) )
verb IV-A jorawem jor k(r)- joraw- jor kr- 'to build,
cure'
( trans .
present II 3d wi (yi) wi
sing. pi.
2d we way
3d we, fern, wa vu,f era. o(wo), (Kand.
we fem. wa way,
Pi. 1st wu (w)u Pesh.
2d wey wai (we) we)
3d we, fern, we (w)u,fem.
we
Pi. 1st -u
2d -ey
3d -f
15
past I past II verbal noun
sing. 1st tarelem ' (I) was wetarelem '(I) tarel (ra.pl)
2d *-ele being -ele was 'the tying'
3d tare tied by. #. .
!
tied
f. tarela (Kand.tarey; e tc by..
Pesh. tarelo) verbal adj.
pi. 1st tarelu tarunkay ,f . -unke
2d -e ley (Kand.-elast) 1
-tying 1
3d -el, fem.-ele
optative
tar (el jay (tar(el)ay)
PASSIVE PHEASES
sing. 1st tarel seway yem tarel seway wem tarel seway way
etc. etc. (way)
perfect II
16
POTENTIAL PHRASES