Paper 2

1 (a)
B
C
D
2 a)
B

c)

d)
3 a)
i)
ii)
Iii)

4. a)
b) i)
ii)
c)
d) i)
II)
5 a)
b)
c)

d)

Potential difference
0.2 V
Zero error / parallax error
To prevent parallax error// to ensure that the observer takes readings from the
correct position
Conservation of momentum
(m1+m2)v = m1u
V= 7.62 ms-1
The skateboard mover faster/ at a higher velocity. The momentum of the
skateboard increases caused by the change in momentum of the boy in the
opposite direction.
The boy may fall down because he cannot stop immediately. He tends to
continue his forward motion at the same velocity due to his inertia
Electromagnetic induction is the production of an e.m.f. across a conductor
when there is a changing magnetic flux.
Moves to and fro about the zero reading

When the magnets are removed, no induced current produced.

Although there is no catapult force produced to oppose the motion of the
pendulum again, because of inertia, the pendulum continues to oscillate until the
energy.
The marking in the fluorescent lamp indicates that it will normally use 36 J of
energy per second when it is connected to a 240 V power supply.
Water heater
The water heater has the highest power rating
E = Pt = 26x 5x 60 = 10800 J
P = IV
I = 3000/240 = 12.5 A
P = V2/ R
R= V2/ P = 19.2
Time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei to be reduced to half of its
original number.
Sodium 24. Because the half life of the radioisotope used is short.
i) same
ii) x = 140
y = 38
Radiation workers must wear gloves when handling radioactive materials/

1
1
1
1
1
2

2
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1

6 a) i
ii)

b)i)
c)i)
7.(a)
b)
c)
d)

8 a)
i)

iii)

(iv)

Laboratory coat must be worn.

the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air above
that surface.
When the steam or the hot water vapour inside the cup condenses, the air
pressure inside decreases.
The air pressure is much greater outside than inside the cup.
Thus, a force due to the pressure difference acts on the cup making it more
difficult to be lifted up.
The pressure variation = 1040 976 mbar = 64 mbar
= 64000 N m-2
This indicates strong winds.
Winds blow from high pressure regions to low pressure regions.
Energy required to increase the temperature of a kg substance by a 1 degree
Celcius.
The specific heat capacity of clay pan is greater.
Same
The increase of temperature of copper pan is higher than clay pan.
The higher the specific heat capacity, the lower the increase of temperature.
During the day, the sun heats up both the ocean surface and the land.
Water has greater specific heat capacity and heats up much more slowly than
land.
The air above the land will be warmer. and will rise throughout the day.
To collect more light from the object in order to produce a brighter image.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Fo = + 50 cm
Fe = 5 cm
Length of the telescope = fo + fe = 55 cm
The telescope is too long and inconvenient.
he image formed is inverted.

Total internal reflection

2
1
1
4

Section b
9) a)
i)
ii)

10.
a)
b)

c) i)

Density is distribution of mass per unit volume of a substance

Density of air in Diagram 7.1 is greater than density of air in Diagram

7.2
The number of load in Diagram 7.1 is greater than in 7.2
The height of the balloons in both Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 are
equal.
Buoyant force increases as density of air increases
Weight of load carries up increases as density of air increases
By Archimedes principle, the buoyant force = weight of water displaced
by the ship = submerged volume x density of water x gravitational field
strength.
River water has a lower density than that of seawater.
The buoyant force on the ship is smaller.
To produce a buoyant force which equals its total weight, the ship has to
displace more river water by submerging deeper into water.
Suggested modification
Reason
The ship is fitted with
The ballast tanks enable the
ballast tanks on both sides
ship to float when empty
and sink when filled with
water.
The whole body of the ship To prevent water from
is made watertight
entering the ship when it is
submerged.
The whole body of the ship Able to withstand high
is made stronger
water pressure when it is
submerged.
The body of the ship is
Able to move quickly and
streamline
easily through water.
The ship is fitted with a
To produce a larger thrust
larger and more powerful
for driving the ship against
propeller
strong opposing forces
through water.
The maximum displacement from equilibrium position
The diameter of string P is greater than the diameter of string Q.
The frequency of oscillation in Diagram 8.2 is less than that in Diagram 8.3.
The amplitude of waves produced are the same.
The greater the diameter, the less the frequency of sound wave.
The greater the frequency, the greater the pitch of the sound.
When the string is plucked, the string will vibrate.
The vibration from the strings is transferred (through the bridge) to the body of

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
10

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

ii)

11.
a)
b) i)
ii)
c)

the violin.
The body of the violin that is a hollow chamber that vibrates the air particles and
produce sound waves.
Suggested modification
Explanation
Low density of string//. Higher
Low mass.// Easy to vibrate
elasticity.
High tension of string
Can produce high frequency
Nickel / strong material
Can withstand bigger force/ /no
easily break
Sound hole must be big
More air can be trapped// the
coupled resonance of the front and
back plates produces a resonance
The bow must be made from strong No easily break.// to create friction
material // the bow must be sticky
between the bow and the strings.

Inertia causes body to lurch forward.

Seat belt prevents the body from lurching forward.
Seat belt has bigger surface area.
Reduce pressure on body.
characteristics
Reason
Smaller mass
Less force acting on head
White and shiny surface of helmet
To reflect the light
External part of helmet is strong and Does not break and change shape
rigid
Coated with light and soft material
Reduce impulsive force on head
S.
Small mass, White and shiny surface, light and soft and strong and rigid.
Ft = mv- mu
= 1500 ( -35- 40)
= 112500 Ns
Impulsive force =

12 a)

b)

10

Rate of change of momentum

112500
0.2

= 562500 N

Diagram 11.1, the n end of diode is connected to negative terminal of dry

cell
Diagram 11.2, the n end of diode is connected to positive terminal of dry
cell
Bulb in Diagram 11.1 lights up
No current flow in Diagram 11.2 // Current flow in Diagram 10.1
The bulb will lights up when the p end of diode is connected to the
positive terminal of dry cell.
Current only flow in the circuit when p end of diode is connected to
positive terminal of dry cell or in forward bias
characteristic
Explanation
Step down transformer
Capable of reducing potential
difference
Ratio 20 : 1
Reduce potential difference 240 V to

1
1
1
1

10

2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

Using 4 diodes
Using capacitor
s

12 V
Full wave rectification
Smoothen output current
Step down transformer, ratio is 20 :
1, using 4 diodes and using a
capacitor.

10

c) i)

12 V

ii)

Pi = VI = (240)(0.5) = 120 W
PO = 24 + 24 = 48 W
Efficiency = PO = 48 x 100% Pi 120 = 40 %

1
1
2

Paper 3
No.1
a) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
b

d
e
2 a)

The length, l of the wire X

The angle,
The distance from A to the needle // the diameter
of the wire //the material of wire X
Values of are correct
(All values are correct : 2M)
(One value incorrect : 1M)
Tabulate l and correctly in the table.
A Shows a table which have l , and
B State the correct unit of l /cm and /
C All values of l are correct
D Values of l and are consistent
l / cm
/o
50.0
36
40.0
30
30.0
21
20.0
16
10.0
9
Draw the graph of against l .
A - Label y-axis and x-axis correctly
B - States the unit at the axis correctly
C - Both axes with the even and uniform scale:
D - 5 points correctly plotted:
E - a smooth best straight line
F - minimum size of the graph is 5 x 4 squares of 2 x 2 cm.
State the correct relationship based on the candidates
graph
l is directly propotional to // l is increasing linearly to
1- The eyes of observer must be perpendicular to the scale
reading in order to avoid the parallax error.
2- Repeat the experiment and find the average.
(i) increases linearly as t
(ii) extend the line to intercept the axis
= 27.30C

(iii) suitable big drawn

k = 1.75 oC/ min = 0.0292 oC s-1
(i) substitution of m
Substitution of k
c = 4. 29 X 10 3 J kg-1 o C-1

c)

(II)Same
- the liquid must b stirred throughout the experiment
- stay away from wind

Section B:
3
(a)

State a suitable inference

The volume of gas depend on its temperature

(b)

State a relevant hypothesis

.The volume of gas increases as its temperature increases

(c)

State the aim of experiment

To investigate the relationship between the volume of gas and its temperature.

State the manipulated variable and the responding variable

Manipulated : Temperature
Responding : The volume of gas

State ONE variable that kept constant

Mass of gas

Complete list of apparatus and materials

Capillary tube, thermometer, water, metre rule and sulphuric acid
Arrangement of apparatus :

1
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
1
1. Apparatus is set as shown in the above figure.
1 2.
Water is heated to 300C.
State the method of measuring the responding variable
3. The vertical column of trapped air is measured by using metre rule.

Repeat the experiment at least 4 times

4. The experiment is repeated using the temperature 400C, 500C, 600C
and 700C.
Tabulation of data:
Temperature

Volume of gas

Analyse the data .

Volume of gas

Temperature

4
(a)
(b)

(c)

State a suitable inference

The length of wire influences the resistance
State a relevant hypothesis
. When the length of wire increases, the resistance also increases.
State the aim of experiment
To determine the relationship between the length of wire, l with
resistance, R.
State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : length of wire,l
Responding : resistance, R

State ONE variable that kept constant

Diameter of wire

Complete list of apparatus and materials

metre rule, voltmeter, ammeter, dry cell, rheostat, constantan wire

Arrangement of apparatus :

1
1

1
1

State the method of controlling the manipulated variable

Apparatus is set as shown in the above diagram
Measure length of wire, l = 20.0 cm with a metre-rule
State the method of measuring the responding variable
Adjust the rheostate so that current, I = 0.01 A throughout the
experiment.
Use current with smaller value so that the temperature of the constantan
wire is constant.
Calculate the resistance, R =I/V
Voltage, V is obtained from the voltmeter
Current, I is obtained from the ammeter
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment with l = 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm, 100.00 cm
Tabulation of data:
L ( cm)

V (V)

I (A)

20.0

0.01

40.0

0.01

60.0

0.01

80.0

0.01

R ()

100.0

0.01

Analyse the data .

R ()

l(cm)