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Aim:
Theory:
The analog signal being monitored is fed into a pre amplifier, which changes
its amplitude so that it falls within the input range of the Analogue to Digital
Converter (ADC) and the trigger detector. When the resulting voltage crosses
a threshold set by the user the trigger unit signals the device to start recording.
The ADC samples the output of the pre amp at regular intervals and the digital
output from the ADC is then stored in consecutive locations in the memory.
When the memory is full the recording is stopped.
The Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC) continuously scans through the
recording producing a repeating analogue signal representing the contents of the
memory, which is sent to the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) for display. This is
required because the CRT image will fade away if not continuously refreshed.
If changes in the input voltage re-triggers the DSO then the memory is
overwritten with a new recording unless the user puts the system into HOLD
mode, Hold mode allows the user to analyse the signal trace for as long he/she
requires.
As the number of samples in any recording is determined by the size of the
memory, changing the sample frequency of the ADCs enables the user to alter
the length of the recording.
Let us now focus on the main processes and functions involved in the use of
DSO:
A. Triggering
Trigger determines when oscilloscope starts acquiring the data and display
waveform. Trigger source operations helps to find and select signal which
is to be used as trigger by the oscilloscope. Oscilloscope mainly provide
triggers like
i. Edge Trigger
ii. Video Trigger
iii. Pulse width Trigger
Most modern DSOs have additional trigger modes that allow the user to
make better use of the available storage space. One of the most important of
these is the Pre- Trigger mode, which allows the user to capture events that
occur before the trigger pulse. This is achieved by the DSO continuously
recording the analog signal until the trigger pulse is detected. This leaves
data from before the trigger point still in the memory.
Trigger Coupling option helps us to determine which part of the signal will
pass to trigger circuit and helps attaining a stable display of waveform.
Horizontal position control establishes time between trigger and screen
centre. Slope position determines whether the oscilloscope find trigger point
on rising or falling edge of signal.
B. Signal Acquisition
The pre amplifier, ADC and the memory form the signal acquisition block
of the Digital Storage Oscilloscope.
Procedure:
1. Turn ON the entire assembly of DSO and function generators.
2. Apply two different waveforms to DSO and select the required operation
using MATH menu.
3. Observe the addition and subtraction of the two signal by adjusting position
of input signal vertically.
4. Now apply only one signal to DSO and select FFT from MATH menu.
5. Select proper window type and observe the FFT of input signal on the
screen.
Observation:
1. Inputs for addition and subtraction waveforms:
Wave
Amplitude(Vpp)
Frequency
CH1
CH2
Wave
Amplitude(Vpp)
Frequency
CH1 + CH2
CH1 - CH2
2. FFT
Input wave:
Frequency:
Amplitude:
Window
Conclusion: Thus, we have studied the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) and various
mathematically related operations with it such as Addition, Subtraction and
FFT of input signal were performed and results were observed.