Archaeostamps - C

ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Índice de contenido CÁDIZ SPANISH LOCAL ISSUE

CÁDIZ Spanish local issue............................................................1
CAMBODIA...................................................................................1 (1936-37)
CAMEROUN.................................................................................2
CANADA.......................................................................................2 Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 78,986 (1937). A major Spanish port on the Atlantic
CANTON French post office..........................................................5 Ocean, located in southern Spain. Contemporary Spanish stamps were overprinted by the Natio-
nalist local authorities during the Spanish Civil War.
CAPE VERDE...............................................................................5
CASTELLORIZO...........................................................................7
CATTARO......................................................................................7
CAVALLA French post office.........................................................7
CAYMAN Is...................................................................................7
CEPHALONIA AND ITACA............................................................8
CHAD..........................................................................................11
CHILE..........................................................................................14
CHIMARRA.................................................................................22
CHINA, Republic of.....................................................................22 Ovp ARQ #1
Viva España / Co-
Local and Provincial Issues...................................................24 medores / Municipa-
CHINA, Peoples Republic...........................................................25 les / Ayuntamiento
de / Cadiz
CHIOS.........................................................................................35
CILICIA........................................................................................36 Hercules
COLOMBIA.................................................................................36
CONGO. French Colony.............................................................44 1936, 24 Aug. Perforation: Diverse 
CONGO. Portuguese Colony......................................................44 Technique: Unwmk
CONGO REPUBLIC....................................................................44
CORFU........................................................................................45 Designer:
CORRIENTES, Argentina's province..........................................46 Printer: Ovp & surch., in republican stamps
COSTA RICA...............................................................................48 Sheet: ** ∘
CRETE Russian administration in Rethymnon............................51
1. 1+5 c bl grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
CRETE Therisson rebels.............................................................52
CRETE........................................................................................52 2. 2+5 c orange brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
CROATIA, German Occupation..................................................57 3. 5+5 c red (Red ovp) 0,45 € 0,45 €
CROATIA.....................................................................................57 green 0,45 € 0,45 €
4. 10+5 c
CUBA..........................................................................................60
5. 15+5 c Prus grn (Red ovp) 2,75 € 2,75 €
CYPRUS.....................................................................................65
CYPRUS Turkish Republic..........................................................82 6. 20+5 c dk vio 3,25 € 3,25 €
CYRENAICA Italian Colony.........................................................84 7. 25+5 c lake 2,50 € 2,50 €
CZECHOSLOVAKIA....................................................................86
8. 30+5 c rose red 1,40 € 1,40 €
CZECH REPUBLIC.....................................................................88
9. 40+5 c dk blue (Red ovp) 3,25 € 3,25 €
10. 50+5 c dk blue 6,50 € 6,50 €
Hercules
1936, 24 Aug. Perforation: Diverse 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
11. 5 c Red & yellow
CAMBODIA
(1951-)
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 11,163,861. A constitutional monarchy in south-east Asia.

It lies in Indochina and borders Vietnam, Laos and Thailand. During the 9th-13th centuries, Cam-
bodia was the centre of the Khmer empire, which ruled Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and southern
Vietnam. By the 19th century, Khmer power had long been declining, and in 1863 a French protec -
torate was established over Cambodia. A constitutional monarchy was established in 1941. In
1951, Cambodia became a separate member of the French Union, and in 1955 it became fully in-
dependent. During the Vietnamese War, Cambodia attempted to maintain its independence and
neutrality. In 1965, relations were broken with the United States, after ARVN forces attacked Viet-
Cong bases in Cambodia. By 1969, the Viet-Cong-supported Khmer Rouge rebels posed such a
threat that relations were restored. In 1970, the monarchy was deposed, and a pro-western repu-
blic was established. In 1971, the name Khmer Republic was adopted. There followed several ye-
ars of intense fighting between the North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge and the U.S.-backed for-
ces of the republic. More than 100,000 died during 1971-75. The communists quickly defeated go-
vernment forces after the U.S. withdrawal from South Vietnam. There followed one of the more bi-
zarre and horrifying episodes in recent history. The Khmer Rouge broke with their Vietnamese
1
allies and began a systematic reign of terror that claimed one million lives during 1975-78. During designation to the United Republic of Cameroon. Politically stable, Cameroon has enjoyed consi-
this period (1977-78), Cambodia was renamed Democratic Kampuchea. In 1978, border skir- derable development in agriculture and transportation since independence.
mishes with Vietnam erupted into war, and in January 1979, a Vietnamese-backed regime was es-
tablished. During 1983-89 Vietnam effectively occupied Cambodia, reducing the Khmer Rouge to
guerrilla resistance in remote rural areas. In 1993 U.N.-sponsored elections led to the restoration Icarus
of the monarchy. Khmer Rouge resistance to the new government continued through most of the
1990s. 1984, 20 Dec Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Litho Unwmk
Designer: H. Erni
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
1. 200 F Green & ultra 0,90 € 0,60 €

Austral. amanensis Austral. afarensis Austral. africanus
CANADA
(1851-)
Homo rudolfensis Parant. boisei Homo habilis
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 29,123,194. An independent state within the British Com-
Hominids monwealth, occupying the northern part of North America. Under French rule until 1763, when it
was transferred to Britain, modern Canada was formed with the union of the various individual Bri-
2001, 25 Oct.
tish colonies in North America in 1867. British Columbia and Vancouver Island were added in
1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, and Newfoundland in 1949. Canada possesses rich natural
Perf.: 13  resources. The majority of the population is English-speaking and of British descent, while in Que-
bec 80 percent are of French descent.
Tech.:
Homo erectus Homo sapiens neanderthal Unwmk
Hermes – Mercury ¿?
Designer:
1928, 21 Sep Perforation: 12 ñ
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
Technique: Unwmk
1. 100 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
2. 200 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer:
3. 300 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
4. 500 r Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
1. 5 c Brn olive 10,00 € 3,50 €
5. 500 r Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
a Imperf. Pair 175,00 €
6. 1000 r Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €
7. 1500 r Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 € Hermes – Mercury

8. 4000 r Multicolor 2,60 € 2,60 € 1930, 4 Dec. Perforation: 11 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Hominids
Designer:
2001, 25 Oct.
Printer:
Perf.: 13  Sheet: ** ∘
Tech.: 2. 5 c Brn olive 42,50 € 20,00 €
Unwmk
Hermes – Mercury ¿?
1932, 22 Feb. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Homo sapiens sapiens Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 3. 6 c Surch #1 on stamp #1 7,00 € 3,25 €
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ a Imperf. Pair 150,00 €
9. 5400 r Multicolor 3,50 € 3,50 € b Double surch 500,00 €
c Triple surch 225,00 €
d Pair one without surch 600,00 €
CAMEROUN Hermes – Mercury

1932, 22 Jul. Perforation: 11 ñ
(1897-) Technique: Unwmk
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 14,677,510. A republic in West Africa. Cameroun was a Designer:
German protectorate until 1915, when it was occupied by the British and French. In 1922, it was
mandated to these countries by the League of Nations. The French portion became the indepen- Printer:
dent State of Cameroun in 1960, with the southern portion of the British mandate joining it in 1961.
The northern portion of the British mandate joined Nigeria. In 1972, Cameroun changed its official
Sheet: ** ∘
2
4. 6 c Surch #2 on stamp #2 20,00 € 10,00 €
Daedalus
1935, 1 Jan. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Algonquian
5. 6 c Red brown 2,75 € 1,00 € speaking indians
a Imperf. 50,00 € 1972, 6 Jul.
Daedalus Perf.: 12 x 12 ½ 
1935, 1 Jan. Perforation: 12  Tech.: Litho
Buffalo chase
Technique: Unwmk Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer:
12. 8 c Multicolor normal paper 0,30 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
a Fluorecent paper 0,40 € 0,25 €
6. 20 c Carm 7,50 € 6,00 €
a Imperf. 450,00 €
Indians drying skins b Pair normal paper 0,60 € 0,50 €
on stretchers
c Pair florescent paper 0,80 € 0,60 €
1950, 2 Oct.
Perf.: 12 Algonquian speaking indians
Tech.: 1972, 4 Oct. P.: 12 ½ x 12 

 
Unwmk Tech: Litho Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Canadian Bank Note Co. Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
7. 10 c Blk brn 0,65 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
1,25 € 0,20 € Thunderbird Ceremonial sun

8. Ovpt “G”
dance costume
a Pair one without ovp 675,00 € 480,00 €
Kayak a Fluorecent paper 0,40 € 0,25 €

1955, 21 Feb.
Perf.: 12
b Pair normal paper 0,60 € 0,50 €
Tech.:
c Pair florescent paper 0,80 € 0,60 €
  Unwmk
Designer: Algonquian
speaking indians
Printer: Canadian Bank Note Co. Sheet: ** ∘
1973, 21 Feb.
9. 10 c Violet brn 0,25 € 0,20 €
Perf.: 12 x 12 ½ 
10. Ovpt normal “G” 0,90 € 0,20 €
a Ovpt thick “G” 1,75 € 1,25 € Tech.: Litho

Algonquian artifacts Mimac indians
Unwmk
Indian encampment on Lake Huron Designer:
1971, 11 Aug Perforation: 12 ½  Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
Technique: Unwmk 16. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Designer: 17. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Printer: a Pair 0,60 € 0,50 €
Sheet: ** ∘
11. 7 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € Algonquian speaking indians

1973, 28 Nov P.: 12 ½ x 12 
Tech: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3
Thunderbird Algonquian man Iroquois

and woman
1976, 16 Sep.
18. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Perf.: 13 ½ 
19. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
a Pair 0,60 € 0,50 € Tech.: Litho

Algonquian-speaking Indians of Canada (Malecite, Micmac, Montagnais, Algonquin and Ojibwa). Unwmk
Cornhusk mask Iroquian encampment
Pacific coast indians Designer:
1974, 16 Jan. Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
28. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Perf.: 12 ½ x 12 
29. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Tech.: Litho
a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 €
Nootka sound house Nootka sound instruments Unwmk
Designer: Iroquois
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ 1975, 4 Apr. P.: 12 ½ 
20. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 € Tech: Litho & emboss
21. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,50 € 0,40 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Pacific coast indians Iroquoian Iroquian dance
thunderbird
1972, 22 Feb. P.: 12 ½ x 12 
30. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Tech: Litho Unwmk
31. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 €
Printer:
Iroquois (Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga and Tuscarora).
Sheet: ** ∘
Chief wearing Thunderbird from First humans in America
Chilkat Kwakiutl house
1986, 29 Aug Perforation: 12 ½ x 13 
22. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
23. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,50 € 0,40 €
Pacific coast Indians of Canada (Haida, Salish, Tsimshian, Chilkat and Kwakiult)
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sub-artic indians
32. 34 c Multicolor 0,50 € 0,25 €
1975, 4 Apr.
Perf.: 13 ½ Crowfoot (1830-1890) Blackfoot chief


1986, 5 Sep. Perforation: 13 x 13 ½ 
Tech.: Litho
Montagnais-Nas-kapì artifacts Dace of the kutcha-kutchin Unwmk Technique: Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
24. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
25. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € 33. 34 c Multicolor 0,50 € 0,25 €
a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 €

Native house
b Imperf pair between 750,00 €
1998, 23 Sep Perforation: 12 ½ x 13 
Sub-artic indians Technique: Unwmk
1975, 4 Apr. P.: 12 ½  Designer:
Tech: Litho Unwmk Printer:
Designer: Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: 34. 45 c Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Univ. of Brtish Columbia's Museum of
Kutchin ceremonial Objibwa
Anthropology, Totem
costume thunderbird
1999, 9 Mar. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
26. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
27. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Technique: Unwmk
a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 € Designer:

Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
35. 45 c Multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 €
4
Shaman 12. 40 c red /straw 18,00 € 18,00 €
1999, 31 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½ x 13 13. 50 c car /rose 20,00 € 20,00 €


14. 75 c dp vio /org 30,00 € 30,00 €
Technique: Unwmk
15. 1 F brnz grn / straw 30,00 € 30,00 €
Designer:
16. 5 F red lil /lav 190,00 € 190,00 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Hermes - Mercury
35. 45 c Multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 €
1901, 15 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Greek scene
Designer:
2003, 25 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½ x 12 ½ 
Printer: Red ovp #1
Technique: Unwmk
Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
17. 1 c blk /lil bl 2,50 € 2,00 €
Printer:
18. 2 c brn / buff 2,50 € 2,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
19. 4 c claret /lav 2,50 € 2,00 €
36. 48 c Multicolor 0,35 € 0,35 €
20. 5 c yell grn 2,50 € 2,00 €
Chief Membertou 21. 10 c lavender 2,50 € 2,00 €
2007, 26 Jul. Perforation: 13 22. 15 c gray 2,50 € 2,00 €


23. 20 c red /grn 13,00 € 9,25 €
Technique: Unwmk
24. 25 c blue 5,25 € 3,00 €
Designer:
25. 25 c blk /rose ('04) 4,50 € 3,00 €
Printer: Canadian Bank note
26. 30 c brn /bister 15,00 € 10,50 €
Sheet: ** ∘
27. 40 c red /straw 40,00 € 37,50 €
37. 52 c Multicolor
28. 50 c car /rose 225,00 € 200,00 €
29. 50 c brn /az 50,00 € 40,00 €
CANTON FRENCH POST OFFICE

30. 75 c dp vio /org 40,00 € 37,50 €
a Inv INDO-CHINE 28.750,00 €
31. 1 F brnz grn / straw 40,00 € 37,50 €

(1894-1922)
32. 5 F red lil /lav 47,50 € 40,00 €
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. Until Dec. 31, 1922, France maintained an extensive postal system
in China. In addition to a general series of stamps for these offices, individual issues were used at
French post offices in Canton, Hoi Hao, Mongtsen, Pakhoi, Tch'ong K'ing (Chunking) and Yunnan
Fou (Kunming). In addition, stamps were issued for Kwangchowan, a leased territory administered
by French Indochina
CAPE VERDE
(1877-)
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 393,843. A group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, west of
Senegal. Cape Verde was uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1456 or 1460.
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 The first Portuguese settlers arrived in 1462, and black slaves were introduced soon thereafter.
Canton Numerals The modern Cape Verdeans are descendents of the two groups. In 1975, Cape Verde became in-
dependent, with close ties to Guinea-Bissau (the former Portuguese Guinea). Drought and famine
in recent years have created major difficulties for this already impoverished nation.
Hermes - Mercury
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Red ovp #1 Ovp #1
Sheet: ** ∘ Ovp #2
Wmk #1
1. 1 c blk /lil bl 1,10 € 1,10 €
2. 2 c brn / buff 1,10 € 1,10 €

Ceres
3. 4 c claret /lav 2,25 € 2,25 €
1914 – 1921 Perforation: 15 x 14 
4. 5 c grn /grnsh 425,00 € 425,00 €
Technique: Typo Unwmk
5. 5 c yell grn 1,75 € 1,75 €
Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér-
6. 10 c lavender 3,50 € 3,50 € gio de Carvalho e Siva
7. 15 c blue, quadr. paper 4,00 € 4,00 € Printer:
8. 15 c gray 4,25 € 4,25 € ** ∘
Sheet:
a double ovpt 16,00 €
1. ¼ c olive brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
9. 20 c red /grn 10,00 € 10,00 €
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €
10. 25 c blk /rose 7,25 € 7,25 €
2. ½ c blk 0,20 € 0,20 €
11. 30 c brn /bister 17,00 € 17,00 €
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €
5
3. 1 c green 0,85 € 0,75 € 38. 10 $ E rose ('26) 19,00 € 14,00 €
4. 1½ c lila brn 0,20 € 0,20 € 39. 20 $ E turq ('26) 50,00 € 38,00 €
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €

Ceres
5. 2 c carm red 0,20 € 0,20 € Classic Era.
Constantino de Sobral Fernandez / José Sérgio de Carvalho e
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 € Silva
1931, Nov. Typo
6. 2½ c vio 0,20 € 0,20 € Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €
ARQ Scott Yvert Michel ** ∘
7. 5 c dk blue 0,75 € 0,45 € 40 214 207 207 70 c on ARQ# 33B 2,75 1,40
8. 7½ c brn yell 0,20 € 1,00 €
Ceres
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 1,00 €
1931, Nov. Perforation: 12 x 11 ½ 
9. 8 c gray 0,40 € 0,30 €
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,40 € 0,30 €
Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér-
10. 10 c brn orange 0,20 € 0,20 €
gio de Carvalho e Siva
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer:
11. 15 c li brn 6,50 € 6,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
12. 20 c green 0,20 € 0,20 €
40. 70 c Ovp 1 on stamp #33 2,75 € 1,40 €
a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €
13. 30 c brn /green 3,50 € 3,50 €

Ceres
14. 40 c brn /rose 3,75 € 3,75 €
1934, 1 May. Perforation: 12 x 11 ½ 
15. 50 c orange /salmon 3,75 € 3,75 €
Technique: Typo Wmk 1
Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / Arnaldo
Ceres Fragoso
1921 – 1926 Perforation: 12 x 11 ½  Printer:
Technique: Typo Unwmk Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér- 41. 1 c brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
gio de Carvalho e Siva 42. 5 c sepia 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer: 43. 10 c vio 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 44. 15 c black 0,30 € 0,30 €
16. 1 c green 0,20 € 0,20 € 45. 20 c gray 0,30 € 0,30 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,20 € 0,20 € 46. 30 c dk green 0,30 € 0,30 €
17. 2 c gray ('26) 0,30 € 0,30 € 47. 40 c org. red 0,30 € 0,30 €
18. 3 c org. 2,40 € 2,40 € 48. 45 c brn 1,70 € 0,80 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,30 € 0,25 € 49. 50 c bright blue 0,80 € 0,50 €
19. 4 c rose 0,20 € 0,20 € 50. 60 c olive grn 0,80 € 0,50 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,20 € 1,60 € 51. 70 c arg. brn 0,80 € 0,50 €
20. 4½ c gray 0,30 € 0,30 € 52. 80 c emer. 0,80 € 0,50 €
21. 5 c bright blue 0,30 € 0,30 € 53. 85 c dk rose 3,50 € 2,40 €
22. 6 c lila 0,30 € 0,30 € 54. 1 $ brn 2,40 € 0,50 €
23. 7 c ultra 0,30 € 0,30 € 55. 1,40 $ dk blue 3,00 € 3,00 €
24. 12 c bl greenish 0,50 € 0,50 € 56. 2 $ vio 3,80 € 2,40 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,90 € 0,80 € 57. 5 $ grn 17,00 € 5,00 €
25. 15 c rose brn 0,30 € 0,30 € 58. 10 $ pale rose 28,00 € 16,00 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,25 € 0,20 € 59. 20 $ org. 50,00 € 22,00 €
26. 24 c ultra ('26) 0,90 € 0,80 €
choc ('26)
Ceres
27. 25 c 0,90 € 0,80 €
28. 30 c gray grn 0,50 € 0,50 € 1949 Perforation: 12 x 11 ½ 

29. 40 c turq blue 0,50 € 0,50 € Technique: Typo Unwmk
30. 50 c vio ('26) 0,80 € 0,70 € Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér-
gio de Carvalho e Siva
31. 60 c dk blue 1,20 € 0,90 €
Printer:
32. 60 c rose ('26) 1,20 € 0,80 €
Sheet: ** ∘
33. 80 c brght rose 4,00 € 1,20 €
60. 70 c Ovp 2 on stamp #47 2,00 € 1,20 €
34. 1 $ E rose 4,60 € 2,80 €
35. 1 $ E dk blue ('26) 4,60 € 2,80 €
36. 2 $ E dk vio 4,50 € 2,80 €
37. 5 $ E buff ('26) 7,50 € 6,00 €
6
CASTELLORIZO 1893, 1 Apr. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 

Technique: Unwmk
(1920-32) Designer:
Printer:
Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 2,238 (1936 estimate). Small island in the Mediterrane-
an off the southwest coast of Turkey. Occupied by France in 1915, Castellorizo was transferred to Sheet: ** ∘
Italy in 1920. After World War II, the island, along with the rest of the Dodecanese Islands, passed
to Greece.
1. 5 c grn /grnsh (R) 12,00 € 8,50 €
a Carmn surch. 15,00 € 8,50 €

Hermes - Mercury
2. 5 c yel grn (I) ('00) (R) 16,00 € 10,50 €
1912 - 1915 Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
3. 10 c blk /lav (I) 125,00 € 87,50 €
Technique: Unwmk
4. 10 c blk /lav (II) 17,50 € 10,50 €
Designer:
5. 15 c blue (R) 25,00 € 14,00 €
Printer: Carmn surch. 25,00 € 14,00 €
a
Sheet: ** ∘
6. 1 p on 25 c blk /rose 21,00 € 16,00 €
1. 5 l Green 7. 2 P on 50 c car /rose 62,50 € 42,50 €
2. 10 l Red 8. 4 P on 1 F brnz grn /str (R) 62,50 € 52,50 €
3. 25 l Blue a Carmn surch. 65,00 € 52,50 €
Sold in a Bid from 33 €
9. 8 p on 2 F brnz /az ('00) 77,50 € 70,00 €
(Bk)
CATTARO
(1944) CAYMAN IS.
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A Croatian province on the Adriatic, occupied by the Italians from Cayman Islands (1901-)
1941-43, and Germans, 1943-45, during World War II. In 1944, Italian and Yugoslavia issues were
overprinted for use in Cattaro by the German Occupation Authorities
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 36,153 (1997 estimate). Three islands in the Caribbean
Sea, northwest of Jamaica. The Cayman Islands have been a British colony since its settlement in
the 18th century. During the 1970s, the Caymans became a tax-free haven for banking, and many
Western banks have branches in the colony.
Surch ARQ #1
DEUTSCHE / MI-
LITÄR- / VERWAL-
TUNG / KOTOR
Emperors
1944, Jan. Perf.: 
Tech: Unwmk
Wmk #1
Designer:
Printer: Hermes - Mercury
Sheet: ** ∘ 1949, 10 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 

1. 0,5 LIT On 10 c 5.000 60,00 € 75,00 € Technique: Engraved Wmk #1
2. 4 LIT On 25 c 5.000 60,00 € 75,00 € Designer:
3. 10 LIT On 25 c 5.000 60,00 € 75,00 € Printer:

Sheet: ** ∘
1. 2½ d Orange 0,30 € 0,65 €
CAVALLA FRENCH POST OFFICE Hermes - Mercury

1949, 10 Oct. Perforation: 11 
(1893-1914)
Technique: Engraved Wmk #1
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A town in northern Greece. The French post office in Cavalla used
unoverprinted French stamps (canceled "5156" within a diamond-shaped grid of dots) after 1874. Designer:
During 1893-1914, it used stamps overprinted or inscribed "Cavalle." Seized by Bulgaria from Tur-
key in 1912, Cavalla was taken by the Greeks in 1913. Bulgarian stamps overprinted by the Greek Printer:
occupation authorities were used pending the arrival of regular Greek stocks.
Sheet: ** ∘
2. 6 d Olive 0,65 € 2,00 €
Type I Type II
Hermes - Mercury
7
1941, 15 May Perforation: 

Technique: Unwmk
CEPHALONIA AND ITACA Designer:
Printer: Ovp ARQ #2
(1941)
Glory Sheet: ** ∘
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. Two of the Ionian Islands, off the western coast of Greece. The is-
1. 5 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
lands were occupied by Italian forces in 1941, when Greek stamps were overprinted for use in the
two islands by local Italian military authorities. These were soon superseded by the general occu- 2. 10 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
pation issues for the Ionian Islands.
a Ovp on single
3. 20 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
4. 40 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
a Ovp on single
5. 50 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
6. 80 l 30,00 € 25,00 €
7. 2 D 20,00 € 20,00 €
Wmk ARQ #1
a Ovp on single 620,00 €
8. 5 D 95,00 € 35,00 €
Argostoli Overprints 9. 6 D 95,00 € 35,00 €
10. 25 D 190,00 € 190,00 €

Ovp on pairs ARQ #1
ITALIA / Occupagione Mil-
itare / Italiana isole / Ce-
falonia e Itaca
Ovp ARQ #2 Ovp ARQ #3
ITALIA / Occupazione Mil- ITALIA / Occupazione Mil-

itare / Italiana isole / Ce- itare / Italiana isola / Ce-
falonia e Itaca falonia e Itaca
Helios driving the sun Deadalus and Icarus

chariot Iris
Historical
1941, 15 May.
Perf.: 13 ½ x 12  Palas Athenea holding Hermes - Mercury Zeus carrying off

Pegasus Ganimede
Tech.: Litho
Battle of Salamis Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Ovp ARQ #1 Sheet: ** ∘
1. 2 d On 2 d (Carm) 9.500,00 € 3.900,00 €
a 2 d On 2 d (Black) 410,00 € 270,00 € Bellerephon and Pegasus

Triptolomenos, king of Phrixos and Helle in Ram
Eleusis flying over the Hellespont
Mithological
1941, 15 May. Perforation: ñ Technique:
Unwmk Designer:

Contest with bull Lady of Tirynis Zeus of Dodone
11. 1 D
a Ovp on single
12. 2 D
a Ovp on single
Diagoras of Rhides, victor 13. 5 D

Coin of the Amphictyonic Venus of Melos
league at Olympics
a Ovp on single
14. 7 D
15. 10 D
a Ovp on single
16. 25 D
Battle of Salamis Alexander the Great at a Ovp on single
Chariot of Panathenaics
Battle of Issos
Festival
17. 30 D
Historical
8
a Ovp on single 27. 50 l 35,00 € 35,00 €
18. 50 D a Ovp on single 400,00 € 270,00 €
19. 100 D 28. 80 l 570,00 € 360,00 €
a Ovp on single a Ovp on single 620,00 € 400,00 €
29. 2 D 25,00 € 20,00 €
a Ovp on single 260,00 € 180,00 €
30. 5 D 390,00 € 280,00 €
a Ovp on single 260,00 € 180,00 €
31. 6 D 440,00 € 290,00 €
a Ovp on single 260,00 € 180,00 €
Higeia 34. 25 D 3.300,00 € 1.800,00 €
1941, 15 May. Perforation:  Technique: a Ovp on single 1.350,00 € 460,00 €
Unwmk Designer:
20. 10 l
21. 20 l
22. 50 l Helios driving the sun Iris Deadalus and Icarus

chariot
Contest with bull Zeus of Dodone Hermes - Mercury Hermes – Mercury (re-
Palas Athenea holding
Pegasus issued)
Lady of Tirynis
Zeus carrying off Triptolomenos, king of Bellerephon and Pegasus

Ganimede Eleusis
Coin of the Amphictyonic Diagoras of Rhides, victor
league at Olympics Mithological
1941, 15 May Perforation: ñ
Venus of Melos
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Phrixos and Helle in Ram Printer:

flying over the Hellespont
Sheet: ** ∘
35. 1+1 D 1.200,00 € 830,00 €

Battle of Salamis
Chariot of Panathenaics Alexander the Great at
a Ovp on single 110,00 € 95,00 €
Festival Battle of Issos
36. 2+2 D 1.200,00 € 830,00 €
Historical
a Ovp on single 95,00 € 80,00 €
1941, 15 May.
b Ovp on re-issue
Perf.: 
37. 5+5 D 520,00 € 300,00 €
Tech.:
a Ovp on single 570,00 € 350,00 €
Glory Unwmk 38. 7+7 D 85,00 € 65,00 €
Designer: a Ovp on single 230,00 € 170,00 €
39. 10+10 D 8.500,00 €
23. 5 l 90,00 € 70,00 € a Ovp on single
a Ovp on single 400,00 € 750,00 € 40. 25+25 D 2.500,00 € 1.500,00 €
24. 10 l 130,00 € 95,00 € a Ovp on single 820,00 € 350,00 €
a Ovp on single 1.700,00 € 41. 30+30 D 4.400,00 € 3.100,00 €
25. 20 l 250,00 € 180,00 € a Ovp on single 750,00 € 300,00 €
a Ovp on single 400,00 € 270,00 € 42. 50 D Ovp on single 6.500,00 € 3.300,00 €
26. 40 l 570,00 € 550,00 € 43. 100 D Ovp on single 6.500,00 € 1.400,00 €
a Ovp on single 400,00 € 300,00 €
9
Higieia Carmine 1.800,00 €
1941, 15 May. 51. 2 D Black 2.000,00 € 280,00 €
Carmine 2.400,00 € 1.800,00 €

Perf.: 
52. 5 D Black 3.300,00 € 950,00 €
Tech.:
Carmine 2.300,00 €
Unwmk Black 2.600,00 € 900,00 €
53. 6 D
Designer: 55. 25 D Black 6.200,00 € 2.200,00 €
Printer: Ovp ARQ #3 Sheet: ** ∘ Carmine
44. 10+10 l 260,00 € 230,00 €
45. 20+20 l 2.800,00 € 1.800,00 €
Ithaca Overprints
Helios driving the sun Iris Deadalus and Icarus
chariot
Ovp ARQ #4 Ovp ARQ #5

occupazione / Militare Italiana / isole / Occupazione / Militare Italiana / isole /
Cefalonia e Itaca Cefalonia e Itaca
Palas Athenea holding Hermes - Mercury Hermes – Mercury (re-
Pegasus issued)
Contest with bull Lady of Tirynis

Zeus carrying off Triptolomenos, king of Bellerephon and Pegasus
Ganimede Eleusis
Zeus of Dodone
Mithological
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Phrixos and Helle in Ram Printer: Ovp ARQ #4

Coin of the Amphictyonic Diagoras of Rhides, victor Venus of Melos flying over the Hellespont
league at Olympics Sheet: ** ∘
56. 1 D 400,00 € 250,00 €
57. 2 D 400,00 € 250,00 €
58. 5 D 1.800,00 € 720,00 €
59. 7 D 2.000,00 € 850,00 €
60. 10 D
Battle of Salamis Chariot of Panathenaics Alexander the Great at
Festival Battle of Issos 61. 10 D re-issued
Historical 62. 25 D 3.200,00 € 1.550,00 €
1941, 15 May. 63. 30 D 4.600,00 € 1.550,00 €
Perf.: 64. 50 D 6.200,00 € 1.800,00 €


65. 100 D 6.200,00 € 2.600,00 €
Tech.:
Glory Unwmk
Designer:
45. 5 l Black 15,00 € 15,00 €
46. 10 l Black 15,00 € 15,00 €

Contest with bull Zeus of Dodone
47. 20 l Black 1.650,00 € 460,00 €
Carmine 2.400,00 € 1.800,00 €

Lady of Tirynis
48. 40 l Black 1.650,00 € 460,00 €
Carmine 2.400,00 € 1.800,00 €
49. 50 l Black 165,00 € 130,00 €
Carmine 2.400,00 € 1.800,00 €
50. 80 l Black 7.200,00 €
10
82. 25 D 8.200,00 €
83. 30 D 8.200,00 €
Coin of the Amphictyonic Diagoras of Rhides, victor Venus of Melos

league at Olympics
Hygeia
1941, 15 May Perforation: 
Technique: Unwmk
Battle of Salamis Chariot of Panathenaics Alexander the Great at
Festival Battle of Issos Designer:
Historical Printer: Ovp ARQ #5
1941, 15 May. Sheet: ** ∘
Perf.: 84. 10 l 4.500,00 € 2.050,00 €


85. 20 l 7.700,00 € 6.200,00 €
Tech.:
86. 50 l 7.700,00 € 6.200,00 €
Unwmk
87. 50 l 7.700,00 € 6.200,00 €
Glory
Designer:
Printer: Ovp ARQ #5 Sheet: ** ∘ CHAD
66. 5 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
67. 10 l 17,00 € 17,00 €

(1922-36, 1959-)
68. 20 l 1.650,00 € 460,00 €
69. 40 l 1.650,00 € 460,00 € Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 7,166,023. A republic in central Africa. A former depen-
dency of Ubangi-Shari, Chad was occupied by the French during 1897-1914, after defeating fierce
70. 50 l 170,00 € 130,00 € native resistance. In 1920, Chad became a separate colony, joining in French Equatorial Africa in
1934. In 1958, the Chad Republic became an independent state in the French Union, and in 1960,
71. 80 l 7.200,00 € it became fully independent. Following independence, Chad retained close ties with France, which
provided economic aid and support in the government's civil war with Libyan-backed Arab guerri-
72. 2 D 2.000,00 € 280,00 € llas after 1966. In 1981, Libyan forces occupied Chad at the request of a coalition government.
Libya's efforts to merge the two nations, however, alarmed even the pro-Libyan elements of the re-
73. 5 D 3.300,00 € 950,00 € gime, and international pressure brought a rapid Libyan withdrawal. Libyan forces remained in the
northern part of the country until 1987, and Libya continued to claim the mineral-rich Aozou strip
74. 6 D 2.600,00 € 620,00 € until 1994. After years of civil war, of foreign invasions, and of coups and counter-coups, Chad
adopted a new constitution and held its first multiparty elections in 1996.
75. 25 D 6.200,00 € 2.200,00 €
Kadu Antelopes
Helios driving the sun Iris Deadalus and Icarus Rhinoceros
chariot
Antelopes Ostrich Horned bull
Palas Athenea holding Hermes - Mercury Zeus carrying off

Pegasus Ganimede
Mithological
Bull Wild swine Elephant
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Triptolomenos, king of Printer: Ovp ARQ #5

Eleusis
Sheet: ** ∘
77. 2 D 410,00 € 410,00 € Rhinoceros Warrior with spear and Masked archer
shield
78. 5 D 3.300,00 € 1.300,00 €
Tibesti pictorials
79. 7 D 3.300,00 € 1.300,00 €
80. 10 D 8.500,00 €
1962, 20 Apr. Perforation: 13 T Technique: Engraved
81. 10 D re-issued 6.200,00 € 2.000,00 € Unwmk Designer:
11
** ∘ chevron incisions. The shaven heads of the figurative statuettes are tiny, whereas the lips and chin
Print: Sheet: are prominent. The short arms of the statuettes carry sashes crossed over the bust, and jewellery.
Other sculptures are hybrid, being made up of a cylindrical body mounted by an animal head.
1. 50 c olive bister 0,20 € 0,20 € Some isolated heads have their faces engraved with circle motifs
2. 50 c brown red 0,20 € 0,20 €
Ramses II battling the Hittites from Abu-
a Pair ARQ# 1-2 0,20 € Simbel
3 1 F blue 0,20 € 0,20 € 1964, 9 Mar. Perforation: 13 
4 1 F green 0,20 € 0,20 € Technique: Engraved Unwmk
a Pair ARQ# 3-4 0,20 € Designer:
5 2 F vermeillon 0,20 € 0,20 € Printer:
6 2 F maroon 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
a Pair ARQ# 5-6 0,25 € 18. 10+5 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
7 5 F slate green 0,30 € 0,20 € 19. 25+5 F Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
8 5 F violet blue 0,30 € 0,20 € 20. 50+5 F Multicolor 0,50 € 0,50 €
a Pair ARQ# 7-8 0,65 €

Theme: Monumets of Nubia
9 10 F brown 0,50 € 0,30 €
City: Fort - Lamy
10 10 F orange brown 0,50 € 0,30 €
Text: Sauvegarde / de / Monumets / de Nubie
a Pair ARQ# 9-10 1,00 €
TCD_19640309 FDC 2,00 €
11 25 F carmine rose 1,50 € 0,75 €
12 25 F violet 1,50 € 0,75 €
a Pair ARQ# 11-12 3,00 €

The Tibesti Mountains are a group of dormant volcanoes forming a mountain range in the central
Sahara desert in the Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region of northern Chad. The northern slopes ex-
tend a short distance into southern Libya.
The mountains are the largest and highest range in the Sahara. The highest peak is Emi Koussi,
3415 m. Other summits include Kegueur Terbi (3376 m), Tarso Taro (3325 m), the active volcano
Pic Tousside (3265 m) and Soborom (3100 m). While the high peaks themselves are all constitu-
ted of volcanic material, the mountains stand on broad uplifted area possibly caused by a mantle
plume.
The mountains are known for their cave paintings, mostly dating from the 5th to the 3rd millennium
BC, and for the geysers and hot springs around Soboroum.
Head Head with crown Anthropomorphic

Head and bowl
bronze brazalet
Art Sao. Excavations of J. Courtin at Bouta Kevira and Gawi

1966, 1 Apr. Perforation: 13  Technique: Engraved
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
21. 15 F Ol choc & ultramarine 0,20 € 0,20 €
Clay weight. Ancestral mask. Ancestral clay Gazelle bronze 22. 20 F Dk red, brn & bl grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
Excavations of Excavations of Leon statue Excavations excavations Griaule
Lebeuf Pales of Lebeuf - Lebeuf 23. 60 F Brt bl, choc & ver 0,50 € 0,35 €
Art sao 24. 80 F Brn org, grn & pur 0,70 € 0,40 €
1963, 2 Dec. Perf.: 13  Theme: Art Sao

Tech: Engr Unwmk
City: Fort - Lamy
Designer:
Text: Festival / Mondial / Des arts negres / Art Sao
Printer:
TCD_19660401 FDC 2,50 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Bronze pectoral Staff of Hermes - Mercury

13. 5 F Brt grn & red brn 0,20 € 0,20 € 1966, 24 May Perforation: 12 ½ x 12 
14. 15 F Gray, dl cl & red 0,20 € 0,20 €
Technique: Unwmk
15. 25 F Dk bl & org brn 0,40 € 0,25 €
Designer: Derrey
16. 60 F Org brn & slate grn 0,80 € 0,35 €
Printer: Delriu
17. 80 F Org red & olive 0,85 € 0,40 €
Art Sao
Sheet: ** ∘
These objects seem to come from places of worship inside the mounds emerging from the low-
25. 30 F Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
lying plain running up to the southern edge of lake Chad. Zoomorphic items were produced from
the 2nd century BC onwards, however it is only in the 12th and 13th centuries AD that large num-
ber of terracotta anthropomorphic and zoomorphic sculptures, measuring between 1.5cm and 35
cm high, were produced. These statuettes were found alongside copper alloy items, small human
figurines, and more especially many items of jewellery, sometimes adorned with small-scale hu-
man heads or animal forms.
A number of these human representations are heavily stylised, such as cylindrical busts with eyes
perforated through the clay, and a mouth marked by an incision. A special feature is the horned ex-
crescence on top of the head. Other busts support a simple, flat oval head.
Another group of sculptures, which include both zoomorphic representations, stylised busts and fi-
gurative human statuettes, are characterised by eyes made up of a sphere slit horizontally, and by
12
Greek column Print: Sheet: 4 ** ∘
1966, 23 Aug. Perforation: 13  31a 235 F Multicolor 3,00 € 3,00 €
Technique: Engr Unwmk

Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Woman and harp player Camel riding hunting

Giraffes
26. 32 F Sl bl, vio & car rose 0,25 € 0,20 € ostrich
Enedi rock art

Tchadanthropus uxoris – Homo erectus 1967, 19 Dec.
1966, 20 Sep Perforation: 13  Perf.: 13 
Technique: Unwmk
Tech.:
Masked dancers Rabbit hunt
Designer:
Unwmk
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: SO.GE.IM Sheet: ** ∘
27. 30 F Gray red & ocher 1,25 € 0,50 €
32. 15 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Tchadanthropus uxoris was the name given in 1965 to the partial skull of the first early hominid till
then discovered in Central Africa, found in Chad during an expedition led by the anthropologist 33. 30 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Yves Coppens. The skull was uncovered in 1961 by Yves Coppens' wife Françoise near Koro
Toro. The name was given by Yves Coppens, and means "my wife's Chadian man". 34. 50 F Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Early thought a million of years old Chadian variety of the Homo habilis, the Tchadanthropus uxor -
is is no longer considered to be a separate species, and scholars consider it to be Homo erectus. 35. 100 F Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
36. 125 F Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Stone axe Flint arrow Bone harpon
Artifacts from the Chad National Museum Archers Costumes Funeral vigil
1966, 11 Dec Perforation: 13  Enedi rock art

Technique: Engr Unwmk 1968, 19 Nov Perforation: 13 
Designer: Technique: Engr Unwmk
Stone mill Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Dispute Printer: SO.GE.IM
28. 25 F dp bl, red & dk brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
29. 30 F brn, dp bl & blk 0,25 € 0,20 €
37. 2 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
30. 85 F dk red, brt bl & brn 0,75 € 0,35 €
38. 10 F Multicolor 0,35 € 0,20 €
31. 100 F Prus grn, dk brn & bis 0,80 € 0,45 €
39. 20 F Multicolor 0,70 € 0,20 €
brn
40. 25 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Theme: Enedi rock art

City: Fort - Lamy
Text: Peintures / rupestres / de l'ennedi
TCD_19681119 FDC 2,50 €
Australopithecus bahrelghazali (Abel)

1998, 12 Nov Perforation: 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Impressor, S.A.
Sheet: ** ∘
41. 1500 F Multicolor

Australopithecus bahrelghazali is a fossil hominin that was first discovered in 1993 by the paleon-
Artefects from the Chad National Museum tologist Michel Brunet in the Bahr el Ghazal valley near Koro Toro, in Chad, that Brunet named
Abel. It was dated using Berylium based Radiometric dating as living circa. 3.6 million years ago.
The find consists of a mandibular fragment, a lower second incisor, both lower canines, and all
1966, 11 Dec. Perforation: 13  Technique: Engraved
four of its premolars, still affixed within the dental alveoli. The specimen's proper name is KT-
12/H1; "Abel" is the informal name, a dedication to Brunet's deceased colleague Abel Brillanceau.
Unwmk Designer: The specimen located roughly 2,500 kilometers West from the East African Great Rift Valley.
13

Sahelanthropus tchadensis is a fossil ape originally classified as the oldest possible member of the
human family tree, but more recently as a Miocene ape related to humans and other living African
apes, that is thought to have lived approximately 7 million years ago
Sahelanthropus tchadiensis (Toumai)

Australopithecus bahrelghazali
2005, 19 Jun. Perforation: 13  Technique:
1998, 12 Nov Perforation:  Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Imprimerie Poste Tunisie Sheet: 1 ** ∘
Print: Impressor, S.A. Sheet: 1 ** ∘
CHILE
(1853-)
Easter island Stonehenge Jericho

Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 14,508,168. A republic in southwest South America. Chi-
le was settled by Spain as early as 1540, although Indian resistance in the south was not overco-
me until the late 19th century. During 1817-18, Chile secured its independence, with the aid of Ar-
gentine forces under San Martin. During the 19th century, Chile aggressively expanded its bor-
ders, acquiring nitrate-rich northern districts from Peru and Bolivia during the War of the Pacific,
1879-84, and subduing Indian resistance in the south. After 1891, Chile was a liberal republic, but
economic problems in the 1970s and 1980s produced social unrest and radical regimes, both Lef-
tist and Rightist. Since 1989, Chile has prospered under restored civilian rule.
San Agustin Chichen Itza

Machu pichu
Sites
1999 Perforation: 12 ¾ 
Technique: Unwmk Surch ARQ #1
Eº 0,10 / Art. 77 /
Designer: Ley / 178272
Printer:
Persepolis Wood sculpture of
Sheet: ** ∘ Eater Island
43. 50 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 € 1940, 1 Mar.
44. 150 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 € Perf.: 14 ½ x 14 ¼ 
45. 300 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Tech.: Engr
46. 400 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Unwmk
47. 500 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Designer:
48. 700 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Printer: Talleres de especies valoradas Sheet: 15 ** ∘
49. 900 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
0. 0,8+2,2 P Dk green, lake 1,40 € 1,25 €
Sahelanthropus tchadiensis (Toumai) 0-I. 3,6+6,4 P Lake, dk green 1,40 € 1,25 €
2005, 19 Jun. Perforation: 13 

Easter Island moai statue
Technique: Unwmk
1956, 10 Aug Perforation: 14 x 14 ½ 
Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Printer: Imprimerie Poste Tunisie
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
50. 25 F Multicolor
Sheet: ** ∘
51. 50 F Multicolor
14
1. 20 $ Ultramarine 0,20 € 0,20 € 5-I. 0,5 Eº Dull green bl 0,35 € 0,20 €

Fewer than one-fifth of the statues were moved to ceremonial sites and then erected once they
had red stone cylinders (pukau) placed on their heads. These "topknots", as they are often called,
5-II 5 Eº lilac  0,35 € 0,20 €
were carved in a single quarry known as Puna Pau. About 95% of the 887 moai known to date
were carved out of compressed volcanic ash at Rano Raraku, where 394 moai still remain visible
today. Recent GPS mapping in the interior may add additional moai to that count. The quarries in Ocean Pacific
Rano Raraku appear to have been abandoned abruptly, with many incomplete statues still in situ. cultures
However, the pattern of work is very complex and is still being studied. Practically all of the com-
pleted moai that were moved from Rano Raraku and erected upright on ceremonial platforms were 1974, 5 Sep.
subsequently toppled by native islanders in the period after construction ceased.
First European drawings of moais, in the lower half of a c.1772 Spanish map of Easter Island
Perf.: 15 x 14 
A close up of the moai at Ahu Tahai, restored with coral eyes by the American archaeologist Wi-
lliam Mulloy
Moai from Ahu Ko Te Riku in Hanga Roa, with Chilean Navy training ship Buque Escuela Esmeral - Manutara mithological Tahiti dancer Tech.:
da cruising behind. This moai is currently the only one with replica eyes. turtle
Although usually identified as "heads" only, the moai are actually heads and truncated torsos. Unwmk
In recent years, toppled moai have been found untouched and face-down. This led to the disco-
very that the famous deep eye sockets of the moai were designed to hold coral eyes. Replica eyes Designer:
have been constructed and placed in some statues for photographs.
Printer: Sheet: 4 ** ∘
The statues were carved by the Polynesian colonizers of the island beginning by about A.D. 1000
– 1100. In addition to representing deceased ancestors, the moai, once they were erect on cere-
6. 200 e Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
monial sites, may also have been regarded as the embodiment of powerful living chiefs. They
were also important lineage status symbols. The moai were carved by a distinguished class of pro-
7. 200 e Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
fessional carvers who were comparable in status to high-ranking members of other Polynesian
craft guilds. The statues must have been extremely expensive to craft; not only would the actual The Tangata manu (the bird-man), is the winner of a traditional competition of the Easter Island
carving of each statue require effort and resources, but the finished product was then hauled to its people. The ritual was a competition to collect the first egg of the manutara from Motu Nui island.
final location and erected. It is not known exactly how the moai were moved but the process al - This gave the leader of the winning clan the title of Tangata manu, and great power on the Island.
most certainly required human energy, ropes, wooden sledges and/or rollers. Another theory is This took place starting from the ceremonial city of Orongo, where the fittest from each clan went
that the moai may have been "walked" by rocking them forward. (Pavel Pavel and his successful down the cliffs, swam in the sea, snatched an egg and had to go back up. Many of such competi-
experiment[2] showed that only 17 people with ropes are needed for relatively fast transportation tors were killed by sharks or by falling.
of moderately small statues and suggest this technique could be scaled to move larger statues as Make-make was the chief god of the bird cult.
well). By the mid-1800s, all the moai outside of Rano Raraku and many within the quarry itself had
been knocked over. Today, about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ceremonial sites.
Ancient island legends speak of a clan chief called Hotu Matu'a, who left his original home in se-
arch of a new one. The place he chose is now known to us as Easter Island. When he died, the is -
land was divided between his six sons and later sub-divided among their descendants. The islan-
ders may have believed that their statues would capture the chiefs' "mana" (supernatural powers).
They may have believed that by concentrating mana on the island good things would result, e.g.,
rain would fall and crops would grow. The settlement legend is a fragment of what was surely a
much more complicated and multi-faceted, mythic sketch, and it has changed over time
Easter Island moai statue

1962 Perforation: 14 x 14 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
First Day Cover of stamp set issued in 1974. This First Day Cover is also a First Flight
Cover as all FDCs were carried in the opening Lan Chile flight from Santiago, to Easter
Sheet: ** ∘
Island, Tahiti, Fiji, and Australia. The cover has several cancels and cachets: First Day
2. 2 c Ultramarine 0,20 € 0,20 € Cover, First Flight Cover, Easter Island, and Suva (Fiji) at the back.
Moai statue from Ranu Raraku volcano

1965, 15 May. Perforation: 14 x 14 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 6 c Rose lilac 0,45 € 0,20 €
4. 10 c Rose pink (1968/10/01) 0,20 € 0,20 €
Moai statue from Ranu Raraku volcano

1965, 15 May. Perforation: 14 x 14 ½  Athena - Minerva
Technique: Unwmk 1976, 7 Jul. Perforation: 14 ¾ 
Designer: Technique: Unwmk
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
5. 10 c Surch #1 on stamp #3 0,20 € 0,20 €
8. 2,5 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Map of Easter Island

Theme: Athena - Minerva
1970, 26 Jan. Perforation: ñ
City: Santiago
Technique: Unwmk
Text:
Designer:
CHL_19760707 FDC
Sheet: ** ∘
15
The ruins of the are located in a bend of the gorge whose channel flows waters of the river San
Pedro rio Grande (big river) and on an inclined plane of strong slope.All the constructions are of
stone, generally without a previous elaboration and extracted of the liparita bank, on which it is se -
ated. The houses and their small attached silo, the defensive enclosures that are noticed in the pe -
riphery and assigned to the same defensive wall, the enclosures that store to the grains and
watchtowers, cover in number of 160 .
he Pukara de Quitor has a strategic location: it is defended back by an insurmountable precipice
and ahead, with a defensive wall in the most vulnerable part. It is impressive constructions that
climbs a lofty hill and is formed by volumes constructed with great alternate stones with others
smaller, united with earth mortar. To the center it emphasizes a semicircular building like tower.
The Pukara de Quitor dates from XII century and was reinforcing during the Inca’s occupation.
In 1981 the Pukara de Quitor was recovered, resuming activity in 1992 with contributions of the In-
ternational Spanish Agency of Cooperation
www.letsgochile.com
Llamas, rock painting, Rio Ibañez, Aisen

1983, 26 Aug Perforation: 13 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
13. 7 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Athena - Minerva
1976, 7 Jul. Perforation: Imperf.  Technique: Theme: Llamas, rock painting, Rio Ibañez, Aisen
Unwmk Designer: City: Santiago
Print: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: 2 ** ∘ Text:
9. 3,20 $ Multicolor 8,00 € CHL_19830826 FDC
Theme: Hermes - Mercury Duck-shapped jug with human head

City: 1983, 26 Aug Perforation: 13 ½ 
Text: El Mercurio 150 años Technique: Unwmk
CHL_19770705 FDC Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Inca child mummy, from El Plo-
mo 5450 mt. 14. 7 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
The Diaguita, also called Diaguita-Calchaquí, are a group of South American indigenous peoples.
1980, 14 Sep Perf.: 13 ¼  The Diaguita culture developed between the 8th and 16th centuries in what are now the provinces
of Salta, Catamarca, La Rioja and Tucumán in northwestern Argentina, and in the Atacama and
Technique: Unwmk Coquimbo regions of northern Chile.
Diaguita tribes were sometimes confederated, and sometimes at war against each other. When
Designer: the Inca started extending their empire southwards during the 15th century, the Diaguita fiercely
resisted the invasion.
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile They were unique at the time for their lack of a caste system, and lack of gold or other sumptuous
goods. They tended to live in clans. For the most part the men were monogamous, with chiefs
Sheet: ** ∘
possibly practicing bigamy.
They later fell to the Incas, though the influence of the Incas was successfully stopped at the Cór-
10. 5 $ Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 € doba mountains. Their surviving descendants contributed to organized resistance to the Spa-
niards.
a with label Diaguita peoples were one of the most advanced Pre-Columbian cultures in Argentina. They had
sophisticated architectural and agricultural techniques, including irrigation, and are known for their
ceramic art. They preferred the colours white, red and black.
Moais on the slopes of Rano Rarku volcano
Puoko Tangata carved stone head, Easter Is.
1981, 28 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½ 
1983, 26 Aug Perforation: 13 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
11. 3,50 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
15. 7 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Pucara de Quitor, San Pedro de Atacama
1983, 26 Aug Perforation: 13 ½ Ahu Aviki

1984, 11 Jul. Perforation: 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer: Technique: Unwmk
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
12. 7 $ Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
It takes his name from the pre-Hispanic agrarian grouping, the “Ayllu of Quitor”, whose fields of 16. 9 $ Multicolor 0,35 € 0,25 €
cultivates are born on the foot of the Pukara Quitor, fortification erected in the course of the XII
Ahu Akivi, this is the only Ahu whose Moais face the ocean and they are oriented towards Polyne-
century, as an answer to the expansionistic intentions of the Aymaras neighbors.
sia. It is said these Moais represent the seven warriors sent by Hotu Matua to explore the island
Entering towards Quitor, the Pukara de Quitor lies on the top of a hill on the river of San Pedro,
that have been seen in a dream by a man called Hau Maka. The island was called Te Pito O Te
this place is a old indigenous fort which dates from more than 700 years. The Pukara de Quitor
Henua (Navel of the Earth) by Hotu Matua people and later Easter Island by European navigators.
was declared National Monument in 1982. It is a pre Inca construction data of century XII. The Pu-
kara de Quitor is done with stones that climb a hill as a fortification with a perimeter defensive wall.
16
Easter island Theme: Cultural object

1986, 15 May Perf.: 13 ¼  City: Santiago
Technique: Unwmk Text:
Designer: CHL_19861017 FDC

Sheet: ** ∘
Art from Easter Island

17. 60 $ Multicolor 0,60 € 0,40 €
1988, 1 Apr. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
18. 100 $ Multicolor 1,10 € 0,75 €
Tech: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Carved wooden Birdman stone Sheet: ** ∘
head from Kava carving from
Kava Tangata Manu
21. 20 $ Brick red & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €
a Perf in three sides 0,20 € 0,30 €
22. 20 $ Brick red & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €
Ruins of Tongariki b Bklt pane 6 #21 4 #22 2,00 €
c Pair #21, #22 0,40 € 0,40 €

Easter Island has one of the richest collection of rock art in all Polynesia. Around 1000 sites with
more than 4000 petroglyphs are cataloged. Designs and images were carved out of rock for va-
Rapa Nui dancer in Rano Raraku quarry riety of reasons: to create totems, to mark territory or to memorialize a person or event. Pe-
troglyphs are common also in the neighboring Marquesas islands.
Easter island
1986, 15 May. Perforation: 13 ¼  Technique:
1988, 1 Apr. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Unwmk Designer:
Tech: Litho Unwmk
Print: Sheet: 1 ** ∘
Designer:
17a. 60 $ Multicolor 1,10 € 1,10 €
18a. 100 $ Multicolor 1,90 € 1,90 €
Sheet: ** ∘
23. 20 $ Yellow & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €

Theme: Moais from Easter Island
City: Santiago
24. 20 $ Yellow & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €
Text:
CHL_19860515 FDC
b Bklt pane 6 #21 4 #22 2,00 €
c Pair #21, #22 0,40 € 0,40 €
Theme: Athena - Minerva Art from Easter Island

City: Santiago 1989, 20 Mar. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Text: Tech: Litho Unwmk
CHL_19860908 FDC Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Cultures
25. 25 $ On stamp #21 0,25 € 0,20 €
1986, 17 Oct.
26. 25 $ On stamp #22 0,25 € 0,20 €
Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Tech.: Art from Easter Island
Diaguita urn, duck jug Mapuche silver ornament
Unwmk 1989, 20 Sep. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Designer: Tech: Litho Unwmk
Printer: Sheet: 4 ** ∘ Designer:
19. 30 $ Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
20. 30 $ Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
a pair 0,65 € 0,30 € 27. 25 $ Ovpt DS Nº 20 on stamp #25 0,25 € 0,20 €
28. 25 $ Ovpt DS Nº 20 on stamp #26 0,25 € 0,20 €
17

1989, 16 Oct. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Tech: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
29. 25 $ On stamp #23 0,25 € 0,20 €
a On stamp #23a 0,25 € 0,20 €
30. 25 $ On stamp #24 0,25 € 0,20 €
a On stamp #24a 0,25 € 0,20 €

1991, 30 Apr. Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Tech: Litho Unwmk Easter island
Designer: 1989, 9 Sep. Perforation: Imperf.  Technique:
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Unwmk Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
29. 45 $ On stamp #23 0,25 € 0,20 €
35. 300 $ Multicolor 5,25 € 5,25 €
30. 45 $ On stamp #24 0,25 € 0,20 €
a On pair 0,60 € 0,30 € Atacama potter

1989, 12 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
Rapa Nui dancers
Technique: Unwmk
1988, 9 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
36. 30 $ Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
33. 100 $ Multicolor 1,10 € 0,60 €
In pre-hispanic times, before the Inca empire, the super-arid interior was inhabited mainly by the
Atacameño tribe. It is most notable for the construction of fortified towns called pucara(s), one of
Tangata Manu (Bird Man) petroglyphs on which can be seen a few miles from San Pedro de Atacama.
top of Ranu Kau volcano
Selk'nan – Onas bow hunter
1988, 9 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
Technique: Unwmk
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
** ∘
Sheet:
Sheet: ** ∘
34. 100 $ Multicolor 1,10 € 0,60 €
a Pair #33, #34 2,75 € 1,40 €
37. 150 $ Multicolor 2,10 € 0,75 €

Theme: Sculpture The Selk'nam, also known as the Ona lived in the Tierra del Fuego islands, in southern Chile and
Argentina. They were one of the last aboriginal groups in South America to be reached by Wester -
City: Isla de Pascua ¿? ners, in the late 19th century, when the Chilean and Argentine governments began efforts to explo-
re and integrate Tierra del Fuego (literally, the "land of fire" based on early European explorers ob-
Text: serving Selk'nam smoke from their bonfires).The Selk'nam were nomadic people and survived by
hunting. They dressed sparingly, a remarkable feat given the cold climate of Patagonia. Selk'nam
CHL_19880909 FDC religion was quite different from other typical "primitive" systems of beliefs. It more or less denied
the existence of a supreme being; these beings were only mentioned in one legend as a part of
the past, in creation myth.
In many of their tales, we can read about shaman-like characters. Such a /xon/ has supernatural
capabilities, e.g. he can control weather
Theme: Pottery, archer

City: Santiago
Text:
CHL_19861012 FDC
18
Easter Island
1992, 9 Jun.
Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Tech.: Litho
Moais Dancers and bird man
petroglyph Unwmk
Designer:
38. 200 $ Multicolor 1,30 € 0,70 €
39. 200 $ Multicolor 1,30 € 0,70 €
a Pair 2,75 € 1,40 €
Theme: Bird man¿?

City: Hanga Roa, Easter Is.
Text: Moais
CHL_19920609 FDC 1999 Postal Card 
Designer:
Print: ** ∘
PS1. Multicolor
Petroglyph, ceremonial Llamas, Taira sector, El Loa Harponed whale, El Meda-

mask, Limari prov. prov. no, Taital prov.
Rock Art
1995, 16 Jun. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Two mask, Encanto, Ovalle
Sheet: ** ∘
40. 150 $ Multicolor 0,70 € 0,50 €
41. 150 $ Multicolor 0,70 € 0,50 €
42. 150 $ Multicolor 0,70 € 0,50 €
43. 150 $ Multicolor 0,70 € 0,50 € Ranu Rarako volcano

a Block of 4 3,75 € 2,00 € 1999, 23 Apr. Aerogramme ñ
Theme: Whale rock art Designer:
City: Santiago Print: Norton ** ∘
Text: PS2. Multicolor
CHL_19950616 FDC
Map, dancer, moais and Kon-Tiki ship
Capuchin monk in Easter Island 1999, 25 Jun. Perforation: 13 ¼ 
1998, 18 May Perforation: 13 ½  Technique: Offset Unwmk
Technique: Offset Unwmk Designer: U. Faber
Designer: E. Contreras Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘ 46. 360 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,50 € 1,50 €

44. 250 $ Multicolor 50.000 0,75 € 0,40 €
Theme: Map of Easter Is.
Moais, native names os Easter Is.: Te Pito City: Valparaiso
O Te Henua and Rapa Nui
Text:
1998, 10 Sep Perforation: 13 ½ 
CHL_19990625 FDC
Technique: Offset Unwmk
Designer: M. Navarro G.
Sheet: ** ∘
45. 500 $ Multicolor 50.000 2,75 € 1,25 €
19
Dancer. Stone Moai Pa Paa Matatoa (warrior)

weapon "Ao" (wooden carved Moai kava kava
moai) and birdman (another carving
wood moai)
Easter island
2000, 27 Apr. Perforation: 13 ¼  Technique: Offset
Unwmk Designer: A. Olivares Bueno
Print: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: 4 ** ∘

Men with their bodies painted for a ceremony
47. 200 $ Multicolor 100.000 0,75 € 0,35 €
48 260 $ Multicolor 300.000 0,95 € 0,50 €

2001, 25 Jun. Perforation: 13 ¾  Technique:
49 340 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,25 € 0,60 € Unwmk Designer: A. Olivares Bueno

Rapa Nui dancer and Rongo Rongo tablet
53. 2000 $ Multicolor 6,75 € 3,50 €
Technique: Offset Unwmk Easter Island
Designer: A. Olivares Bueno 2002, 1 Jul.
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Perf.: 13 ¼ 

Sheet: ** ∘
Tech.:
Man as Tangata manu Unwmk

50. 480 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,75 € 0,90 € Tapa figure
(Bird man)
Rongorongo or ko hau rongo rongo (Rapa Nui kohau rongorongo "wooden messenger, talking
wood" is the undecipherable script of Easter Island. This ancient script is usually written in reverse Designer: A. Olivares Bueno
boustrophedon fashion, bottom to top writing. Texts were carved, often using shark's teeth or obsi-
dian into wooden boards and therefore disappeared quickly. 26 Rongorongo texts exist, in several Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: 80 ** ∘
museums of the world, none of which remains in Rapa Nui.In an alleged prophetic statement, Hotu
Matu'a, the legendary first settler of Rapa Nui, who is said to have brought 67 tablets from his unk- 54. 250 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,00 € 1,00 €
nown homeland, proclaimed, or so we are told, that decipherment of a small fraction of the Rongo-
rongo tablets would be attempted by others, in this sense foreign or alien, great ma'ori (skilled or 55. 450 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,80 € 1,80 €
old ones), and that these attempts would fail, and that the vast majority of them would perish. We Tapa figure made of bark of Mahute shrub. This Tapa figure is considered to be a model for the
know that waka (boat) maori was sculpted and the name kohau is also a piece of a canoe. traditional tattoo designs used by the islanders.
In the middle of 19th century tribal wars destroyed NgaAra Miru clan, and a lot of the tablets were
burned. It is impossible to evaluate the lost data in epigraphy. NgaAra was the final king initiated
into understanding of the rongorongo script.
Theme: Wooden Carved Moai

City: Easter Is. ¿?
Text:
CHL_20000427 FDC
Easter Island
2001, 25 Jun.
Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Tech.: Offset
Unwmk
Designer: A. Olivares Bueno
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: ** ∘
Rapa Nui dancer and Moais
51. 260 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,00 € 1,00 €
a With vignette
2002, 1 Jul. Perforation: 13 ¾  Technique:
52. 260 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,00 € 1,00 € Unwmk Designer:

a With vignette Print: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: 1 ** ∘
This stamp set has a vignette with a black and white photo of Moais in an Ahu. As this
vignette was situated between two sets in the original design of the sheets, just half 56. 2000 $ Multicolor 7,50 € 3,75 €
the sets could be accompanied of a vignette.
20
Theme: Moais
City:
Text:
CHL_20020701 FDC
Moais on the slopes of Rano Raraku

2006, 19 May Perforation: 13 ½ 
Designer: Roberto Sepulveda B.
Easter Island
2002, 1 Jul.
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Perf.: 13 ¼ 
57. 230 $ Multicolor 50.000
Tech.: Offset
Moais
Unwmk
2007, 9 May Perforation: 14  Designer: Mauricio Navarro G
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Designer: Roberto Sepulveda B. 57. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile 58. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
59. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
58. 390 $ Multicolor 50.000 60. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
61. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000

Costumes from Easter Island
62. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
2008, 18 Jan. Perf.: 13 ½ 
63. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
Tech: Offset Unwmk
64. 390 $ Multicolor 30.000
Designer: Mauricio Navarro G
Sheet: ** ∘
59. 1500 $ Multicolor 30.000
60. 1500 $ Multicolor 30.000

2008, 18 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½  Technique: Offset
Unwmk Designer: Mauricio Navarro G

2008, 18 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½  Technique: Offset
65. 3120 $ Multicolor 30.000
Unwmk Designer: Mauricio Navarro G
56. 3000 $ Multicolor 30.000
Theme: Moai and map

City:
Text:
CHL_20080118 FDC
21
1927, Chiang moved against Soviet influence in the Nationalist government, and the communists
split with the regime, launching a guerrilla war against the central government. In 1931, Japan oc-
CHIMARRA cupied Manchuria and began to expand into China, openly invading the country in 1937. The Na-
tionalists and communists maintained an uneasy truce during World War II, but with the defeat of
Japan and the occupation of Manchuria by the Soviets, the civil war began in earnest. By 1949,
the Nationalists had been defeated and driven to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
(1914, 1920)
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A city on the southern coast of Albania. Philatelically inspired is-
sues were released during the Greek occupation of the port.
Surch. ARQ #2
Surch. ARQ #2
Ovp ARQ #1 Wmk ARQ #1
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚ / 1914 / Periods study on the following stamps

XEIMAPPA
ANCIENT
3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors
Hermes - Mercury Xia Dynasty 2070–1600 BCE
Shang Dynasty 1600–1046 BCE
1914, 24 Aug. Perforation:  Zhou Dynasty 1122–256 BCE
Western Zhou
Technique: Unwmk Eastern Zhou
Spring and Autumn Period
Designer: Warring States Period
Printer: IMPERIAL
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE–206 BCE
Sheet: ** ∘ Han Dynasty 206 BCE–220 CE
Western Han
1. 1 l 35,00 € 35,00 € Xin Dynasty
Eastern Han
3. 3 l 30,00 € 30,00 €
5. 10 l 35,00 € 35,00 € Great wall

1921, 1 Jul. Perforation: 14 ñ
Iris
Technique: Unwmk
1914, 24 Aug. Perforation:  Designer:
Technique: Unwmk Bars on tall
Printer:
Printer: 1. 15 c Bl grn & blk 27,50 € 26,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 2. 30 c Car & blk 27,50 € 26,00 €
2. 2 l 30,00 € 30,00 € 3. 45 c Dull vio & blk 27,50 € 26,00 €
6. 20 l 50,00 € 50,00 € 4. 60 c Dk blue & blk 32,50 € 30,00 €
7. 25 l 110,00 € 110,00 € 5. 90 c Olive grn & blk 45,00 € 42,50 €
Hermes - Mercury Great wall
1914, 24 Aug. Perforation: 1929, 5 Jul. Perforation: 14 ñ


Technique: Unwmk
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Bars on tall
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
6. 15 c Bl grn & blk 3,25 € 0,60 €
4. 5 l 35,00 € 35,00 €
7. 30 c Car & blk 6,75 € 2,25 €
8. 50 l 140,00 € 140,00 €
8. 45 c Dull vio & blk 13,50 € 6,50 €
9. 60 c Dk blue & blk 16,00 € 8,00 €
CHINA, REPUBLIC OF 10. 90 c Olive grn & blk 13,50 € 14,00 €
China (1878-1949)
Stamp-issuing status: (Empire and Republic) inactive; Population: (Empire and Republic)
462,798,093 (1948). An ancient country occupying a large area in eastern Asia, between Turkes-
tan and the China Sea and stretching from Siberia to Indochina. Chinese civilization appeared in
the 3rd millennium B.C., producing one of the earliest sophisticated cultures. China was long divi-
ded into numerous states, within a feudal system. China was unified under the Chin and Han dy-
nasties (255 B.C.-220 A.D.), but again broke into contending states after the fall of the Hans. Unifi-
cation was achieved under the Sui and T'ang dynasties (589-907), but internal division again ap-
peared. In the early 13th century, the Mongols overran China, establishing the Yuan dynasty,
which at its height (circa 1300) ruled China, Turkestan, Korea and Indochina. In 1368, the Ming dy-
nasty expelled the Yuan and inaugurated a period of dynamic growth. In 1644, the Manchu dy -
nasty overthrew the Ming and created a vast and powerful empire. During 1840-1900, China was ARQ # 1-5 ARQ # 6-10
defeated in a series of wars, which secured for the European powers numerous concessions
within the Chinese empire. In 1892, Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded the Regenerate China Society, which The Great Wall of China (Simplified Chinese: 长城; Traditional Chinese: 長城; Pinyin: Chángchéng;
began to foment revolution. In 1911, the empress-dowager was deposed, and a republic proclai- literally "Long wall") or (Simplified Chinese: 万里长城; Traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; Pinyin: Wànlǐ
med. A period of civil war and internal division under local warlords ensued, until Chiang Kai-shek, Chángchéng; literally "The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)"[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifica-
commanding the Nationalist armies, was able to re-establish some unity during the 1920s. In tions in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to
22
protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire during the rule of successive dynasties. Seve-
24. 30 c Red 0,45 € 0,40 €
ral walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China, were built since the 5th century BC, the most fa-
mous being the one built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi a Pair imperf. between 200,00 €
Huang. That wall was much farther north than the current wall, built during the Ming Dynasty, and
little of it remains. 25. 45 c Rose vio (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
The Great Wall is the world's longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400
km (4,000 miles)[2] from Shanhai Pass in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that rough - 26. 50 c Brown 0,45 € 0,40 €
ly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. It is also the largest human-made structure ever
built in terms of surface area and mass. 27. 60 c Dp Blue (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring
and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC. During the Warring States Period 28. 90 c Olive (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
from the 5th century BC to 221 BC, the states of Qi, Yan and Zhao all constructed extensive fortifi -
cations to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords 29. 1 $ Apple grn (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.
Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin 30. 2 $ Brown (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
Dynasty. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he orde-
red the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders. To 31. 5 $ Lake 0,45 € 0,40 €
protect the empire against intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building
of a new wall to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's new northern frontier.
Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders al- Great wall
ways tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges,
while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical re - 1940 - 1941 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
cords indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls. Most of the ancient walls
have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. Later, the Han, Sui, Technique: Unwmk
Northern and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great
cost to defend themselves against northern invaders. Designer:
The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty following the Ming army's de-
feat by the Mongols in the Battle of Tumu in 1449. The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper-hand Printer: Hong Kong
over the Mongols after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the em-
pire. The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the Mongols out by constructing walls along the Sheet: ** ∘
northern border of China. Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the
32. 15 c Gray grn 0,40 € 0,30 €
wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Huang He.
Unlike the earlier Qin fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to 33. 25 c Orange 0,40 € 0,30 €
the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth. As Mongol raids continued periodically over
the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls. Sections 34. 30 c Red 0,40 € 0,30 €
near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strengthened.
Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Man- 35. 45 c Rose vio 0,40 € 0,30 €
chu invasions that began around 1600. Under the military command of Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming
army held off the Manchus at the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from en- 36. 50 c Brown (1940, 3 Dec.) 0,40 € 0,30 €
tering the Liaodong Peninsula and the Chinese heartland. The Manchus were finally able to cross
the Great Wall in 1644, when the gates of Shanhai Pass were opened by Wu Sangui, a corrupt 37. 60 c Dp Blue 0,40 € 0,30 €
Ming border general, after being bribed. The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated the re-
maining Ming resistance, to establish the Qing Dynasty. 38. 90 c Olive 0,40 € 0,30 €
Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls, and Mongolia was annexed into the
empire, so construction and repairs on the Great Wall were discontinued. 39. 1 $ Apple grn 0,55 € 0,55 €
40. 2 $ Brown 1,40 € 1,40 €

Great wall
41. 5 $ Lake 1,10 € 1,10 €
1932, 29 Aug Perforation: 14 ñ
Technique: Unwmk Great wall
Designer: 1946, May. Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ

Printer: Peking Technique:
Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
11. 15 c Gray grn 0,40 € 0,40 € Printer: Surch #1
12. 25 c Orange (1933, 13 May.) 0,40 € 0,40 € Sheet: ** ∘
13. 30 c Red 6,25 € 0,40 € 42. 53 $ On stamp # 11 0,40 € 0,90 €

14. 45 c Brown vio 0,40 € 0,40 € 43. 73 $ On stamp # 12 1.300,00 € 1.300,00 €
15. 50 c Dk brown (1933, 13 May.) 0,40 € 0,40 € 44. 23 $ On stamp # 24 0,50 € 0,35 €
16. 60 c Dk Blue 0,40 € 0,40 € 45. 53 $ On stamp # 22 14,00 € 17,50 €
17. 90 c Olive grn 0,40 € 0,40 € 46. 73 $ On stamp # 23 0,50 € 0,35 €

18. 1 $ Yell grn (1933, 13 May.) 47. 100 $ On stamp # 31 1,00 € 0,50 €
19. 2 $ Brown (1937, 9 Jul.) 1,10 € 0,40 € 48. 200 $ On stamp # 26 0,50 € 0,50 €
20. 5 $ Brown car (1937, 9 Jul.) 2,75 € 3,25 € 49. 23 $ On stamp # 35 0,20 € 0,25 €
a Inv. Surch. 100,00 €
b 23ºº omitted 50,00 €
c Last character (kuo) 60,00 €

omitted
50. 53 $ On stamp # 33 0,20 € 0,25 €

Type of 1932-37, with secret mark Secret Mark, 1940-41 Issue.
Peking print Separated. Hong-Kong print a Pair imperf. between 675,00 €
51. $ On stamp # 34 0,20 € 0,25 €

Great wall
a 525,00 €
1940, 20 Jul. Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
52. $ On stamp # 40 0,20 € 0,20 €
Technique: Wmk 1
53. $ On stamp # 41 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a 80,00 €
Printer: Hong Kong The surcharges on #C41-C52 represent Chinese natl. currency and were applied at
Shanghai.
Sheet: ** ∘
22. 15 c Gray grn 0,45 € 0,40 €
23. 25 c Orange 0,45 € 0,40 €
23
Great wall Great wall
1948, 18 May Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ 1941 - 1942 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ

Technique: Technique:
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Surch #2 Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Sheet: ** ∘
54. 10000 $ On stamp # 24 0,20 € 0,35 € 65. 10 $ On stamp # 32 0,40 € 0,40 €
55. 10000 $ On stamp # 35 0,20 € 0,20 € 66. 20 $ On stamp # 39 0,20 € 0,35 €
56. 20000 $ On stamp # 34 0,20 € 0,20 € 67. 20 $ On stamp # 30 16,00 € 16,00 €
57. 30000 $ On stamp # 38 0,20 € 0,20 € 68. 18 $ On stamp # 38 0,20 € 0,60 €
58. 50000 $ On stamp # 37 0,20 € 0,20 € 69. 25 $ On stamp # 38 0,20 € 0,60 €
59. 50000 $ On stamp # 19 75,00 € 75,00 € 70. 35 $ On stamp # 40 0,20 € 0,60 €
60. 50000 $ On stamp # 39 0,20 € 0,20 € 71. 60 $ On stamp # 70 0,20 € 0,35 €

Japonese issue in Shangai and Nanking
The surcharges were in Japanese currency because all air mail then was carried by
Japanese planes. The translation is:
– “10 (s) Airmail fee for postcards within nation has been paid”
– “20 (s) Airmail fee for letter within nation has been paid”
– “18 and 25 (s) Airmail fee for postcards to Japan has been paid”
– “35 (s) Airmail fee for letter for Japan has been paid””
Tomb of Conficius Great wall

1941 - 1942 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
Portait Confucius' lecture school
Technique:
Confucius – Kong Qiu
Designer:
1947 Perforation: 14  Printer:
Technique: Various Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 72. 150 $ On stamp # 33 0,20 € 0,20 €
Temple of Confucius Printer: 0,20 € 0,20 €
73. 250 $ On stamp # 34
Sheet: ** ∘ 74. 600 $ On stamp # 37 0,20 € 0,20 €
61. 500 $ Carmine rose 0,40 € 0,25 € 75. 1000 $ On stamp # 39 0,20 € 0,20 €
62. 900 $ Yell brown 0,40 € 0,25 € Japonese issue in Shangai and Nanking
Issue as air raid precaution propaganda
63. 1250 $ Blue green 0,40 € 0,25 €
Great wall
64. 1900 $ Blue 0,40 € 0,25 €
Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; Pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K'ung-fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kung,"551 1941 - 1942 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
BCE – 479 BCE) was an esteemed Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and
philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese thought and life. Technique:
His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social rela-
tionships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, Designer:
such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty. Confucius' thoughts have been
developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe Printer:
by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius" .
His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius ( 論語 ), a collection of "brief aphoristic Sheet: ** ∘
fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that
any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius, but for nearly 2,000 years 76. On stamp # 55 6,00 € 6,00 €
he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (edi -
tor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author). a On stamp # 54 500,00 €
Confucianism is often followed in a religious manner by the Chinese, arguments continue over
whether it is a religion. Confucianism lacks an afterlife, its texts express complex and ambivalent 77. On stamp # 56 9,25 € 10,50 €
views concerning deities, and it is relatively unconcerned with some spiritual matters often consi-
dered essential to religious thought, such as the nature of the soul. 78. On stamp # 57 7,25 € 10,50 €
Confucius' principles gained wide acceptance primarily because of their basis in common Chinese
79. On stamp # 58 95,00 € 100,00 €
tradition and belief. He championed strong familial loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by
their children (and, according to later interpreters, of husbands by their wives), and the family as a 11,00 € 15,00 €
80. On stamp # 60
basis for an ideal government. He expressed the well-known principle, "Do not do to others what
you do not want done to yourself" (similar to the Golden Rule). He also looked nostalgically upon Japonese issue in Szechwan province
earlier days, and urged the Chinese, particularly those with political power, to model themselves
on earlier examples. "The superior man seeks for it in himself. The petty man seeks for it in others" Great Wall
Because no texts survive that are demonstrably authored by Confucius, and the ideas associated
with him most closely were elaborated in writings that accrued over the period between his death
and the foundation of the first Chinese empire in 221 BCE, many scholars are very cautious about 1942
attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself.  Used in Sinkiang, Yun-
nan Province
LOCAL AND PROVINCIAL ISSUES
250
ARQ Scott Yvert Michel ** ∘
81 C5 5 145 on ARQ #11 4,25 5,50
82 C6 6 146 on ARQ #17 250,00 225,00
83 C7 7 147 on ARQ #12 10,00 16,00
84 C8 8 148 on ARQ #13 6,25 10,50
85 C9 9 149 on ARQ #18 26,00 30,00
86 C10 10 150 on ARQ #14 6,25 19,00
87 C11 11 151 on ARQ #16 35,00 47,50
88 C12 12 152 on ARQ #19 7,25 11,50
89 C13 13B - on ARQ #22 3,25 4,00
90 C14 14B - on ARQ #23 3,25 4,00
91 C15 14A - on ARQ #34 2,75 2,75
24
92 C16 15A - on ARQ #35 4,00 4,00

Seismoscope. Easter Han Dinasty
93 C17 16A - on ARQ #32 5,50 5,50
94 C18 17A - on ARQ #40 26,00 26,00 1953, 1 Dec. Perforation: 14
95 C19 18A - on ARQ #41 26,00 26,00

Technique: Engr. Unwmk
Great wall
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
1942 Perforation: 12 - 13 Engraver: Liu Gutong
Technique: Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
Designer: Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
Printer: 2. 800 $ Indigo 0,20 € 0,20 €

In 132 AD , Great scientist Zhangheng (Chang Heng) invented the Houfeng Seismoscope, which
Sheet: ** ∘ was fabricated of fined brass with this great scientist 's deft hands. It 's diameter is eight feet and
looks like a wine vessel. It is inscribed with seal characters and the shapes of mountains and turt-
81. On stamp # 11 4,25 € 5,50 €
les ,birds and animals .There is a pillar in the center and eight set of ingenious gears on the pillar.
Decorated vivid eight dragons outside ,each carrying a bronze ball in mouth ,under each dragon ,
82. On stamp # 17 250,00 € 225,00 €
sitting a toad with mouth open correspondingly .Some special ingenious devices ware hidden into
83. On stamp # 12 10,00 € 16,00 € the vessel controlling the teeth of dragons. Once earthquake occurred, the vessel will shake the
dragons and the hidden ingenious devices will make one dragon spit out the ball carried into it's
84. On stamp # 13 6,25 € 10,50 € mouth and the corresponding toad sitting the beneath will receive it immediately .In view of the
sound of the vibration is loud enough to draw attention of the watchers. Because only one dragon
85. On stamp # 18 26,00 € 30,00 € spit out the ball, twist he other seven did not ,so the watch keeper will know the direction and the
location of earthquake immediately .It had been proved very practical. Once , one dragon spit out
86. On stamp # 14 6,25 € 19,00 € ball ,but the persons did not feel the shake of earthquake at that time .So the scholars in the capi-
tal city : Luoyang blamed the Zhangheng and thought it was fraudulent .However , a few days later
87. On stamp # 16 35,00 € 47,50 € ,news came and one earthquake had been taken in Longxi .So all believed in it and appraised it
very marvelous.
88. On stamp # 19 7,25 € 11,50 €
89. On stamp # 22 3,25 € 4,00 € Chu-Yuan, 350-275 B.C. Warring States period
90. On stamp # 23 3,25 € 4,00 € 1953, 30 Dec. Perforation: 14 
91. On stamp # 34 2,75 € 2,75 €
92. On stamp # 35 4,00 € 4,00 €
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe
93. On stamp # 32 5,50 € 5,50 € Engraver: Kong Shaohui & Tang Linshen
94. On stamp # 40 26,00 € 26,00 € Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
95. On stamp # 41 26,00 € 26,00 € Sheet: 9x12=108 ** ∘
Japonese issue in Sinkiang, Yunan province
3. 800 $ Dark green 0,20 € 0,20 €
Pottery 2000 BC. Han Dinasty
CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC 1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14 

China (1949-) Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
Engraver: Jia Binkun
Stamp-issuing status: (People's Republic) active; Population: (People's Republic) 1,210,004,956.
The Chinese People's Republic was closely linked with the Soviet Union during the 1950s, but by Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
the 1960s this relationship had deteriorated. Conflicting nationalisms became identified with ideo-
logical differences, and the two nations each came to regard the other as its principal enemy. U.S. Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
relations with the mainland regime, broken in 1950, became increasingly close after 1972. On Dec.
15, 1978, the United States formally recognized the People's Republic as the sole legal govern- 4. 800 $ Brown 0,50 € 0,20 €
ment of China. Under Mao Zedong, China was thoroughly communized, and all political opposition
suppressed. Ongoing economic miscalculations and brutal attempts to bring about economic
progress based on Maoist principles were unsuccessful. In 1975 Mao died, and by 1978 Deng Xi- Stone Qing 1400 BC. Shang Dinasty
aoping had established himself as "paramount leader." Deng pursued a far more liberal, and far
more successful, policy. While political expression remained tightly controlled, there were no more 1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14 
wholesale purges, and ideology was adapted to market realities. As a result, China has advanced
dramatically, and in the 1990s, its economy has been one of the fastest growing in the world. . Technique: Engr. Unwmk
Compass 3 rd
century B.C. Qin Dinasty Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
Engraver: Gao Pinzhang
1953, 1 Dec. Perforation: 14  Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
Technique: Engr. Unwmk Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan 5. 800 $ Brown 0,50 € 0,20 €
Engraver: Wu Pengyue
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works Guojizi bronze plate 800 BC. Western Zou
Dinasty
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14 
1. 800 $ Indigo 0,65 € 0,20 €
The magnetic compass is an old Chinese invention, probably first made in China during the Qin
dynasty (221-206 B.C.). Chinese fortune tellers used lodestones (a mineral composed of an iron
oxide which aligns itself in a north-south direction) to construct their fortune telling boards.
Eventually someone noticed that the lodestones were better at pointing out real directions, leading
to the first compasses. They designed the compass on a square slab which had markings for the Engraver: Jia Zhiquian
cardinal points and the constellations.
The pointing needle was a lodestone spoon-shaped device, with a handle that would always point Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
south
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
6. 800 $ Prus blue 0,50 € 0,20 €
25
Lacked box and Yushang 300 BC. Warring Unwmk Designer: Shao Bolin / Engravers: Kong Shaohui, Tang
states period Linshen, Gao Pinzhang, Sun Hongnian
1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14  Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 50 ** ∘
ting Works
13. 4 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
14. 4 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Engraver: Tang Linsen
15. 8 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
16. 8 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
17. 10 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
7. 800 $ Dk Carm 0,50 € 0,20 €
18. 10 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Zhangheng (Chang Heng). Warring States pe- 19. 20 f Multicolor 7,50 € 5,00 €
riod
20. 20 f Multicolor 7,50 € 5,00 €
1955, 25 Aug. Perforation: 14 
Technique: Engr. Unwmk Silk painting found in Chagsha
tomb
Designer: Jiang Zhaohe & Sun Chuanzhe
Engraver: Liu Guotong 1979, 29 mar. Perf.: 11 
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works Tech: Photo Unwmk
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘ Designer: Shao Bolin
8. 800 $ Sepia buff. 2,00 € 0,30 € Printer: Beijin People's Printing
a Imperf. Mini sheer 22,50 € 6,75 € Works
Phoenix battling Man ridding dragon
to heaven Sheet: 7x4 ** ∘
monster, praying
woman
21. 8 f Multicolor 0,80 € 0,60 €
22. 60 f Multicolor 3,80 € 2,60 €

The early Han period (early 2nd century BC) tombs of a noble family excavated at Mawangdui are
among the most important archaeological discoveries of the past quarter-century. The astonishing
Salt making House building Duck hunting state of preservation of one of the tombs, including the mummified corpse of the occupant, and
vulnerable materials such as lacquer-painted wood and silk textiles, are only part of the story. The
Murals found near Chengtu. Easter han Di- intact contents of the tomb offers unparalleled insights into burial practices and beliefs in the after-
life for the far southern culture of early imperial China. In addition, the tomb contains manuscript
nasty texts of versions of classic scriptures from early Chinese philosophical schools, shedding impor-
tant light on the development of early Chinese thought. Further, the tombs contained silk funerary
1956, 1 Oct. Perforation: 14  paintings, which offer insights into early imperial period mythologies and cosmological beliefs.
The tombs were discovered in 1972 during construction work at Mawangdui, about 4 km northeast
Technique: Engr. Unwmk of Changsha, and excavation was completed in 1974. The best preserved, and entirely undistur-
bed tomb, was that of the Marquess of Dai, or Xin Zui, buried about 180 BC, whose husband was
Carriage crossing bridge Designer: Sun Chuanzhe a minor nobleman in charge of administering the region of Changsha. Their son’s tomb was ne-
Engraver: Kong Shaohui arby. The tombs were marked only by two earthen mounds above ground; the actual tomb cham-
bers were 16 meters underground, accessed from the north via a sloping passageway. The tomb
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works walls were surrounded by layers of charcoal and pounded clay, which seem to have been instru -
mental in keeping the moisture level constant and preventing the decay of the corpse and other
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘ tomb contents.
Among many other remarkable finds, a painted T-shaped silk funerary banner, a so-called spirit
9. 4 f Gray olive 0,30 € 0,20 € robe, was laid over the innermost coffin. The banner has a cord, which may indicate that it was ca -
rried in a funerary procession before being draped over the coffin. Since silk is a perishable mate -
10. 4 f Slate blue 0,30 € 0,20 € rial, the discovery of a silk painting with well-preserved ink and brilliant color designs near 2,200
years old was a major event, matched by only a very few other painted silks of comparable age.
11. 8 f Gray brown 0,30 € 0,20 €
12. 8 F Sepia 0,30 € 0,20 €
Great Wall in spring In summer In autumn
The Great Wall

Jue of Father Wu Ya Gu Gong of Father Yi Jia
Boat Technique: Photo. Unwmk
Designer: Wan Weiheng
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
In winter
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
23. 8 f Multicolor 1,00 € 0,90 €
24. 8 f Multicolor 1,00 € 0,90 €
25. 8 f Multicolor 1,00 € 0,90 €
Zun Wu Fu You Zun Si Mu Wu Ding 26. 60 F Multicolor 5,75 € 4,75 €
Bronze vessels. Shang dinasty

1964, 24 Aug. Perforation: 11 ½ x 11  Technique: Engr & photo
26
Theme: Great wall

Li Bing, hydraulic engineer (Warring states pe-
City: riod)
Text: 1980, 20 Nov. Perforation: 11 x 11 ½ 
CHN_PR_19790625-1 FDC 5,00 €
Technique: Engr. & Photo Unwmk
Designer: Deng Xiqing
Engraver: Li Qingfa
Theme: Great wall Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
City:
29. 8 f Multicolor 1,75 € 0,85 €
Text:
Li Bing (李冰) was a Qin civil/military official who became a cultural and mythological icon. Cultu-
CHN_PR_19790625-2 2 FDC 3,00 € rally, he is seen as a great civil administrator and water conservancy expert. Mythologically, he is
known as the conqueror of the River God and compared
to the Great Yu.
Li Bing was sent by King Zhaoxiang (306 – 251 BCE), to be a military and civilian governor (shou)
over the defeated state of Shu. The state of Shu was located in Southwest China, in the Sichuan
Province, just west of present day Chengdu. According to the Shi ji, he was appointed as the Go-
vernor of Shu about 277 BCE (Sage, 148 {Shi ji, ch. 116, xi nan yi lie zhuan, p. 2995}) Yet, the
Chang Jue's Huayang-guo zhi (Annals of the Huayang Kingdom {pp 132-141}), written by the Qin,
places him in Shu at 272 BCE. (CHN, Strategic Origins) He arrived as Zhang Ruo had put down
the last of the marquis rebellions and moved out to engage the Chu city of Yan. Conveniently,
Zhang Ruo did not leave any incumbent ministers. Therefore, Li Bing had complete control over
Shu. (Sage, 149) “When he arrived in Shu, Li Bing witnessed the sufferings of local people from
frequent flooding of Minjiang River.” Additionally, the Qin monarchy had been sending its exiles to
this state and the Qin military needed food and infrastructure.
Li Bing then created “the largest, most carefully planned public works project yet seen anywhere
on the eastern half of the Eurasian continent.” It would be called Dujiangyan, Capital River Dam.
(Sage, 149) He conducted an extensive hydraulic survey of the Min River ( Minjiang) in order to
stabilize the waters from flooding settlements and plot out an extension into Chengdu. This exten-
sion would be a fairway to provide logistical military support to the Chengdu supply lines. This is
standard practice for Qin administrators who routinely combine their agricultural projects for both
the civilian and military purposes. The Min River is 735km long and it is the largest and the longest
of the Yangtze (Chang Jiang) tributaries.
Li Bing faced a number of daunting tasks. Firstly, the Qin administration was more experienced
working with arid lands then with wet rice paddies. Additionally, by slowing the water current, this
reduced the river’s ability to carry away large sediments. At peak discharge, the Min flows at about
5000 or even 6000 cubic meters per second. At low water, it lessens to about 500 cubic meters
per second. (On the other hand, the water diversion would have a positive effect and with the Qin
The Great Wall system of land distribution with wet paddy rice in the Chengdu plains.
But that was only half of the problem. The other half had to do with Shu culture. The native Animist
1979, 25 Jun. Perforation: 11 ½ x 11  Technique: people of Shu believed that the Min was a deity. As recorded in the Shi ji, “Ssu-ma Ch’ien relates
the tale that, upon appointment as administrator of Po, a province of Wei, Hsi-men Pao discoura-
ged the superstition of the people about a bride for the god of the river and punished the local
Unwmk Designer: Shao Bolin gentry and bureaucrats who took advantage of such superstitions.” This was the ordinary practice
of Administrators across the region. But, His-men Pao (Pinyin: Ximen Bao) did not succeed. The-
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 1 ** ∘ refore, in order to avert a similar massive revolt, Li Bing set out to end this practice “by a combina -
ting Works tion of tact and showmanship”.
27. 2 $ Multicolor 200,00 €

Great wall
1981, 13 Sep. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼ 
Technique: Photo. Unwmk
Designer: Chen Xiaocun, Jiang Weijie
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
Sheet: ** ∘
30. 8 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 11 ½ x 11 ¼ 0,50 € 0,40 €
b (1982) Phosp paper 0,80 € 0,70 €
The Great Wall

1979, 25 Jun. Perforation: 11 ½ x 11  Technique:
Unwmk Designer: Shao Bolin

Li An Yi Er Jin
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 1 ** ∘
ting Works
28. 2 $ Multicolor 200,00 €
Forged overprints exists
Qi Fa Hua Jie Mo Zhi Fa Hua Cheng bai Gong
Ancient coins
27
1981, 29 Oct. Perforation: 11 ½ x 11  Technique: Engr & photo
Unwmk Designer: Lu Tianjiao / Engravers: Sun Hongnian, Yan Bing-

wu, Li Qingfa, Zhao Shunyi, Hu Zhenyuan, Gao Pinzhang
ting Works
31. 4 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 €
32. 4 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 €
33. 8 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 €
34. 8 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 €
35. 8 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 €
36. 8 f Multicolor 0,45 € 0,30 € Animal-shaped Square wine

Wine container with Round food bowl
wine container container
lid
37. 60 f Multicolor 2,75 € 1,25 €
Bronze (Zhou dinasty)
38. 70 f Multicolor 3,50 € 2,10 €
1982, 25 Dec. Perforation: 11  Technique: Engr & photo
Unwmk Designer: Shao Boin / Engravers: Gao Pinzhang, Sun

Hongnian, Hu Zhenyuan, Yan Binwu, Zhao Shunyi, Li
Qingfa, Jiang Wei
ting Works
47. 4 f Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
48. 4 f Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €

Guilian mask Shu Han Dan
Xia Zuan 49. 8 f Multicolor 0,80 € 0,40 €
50. 8 f Multicolor 0,80 € 0,40 €
51. 8 f Multicolor 0,80 € 0,40 €
52. 10 f Multicolor 1,25 € 0,50 €
53. 20 f Multicolor 2,00 € 0,90 €
54. 70 f Multicolor 9,00 € 4,25 €
Ming Theme: Ancient bronzes

Jin Lua Yi Liu ha
City:
Ancient coins
Text:
1982, 12 Feb. Perforation: 11 ½ x 11  Technique: Engr & photo
CHN_PR_19821225 FDC
Unwmk Designer: Lu Tianjiao / Engravers: Sun Hongnian, Li
Qingfa, Yan Binwu, Zhao Shunyi
ting Works
39. 4 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 €
40. 4 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 €
41. 8 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 €
42. 8 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 € Heads

Warriors Warriors and horses
43. 8 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 €
Terracotta figures, Qin Shi Huang tomb
44. 8 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,45 € (Qin Dinasty)
45. 70 f Multicolor 1,10 € 0,90 € 1983, 30 Jun. Perforation: 11 x 11 ¼ 

46. 80 f Multicolor 2,25 € 2,00 € Technique: Photo. Unwmk
Designer: Wu Jiankun
General view Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
55. 8 f Multicolor 0,55 € 0,35 €
56. 8 f Multicolor 0,55 € 0,35 €
57. 10 f Multicolor 0,90 € 0,55 €
58. 70 F Multicolor 6,00 € 3,75 €
Three-legged pot
Bronze wine Three-legged pot Food bowl
container
28
tect it, with crossbows lined up to shoot anyone who tried to break in.
Sima Qian never mentioned, however, the terracotta army - which was discovered by a team of
well diggers. It is the detail of the terracotta armies that makes it so valuable. The soldiers were
created with a series of mix-and-match clay molds and then further individualized by the artists'
hand.
No two terracotta soldiers are identical. The sculptures represent a standard of art that experts
previously believed was far beyond the craftsmen of the Qin Dynasty. Each man was built with so-
lid legs and a hollow torso. The soldiers were originally armed with bronze spears and bows and
arrows. But soon after the burial there was a revolution in China and the rebels broke into the
vaults to steal the weapons.
All the standing warriors were attached to clay plinths that rested on the tiled floor, which still re-
sembles a modern pavement. The soldiers were arranged in battle formation, with 600 clay horses
and 100 life-sized working wooden chariots.
Chinese archaeologists have been meticulous and patient in their work. The main tomb (located at
34°22′52.75″N, 109°15′13.06″E) containing the emperor has yet to be opened and there is still
hope that it remains intact. It is said that molten copper was used to seal it.
A magnetic scan of the site has revealed that a large number of coins are lying in the unopened
tomb, occasioning speculation that the royal treasury was interred with the emperor. Scans of the
earth atop the tomb have revealed unusually high concentrations of mercury in the shape of Chi -
na's waters, adding further to the credibility of Sima Qian's description.
Jade Tiger (Warring states pe-

riod)
Terracotta figures, Qin Shi Huang tomb (Qin Dinasty)
1986, 17 Sep. Perf: 11 ½ 
1983, 30 Jun. Perf.: 11 x 11 ¼  Technique: Photo
Tech: Photo Unwmk
Unwmk Designer: Wu Jiankun Designer: Liu Shuoren
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 8 ** ∘ Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin-
ting Works ting Works
58a 96 f Multicolor 65,00 € 30,00 € Sheet: 1 ** ∘
60. 2 $ Multicolor 3,25 € 3,25 €

Theme: Terracotta figures, Qin Shi Huang tomb This stamp shows a tiger-shaped tally for dispatching emperor's orders in the period of the Warring
(Qin Dinasty) States and it is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The tallies were also a special pass to the
couriers by which they could get their board and lodging and change their carts and horses at cou -
City: rier stations.
Text:
Bronze bells from Maquis Yi's
CHN_PR_19830630 FDC tomb (Warring states period)
1987, 10 Dec. Perf: Imperf. 
Theme: Qin Shi Huang tomb
(Qin Dinasty) Tech: Offset Unwmk
City: Designer: Pan Keming
Text: Printer: Print technical research ins-
titute of People's Bank of of China
CHN_PR_19830630-1 CONM.
Sheet: 1 ** ∘
Terracotta figures, Qin Shi 61. 3 $ Multi 6,25 €

Huang tomb (Qin Dinasty)
Bronze chime bells were percussion
1983, 30 Jun. P.: 11 x 11 ¼  instruments in ancient China. A set of bronze
chime bells in the tomb of Marquis of Zeng in
Tech: Photo Unwmk the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.) was
unearthed in Suixian County, hubei Province in
Designer: Wu Jiankun 1978. The set contains 64 bells, 19 with knobs
and 45 with handles, the largest of which was
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- 153, 4cm high and weighed 203.6kg. The
whole instrument, including the frame, weighed
ting Works
2500kg. Inscriptions concerning music, in seal
script and with gred inlay, were found on all the
Sheet: 1 ** ∘
bells. Each bell could produce two difference
tones.
59. 2 $ Multicolor 65,00 € 0,60 €

The monarch known now as Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇; Pinyin: Qín Shǐ Huáng; Wade-Giles:
Ch'in Shih-huang) (November / December 260 BCE – September 10, 210 BCE), personal name
Yíng Zhèng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE (officially still under
the Zhou Dynasty), and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BCE to 210 BCE, ruling
under the name the First Emperor (Chinese: 始皇帝 ; Pinyin: Shǐ Huáng Dì; Wade-Giles: Shih
Huang-Tih). As ruler, he was known for the introduction of Legalism and also for unifying China.
Qin Shi Huang remains a controversial figure in Chinese history. Having unified China, he and his
chief adviser Li Si passed a series of major reforms aimed at cementing unification, and they un-
dertook some gigantic projects, most notably the precursor version of the current Great Wall of
China, a city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta army, and a massive national
road system, at the expense of numerous human lives. To ensure stability, he outlawed Confucia- The lecture in the Apricot Temple Conficius riding in an ox cart
nism and buried many of its scholars alive, banning and burning all books other than those offi-
cially decreed. Confucius – Kong Qiu (Zhou Dinasty)
For all the tyranny of his autocratic rule, Qin Shi Huang is still regarded by many today as a pivotal
figure in Chinese history whose unification of China has endured for more than two millennia (with 1989, 28 Sep. Perf.: 11
interruptions).
 Technique: Photo
Qin Shi Huang was buried in his mausoleum, with the famous Terracotta Army, near modern day
Xi'an (Shaanxi province). Unwmk Designer: Chen Quansheng, Sun Aiguo
For 2000 years, a secret army of clay soldiers protected the hidden tomb of China's first emperor,
Qin Shi Huang. Until 1974 none knew of its existence; now Chinese archaeologists are gradually Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 30 ** ∘
unfolding the mystery. ting Works
To guard him in his afterlife the emperor ordered an army of over 8000 life size clay soldiers to be
made. When he died, the burial place was as magnificent and bizarre as even the treasure laden 62. 8 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs.
The site measures some three miles across and took 700,000 conscripts to construct it. Many 63. 1,60 $ Multicolor 0,90 € 0,80 €
wonders of the tomb were described by a Chinese historian, Sima Qian, writing less than a century
after the emperor's death. He wrote of rare jewels, a map of the heavens with stars represented by
pearls, and, on the floor of the tomb, a panorama map of China with the rivers and seas represen-
ted by flowing mercury. The mound itself was said to have been coated with molten copper to pro-
29
Theme: Qin Shi Huang tomb (Qin Dinasty)

Confucius – Kong Qiu (Zhou Di-
nasty) City:
1989, 28 Sep. Perf: Imperf.  Text:

CHN_PR_19900620_1 FDC
Tech: Photo Unwmk
Designer: Chen Quansheng, Sun Ai-
guo
Siandthropus pekinensis – Homo erectus
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp pekinensis
Printing Works
1991, 2 Ago. Perforation: 11 x 11 ½ 
Sheet: 1 ** ∘
64. 3 $ 4,50 € 3,00 €

Technique: Photo. Unwmk
Multi
Designer: Wang Huming
Sheet: 5x8=40 ** ∘
68. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 11 ½ 13,00 € 13,00 €

First studies began at Zhoukoudian in 1921 with an investigation of a number of caves in the li-
mestone there. Otto Zdansky was working for geologist Johan Gunnar Andersson who described
Theme: Homo erectus pekinensis this event in Children of the Yellow Earth. According to Andersson, a local man led him, American
paleontologist Walter Granger and Zdansky to what is today known as the Dragon Bone Hill, a pla-
City: ce full of fossilized bones. The party immediately began an excavation. After Andersson and Gran-
ger left the site three days later, Zdansky found fossil teeth that resembled human molars. He did
Text: not, however, disclose his finds to Andersson and Granger. In 1926, he took them to the Peking
Union Medical College, in Peking, where Canadian anatomist Davidson Black analysed them. He
CHN_PR_19891019 CONMEMORATIVE later published his finds in the journal Nature.
The first specimens of Homo erectus had been found in Java in 1891 by Eugene Dubois, with the
Java Man initially being named Pithecanthropus erectus but later transferred to the genus Homo.
The Rockefeller Foundation agreed to fund the work at Zhoukoudian. By 1929, Chinese archaeo-
logists Yang Zhongjian and Pei Wenzhong, and later Jia Lanpo, had taken over the excavation.
Qin Shi Huang tomb (Qin Di- Over the next seven years, they uncovered fossils of more than 40 specimens including 6 nearly
nasty) complete skullcaps. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Franz Weidenreich were also involved.
Excavation ended in July 1937 when the Japanese occupied Beijing. Fossils of the Peking Man
1990, 20 Jun. P.: 11½ x 11  were placed in the safe at the Cenozoic Laboratory of the Peking Union Medical College. Even -
tually, in November 1941, secretary Hu Chengzi packed up the fossils so they could be sent to
Tech: Photo Unwmk USA for safekeeping until the end of the war. They vanished en route to the port city of Qingh-
uangdao. They were probably in possession of a group of US marines who the Japanese captured
Designer: Wang Huming, Liu Lijun when the war began between Japan and USA.
Various parties have tried to locate the fossils but, so far, without result. In 1972, a US financier
Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Christopher Janus promised a $5,000 (U.S.) reward for the missing skulls; one woman contacted
ting Works him, asking for $500,000 (U.S.) but she later vanished. In July 2005, the Chinese government
founded a committee to find the bones to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the end of World
Sheet: 50 ** ∘ War II.
There are also various theories of what might have happened, including a theory that the bones
65. 8 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € had sunk with a Japanese ship Awa Maru in 1945.
Excavations at Zhoukoudian resumed after the war, and parts of another skull were found in 1966.
66. 50 f Multicolor 0,40 € 0,30 € To date a number of other partial fossil remains have been found. The Peking Man Site at Zhou-
koudian was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1987.[1]
Because all the pre-war findings at Zhoukoudian were lost during transit to the USA, subsequent
researchers have had to rely on casts and existing writings from the original discoverers.
Contiguous findings of animal remains and evidence of fire and tool usage, as well as the manu-
facturing of tools, were used to support H. erectus being the first "faber" or tool-worker. The analy-
sis of the remains of "Peking Man" led to the claim that the Zhoukoudian and Java fossils were
examples of the same broad stage of human evolution. This is also the official view of the Chinese
Communist Party.
This interpretation was challenged in 1985 by Lewis Binford, who claimed that the Peking Man
was a scavenger, not a hunter. The 1998 team of Steve Weiner of the Weizmann Institute of
Science concluded that they had not found evidence that the Peking Man had used fire.
Lacked ware, bowl. Neolithic Hemudu?

Technique: Offset. Unwmk
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
Qin Shi Huang tomb (Qin Dinasty)
69. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
1990, 20 Jun. Perf.: 11 ½ x 11  Technique: Photo
Lacked ware, duck. Warring states period
Unwmk Designer: Wang Huming, Liu Lijun
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 1 ** ∘
ting Works Technique: Offset. Unwmk
67. 5 $ Multicolor 6,00 € 4,00 €
Theme: Qin Shi Huang tomb (Qin Dinasty)
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
City:
70. 30 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Text:
CHN_PR_19900620 FDC
30
Unwmk Designer: Yang Wenqing, Li Defu

ting Works
79. 10 f Apple & black 0,20 € 0,20 €
80. 300 f Olive & black 0,75 € 0,75 €
81. 420 f Brn org & black 1,00 € 1,00 €
82. 500 f Bl Black & brown 1,25 € 1,25 €
Hushan section Shanhaiguan Pass Jinshanling section Mutianyu section
Theme: Ruins of Liulihe Pre-stamp: Bronze pot

PS_01 15 f Multicolor 1,50 € 0,20 €
Pingxinguan Pass Desheng Pass Zhenbei tower

Yanmen Pass
The Great wall

1999, 1 Mar. Perf.: 13  Technique: Photo

Junshanling Shanhaiguan pass Laolongtou
The Great wall ting Works
1995, 5 Oct. Perf.: 11  Technique: Photo 83. 5 f bl, blk & bl grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
84. 20 f vio & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €

85. 40 f pink & blk 0,20 € 0,20 €
ting Works 86. 80 f grn, blk & ol 0,20 € 0,20 €
71. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € 87. 270 f grn, blk & brn 0,65 € 0,65 €
72. 230 f Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 € 88. 320 f vio, blk & bwn 0,75 € 0,75 €
73. 290 f Multicolor 0,80 € 0,80 € 89. 440 f red brn, blk &brn 1,10 € 1,10 €
90. 540 f blue & black 1,25 € 1,25 €
* Gubeiku Badaling gate Joyong

Huangya gate
Great wall
1997, 1 Apr (*) – 1 Sept. Perf.: 13 
Huma section Sanguankuo pass Jiayuguan pass
Technique: Photo Unwmk
Great wall
Designer: Yang Wenqing, Li Defu
Zjing 1999, 1 May Perf.: 11 ½ / #91: 13 
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
74. 30 f Yell & black 0,20 € 0,20 € Designer: Yang Wenqing, Li Defu
Huanghua Tower
75. 50 f Yell & black 0,20 € 0,20 € #91 Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
Verm. & black 0,25 € 0,25 € Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘

76. 100 f
77. 150 f Green & black 0,40 € 0,50 € 91. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
78. 200 f Red & black 0,50 € 0,50 € 92. 10 $ Multicolor 2,50 € 2,50 €
93. 20 $ Multicolor 5,25 € 5,25 €
94. 50 $ Multicolor 13,00 € 13,00 €
Jiumenko Pass Niagziguan Pass Pianguan Pass Bianjing Tower
The Great wall

1998, 1 Nov. Perf.: 13  Technique: Photo
31
Agricultural tool Pile to support building Paddles for boats
Hemudu neolithic culture

1996, 12 May Perforation: 12 
Sun Tzu Discussing strategy
Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Capturing Yin Battle of Ailing
Designer: Ren Yu; Dong Zuyi; Hu Xueyong
Sun Tzu (Sunzi), the art of war (Spring and au- Bird and sun carved in
tumn period) wood Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
1995, 4 Dec. Perf.: 12 Sheet: 40 ** ∘


101. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Technique: Ofset Unwmk
102. 50 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer: Chen Quansheng
103. 100 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
104. 230 f Multicolor 0,50 € 0,50 €
Sheet: 32 ** ∘
The Hemudu culture (河姆渡文化) (5000 BC to 4500 BC[1]) was a Neolithic culture that flourished
just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao, Zhejiang, China. The site at Hemu-
Meeting of sover- du was discovered in 1973. Hemudu sites were also discovered on the islands of Zhoushan.
eigns, Huangchi The Hemudu culture co-existed with the Majiabang culture as two separate and distinct cultures,
with cultural transmissions between the two. Two major floods caused the nearby Yaojiang River to
Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € change its course and inundated the soil with salt, forcing the people of Hemudu to abandon its
95. 20 f
settlements. The Hemudu people lived in long, stilt houses.
96. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € The Hemudu culture is one of the earliest cultures to cultivate rice. Most of the artifacts discovered
at Hemudu consist of animal bones, exemplified by hoes made of shoulder bones used for cultiva-
97. 30 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € ting rice.
The culture also produced lacquer wood. The remains of various plants, including water caltrop,
98. 50 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Nelumbo nucifera, acorns, beans, Gorgon euryale and bottle gourd, were found at Hemudu. The
Hemudu people likely domesticated pigs, water buffalo and dogs. The people at Hemudu also
99. 100 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € fished and hunted, as evidence by the remains of bone harpoons and bows and arrowheads. Mu-
sic instruments, such as bone whistles and wooden drums, were also found at Hemudu.
Sun Tzu (Chinese: 孫子; Pinyin: Sūn Zǐ; c. 544 BC – 496 BC) was the author of The Art of War, an
The culture produced a thick, porous pottery. The distinct pottery was typically black and made
immensely influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy. He is also one of the earliest rea-
with charcoal powder. Plant and geometric designs were commonly painted onto the pottery; the
lists in international relations theory.
pottery was sometimes also cord-marked. The culture also produced carved jade ornaments, car-
The name Sun Tzu ("Master Sun") is an honorific title bestowed upon Sun Wu (孫武; Sūn Wǔ), the
ved ivory artifacts and small, clay figurines.
author's name. The character wu, meaning "military", is the same as the character in wu shu, or
Fossilized amoeboids and pollen suggests Hemudu culture emerged and developed in the middle
martial art. Sun Wu also has a courtesy name, Chang Qing (長卿; Cháng Qīng).
of the Holocene Climatic Optimum. A study of a sea-level highstand in the Ningshao Plain from
The only surviving source on the life of Sun Tzu is the biography written in the 2nd century BC by
7000 – 5000BP shows that there may have been stabilized lower sea levels at this time followed
the historian Sima Qian, who describes him as a general who lived in the state of Wu in the 6th
by, from 5000 to 3900 BP, frequent flooding.
century BC, and therefore a contemporary of one of the great Chinese thinkers of ancient times—
Confucius. According to tradition, Sun Tzu was a member of the shi. The shi were landless Chine-
se aristocrats who were descendants of nobility who lost their dukedoms during the territorial con-
solidation of the Spring and Autumn Period. Unlike most shi, who were traveling academics, Sun Ancient archives
Tzu worked as a mercenary (similar to a modern military consultant). According to tradition, King
Helü of Wu hired Sun Tzu as a general approximately 512 BC after finishing his military treatise, 1996, 2 Sep. P.: 12 
the Sun Tzu (named after the author as was common in China prior to the Qin era). After his hi-
ring, the kingdom of Wu, previously considered a semi-barbaric state, went on to become the most Tech: Offset Unwmk
powerful state of the period by conquering Chu, one of the most powerful states in the Spring and
Autumn Period. Sun Tzu, always wanting a peaceful and quiet life, suddenly disappeared when Designer: Wang Huming
King Helu finally conquered Chu. Therefore his date of death remained unknown.
In Chinese Sun Tzu (the original book title) is now commonly called Sunzi bingfa (also translitera- Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin-
ted as Sun-tzu ping fa or Sun-tse ping fa). Sunzi is a modern transliteration of Sun Tzu. Bing Fa ting Works
can be translated as "principal for using forces", "military methods", "army procedures", or "martial
arts". Around 298 B.C., the historian Zhuang Zi, writing in the state of Zhao, recorded that Sun Sheet: 50 ** ∘
On tortoise shells. On wood. Han
Tzu’s theory had been incorporated into the martial arts techniques of both offense and defense
Shang dinasty dinasty
and of both armed and unarmed combat. His Bing Fa was the philosophical basis of what we now
know as the Asian martial arts.
In 1972 a set of bamboo engraved texts were discovered in a grave near Linyi in Shandong. The- 105. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
se have helped to confirm parts of the text which were already known and have also added new
sections. This version has been dated to between 134–118 BC, and so rules out older theories 106. 20 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
that parts of the text had been written much later. As one of the four ancient civilizations, China set up a system of archives collection, management
Sun Bin, also known as Sun the Mutilated, allegedly a crippled descendant of Sun Tzu, also wrote and utility as early as in Shang Dynasty (17th century BC- 11th century BC). The massive excava-
a text known as the Art of War. A more accurate title might be the Art of Warfare since this was tion of Yinxu Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province form late 19th century to 1970s showed that offi-
more directly concerned with the practical matters of warfare, rather than military strategy. At least cials were appointed to manage tortoise shells with languages in Shang Dynasty, and they beca-
one translator has used the title The Lost Art of War, referring to the long period of time during me an important part of the massive bureaucratic system. In the Qin and Han dynasties, China
which Sun Bin's book was lost. There is, however, no commonality between the content or writing saw the establishment of a complete archives management system, centering on the central go-
style in Sun Bin and Sun Tzu. vernments and involving central and local affairs, including the emperors' routine lives, files, hou-
The Art of War has been one of the most popular combat collections in history. Ancient Chinese sehold registrations and land archives.
long viewed this book as one of the entrance test materials, and it is one of the most important co -
llections of books in the Chinese literature.
Great wall - Jinshan

1996, 6 May. Perforation: 12 
Human face Hunting Ox
Designer: Tian Liming
Carvings in Helan mountains
1998, 23 Sep. Perf.: 12  Technique: Offset
Sheet: 20 ** ∘
100. 100 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 € Unwmk Designer: Yan Bingwu; Guo Chenghui
Joint Issue with San Marino
ting Works
107. 50 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
32
108. 100 f Multicolor 0,25 € 0,25 €

Dragon-shaped ornament. Warring states pe-
109. 150 f Multicolor 0,35 € 0,35 € riod
Helan Mountain, located in the northwestern part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, ranges
more than 250 kilometres. The grand and precipitous mountain has been inhabited by various na- 2000, 7 Mar. Perf.: 12 
tionalities-Xirong, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Chile, Tujue, Huihu, Dangxiang and Mongolian-in northern
China since the ancient times. The ancient people who lived and worded there also carved their li- Technique: Offset Unwmk
ves and dreams on rock paintings. The rock paintings in Helan Mountain are the works done by
different nationalities of different times, as early as in the Shang and the Zhou dynasties and as Designer: Wang Huming
late as the Xixia and the Yuan dynasties. These rock paintings have various themes which include:
nomadic life, sacrifice to gods, animals and human images as well as knives, axes, stone chains, Printer: Henan Post and Telecommunication Printing
traps and carts. The paintings involve a rich variety of themes such as astronomy, human activities Works
and geography. What are especially eye-catching are those on myths and legends and genital
worship. Sheet: 50 ** ∘
117. 80 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Carved tile with dragon

2000, 7 Mar. Perf.: 12 
Plowing fields with oxen Group weaving Dancing in front fire Designer: Wang Huming
Printer: Henan Post and Telecommunication Printing
Works
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
118. 80 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Goddess Chang'e Horse milk pot, and rock art

Horses, carriage Assesination atempt
2000, 28 Jun. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Stone carvings Han dinasty
1999, 1 May. Perf.: 12  Technique: Offset Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Unwmk Designer: Hu Zhenyuan
ting Works Sheet: 20 ** ∘
110. 50 f Dark green & black 0,20 € 0,20 € 119. 80 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Joint issue with Kazhkastan
111. 50 f brown & black 0,20 € 0,20 €
112. 50 f Dk blue & black 0,20 € 0,20 € Confucius (Zhou dinasty)
113. 150 f Dk brown & black 0,35 € 0,35 € 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ 
114. 150 f Brn olive & black 0,35 € 0,35 € Technique: Engraved Unwmk
115. 150 f Dk purplr & black 0,35 € 0,35 € Designer: Yuan Xikun
Stone Carvings of Han Dynasty were the decorative paintings for clan halls and tombs in China's
Han Dynasty. The carvings were first seen in the Western Han Dynasty and booming in the Eas- Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
tern Han Dynasty and booming in the Eastern Han Dynasty. They were mostly found in Shandong,
Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces which were economically and culturally and culturally de- Sheet: 20 ** ∘
veloped. The carvings featured historical figures, legends production and social life at the time.
Characterized by its bold and rough technique and vivid and simple modelling, these works not 120. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
only truly recorded the various aspects of Han society but also were of very high artistic value,
which yielded profound influence to the sculpture art later
Mencius – Meng Ko (Zhou dinasty)
Jade dragon 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ 
2000, 7 Mar. Perf.: 12  Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Technique: Offset Unwmk Designer: Yuan Xikun
Designer: Wang Huming Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
Printer: Henan Post and Telecommunication Printing Sheet: 20 ** ∘
Works
121. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Mencius (Romanization; 孟子, pinyin: Mèng Zǐ; Wade-Giles: Meng Tzu; most accepted dates: 372
116. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € – 289 BCE; other possible dates: 385 – 303/302 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher who was ar -
guably the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.
More than 20 cirrus-shaped jade articles have been unearthed at the site of Hongshan Culture, Mencius' interpretation of Confucianism has generally been considered the orthodox version by
and each of them represents two fundamental themes-cirrus-shaped angles and minor convexi- subsequent Chinese philosophers, especially the Neo-Confucians of the Song dynasty. The Men-
ties. Combination of cirrus-shaped angles and minor convexities in different ways constitute the cius (also spelled Mengzi or Meng-tzu), a book of his conversations with kings of the time, is one
various patterns and designs of the cirrus-shaped jade articles of Hongshan Culture, which is best of the Four Books that Zhu Xi grouped as the core of orthodox Neo-Confucian thought. In contrast
demonstrated by the enormous blackish green jade dragon unearthed at Sanxingtala in 1971. The to the sayings of Confucius which are short and self-contained, the Mencius consists of long dialo-
dragon is 26 cm in height with the head of a swine and the body of a serpent, coiling like cirrus. the gues, including arguments, with extensive prose.
jade dragon of Sanxingtala is by far the earliest Chinese traditional dragon-shaped jade article
ever found.
Similar dragons were found later in Balin Right Banner and the Antiques Store of Liaoning Provin- Lao Zi (Warring states period)
ce. These cirrus-shaped jade articles can be classified into four types by analyzing their patterns
and designs: decorative articles, tools, animals and special ones, of which the hoop-shaped arti- 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ 
cles are among the typical pieces of the jade ware of Hongshan Culture. The association of the
shapes of these jade articles with their cultural context indicates that the special articles and the Technique: Engraved Unwmk
tools were made to meet the needs of religious ceremonies.
Designer: Yuan Xikun
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
Sheet: 20 ** ∘
33
Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € that studied both Mozi's philosophical and technical writings.
122. 80 f
His pacifism led Mozi to travel from one crisis zone to another through the ravaged landscape of
Laozi (Chinese: 老子; Pinyin: Lǎozǐ; Wade-Giles: Lao tzu; also Lao Tse, Laotze, Lao Zi, and other the Warring States, trying to dissuade rulers from their plans of conquest. According to the chapter
variations) was a philosopher of ancient China and an important figure in Taoism (also called Da - "Gongshu" in Mozi, he once walked for ten days to the state of Chu in order to forestall an attack
oism). Laozi literally means "Old Master" and is generally considered an honorific. According to on the state of Song. At the Chu court, Mozi engaged in simulated war games with Gongshu Ban,
Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC. Many historians contend that Laozi actually li- the chief military strategist of Chu, and overturned each one of his stratagems. When Gongshu
ved in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Ban threatened him with death, Mozi informed the king that his disciples had already trained the
Period, while others claim he is not a historical figure. Laozi was credited with writing the central soldiers of Song on his fortification methods, so it would be useless to kill him. The Chu king was
Taoist work the Daodejing (also called the Tao Te Ching), which was originally known simply by his forced to call off the war. On the way back, however, the soldiers of Song, not recognizing him,
name. Taishang Laojun is a title for Laozi in the Taoist religion, which refers to him as "One of the would not allow Mozi to enter their city, and he had to spend a night freezing in the rain.
Three Pure Ones". Though Mozi's school faded into obscurity after the Warring States period, he was studied again
There are many popular accounts of Laozi's life, though facts and myths are impossible to separa- two millennia after his death: Both the Republican revolutionaries of 1911 and the Communists
te regarding him. He is traditionally regarded as an older contemporary of Confucius, but modern saw in him a surprisingly modern thinker who was stifled early in Chinese history.
scholarship places him centuries later or questions if he ever existed as an individual. Laozi is re- In contrast to those of Confucius, Mozi's moral teachings emphasized self-reflection and authenti-
garded as the author of the Dao De Jing, though it has been debated throughout history whether city rather than obedience to ritual. He observed that we often learn about the world through ad -
he authored it. versity ("Embracing Scholars" in Mozi). By reflecting on one's own successes and failures, one at-
In legends, he was conceived when his mother gazed upon a falling star. It is said that he stayed tains true self-knowledge rather than mere conformity with ritual. ("Refining Self" in Mozi) Mozi
in the womb and matured for sixty-two years. He was born when his mother leaned against a plum exhorted the gentleman to lead a life of asceticism and self-restraint, renouncing both material and
tree. He emerged a grown man with a full grey beard and long earlobes, which are a sign of wis- spiritual extravagance.
dom and long life. Like Confucius, Mozi idealized the Xia Dynasty and the ancients of Chinese mythology, but he cri-
According to popular biographies, he worked as the Keeper of the Archives for the royal court of ticized the Confucian belief that modern life should be patterned on the ways of the ancients. After
Chou. This allowed him broad access to the works of the Yellow Emperor and other classics of the all, he pointed out, what we think of as "ancient" was actually innovative in its time, and thus sh-
time. Laozi never opened a formal school. Nonetheless, he attracted a large number of students ould not be used to hinder present-day innovation ("Against Confucianism, Part 3" in the Mozi).
and loyal disciples. There are numerous variations of a story depicting Confucius consulting Laozi Though Mozi did not believe that history necessarily progresses, as did Han Fei Zi, he shared the
about rituals. latter's critique of fate (Ming). Mozi believed that people were capable of changing their circums-
Laozi is said to have married and had a son named Tsung, who was a celebrated soldier. A large tances and directing their own lives. They could do this by applying their senses to observing the
number of people trace their lineage back to Laozi, as the T'ang Dynasty did. Many, or all, of the li- world, judging objects and events by their causes, their function, and their historical basis.
neages may be inaccurate. However, they are a testament to the impact of Laozi on Chinese cul- ("Against Fate, Part 3") This was the "three-prong method" Mozi recommended for testing the truth
ture. or falsehood of statements. His students later expanded on this to form the School of Logic.
Traditional accounts state that Laozi grew weary of the moral decay of the city and noted the king- Mozi tended to evaluate actions based on "benefit" (li) instead of the "humanity" (ren) advocated
dom's decline. At the age of 160, he ventured west to live as a hermit in the unsettled frontier. At by the Confucians. Similar to the Western utilitarians, Mozi thought that actions should be measu-
the western gate of the city, or kingdom, he was recognized by a guard. The sentry asked the old red by the way they contribute to the "greatest good of the greatest number". With this criterion
master to produce a record of his wisdom. The resulting book is said to be the Tao Te Ching. In Mozi denounced things as diverse as offensive warfare, expensive funerals, and even music and
some versions of the tale, the sentry is so touched by the work that he leaves with Laozi to never dancing, all of which he saw as serving no useful purpose. Mozi also tried to replace long-entren-
be seen again. Some legends elaborate further that the "Old Master" was the teacher of the ched Chinese family and clan structures with the concept of bo-ai which can be translated as "im-
Buddha, or the Buddha himself partial caring" or "universal love". In this, he argued directly against Confucians who had argued
that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi,
by contrast, argued that one should care for all people equally, a notion that philosophers in other
Zhuang Zi (Warring states period)
schools found absurd, as it would imply no special amount of care or duty towards one's parents
and family. Specifically, in the first chapter of the writings of Mozi on universal love, Mozi argues
2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½  that the best way of being filial to one’s parents is to be filial to the parents of others. The founda -
tional principle is that benevolence, as well as malevolence, is requited, and that one will be trea-
Technique: Engraved Unwmk ted by others as one treats others. One’s parents will be treated by others, as one treats the pa-
rents of others. Mozi argued that benevolence comes to human beings “as naturally as fire turns
Designer: Yuan Xikun upward or water turns downward”, provided that persons in position of authority illustrate benevo-
lence in their own lives. Mozi’s basic argument concerning universal love asserts that universal
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House love is supremely practical against those who object that it sounds good but cannot be put into
practice.
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ Mozi also held a belief in the power of ghosts and spirits, although he is often thought to have only
worshipped them pragmatically. That is, he thought that heaven, tian, should be respected becau-
123. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € se failing to do so would subject one to punishment. For Mozi, "tian" was not the amoral, mystical
Nature of the Taoists. Rather, it was a benevolent, moral force that rewarded the good and pu-
Zhuangzi (Traditional: 莊子 ; Simplified: 庄子 , Pinyin: Zhuāng Zǐ, Wade-Giles: Chuang Tzŭ, lit.
nished the evil, similar to the Christian idea of God. Thus he writes that "Bo-ai is the way of hea-
"Master Zhuang") was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE
ven (tian)", since "heaven nourishes and sustains all life without regard to status". ("Laws and Cus-
during the Warring States Period, corresponding to the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical
toms" in Mozi) Mozi's ideal of government, which advocated a meritocracy based on talent rather
summit of Chinese thought. His name is sometimes spelled Chuang Tsu, Chuang Tzu, Zhuang
than background, also followed his idea of "tian".
Tze, Chouang-Dsi, or Chuang Tse.
Zhuangzi allegedly lived during the reign of King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi, in the span
from 370 to 301 BCE. Zhuangzi was from the Town of Meng (蒙城, Méng Chéng) in the State of Xuan Zi (Warring states period)
Song (now Shāngqiū 商邱, Henan). His given name was Zhou (周, Zhōu). He was also known as
Meng Official, Meng Zhuang, and Meng Elder ( 蒙吏 , Méng Lì; 蒙莊 , Méng Zhuāng, and 蒙叟 , 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ 
Méng sǒu, respectively).
The Taoist book Zhuangzi (莊子) was named after its purported author. Since 742 CE, when Em- Technique: Engraved Unwmk
peror Xuanzong of Tang mandated honorific titles for Taoist texts, it has also been known as the
Nán huá zhēn jīng (南華眞經), literally meaning "True Classic of Southern (Cultural) Florescence," Designer: Yuan Xikun
alluding to the tradition that Zhuangzi came from South China.
The text is a composite of writings from various sources. The traditional view is that Zhuangzi him - Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
self wrote the first seven chapters (the "inner chapters") and his students and related thinkers were
responsible for the other parts (the "outer" and "miscellaneous" chapters). Strong proof of direct Sheet: 20 ** ∘
authorship by Zhuangzi of any of the text is difficult. The recension by Guo Xiang (circa 300 CE) is
the basis for practically all extant editions of the Zhuangzi. 125. 2,80 $ Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
The inner chapters have great grammatical and conceptual coherence and are believed to have
been primarily written by one hand, even if not by Zhuangzi himself. Zhuangzi has been categori- Xun Zi (Traditional Chinese: 荀子; Simplified Chinese: 荀子; Hanyu Pinyin: Xún Zǐ; Wade-Giles:
zed as a "Taoist" by the Chinese tradition, but especially in the inner chapters, he stands out from Hsün Tzu, ca. 310–238 BCE) was a Chinese Confucian philosopher who lived during the Warring
the rest. States Period and contributed to one of the Hundred Schools of Thought. Xún Zǐ believed man is
innately evil or corrupt, counter to Mencius, and that ethical norms had been invented to rectify
mankind.
Mo Zi (Warring states period) Educated in the state of Qi, Xun Zi was associated with the Confucian school, but his philosophy
has a more pragmatic flavour compared to Confucian optimism; some scholars attribute it to the
2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½  divisive times
Unlike the aphoristic style of the Analects and Mencius, Xun Zi wrote elaborately argued essays,
Technique: Engraved Unwmk which were collected into the book called Xunzi (we use a single word spelling to indicate the
book). These essays are often critical of competing schools, such as Daoism and Mohism, as well
Designer: Yuan Xikun as rival schools within Confucianism. Some of the more significant chapters are[2]:
• "Discussion of heaven (tian)" rejects the Mencian notion that heaven has a moral will.
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House Instead, Xun Zi asserts that heaven is simply the natural world; thus people should
focus on the human, social realm, rather than dealing with heavenly ideas.
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ • "Discussion of Ritual Propriety (li)," discusses rules of individual and social conduct
(decorum).
124. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € • "Dispelling Obsessions," being too focused on only one aspect of a situation, one of-
ten loses sight of the larger purpose.
Mozi (Chinese: 墨子 ; Pinyin: Mòzǐ; Wade-Giles: Mo Tzu, Lat. as Micius, ca. 470 BCE–ca. 390
• "Proper Use of Terms" (Zhengming): A name becomes proper for a situation through
BCE), was a philosopher who lived in China during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early
conventional usage, but once this is fixed, it is improper to deviate from these norms.
Warring States Period). He founded the school of Mohism and argued strongly against Confucia-
Thus he adopts a conventional view for the origin of the sound-to-meaning mapping,
nism and Taoism. During the Warring States Period, Mohism was actively developed and practiced
although the objects signified by the term remain real.
in many states, but fell out of favour when the legalist Qin Dynasty came to power. During that pe-
riod many Mohist classics were ruined when Qin Shihuang carried out the burning of books and • The term Zhengming often appears in the English literature as "The
burying of scholars. The importance of Mohism further declined when Confucianism became the Rectification of Names". This is a misleading transmission of the Chine-
dominant school of thought during the Han Dynasty, disappearing by the middle of the Western se meaning; because, in Chinese, the term is equivocal. Due to the na-
Han Dynasty. ture of the Chinese language, Chinese compound words (such as
Most historians believe that Mozi was a member of the lower artisan class who managed to climb Zhengming) can function equally well as nouns or verbs (when exami-
his way to an official post. He was a master engineer and craftsman, designing everything from ned from and English point of view). And, moroever, given that the
mechanical birds to wheeled, mobile "cloud ladders" used to besiege city walls (see Lu Ban). Th- constituent morphemes Zheng and Ming have a citation meaning of
ough he did not hold a high official position, Mozi was sought out by various rulers as an expert on "correct" and "name" respectively, the Zheng aspect of the compound
fortification, and managed to attract a large following during his lifetime which rivaled that of Confu- "Zheng-Ming" can either be functioning as a "stative verb" (meaning
cius. His followers – mostly technicians and craftspeople – were organized in a disciplined order that it functions more or less as an English "adjective"), or as a "causati-
34
ve verb" (in the sense that "to kill", when contrasted with "to die", can be
understood as "to cause to be dead"); as follows:
Mask of Sanxingdui
• Providing the implication that the name that is used to label the actual
state of affairs of the world has been adjusted so that a (previously
inappropriate) name/label has now been changed (and, thus, "correc-
ted" or "rectified") so that it now matches that state of affairs; or
• Provide the implication that the prevailing state of affairs of the world Technique: Engraved Unwmk
has been so adjusted that it has been "corrected" or "rectified" such that
it now matches the citation meaning of the designated name/label. Designer: Wang Huming
• "Human Dispositions are Detestable" (xing e): Rejects Mencius' claim
that people have a natural inclination toward goodness. Confucius, who Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
simply said that people are similar by nature, was not clear on the mat-
ter. Xun Zi holds that man is naturally inclined towards selfishness and Sheet: 18 ** ∘
evil, and that if these inclinations are not curbed, human societies would
devolve into anarchy. He views morality as a social construct, emphasi- 129. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €
zing the difference between nature and nurture. Sanxingdui (Chinese: 三星堆; Pinyin: Sānxīngduī; literally "Three star mound") (also seen locally
This last view engendered considerable debate over two centuries. spelled as Xanxingdui in Sichuan) is an ancient Chinese city where archaeologists discovered re-
His disciples Li Si (prime minister to the first Qin emperor) and the Han state royal Han Feizi deve- markable artifacts that radiocarbon dated circa 12th-11th centuries BCE, and Sanxingdui is the
loped the quasi-authoritarian aspects of his thought into the doctrine called the School of Law, or name given to this previously unknown Bronze Age culture. The museum is located near the city
Legalism. While Xun Zi was influential during Han times, his influence waned compared to Men- Guanghan, China.
cius during the Tang dynasty In 1929, a farmer unearthed a large stash of jade relics while digging a well, many of which found
their way through the years into the hands of private collectors. Generations of Chinese archaeolo-
gists searched the area without success until 1986, when workers accidentally found sacrificial pits
Theme: Homo erestus pekinensis containing thousands of gold, bronze, jade, and pottery artifacts that had been broken (perhaps ri-
tually disfigured), burned, and carefully buried. Researchers were astonished to find an artistic sty-
City: le that was completely unknown in the history of Chinese art, whose baseline had been the history
and artifacts of the Yellow River civilization(s).
Text: This ancient culture had remarkably advanced bronze casting technology which was acquired by
adding lead to the usual combination of copper and tin creating a stronger substance that could
CHN_PR_20001225 CONMEMORATIVE
create substantially larger and heavier objects; for instance, the world's oldest life-size standing
human statue (260 cm. high, 180 kilograms), and a bronze tree with birds, flowers, and ornaments
(396 cm.), which some have identified as renderings of the fusang tree of Chinese mythology. The
most striking finds were large bronze masks and bronze heads (some with gold foil masks) repre-
Jingshu bell (Western Zhou dinasty) sented with angular human features and exaggerated oblique eyes, some with protruding eye pu-
pils and large upper ears. Based upon the design of these heads, archaeologists believe they
2000, 31 Dec. Perf.: 12  were mounted on wooden supports or totems, perhaps dressed in clothing. Other bronze artifacts
include birds with eagle-like bills, tigers, a large snake, zoomorphic masks, bells, and what appe-
ars to be a bronze spoked wheel but is more likely to be decoration from an ancient shield. Apart
Technique: Engraved Unwmk from bronze, Sanxingdui finds included jade artifacts consistent with earlier Chinese neolithic cul-
tures, such as cong and zhang.
Designer: Huang Li and Guo Chenghui The Sanxingdui Culture was a mysterious civilization in southern China, which was in the kingdom
of Shu during the period of the Shang Dynasty. Although they developed a different method of
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House bronze-making from the Shang, their culture was never recorded by Chinese historians. Sanxing-
dui culture is thought to be divided into several phases. The first one may have been independent,
Sheet: 40 ** ∘
while the later phases merged with Ba, Chu, and other cultures.
Besides Sanxingdui, other archeological discoveries in Sichuan, including the Baodun and Jinsha
126. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €
cultures, all indicate that civilizations in southern China go back at least 5,000 years. Such eviden-
ce of independent cultures in different regions of China defies the traditional theory that the Yellow
River was the sole "cradle of Chinese civilization."
Su chime bell (Spring and Autumn period)
2000, 31 Dec. Perf.: 12  Funeral mask of Tutankhamen
Designer: Huang Li and Guo Chenghui Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House Designer: Saeid El-Badrawy
Sheet: 40 ** ∘ Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
127. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 € Sheet: 18 ** ∘
130. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €

Earth esre vase (Neolithic Majiayo) # 129-130, joint Issue with Egipt
2001, 12 Jun. Perf.: 11 ½ 
Technique: Engraved
Designer: Ren Guoen
Unwmk
CHIOS
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
Sheet: ** ∘ (1913)
128. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €

Stamp-issuing status: inactive. An island in the Aegean Sea, Chios was captured by Greece from
The Majiayao culture (馬家窯文化) is a name given by archaeologists to a group of Neolithic com- Turkey in 1912. In 1913, an overprinted Greek stamp was issued. Stamps of Greece have since
munities who lived primarily in the upper Yellow River region in Gansu and Qinghai, China. The been used.
culture existed from 3100 BC to 2700 BC. The earliest discoveries of copper and bronze objects in
China occur at Majiayao sites.
Joint Issue with Belgium Ovp ARQ #1
Ε.Δ
Theme: Earth esre vase (Neolithic Majiayo)
City: Hermes - Mercury
Text: 1914, 24 Aug. Perforation: 
CHN_PR_20010612 FDC
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
1. 25 l Ultramarine 45,00 € 45,00 €
a Inverted ovp 200,00 € 150,00 €
b A instead Δ 200,00 € 150,00 €
35
abated, continues. Colombia has been officially named the Republic of New Granada (1831-58),
the Grenadine Confederation (1858-61), the United States of New Granada (1861), the United
States of Colombia (1861-85) and the Republic of Colombia (since 1885).
CILICIA
Cilicia (1919-21)
Ovp #3
Ovp #2 Lansa Ovp #4
Ovp #1
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A district of southern Turkey, northwest of Syria. Cilicia was occu- Avianca Lansa Avianca
pied by the British and French from Turkey in 1918. In 1919, France assumed sole control and in
1920 received the territory as a mandate from the League of Nations. In 1921, however, Turkish
forces expelled the French, and in 1923 France gave up its claims to the area. During 1919, Cilicia
used Palestinian stamps, and during 1919-21, the French regime issued overprinted stamps of
Turkey and France
Surch #1
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 Ovp ARQ #3
18 x 4 ½ mm. 15 x 3 ½ mm. Statue from San Agustin
Ovp ARQ #4
Obelisk of Theodosius in the Hippodrome Technique: Engraved Unwmk
1919 Perforation: 11 ½  Designer:
Technique: Litho Unwmk Printer: American Bank Note Company
1. 5 c Gray blue 0,20 € 0,20 €

Printer:
2. 30 c Blue 0,35 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 80 c Olive green 1,90 € 0,40 €
In San Agustín, enclosed in the Columbian Massif where the Andes divide in two branches and the
1. 2 pa Red lilac (ovp 1) 25.000 1,25 € 1,10 € Cauca and Magdalena rivers have their sources, imposing statues of volcanic stone recall the gre-
at days of a culture which vanished some eight centuries before the Spanish arrived.
a Ovp 2 40.350 1,25 € 0,50 € For more than 2000 years, sedentary farmers were scattered over an area of 500 square kilome -
ters. Their agricultural terraces and canals alternated with artificial mounds covering their monu-
b Ovp 3 18.900 1,50 € 0,25 € mental tombs guarded by statues. Important persons were buried with offerings of gold and pot-
tery, representing a rich mythical world inhabited by beings with jaguar mouths and ferocious ex-
pressions, guardians with weapons and trophy heads, birds of prey, serpents and other animals.
Column of Constantine The figure of jaguar-man was associated with the shaman, the religious leader who could trans -
form himself into a feline in order to balance the contradictory forces of the cosmos
1919 Perforation: 11 ½ 
Muisca raft in Lake Guatavita
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: American Bank Note Company
Dk brown (ovp 1) Sheet: ** ∘

2. 4 pa 25.350 1,10 € 1,00 €
a Ovp 2 13.500 1,25 € 0,50 € 4. 10 c Yellow orange 0,20 € 0,20 €
b Ovp 3 60.000 1,50 € 0,25 € 5. 40 c Rose lake 0,70 € 0,20 €

Towards the 7th A.D. the high plain of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia were populated by the
Muisca, a group linguistically related to the Tairona. At the time of the Spanish conquest they had
Pyramids of Egipt expanded over an area of 25.000 square kilometers and comprised more than a million inhabi-
tants. Farmers cultivating maize, potatoes and other Andean tubers, they lived scattered over the
1919 Perforation: 11 ½ slopes and valleys, subject to chiefs who governed from villages. Two principal chiefs, the Zipa
 and the Zaque, ruled over the south and north of the territory respectively.
The people gathered together from time to time for rituals in which gold played a fundamental part.
Idols or tunjos, small rough figurines made by specialists who depicted human beings, animals
and scenes of political and social life, were deposited in temples, caves and sacred lakes as offe-
Designer:
rings.
Printer:
Various
Sheet: ** ∘
1948, 12 Jul. Perf.: 12 ñ
3. 5 Pi Pale blue & black (ovp 5) 100.000 1,50 € 0,85 €
a Inv. Ovp. Tech: Engr. Unwmk

Designer:
Printer: American Bank Note Co.
Sheet: ** ∘
COLOMBIA 6. 5 c Orange yellow 0,50 € 0,50 €
7. 10 c Yellow red 0,20 € 0,20 €

(1859-)
8. 30 c Yellow green 0,35 € 0,20 €
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population 37,418,290. A republic in northwest South America. The 9. 40 c Claret 0,50 € 0,20 €
seat of the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada after 1718, Colombia declared its independence
in 1810, finally ousting the Spanish in 1824. Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador made up the State 10. 80 c Red brown 0,85 € 0,20 €
of Greater Colombia until 1830 when the three nations separated. In 1903, the northern province
of Panama broke away from Colombia and, with U.S. support, became independent. Colombia is
one of the few democracies in Latin America, although it has been plagued by chronic violence Various
and disorder. "La Violencia" of 1948-58 claimed 200,000 lives, and political violence, albeit much
36
1950, 12 Jul. Perf.: 12 ñ

Statue from San Agustin
Tech: Engr. Unwmk
1952, 30 Oct. Perforation: 12 ñ
Designer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
11. 5 c Ovpt 1 on stamp # 6 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
12. 10 c Ovpt 1 on stamp # 7 0,20 € 0,20 €
29-I. 70 c Surch 1 on stamp # 10 1,50 € 0,70 €
13. 30 c Ovpt 1 on stamp # 8 0,30 € 0,20 €
14. 40 c Ovpt 1 on stamp # 9 0,40 € 0,40 €

Hermes - Mercury
15. 80 c Ovpt 1 on stamp # 10 1,00 € 0,40 €
1954, 29 Oct. Perforation: 13 ñ
Various Technique: Engraved Unwmk
1950, 18 Jul. Perf.: 12 Designer:

ñ
Printer: Thomas de la Rue
Tech: Engr. Unwmk
Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
Printer: American Bank Note Co. 30. 5 c Orange 0,30 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 31. 15 c Blue 0,30 € 0,20 €
16. 5 c Ovpt 2 on stamp # 6 0,20 € 0,20 € 32. 50 c Caem. 0,30 € 0,20 €
17. 10 c Ovpt 2 on stamp # 7 0,20 € 0,20 €

Atahualpa, Tisquesusa, Moctezuma
18. 30 c Ovpt 2 on stamp # 8 0,30 € 0,20 €
19. 40 c Ovpt 2 on stamp # 9 0,80 € 0,20 €
Technique: Engr. Photo Unwmk
Various Designer: Mosdossy
1951, 15 Sep. Perf.: 12 ñ Printer: De la Rue
Tech: Engr. Unwmk Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 32-I. 2 c Dull brown & black 0,30 € 0,20 €

Bird pectoral
Sheet: ** ∘
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ
20. 40 c Ovpt 3 on stamp # 9 1,50 € 1,25 €
21. 80 c Ovpt 3 on stamp # 10 1,10 € 0,95 €

Designer: Claudio Alonso
Various Printer: De la Rue Colombia
1951, 1 Oct. Perf.: 12 ñ Sheet: ** ∘
Tech: Engr. Unwmk 33. 30 c Verm gold 0,20 € 0,20 €

Designer:
Gold diadem. Calima culture
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Sheet: ** ∘
22. 40 c Ovpt 4 on stamp # 9 0,85 € 0,30 €

23. 80 c Ovpt 4 on stamp # 10 3,25 € 0,55 € Designer: Claudio Alonso

Printer: De la Rue Colombia
Various Sheet: ** ∘
1952, 10 May. Perf.: 12 ñ 34. 1,60 P Brt rose lil gold 0,60 € 0,20 €
Tech: Engr. Unwmk During the first millennium B.C., in the valley of the rivers Calima and Dagua wich flow into the Pa-
cific Ocean, groups of settled farmers and excellent potters began a long process of development
Designer: know as llama.
Later the populations began to expand, adapting the landscape of hill and valleys to make house
Printer: American Bank Note Co. platforms, raised fields and drainage canals. This Yotoco period (2nd B.C. - 9th A.D.) in Calima
produced splendid gold pieces: beautiful ornaments to enhance the prestige of their wearers, ac-
Sheet: ** ∘ companying them eventually to their tombs; representations of a varied fauna and men with animal
characteristics, combining the real world with the mythical; dippers and lime containers, poporos,
24. 5 c Ultra 0,45 € 0,20 € for the ritual consumption of the sacred coca leaf.
Towards the 10th A.D. the area was occupied by the Sonso people, whose warriors, resplendent in
25. 5 c Carm rose 0,45 € 0,20 € coppery gold helmets and pectorals, were to confront the Spanish in 1530.
26. 10 c Ultra ¿? 0,40 € 0,20 €
Gold statue. Tolima culture
27. 30 c Ultra 2,25 € 0,55 €
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¾ x 14 
28. 30 c Carm rose 1,75 € 0,30 €
29. 40 c Gray 0,40 € 0,20 € Technique: Photo Unwmk

Sheet: ** ∘
37
35. 3 P Dp blue gold 0,60 € 0,20 € Pre-columbian head. Muisca culture

The valley of the Magdalena river, the principal fluvial artery of Colombia, was an important interfa-
ce zone in population movement and commercial exchange, reflected in the influence among the 1970, 25 Mar. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
southern, central and northern cultures.
Goldwork in an abstract style, symmetrical and schematic, is typical of the art produced here from Technique: Litho Unwmk
the beginning of the Christian era. A profound dualistic cosmology is expressed through a love of
contrast and balance between the full and empty spaces decorating strange mythical beings with Designer:
wings and jaguar teeth, or fabulous insects with the powers of bird, fish or feline.
When the Spanish arrived the area was populated by numerous groups of Carib speakers with a Printer:
tribal organization of dispersed independent villages
Sheet: ** ∘
Ornamental pectoral. Cauca culture 39. 1 P Grn blk & brick 0,30 € 0,20 €
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ

Greek thater mask
1970, 12 Sep Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Designer: Mosdossy
Sheet: ** ∘
36. 5 P Verm gold 1,75 € 0,30 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Around 1000 A.D. the age of the great gold objects had passed in the southwest, and the valley of
the river Cauca was occupied by warrior groups with different tradition. Goldwork was widely used, 40. 30 c Dk brn red & ocher 0,20 € 0,20 €
though alloyed with copper, among the chiefs who confronted Spanish conquistadores wearing
nose ornaments like twisted mails”with gold necklaces upon them and on their chests a breastpla-
te of gold the size of a platter, which they call patens” according to a anonymous chronicler. “The Gold pectoral. Tolima culture
Indians of this land” wrote Cieza de León, “use a great deal of low grade gold, up to seven carats,
some more and some less”. 1971, 11 Mar. Perforation: 14 ñ
Between Tierradentro, Popayán and Puracé, in the upper Cauca valley, traces have been found of
a little-know group which produced complex pendants of gold and tumbaga in the form of birds or Technique: Unwmk
frogs, combined with human features.
Designer:
Pitcher (Pororo). Quimbaya culture
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ Sheet: ** ∘
41. 2 P Blk org & grn 0,90 € 0,55 €
Printer: De la Rue Colombia Human figure. Tamalameque culture
Sheet: ** ∘ 1973, 15 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
36. 20 P Violet 1,75 € 0,30 € Technique: Litho Unwmk
The goldsmiths of the Early Quimbaya period (1st - 10th A.D.) created a naturalistic art form on the
temperate slopes bordering the Cauca river. Their poporos, were inspired by plant forms; others Designer:
are portraits with calm faces and stately postures, inside which fragments of calcined bones have
been found. These masters of lost wax casting modeled their pieces in beeswax and covered Printer: De la Rue Colombia
them with clay, so that when the mold was heated the wax left its form on the inside. The gold-cop-
per alloy tumbaga, poured into the mold, took the same shape as the wax model. Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Towards the 10th A.D. the middle Cauca valley was occupied by other communities who survived
until the Spanish conquest. Living in villages of circular houses, they buried their dead in large ce-
42. 60 c Lt blue & multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
meteries. The ornaments of Late Quimbaya period are of gold and copper in simple forms, very wi-
dely used. Tamalameque urns, was used for secondary burials, have anthropomorphous lids. The urns in ge-
neral are cylindrical, with flat or circular bases, and straight or slightly inverted border. The Tamala-
meque lids are semi globular, with a human figure attached on the top, represented by the head
and torso. The head is generally full-sized and very realistic. The heads come in two types: one is
modeled in two dimensions with a straight outline, small extended arms to the sides with open
hands; the second head type has a hollow inside and is more realistic. The arms are in various po-
sitions.
The bigger urns are approximately 50 cm. high and with a diameter of approximately 31 cm. The
smallest ones are approximately 20 cm. high and with a diameter of approximately 18 cm. The
average size of the lids is (Height: 38 cm., Diameter: 30 cm.) The manufacturing technique used in
these urns was modeling; the slips vary from light brown to reddish tones, some displaying white
paint.
Winged Urn. Tairona culture

1973, 15 Jun. Perf.: 13 ½ x 
1973, 11 Oct. 14 ñ
Tech: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
43. 1 $ Org & multi 0,45 € 0,20 €
44. 1 $ Org & multi (aereo ovp) 1,00 € 1,00 €

The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in the north of the country, was inhabited by the Tairona. At
Pre-columbian gold the height of their splendor, after 1000 A.D., they built many villages and cities with stone founda-
tions, covered today with thick vegetation. Their engineering and architectural works are remarka-
1967, 13 Oct. Perforation: Imperf. ñ Technique: Photo ble: terraces, sewers, bridges, roads and stairs. Their urbanism indicates a hierarchy of political
management, with great cities controlling smaller settlements through a elite composed of chiefs
and a powerful priestly class.
Unwmk Designer: Claudio Alonso
Objects of gold, stone and pottery combine men with animals figures whose deep symbolic con-
tent lives on among the ljka and Kogi, the indigenous communities who live in the Sierra Nevada
Print: De la Rue Colombia Sheet: 2 ** ∘
de Santa Marta to this day.
38a 5 P Dk vio gold
38b 30 c Emer gold
38
50. 1 P Red & gold 0,40 € 0,20 €

Jug. Muisca culture
51. 2 P Green & gold 0,90 € 0,20 €
1973, 15 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  52. 10 P Rose & gold 4,50 € 0,60 €
Designer: Sinú gold
Printer: De la Rue Colombia 1975, 1 Dec. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 

Sheet: 50 ** ∘ Technique: Litho Unwmk
45. 1,10 P Vio & multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 € Designer:

Printer: Carvajal y cía
Animal figure
Woman and child. Simu culture
Sheet: ** ∘
1973, 15 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ
53. 1,20 P Surch on stamp #49 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer: Tairona's lost city
Printer: De la Rue Colombia 1978, 18 Apr. Perforation: 12 ¼ x 12 ½ ñ

Sheet: 50 ** ∘ Technique: Litho Unwmk
46. 1,30 P Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 € Designer:

The tropical plains of the Caribbean in the north of Colombia are areas of lakes, estuaries and sa- Printer:
vannas with a varied fauna. The Zenú had been expanding since the 8th B.C. in the basins of the
rivers Sinú, San Jorge, Cauca and Nechi. At their peak their territory was divided into three provin - Sheet: ** ∘
ces: production of edible tubers, various manufactures and the exploitation of native gold. Their
chiefs, all members of a single lineage, controlled the large-scale distribution of products. 54. 3,50 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
In the swampy regions of lower San Jorge they practiced hydraulic engineering through a system
of artificial canals covering 500,000 hectares. A large population settled along the rivers in isolated
dwellings or villages constructed on artificial platforms. Towards 1000 A.D. the population decrea- Theme: Tairona mask
sed markedly. Certain groups surviving on the river Sinu until the conquest told the Europeans
about the days of the great Zenú. City: Bogotá
Two headed figure. Quimbaya culture Text:
1973, 15 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ COL_19780418_1 SPD

Designer:
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Gold figure. Tolima culture
47. 1,70 P Multicolor 0,55 € 0,25 €
1978, 18 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½ ñ
Man. Tumaco culture
1973, 15 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ Designer: De la Rue Colombia
Technique: Litho Unwmk Printer:
Printer: De la Rue Colombia 55. 3,50 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Theme:
48. 3,50 P Multicolor 1,10 € 0,90 €
The Pacific coast plain, from the mangrove swamps to the tropical forest of the Andean foothills, City: Bogotá
offers a variety of resources for human subsistence.
Living around the estuaries over a period of more than 2000 years, the people of Tumaco culture Text:
and the neighboring Ecuadorian region of La Tolita developed an effective economic system ba-
COL_19780418_2 SPD
sed on fishing and maize agriculture. Their ceramics portray resplendent chiefs as well as ordinary
people, sometimes normal, sometimes sick or deformed. As if in some mysterious rite, the clay he-
ads have been struck off, adorned with characteristic Tumaco jewelery.: little soldered nose and
ear ornaments, golden studs and pips inserted into the skin of the cheek
Gold figure. Muisca culture
1978, 12 Sep. Perforation: 12 ½ ñ
Designer: De la Rue Colombia
Printer:
Animal Necklace Nose pendant ñ Sheet: ** ∘
Sinú gold 56. 3,50 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
1975, 11 Apr. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 

Gold owl. Calima culture
1978, 21 Nov. Perforation: 12 ½ ñ
Designer:
Printer: Carvajal y cía
Alligator-shaped staff Designer: De la Rue Colombia
ornament ñ Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
49. 80 c Ultra & gold 0,40 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
39
57. 3,50 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Chambers. Tierra adentro
Theme: Mask 1981, 12 May. Perf.: 14 ñ

City: Bogotá Tech: Litho Unwmk
Text: Designer:
COL_19781121 SPD Printer: De la Rue Colombia
Sheet: ** ∘
Gold owl. Calima culture 64. 7 $ Multicolor 1,00 € 0,20 €
1979, May. Perforation: 12 ½ ñ 65. 7 $ Multicolor 1,00 € 0,20 €

The eastern foothills of the Central Cordillera were named Tierradentro (“land within”) by the Spa-
Technique: Litho Unwmk nish after the ruffed topography gashed by the canyons on the river Paez and its tributaries. 1000
years ago the inhabitants of these magical regions excavated monumental tombs on the summits
Designer: De la Rue Colombia of the hills, with subterranean chambers entered by spiral staircases. Painted with geometric figu-
res in red and black, they reproduced the interior of dwelling houses; here exhumed bones from
Printer: early burials, were places in funerary urns.
A thousand years earlier, groups distantly connected with San Agustin had buried their dead with
Sheet: ** ∘ grave goods in rather shallow tombs. Tierradentro goldwork is of amazing technical quality: mask,
ear ornaments, pectorals, sometimes adorned with repose jaguars whose prominent fangs are si-
58. 4 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € milar to those on the San Agustin statues
Gold frog. Quimbaya culture

1979, 17 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½ ñ
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Man Seated man Seal print Jug
59. 4 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Quimbaya culture
Theme: Mask 1981, 23 Sep. Perforation: 14 ñ Technique: Litho
City: Bogotá
Unwmk Designer:
Text:
Print: De la Rue Colombia Sheet: 4 ** ∘
COL_19790717 SPD
66. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
67. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €

Gold nose pendant. Tairona culture 68. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
1979, 1 Feb. Perforation: 12 ñ 69. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
60. 5 P Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Tomb. San Agustin

1979, 25 Sep Perforation: 14 ñ Anthropomorphic Jar Anthropomorphic Urn
container jar
Technique: Unwmk
Calima culture
Designer:
Printer: Carvajal, S.A.
1981, 17 Dec. Perforation: 14 ñ Technique: Litho
Sheet: ** ∘ Unwmk Designer:
61. 8 P Multicolor 0,55 € 0,35 € Print: De la Rue Colombia Sheet: 4 ** ∘
70. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €

San Agustin
71. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
1981, 12 May. Perf.: 14 ñ
72. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
Tech: Litho Unwmk
73. 9 $ Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
Designer:
Printer: De la Rue Colombia Theme:
Sheet: ** ∘ City: Bogotá
62. 7 $ Multicolor 1,00 € 0,20 € Text:

63. 7 $ Multicolor 1,00 € 0,20 € COL_19811217 SPD
40
Two headed human figure. Muisca culture

Designer: .
Printer: Carvajal, S.A
Sheet: ** ∘
Anthropo- Anthropo- Anthropomorphic
Pectoral
zoomorphic figure zoomorphic figure figure
81. 80 P Emer & gold 300.000 0,66 € 0,25 €
Tairona
Ritual figure. Quimbaya culture
1981, 17 Dec.
Perf.: 14 ñ
Tech.: Litho
Designer:
Zoomorphic figure Unwmk
Printer: Carvajal, S.A
Anthropomorphic figure Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 82. 90 P Rose & gold 300.000 0,75 € 0,35 €
Printer: De la Rue Colombia Sheet: ** ∘

Quimbaya Museum in Armenia
74. 25 $ 25 p light brown 1,50 € 0,40 €
75. 25 $ 25 p bright pink 1,50 € 0,40 €
76. 25 $ 25 p green 1,50 € 0,40 € Technique: Litho Unwmk
77. 25 $ 25 p dk blue 1,50 € 0,40 € Designer:
78. 25 $ 25 p violet 1,50 € 0,40 € Printer:
79. 25 $ 25 p red 1,50 € 0,40 € Sheet: ** ∘
83. 135 P Multicolor 0,90 € 0,30 €

Theme:
City: Bogotá Goldsmiths
Text: 1989, 23 Aug. Perforation: 12 ñ

COL_19811217 SPD Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Carvajal, S.A.
Sheet: ** ∘
Tomb. San Agustin
84. 130 $ Multicolor 0,90 € 0,30 €
1988, 13 May Perforation: 14 ñ
Potter and Sinu ceramic figure
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Carvajal, S.A. Technique: Unwmk
80. 70 $ Blue & gold 500.000 0,75 € 0,30 € Printer: Carvajal, S.A.
Sheet: ** ∘
Zipa Tisquesusa
85. 115 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,25 €
1988, 28 Sep. Perforation: 14 ñ
Technique: Litho Unwmk Gold museum. Calima ¿?
Designer: Ignacio Castillo Cervantes 1990, 26 Jul. Perforation: 12 ñ

Printer: Carvajal, S.A. Technique: Unwmk
80-I. 80 P Multicolor 900.000 0,75 € 0,35 € Printer: Carvajal, S.A.

Sheet: ** ∘
Theme:
86. 170 P Multicolor 0,55 € 0,20 €
City: Bogotá
Text: Statues from San Agustin
COL_19880728 SPD 1991, 24 Aug. Perf.: 12
Tech: Litho Unwmk

Designer: Alvaro Chaves M.
Printer: Carvajal. S.A.
Sheet: ** ∘
 ñ
41
87. 80 $ Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €

Cacique Gaitana
88. 80 $ Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
1997, 19 Dec. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 ñ
Urn, Tierradentro Technique: Litho Unwmk
1991 24 Aug. Perforation: 12  Designer:
Technique: Litho Unwmk Printer: Thomas Greg & sons
Designer: Alvaro Chaves M. Sheet: 12 ** ∘
Printer: Carvajal. S.A. 95. 500 $ Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Pectoral, Tairona
89. 90 P Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
1998, 29 Jul. Perforation: 12 
Winged fish Technique: Unwmk
1991, 24 Aug. Perforation: 12 ñ Designer: Mauricio Melo
Technique: Litho Unwmk Printer: Fesa, S.A.
Designer: Museo del Oro Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Carvajal, S.A. 96. 500 P Red & gold 1,00 € 0,70 €
Sheet: ** ∘
90. 210 $ Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 € Broch, Malagana

Gold earings
Technique: Unwmk
1995, 30 Mar. Perforation: 14 ñ
Designer: Mauricio Melo
Printer: Fesa, S.A.
Designer: Oscar Rodríguez
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Thomas G & S de Colombia, S.A.
97. 500 P Red & gold 1,00 € 0,70 €
Sheet: ** ∘
91. 400 $ Multicolor 1,40 € 0,90 € Mask, Quimbaya

Man with hat
Technique: Unwmk
Designer: Mauricio Melo
Printer: Fesa, S.A.
Designer: Museo del Oro
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Carvajal. S.A.
98. 500 P Red & gold 1,00 € 0,70 €
Sheet: ** ∘
92. 400 P Multicolor 1,10 € 0,40 € Nariño gold work

2002, 7 Jun.
Sculptures, San Agustín
Perf.: 13 ½ x 14 
1996, 6 Dec. Perforation: 14 
Tech.: Litho
Unwmk
Designer: Pectoral Disk
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
93. 400 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,40 € 99. 800 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
100. 800 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €

Hypogeum, Tierradentro
1996, 6 Dec. Perforation: 14  Calima gold work
Technique: Litho Unwmk 2002, 7 Jun.
Designer: Perf.: 13 ½ x 14 
Printer: Tech.: Litho
Sheet: ** ∘ Unwmk
Diadem
Pectoral
94. 400 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,40 €
Designer:
Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
101. 1400 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
102. 800 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
42
Tairona gold work

2002, 7 Jun.
Perf.: 13 ½ x 14 
Tech.: Litho
Unwmk
Anthropomorphic pectoral Round Pectoral
Designer:
Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
103. 2100 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
104. 2100 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
San Agustin
2003, 29 Jun. Perforation: 12 ¼  Muisca raft in lake Guatavita. El Dorado legend.
Technique: Litho Unwmk 2004, 10 Mar. Perforation: 12 ¼  Technique: Offset
Designer: Unwmk Designer: Rudolf Schrimpff

Printer: Print: Fesa, S.A. Sheet: 2 ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
112. 1700 $ Multicolor 280.000 1,90 € 1,90 €
105. 1000 $ Multicolor 1,20 € 1,20 €
113. 2000 $ Multicolor 280.000 2,20 € 2,20 €
gold work
2005
Perf.: 
Tech.:
Unwmk
Designer: A. Fabrizo
Printer: Thomas Greg & Sons Sheet: 12 ** ∘
114. 1200 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 €
115. 1200 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 €
gold work
2005
Perf.: 
Tech.:
Unwmk
116. 1800 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 €
117. 1800 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 €
Perforation: 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Lake Guatavita. El Dorado legend. Muisca culture Printer:
2004, 10 Mar. Perforation: 12 ¼  Technique: Offset Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 118. 1200 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 €

Unwmk
Print: Fesa, S.A. Sheet: 6+3 ** ∘

Popoyo quimbaya
106. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 € 2006
107. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 €
Perf.: 
108. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 €
Tech.:
109. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 €
Unwmk
110. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 €
111. 2800 $ Multicolor 545.000 2,50 € 2,50 €
43
119. 1500 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 € 11. 25 c blue (’00) 5,75 € 4,50 €
120. 1500 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 € 12. 30 c brn /slate 17,00 € 11,00 €
13. 40 c red / 29,00 € 16,00 €

Theme:
14. 50 c carmin /pink 30,00 € 16,00 €
City: Bogotá brn /blue (’00)
15. 50 c 7,00 € 4,50 €
Text: El oro en las culturas prehispánicas a Double inscription 450,00 € 450,00 €
COL_2006 SPD 16. 75 c dk vio /org 25,00 € 17,50 €
17. 1 F F bronze grn 32,50 € 19,00 €
Anthropomorphic sculpture. Quimbaya

Hermes – Mercury as commerce
2006 Perforation:  1892-1900 Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer: L.-E. Mouchon
Printer: Thomas Greg & sons
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
18. 5 c Surch 1 on stamp #9 13.000,00 € 4.250,00 €
121. 3300 P Multicolor a Double ovpt 11.000,00 €
19. 15 c Surch 1 on stamp #12 9.000,00 € 1.600,00 €

Gold work
a Double ovpt 3.500,00 €
2009, 12 Mar. Perforation: 12 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer: C Restrepo Q
CONGO. PORTUGUESE COLONY
Printer: Assenda, S.A.
Demeter - Ceres
Sheet: ** ∘
1919 Perforation: 15 x 14 
122. 2000 $ Multicolor
Designer: C. de Sobral Fernandez / J. S. de Carvalho e
Silva
CONGO. FRENCH COLONY Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
The former French colony of Middle Congo, the Congo became a member state in the French
community in 1958 and gained independence in 1960 1. ¼ c olive brn 0,30 € 0,45 €
a Inv inscription
2. ½ c black 0,55 € 0,90 €
3. 1 c grn blue 2,75 € 3,75 €
4. 1½ c lil brn 1,10 € 1,25 €
Surch #1 5. 2 c carmin 1,10 € 1,25 €

Valeur / 15
6. 2½ c brgth vio 0,35 € 0,80 €
Hermes – Mercury as commerce 7. 5 c dk blue 0,65 € 1,25 €
1892-1900 Perforation: 14 x 13 ½  8. 7½ c yell brn 0,90 € 1,25 €
Technique: Typo Unwmk 9. 8 c slate 1,50 € 3,00 €
10. 10 c org brn 1,50 € 3,00 €

Designer: L.-E. Mouchon
11. 15 c plumb 1,75 € 3,00 €
Printer:
12. 20 c yell grn 2,00 € 3,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
13. 30 c brn /grn 2,50 € 4,50 €
1. 1 c blk /lil blue 1,00 € 0,90 €
14. 40 c brn /pink 4,00 € 6,00 €
2. 2 c brn /buff 1,25 € 1,00 €
15. 50 c org /sal 4,00 € 6,00 €
a Double inscription 100,00 € 100,00 €
16. 1 $ grn /blue 5,00 € 8,00 €
3. 4 c claret /lavan 1,50 € 1,40 €
a Inscr. blue & blk 100,00 € 100,00 €
4. 5 c grn /grnsh 3,75 € 3,25 € CONGO REPUBLIC

5. 10 c blk /lavan 12,50 € 7,50 €
(1959-)
a Double inscription 400,00 € 250,00 €
6. 10 c red (’00) 2,00 € 0,90 € Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 2,583,198. A republic on the north bank of the Congo Ri -
ver, in west central Africa. After 1963, the Congo government alligned itself with both the Soviet
7. 15 c blue, quadr paper 32,50 € 8,75 € Union and China. U.S. relations, severed in 1965, were restored in 1977. In 1990, Maoism was re-
gray (’00) nounced, and opposition parties were legalized. The official name of the country, changed to the
8. 15 c 5,00 € 3,50 €
People's Republic of the Congo in 1970, was changed back to the Republic of the Congo. A demo-
9. 20 c red /grn 14,00 € 8,50 € cratically elected government came to power in 1992. During 1997, the country was torn by ethnic
and regional civil war.
10. 25 c blk /pink 15,00 € 8,50 €
44
Hator Pillar from Abu Simbel

1964, 9 Mar. Perforation: 13 ñ
Technique: Engrav. Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
#13 Hanging #14 Statue of Zeus #15 Colossus of #16 Mausoleum of
gardens of Babilon in Olympia Rhodes Halicarnassus
1. 10+5 F Vio & chnt 0,20 € 0,20 €
2. 25+5 F Org brn & slate grn 0,30 € 0,25 €
3. 50+5 F Slate grn & brn red 0,50 € 0,45 €
Theme: Monuments of Nubia

City: Brazzaville #12 Pyramids #17 Temple of Artemis #19 Ubication
Text: Sauvage / des / Monuments / de Nubie Seven wonders of the world

COG_19640309 FDC 1,00 € 1978, 12 Aug Perforation: 14 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
#18 Lighthouse of
Alexandria
Dzeke (shell) Okengo (iron bar) Gallic coin 60 BC Roman denarius 37 12. 35 F Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
BC
13. 50 F Multicolor 0,35 € 0,20 €
Ancient coins
14. 60 F Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
1975, 5 Oct. Perf.:  Multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 €
15. 95 F
Tech: Engr Unwmk 16. 125 F Multicolor 0,80 € 0,40 €
Designer: Jumelet / Mokoko 17. 150 F Multicolor 1,00 € 0,45 €
Printer: 18. 200 F Multicolor 1,25 € 0,55 €

Danubian coin 2nd Greek stater 4th
cent BC cent BC Sheet: ** ∘ 19. 300 F Multicolor 2,00 € 0,80 €
4. 30 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
5. 30 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
6. 40 F Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 € CORFU

7. 50 F Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
(1941)
8. 60 F Multicolor 0,30 € 0,25 €
9. 85 F Multicolor 0,40 € 0,25 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive. The major island of the Ionian Islands, off the western coast of Gre-
ece in the Ionian Sea. Corfu, under Greek control since 1864, was occupied by Italy in 1923 and
1941-43. Stamps of Italy and Greece were overprinted by the Italians for use on the island.
Theme: Ancient coins
City: Brazzaville
Text: Monnaies / anciennes
Ovp #1
COG_19751005 FDC 1,00 €
Ancient coins (inscribed 1976)

1976, Mar. Perf.:  Wmk ARQ #1
Tech: Engr Unwmk

Designer: Jumelet / Mokoko
Dzeke (shell) Okengo (iron bar) Printer:

Sheet: ** ∘
10. 30 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
11. 30 F Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
# 2 Lady of Tirynis # 3 Lady of Tirynis # 4 Zeus of # 7 Venus of Melos

Dodone
45
# 1 Contest with bull # 5 Coin of the # 6 Battle of Salamis # 19 Triptolomeus king of # 21 Phrixos and Helle on
# 13 Isis
Amphictyonic league Eleusis the Ram flying on the
Hellesponto
Mithological
1941, 5 Jun. Perforation: Diverse ñ Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
# 8 Battle of Salamis # 9 Chariot of # 10 Alexander the Great
Panathenaics Festival at Battle of Issos 12. 1 D red 222,25 € 90,00 €
Historical 13. 2 D gray 1,75 € 1,60 €
1941, 5 Jun. Perforation: Diverse  14 5 D violet 2,00 € 1,75 €
Technique: Wmk 1 15 7 D dk ultra 2,00 € 1,75 €
Designer: 16 10 D bis brn 375,00 € 150,00 €
Printer: 17 10 D org brn ('37) 22,50 € 15,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 18 25 D rose 30,00 € 16,00 €
# 11 Glory 19 30 D dk grn 42,50 € 24,00 €
1.. 5 l brn red & blu 2,25 € 2,25 € 20 50 D violet 40,00 € 24,00 €
a Inverted ovp 30,00 € 20,00 € a Double ovp 175,00 €
b Double ovp 42,50 € 50,00 € 21 100 D Brn 375,00 € 250,00 €
2. 10 l blue & red brn 0,90 € 1,25 €

Stamps overprinted “CORFU” were replaced by Italian stamps overprinted “Isole Jonie”
3. 10 l blue & red brn (issue '38) 525,00 € 344,00 €
4. 20 l blk & grn 0,90 € 1,25 €
a Inverted ovp 42,50 € 42,50 €

CORRIENTES, ARGENTINA'S
5. 40 l grn & blk 1,25 € 2,00 €
a Inverted ovp 30,00 € 20,00 € PROVINCE

b Double ovp 42,50 € 50,00 €
(1856-80)
6. 50 l brn & blk 0,90 € 1,25 €
a Inverted ovp 30,00 € 20,00 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive. The northeast province of Argentina, Corrientes issued its own
stamps until 1880, when they were replaced by regular Argentine issues.
7. 80 l yell brn 1,25 € 2,00 €
8. 2 D ultra 2,75 € 2,50 €

Ceres
9. 5 D red 2,75 € 3,00 €
1856, 21 Aug. Perforation: Imperf. 
10. 6 D olive brn 2,75 € 3,25 €
11. 25 D dk blue 8,50 € 9,00 €
Designer: M. Pipet
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
1. 1 r Bk blue 85,00 € 175,00 €
a Oily impresions
2. 3 r Bl Blue 350,00 € 175,00 €

# 17 Hermes - No. 1 and 2 used is valued con pen cancellation. Varieties include oily impression (1a),
Mercury “NT” lettering defect
# 14 Daedalus and # 16 Hermes -
# 15 Palas Athea
Icarus holding Pegasus
Mercury Ceres
1856, 21 Aug. Perforation: Imperf. 
Designer: M. Pipet
Printer:
#6 ** ∘
Sheet:
# 12 Helios driving the sun chariot
3. 3 c 3 c bk /blue 9,50 € 3,20 €
# 18 Zeus carrying 4. 2 c blk /yell grn ('64) 37,50 € 37,50 €

# 20 Bellerephon
off Ganimede and Pegasus a 2 c blk /bl grn 92,50 € 110,00 €
5. 2 c blk /yell 7,50 € 19,00 €
6. 3 c blk /dk blue ('71) 3,00 € 19,00 €
46
7. 3 c blk /rose red ('76) 100,00 € 50,00 €
a 2 c blk /lila rose ('75) 140,00 € 80,00 €
8. 3 c blk /dk rose ('79) 8,00 € 32,50 €
a 3 c blk /red vio ('77) 60,00 € 35,00 €
Impressions constituting a sheet. Some impressions were imprint inverted tete beche
pairs may be cut from adjacent impressions.
Since Jan. 1 a Feb. 24, 1864, No. 4 was used as a 5 centavos stamp but copies so used
can only be distinguished when they bear dated cancellations.
El reprints show numerous spots and small defects which are not found in the origi-
nals. They are imprinted in blue gray, dark blue, greenish gray, dark orange and light
magenta papers.
The following study is from www.stampsofargentina.com
Groups, Compositions and Dispositions

The Corrientes issues were printed in sheets of 32 stamps (see further down), arran-
ged in four groups of eight such as the one below. They are simply black stamps prin-
ted on diverse colored paper, and there are only eight different types which are the
same for all the colors. It is useful to learn to identify these types (see the guide at the
bottom of this page), in order to reduce the risk of buying forgeries (there is a fairly
accurate forgery of Type #1, which can be identified with some care). In addition it is Corrientes 3 c blue – Sheet disposition IV
useful to know some of the traits of the reprints (made with the original plates) for (The two sides are looking from each other)
each of the eight types, in order to avoid mistaking them for the originals (as descri-
bed by Podesta and Elkin).
The Eight Types:
An illustration and description of the eight types follows. Identifying the type is usually
a straightforward matter: the most salient characteristics of each type are in bold.
The reprints which were made later with the original plates, in addition to all the cha-
racteristics of each of the eight types, have additional ones mentioned below for each
type and which are helpful in identification. It should be noted that I have found some
of the reprint traits in what I believe to be genuine examples of the later issues, so
these traits are not necessarily conclusive by themselves. The type of paper and gum
are also important considerations to determine whether one is in the presence of a re-
print or an original issue.
Type 1, Type 2, Type 3,

The “O” of CORRIENTES The “C” has a bump in its The lower right of the hair
touches the frame at the lower part, the left frame ends look like a brush or a
top, there are two fused is thinner in the mid part, sawtooth.
pearls at the right of the the upper left design pat-
hair bow, the last few hairs tern has an oblique fifth Reprints: two dots at the
to the right form an “8”, line. midpoint of the right side
the second leg of the “N” Reprints: dot in the northe- of the central circle, point
Corrientes 3 c blue - Group of Eight Types touches the frame below. ast petal of the top right after the second “R”, dot
Reprints: dark point in the flower, double line of the inside a pearl facing the
Each of the four groups of eight in a sheet has the types almost always in the same or- lower part of the “S”, flo- top right frame fused, dot nose, dot inside the sec-
der (types 1, 2 , 3, 4 at the top and 5, 6, 7, 8 below), except that this order as well as wery dot below the “T”, in the central circle on the ond pearl to the right of
the alignment between types in each group can be found in basically four “composi- dot below the first “E”, lo- mid left, minute line below the end of the neck.
tions” named 1, 1A, 2 and 2A. Both compositions “2” have the sixth type ahead of the wer left frame interrupted, the previously mentioned
fifth, while both “A” compositions differ slightly in the alignment of some of the types lower right greek design dot, ovoid dot next to the
on the sheet. interrupted. lower right greek design.
In addition the orientation of each of the four groups of eight within the sheets can Type 4, Type 5, Type 6,
vary, in what is known as the “disposition”. There are essentially five known disposi- “CORRIENTES” is larger The bottom of the lower The second leg of the “R”
tions overall, named I through V. Each of the different Corrientes issues is generally than in the other types, right lined triangle edges touches the frame below
only found in one to three group compositions and one or two sheet dispositions. the “O” lightly touches the upward, the last four let- it, the bottom part of the
frame below it. ters are separated, the “S” hair is like an inverted “T”.
Reprints: dot in the greek lightly touches the frame Reprints: three dots in the
design on the lower right below it. mid right part of the cen-
angle, two white dots in Reprints: dot in the top ter circle, dot in the upper
the upper right striped cor- right side of the head, no part of the “O”.
ner, protrusion from head point after the second “E”,
(found in some original la- top frame interrupted twi-
ter issues as well), dot in ce, line joining mid and lo-
the greek design on the wer traces of the first “E”,
upper left angle. teeth marks in the lower
right outside frame.
Type 7, Type 8,
The top edge is convex, there is a dark The top edge is convex, there is a dark
dot in the tope right margin (not seen dot in the tope right margin (not seen
clearly on this example), the top line of clearly on this example), the top line of
the eye (below the eyebrow) is shorter. the eye (below the eyebrow) is shorter.
Reprints: dot at the base of the last line Reprints: dot at the base of the last line
of the vertical stripes in the upper right of the vertical stripes in the upper right
corner, dot in the white line below the corner, dot in the white line below the
upper right flower, dot in the northwest upper right flower, dot in the northwest
dot of the same flower, dot in the second dot of the same flower, dot in the second
vertical line of the “N”. vertical line of the “N”.
Forgeries.
Corrientes 3 c blue – Sheet disposition III Reprints of Corrientes were made in 1879 and later, using the original block. The first
reprint was on diverse colored papers: muted blue, green blue, light grayish green,
(The two sides are looking away from each other) orange and lilac rose. All were printed in Composition 2A. The sheets can be recogni-
zed because type number 7 is exactly below type 3 above, whereas in the original
Composition 2A type 3 is 1 mm to the left of type 7. The printing coarseness is very
variable within sheets, from fine to very coarse. The gum is white. Half the stamps
have a control stamp on the reverse, dated September 1879. We have provided preci-
se descriptors for each type in the reprints to differentiate them from the originals (Po-
desta and Elkin) in the section on Corrientes Issues.
There were subsequent reprints again in Composition 2A, on transparent paper of dif-
ferent colors: sky blue, grey, violet blue, yellow-green, green, bluish-green, orange,
ochre, yellow, lilac rose, lilac, rose, salmon, magenta and solferino. Once again the co-
arseness varies within the sheets, but the cliches show evidence of being more worn.
The quality of the paper is important to differentiate them from the originals. Some re-
prints are found with fake cancels.
47
7. 1 C Ovp 1 on stamp # 3 1,50 € 1,10 €

There is also a dangerous forgery of the Type 1, which can be detected as follows: (i)
the “N” of Corrientes does not touch the line below it; (ii) there is a small line joining 8. 2 C Ovp 1 on stamp # 4 4,00 € 3,50 €
the two left lines of the “N”, (iii) the “O” does not touch the line above it. A yellow
example is shown below. 9. 5 C Ovp 1 on stamp # 5 7,50 € 6,50 €
There are also plenty of fake cancels, and of adulterated #1 blue stamps to make 10. 10 C Ovp 1 on stamp # 6 8,00 € 8,00 €
them look like the expensive #2, where the value was originally crossed out using a
primitive goose feather pen.
Iris
1941, 2 Jun. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
COSTA RICA Designer:
(1863-)
Sheet: ** ∘
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 3,534,174. A republic in Central America, located betwe-
en Nicaragua and Panama. Under Spain until 1821, Costa Rica's subsequent history has been 11. 65 c Ovp 2 on stamp # 3 1,50 € 1,10 €
mostly peaceful, enabling it to develop a relatively high standard of living. Still chiefly an agricultu-
12. 1,40 C Ovp 2 on stamp # 4 4,00 € 3,50 €
ral country, Costa Rica finds tourism an increasingly important industry.
13. 5 C Ovp 2 on stamp # 5 7,50 € 6,50 €
14. 10 C Ovp 2 on stamp # 6 8,00 € 8,00 €

Ovp #1
Ovp #3 Iris
Ovp #2
1943, 15 Sep Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Ovp #4
Designer:
Ovp #6
Ovp #5
Sheet: ** ∘
Ovp #7
15. 5 C Ovp 3 on stamp # 5 2,50 € 2,50 €
16. 10 C Ovp 3 on stamp # 6 2,50 € 2,50 €
Surch #3
Surch #1 Iris
Surch #2 1944 Perforation: 12 ñ
Athens Technique: Unwmk
1924, Dec. Perforation: 12 ½ Designer:


Specimen Printer: American Bank Note Company
Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
17. 1 C Ovp 4 on stamp # 3 0,70 € 0,35 €
Printer: Lit. Nac
a Blue ovp 75,00 € 75,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
1. 20 c Dark blue 3,50 € 3,00 € Iris

a Tete beche 14,00 € 16,00 € 1945, 12 Jun. Perforation: 12 ñ
2. 20 c Imperf. 3,50 € 3,00 €
Technique: Unwmk
a Tete beche 14,00 € 16,00 €
Designer:
Iris Printer: American Bank Note Company

Sheet: ** ∘
1934, 14 Apr. Perforation: 12 ñ
18. 1 C Ovp 5 on stamp # 3 0,75 € 0,35 €
Technique: Unwmk
19. 2 C Ovp 5 on stamp # 4 4,75 € 4,50 €
Designer:
20. 5 C Ovp 5 on stamp # 5 6,00 € 5,50 €
21. 10 C Ovp 5 on stamp # 6 9,00 € 8,25 €
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 1 C Deep rose 1,50 € 0,20 € Hermes - Mercury

4. 2 C Light blue 5,00 € 0,90 € 1945, 19 Jun. Perforation: 12 ñ
5. 5 C Black 5,00 € 4,15 €
Technique: Unwmk
6. 10 C Red brown 8,00 € 8,00 €
Designer:
Iris Specimen Printer: American Bank Note Company

Sheet: ** ∘
1934, 14 Apr. Perforation: 12 ñ
22. 10 c orange red 0,20 € 0,20 €
Technique: Unwmk
23. 15 c dk carmin 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
24. 40 c brifh ultra 0,30 € 0,20 €
25. 45 c dk lila red 0,35 € 0,30 €
Sheet: ** ∘
48
26. 60 c tuq green 0,45 € 0,40 € Pre-columbian art

27. 1 C dk red brn 1,00 € 0,80 € 1963 - 1964 Perforation: 12 ñ
28. 1,40 C gray bk 6,00 € 5,00 €
29. 5 C violet 16,00 € 15,00 €
Designer:
Very few copies of the 5 C or 10 C stamps were sold for postal purposes, nearly all ha- Printer: National Print of Austria, Vienna
ving been obtained by philatelic speculators.
Sheet: ** ∘
#43 Alligator
31. 5 c yel grn & Prus grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
32. 10 c buff & dk grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
33. 25 c rose & dk brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
34. 30 c ocher & Prus grn (’64) 0,25 € 0,20 €
35. 35 c sal & sl grn 0,25 € 0,20 €
36. 45 c lt bl & dk brn 0,25 € 0,20 €
37. 50 c dl bl & dk brn 0,35 € 0,20 €
38. 55 c yel grn & dk brn 0,50 € 0,20 €
39. 75 c ocher & dk red brn 0,50 € 0,20 €
40. 85 c yel & red brn 1,25 € 0,45 €
41. 90 c cit & red brn 1,60 € 0,45 €
42. 1 C lt bl & dk brn 0,95 € 0,30 €
43. 2 C buff & dk grn 1,50 € 0,60 €

She-wolf 44. 3 C yel grn & dk brn 5,00 € 0,90 €
1960, 14 Dec. Perforation: 13  Technique: 45. 5 C cit & sep 5,00 € 1,50 €
Unwmk Designer: 46. 10 C rose lil & sl grn 8,00 € 4,00 €
30. 5 C Multicolor 5,00 € 5,00 €
a Imperf. 5,00 € 5,00 €
Pre-columbian art
1964, 9/15 Oct. Perforation: 12  Technique: Photo
Unwmk Designer:
#33 Male figure #34 Ceremonial #35 Ceramic vase #36 Ancestral
dancer figure Print: National Print of Austria, Sheet: ** ∘
Vienna
47. 5 c Surch 1 on stamp # 34 0,20 € 0,20 €
48. 15 c Surch 1 on stamp # 34 0,20 € 0,20 €
49. 15 c Surch 1 on stamp # 40 0,20 € 0,20 €
Pre-columbian art
#39 Sixlimbed 1964, 22 Nov. Perforation: 12
#37 Frog #38 Bell
figure
#40 Seated man ñ
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria, Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
50. 15 c Surch 2 on stamp # 41 0,20 € 0,20 €
#41 Bird shaped #44 Twintailed #45 Figure under Pre-columbian art
jug lizard arch #46 Polished stone
figure 1965, 14 Aug Perforation: 12 ñ
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria, Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
51. 2 C Ovp 6 on stamp # 43 1,00 € 0,75 €
#31 Dog #32 Ornamental stool. #42 Twin human baker

Metate
49
Pre-columbian art
1965, 14 Aug Perf.: 12 ñ
Tech.: Photo Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria,
Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
52. 15 c Surch 3 on stamp # 34 0,20 € 0,20 €

Pre-columbian art. Gold Mu-
53. 15 c Surch 3 on stamp # 35 0,20 € 0,20 € seum
1986, 19 Sep Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Pre-columbian art
Tech.: Photo Unwmk
1972, 28 Feb.
Designer:
Perf.: 11 ñ
Printer:
Tech.:
Sheet: ** ∘
Unwmk
59. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Petroglyphs, Rincon Brujo Painted head from
Curubandé a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
Designer: 60. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
54. 55 c Blk & brn 0,20 € 0,20 € 61. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
55. 60 c Blk, buff & ver 0,20 € 0,20 € a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
62. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
63. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
64. 13 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,50 € 0,20 €

Dish
65. 13 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
Man Seated man
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,50 € 0,20 €
Pre-columbian art. Jade Museum 66. 13 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
1984, 27 Jun. Perforation: 13 ½  Technique: a Perf. 10 ½ 0,50 € 0,20 €
Unwmk Designer: 67. 13 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,50 € 0,20 €

68. 13 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
56. 4 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
a Perf. 10 ½ 0,50 € 0,20 €
57. 7 C Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
Strip of 5 #59-63 1,75 € 0,30 €
58. 10 C Multicolor 0,75 € 0,20 €
Strip of 5 #59a-63a 3,00 € 0,60 €
Strip of 5 #64-68 3,25 € 0,60 €

Theme: Precolumbian art. Jade Museum
Strip of 5 #64a-68a 9,75 € 1,80 €
City: San José
Text: Arte costarricense / Museo del jade
CRI_19840627 FDC
Dowel-shaped fig- Polished stone ritu- Carved granite cap-

Ape-like carved
ure of a man al figure. ital.
stone figurine.
# 6 Bowl # 7 Sculpture # 8 Water jug
50
Pre-columbian art. National museum Pre-columbian art.

Central Bank
1987, 7 Aug. Perforation: 10 ½ 
2000, 28 Jan.
Perf.: 13 ¼ 
Designer:
Crab Beast with horn Tech.: Litho
Printer: Casa Gráfica Ltda
Unwmk
Sheet: ** ∘
# 5 Two legged
Designer:
pot. ** ∘
Printer: Sheet:
69. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 81. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
74. 15 C Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 € Strip of 5 #81 - 85 2,25 € 1,10 €
75. 15 C Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 €
76. 15 C Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 € Archaeological monument, Guayabo de Tu-

rrialba
Strip of 5 #69 - 73 2,25 € 0,40 €
2003, Perforation: 
Strip of 3 #74 - 76 2,75 € 0,45 €
Technique: Unwmk
Glass-bead and tooth necklace Designer:
1988, 28 Nov Perforation: 13 ½  Printer:
Technique: Photo Unwmk Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 86. 110 C Multicolor
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
77. 4 C Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Three-footed bench for griding corn

1989, 12 Nov Perforation: 12 ½ x 12 
Technique: Litho & Engr Unwmk
Designer:
Warrior, sculpture Forg in gold Bird figure on jade Pottery
Printer: on stone
Sheet: ** ∘ Pre-columbian art

78. 50 C Multicolor 1,75 € 0,30 € 2007, 4 May. Perforation: 11 
Pre-columbian gold frog figure
Designer: Cristian Ramírez
1989, 4 Dec. Perforation: 10 ½  Metate on stone
Printer: Gozaka, S.A.
Technique: Unwmk
Sheet: 5 ** ∘
Designer:
87. 115 C Multicolor 56.000
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
79. 4 C Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Three-footed bench for griding corn
Perforation: 12 ½ x 12 ñ
Technique: Litho & Engr Unwmk
Designer:
CRETE RUSSIAN
Printer: ADMINISTRATION IN
80. 50 C
Sheet:
Ovp 7 on stamp # 78
**
1,10 €
∘
0,30 €
RETHYMNON
(1899)
During 1898-1914, various stamps were issued by the Powers for use in their districts of Crete, in-
cluding Britain (1898-99), Russia (1899), Austria (1903-14), France (1903-13) and Italy (1900-12).
Jaguar Bat
51
Nearly all de #1 - 33 may be found without control mark, con double control marks y
Poseidon's trident en various colours. Counterfeits exist
1899, 27 May. Perforation: 11 ½ 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Without Stars at
Sides
1. 1 m orange 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
2. 1 m green 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
3. 1 m yellow 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
4. 1 m rose 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
5. 1 m violet 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
6. 1 m blue 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
7. 1 m black 960 1.000,00 € 900,00 €
8. 2 m orange 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
9. 2 m green 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
10. 2 m yellow 960 80,00 € 60,00 € Circular control mark Without control mark
11. 2 m rose 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
12. 2 m violet 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
13. 2 m blue 960 80,00 € 60,00 € CRETE THERISSON REBELS

14. 2 m black 960 1.000,00 € 900,00 €
(1905)
15. 1 Gr orange 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
16. 1 Gr green 960 80,00 € 60,00 € On 10 March 1905, the rebels gathered in Theriso and declared "the political union of Crete with
Greece as a single free constitutional state"; the resolution was given to the Great Powers, where
17. 1 Gr yellow 960 80,00 € 60,00 € it was argued that the illegitimate provisional arrangement was preventing the island's economic
growth and that the only logical solution to the "Cretan Question" was the unification with Greece.
18. 1 Gr rose 960 80,00 € 60,00 € The High Commissioner, with the approval of the Great Powers, replied to the rebels that military
force would be used against them. However, more deputies joined with Venizelos in Theriso. The
19. 1 Gr violet 960 80,00 € 60,00 € Great Powers' consuls met with Venizelos in Mournies in an attempt to achieve an agreement, but
without any results.
20. 1 Gr blue 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
21. 1 Gr black 960 1.000,00 € 900,00 € Nike form Paionios

A trident is a three-pronged staff or spear. The French word's origin is from Latin tridens or triden-
1905, 1 Sep. Perforation: Imperf. 
tis, from tri "three" and dentes "teeth." It was used by both spear-fishermen and military forces. As
a hunting tool, it was used for its ability to skewer multiple fish at a time. As a weapon, it was pri-
zed for its long reach and ability to trap other long-weapons between prongs to disarm their wiel- Technique: Typo Unwmk
der. Tridents were also famously used by the retiarii, Roman gladiators who used a net to wrap th-
eir adversary and a trident to kill him.
Designer:
From the fishing origins, the trident is often associated with Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek
mythology as well as Shiva the Hindu super god of destruction. By hitting the earth with his trident,
Printer:
Poseidon created the horse and some water sources in Greece. The Roman Gods, such as Nep-
tune (parallel to Poseidon) also used a trident as a staff, and created earthquakes and new bodies
Sheet: ** ∘
of water. 12,00 € 10,00 €
1. 5 l 5.400
Poseidon's trident 2. 10 l 5.400 12,00 € 10,00 €
1899, 8 Jun. Perforation: 11 ½ 3. 20 l 5.400 12,00 € 10,00 €


4. 50 l 5.400 12,00 € 10,00 €
5. 1 D 5.400 12,00 € 10,00 €
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ CRETE
Stars at Sides
(1898-1910)
22. 1 m blue 6.960 25,00 € 15,00 €
23. 1 m rose 6.393 50,00 € 40,00 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 335,000 (1910 estimate). A large island in the Aegean
Sea, Crete was a province of Turkey from the 15th century. Continuous religious civil strife betwe-
24. 1 m green 6.399 24,00 € 15,00 € en the Christian and Muslim natives provided an excuse for the Great Powers to intervene in the
island's affairs in 1898. In 1899, the island was declared an autonomy under Prince George of
25. 1 m violet 6.400 24,00 € 15,00 € Greece. In 1908, the Cretan Assembly voted for union with Greece, which finally occurred in 1913.
Crete used Turkish stamps until 1899. Stamps of Crete were used until 1913, when Greek stamps
26. 2 m blue 4.864 7,00 € 5,25 € came into use.
27. 2 m rose 4.200 7,00 € 5,25 €
28. 2 m green 3.378 7,00 € 5,25 €
29. 2 m violet 3.200 7,00 € 5,25 € Ovp #1 (red & Ovp #2 Ovp #4
black)
30. 1 Gr blue 1.440 4,50 € 3,25 € Small ΕΛΛΑΣ Gothic ΕΛΛΑΣ
“Provisional”
31. 1 Gr rose 1.556 4,50 € 3,25 €
32. 1 Gr green 1.825 7,00 € 5,25 € Ovp #3

33. 1 Gr violet 2.942 4,50 € 3,25 € ΕΛΛΑΣ Provisional
52
Ovp #5
Large ΕΛΛΑΣ
Hermes – Mercury (Didrachma coin from Sybri-

ta) 400 – 300 BC
Diverse
1900, 1 Mar. Perforation: 14 ½ 
1900 Perf.: 14 ½
Tech: Engr Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. London
Printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co.
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
1. 1 l Violet brown 1.500.000 0,25 € 0,25 €
2. 50 l Lilac 50.000 3,60 € 2,20 € R01. 1 l Orange

Hermes, nude but for headband and cloak hanging over his shoulders, standing left, his right foot
on a rock, leaning forward and tying the laces of the sandal on his right foot. The gods on this coin R02. 5 l Orange
are perfect examples of the late classical artistic style of the later 4th century. Dionysos has perfect
parallels from Greek painting, as on late Attic and Campanian Red Figure pots, and on the famous R03. 20 l Orange
mosaic from the House of the Masks on Delos. Hermes reflects a more sculptural tradition, and is
R04. 50 l Orange
probably the best representation we have of the famous Hermes tying his sandal by Lysippos,
otherwise only known from later marble copies with extraneous supports. R05. 1 D Orange
Hera (Didrachma coin from Cnossos) 350 – 200 R06. 2 D Orange

BC
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 5 l Green 1.000.000 1,25 € 0,30 €
4. 20 l Carmine rose 1.000.000 4,75 € 0,90 €

Diverse
Head of Hera, wearing stephanos with floral ornaments
1900, 1 Mar. Perforation: 14 ½  Technique:
Thalos (Coin from Phaistos) 400 – 300 BC
Unwmk Designer:
Printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. Sheet: ** ∘
7. 50 l Ovp 1 (R) on stamp # 2 2,00 € 1,25 €
Designer:
8. 1 D Ovp 1 (R) on stamp # 5 13,00 € 11,00 €
9. 2 D Ovp 1 (R) on stamp # 6 25,00 € 25,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
5. 1 D Gray violet 7.500 27,50 € 25,00 €

Phaistos, west of Gortyna, one of the most ancient and important towns of Crete. Many of its types
relate to Herakles, father (or grand-father) of Phaistos, the eponymous hero. Thalos (or Thalon),
the wondrous man of brass made by Hephaestos, was the guardian of Crete, who daily perambu-
lated the island and hurled stones at strange vessels that approached it.
King Minos (Coin from Phaistos) 400 – 350 BC

Diverse
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Unwmk Designer:
Printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. Sheet: ** ∘
6. 2 D Brown 5.000 9,00 € 7,75 € 10. 50 l Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 2 2,00 € 1,25 €
In Greek mythology, Minos (in Greek Μίνως, genitive Μίνω) was a mythical king of Crete, son of 11. 1 D Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 5 12,50 € 4,50 €
Zeus and Europa. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades. The Minoan civili-
zation has been named after him. By his wife, Pasiphaë, he fathered Ariadne, Androgeus, Deuca- a Inv. Ovpt 450,00 € 450,00 €
lion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis, and many others.
Minos, along with his brothers, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, was raised by King Asterion (or As- 12. 2 D Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 6 22,50 € 22,50 €
terius) of Crete. When Asterion died, he gave his throne to Minos, who banished Sarpedon and
(according to some sources) Rhadamanthys too.
It is not clear if Minos is a name or if it was the Cretan word for "King". Scholars have noted the in-
teresting similarity between Minos and the names of other ancient founder-kings, such as Menes
of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, Manu of India, and so on. There is a name in Linear A mi-nu-te that
may be related to Minos
53
Hera & Hermes - Mercury Mycenaean seal

1901, Jan. Perf.: 14 ½ 1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½ 
Tech: Engr Unwmk Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. Printer:
13. 20 l Orange 4,75 € 0,90 € 16. 2 l Vio brn 1,90 € 0,45 €
14. 50 l Ultramarine 13,50 € 13,00 € Potnia theron - Lady of the animals.

A famous seal impression from Knossos shows a female figure holding a staff and standing on top
of a cairn or rocky hill. She is flanked by antithetic lions, beyond which are a shrine on one side
and a saluting male on the other.
Vritomartis (Cortyna coin)

1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½ 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
17. 5 l Yel green 4,75 € 0,45 €

Britomartis is among the Minoan goddess figures that passed through the Mycenaeans' culture
into classical Greek mythology, with transformations that are unclear in both transferrals.For the
Greeks Britomartis ("sweet maid", "good maiden", "sweet virgin" or Diktynna (derived by Hellenis-
tic writers as from diktya, "hunting nets") was a mountain nymph (an oread) whom Greeks recogni-
zed also in Artemis and in Aphaea of Aegina. Britomartis was worshipped as the Minoan goddess
of mountains and hunting, an aspect of Potnia, the "Mistress".
The oldest aspect of the Cretan Goddess was as Mother of Mountains, who appears on Minoan
Diverse seals with the demonic features of a Gorgon, accompanied by the double-axes of power and grip -
ping divine snakes. Her terror-inspiring aspect was softened by calling her Britomartis, the "good
1900, 1 Mar. Perforation: 14 ½ virgin", a euphemism to allay her dangerous aspect. Every element of the Classical myths that told
of Britomartis served to reduce her power and scope, even literally to entrap her in nets (but only
because she "wanted" to be entrapped). The traditional patriarchal bias of Greek writers even
Technique: Engraved Unwmk made her the "daughter" of Zeus (see below), rather than his patroness when he was an infant in
her cave on Mount Dikte, and they made her own tamed, "evolved" and cultured Olympian aspect,
Designer:
the huntress Artemis, responsible for granting Britomartis goddess status, a mythic inversion. But
the ancient goddess never quite disappeared and remained on the coins of Cretan cities, as her -
self or as Diktynna, the goddess of Mount Dikte, Zeus' birthplace. As Diktynna, winged and now
** ∘ represented with a human face, she stood on her ancient mountain, and grasped an animal in
Sheet:
each hand, in the guise of Potnia, the Mistress of animals. Later Greeks could only conceive of a
mistress of animals as a huntress, but on the early seals she suckles griffons. Archaic representa-
tions of winged Artemis show that she evolved from Potnia theron, the Mistress of Animals.
R09. 20 l X perf. On #4
Exist Postal Stationery (PS12) in 1912
R09a 20 l ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ (serif)
Kydon and dog (Cydonia coin)
R09b 20 l ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ (roman) 1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½ 
R10a 50 l ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ
ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ Designer:
R10aa 50 l ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
Printer:
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ / ΦΟΡΟΧ
ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ Sheet: ** ∘
R10b 50 l ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ 18. 20 l Bl green 5,25 € 1,00 €
ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ
Triton (Itanos coin)
R11a 1 D ΧΕΤ / Φορος
έπιηδεύματος 1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½ 
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ Technique: Engraved Unwmk
R11b 1 D ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ Designer:
ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ Printer:
R12a 2 D Φορος / έπιηδεύματος Sheet: ** ∘
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ 19. 25 l Ultramarine 4,75 € 1,00 €
ΧΕΤ Triton (Τρίτων, gen: Τρίτωνος) is a mythological Greek god, the messenger of the sea. He is the
son of Poseidon, god of the sea, and Amphitrite, goddess of the sea, whose herald he is. He is
usually represented as a merman, having the upper body of a human and the tail of a fish, "sea-
Hera hued", according to Ovid "his shoulders barnacled with sea-shells".
Like his father, he carried a trident. However, Triton's special attribute was a twisted conch shell,
1904, 18 Nov. Perforation: 14 ½ on which he blew like a trumpet to calm or raise the waves. Its sound was so terrible, that when
loudly blown, it put the giants to flight, who imagined it to be the roar of a mighty wild beast
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
15. 5 l Surch on # 13 5.000 4,50 € 0,85 €
a Without 5 at right 100,00 € 50,00 €
54
Ariadne (Cnossos coin)

Hermes (by Praxiteles)
1907, 15 Aug Perforation: 14 
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
20. 50 l Yell brn 7,00 € 4,75 €
24. 10 l Brown red 5,00 €
According to an Athenian version of the legend, Minos attacked Athens after his son was killed
there. The Athenians asked for terms, and were required to sacrifice seven young men and seven
maidens every nine years to the Minotaur. One year, the sacrificial party included Theseus, a
PS01 Hermes
young man who volunteered to come and kill the Minotaur. Ariadne fell in love at first sight, and
helped him by giving him a sword and a ball of red fleece thread that she was spinning, so that he
could find his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth. 1908, 15 Mar. 
Print:
Rape of Europe (Cortyna coin)
10 l brn red
** ∘
30,00 € 50,00 €
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
21. 1 D Rose car & dk brn 50,00 € 50,00 €

Greece stamp on stamp
PS02 Hermes
Minos palace 1908, 15 Mar. 

1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½  Print:
Technique: Engr Unwmk 10 l brn red
Designer: ** ∘
Printer: 30,00 € 50,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
22. 3 D Orange & blk 50,00 € 40,00 €

The palace of Cnossos is about 130 meters on a side and since the Roman period has been sug -
gested as the source of the myth of the Labyrinth, an elaborate mazelike structure constructed for
King Minos of Crete and designed by the legendary artificer Daedalus to hold the Minotaur, a crea-
ture that was half man and half bull and was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus. PS03 Hermes
Labyrinth may have come from labrys, a Lydian word referring to a double, or two-bladed, axe. Its
representation had religious and probably magical significance. It was used throughout the Myce- 1908, 15 Mar.
naean world as an apotropaic symbol, that is, the presence of the symbol on an object would pre- 
vent it from being "killed". Axes were scratched on many of the stones of the palace. It appears in
pottery decoration and is a motif of the Shrine of the Double Axes at the palace, as well as of Print:
many shrines throughout Crete and the Aegean
The great palace was built gradually between 1700 and 1400 BC, with periodic rebuildings after 10 l + 10 l brn red
destruction. Structures preceded it on Kephala hill. The features currently most visible date mainly
to the last period of habitation, which Evans termed Late Minoan. The palace has an interesting la- ** ∘
yout[3] - the original plan can no longer be seen because of the subsequent modifications. The
1300 rooms are connected with corridors of varying sizes and direction, which is different than 50,00 €
other palaces of the time period which connected the rooms via several main hallways. The
6 acres (24,000 m2) of the palace included a theatre, a main entrance on each of its four cardinal
faces, and extensive storerooms (also called magazines). The storerooms contained pithoi (large
clay vases) that held oil, grains, dried fish, beans, and olives. Many of the items were created at
the palace itself, which had grain mills, oil presses, and wine presses. Beneath the pithoi were sto-
ne holes used to store more valuable objects, such as gold. The palace used advanced architectu-
ral techniques: for example, part of it was built up to five stories high.
Mount Ida
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
23. 5 D Olive grn & blk 25,00 € 20,00 €

Mount Ida, known variously as Idha, Ídhi, Idi, Ita and now Psiloritis, is the highest mountain on Cre -
te. Located in the Rethymno Prefecture, it is sacred to the Greek Titaness Rhea, and on its slopes,
according to legend, lies the cave in which Zeus was born. It is the mountain with the highest topo-
#30
graphic prominence in Greece. Interesting features are the plateau of Nida and the forest of Ruva #32
on the east side. The observatory of the University of Crete is located on the secondary peak Ski- #33
nakas. "Psiloritis" means "highest".
Mount Ida is the locus for a race of legendary ancient metal workers, whose roots are also asso- Diverse
ciated with Cyprus.
1908, 21 Sep. Perf.: 14 ½
Tech: Engr Unwmk

Designer:
Printer:
#31
#29
Sheet: ** ∘
55
25. 1 l Ovp 2 on # 1 0,60 € 0,50 €
Ovp ΕAΛΑΣ 4,00 € 4,00 € PS06 Hermes

a
b Inverse Σ 6,00 € 6,00 € 1908, 6 Oct. 

c Ovp ΕΛΛΔΣ 8,00 € 8,00 € Print:
26. 2 l Ovp 2 on # 16 0,65 € 0,50 € 10 l + 10 l brn red
a Double ovp 15,00 € 15,00 €
** ∘
b Inverse Σ 6,00 € 6,00 €
40,00 €
27. 5 l Ovp 2 on # 17 0,65 € 0,50 €
a Inverse Σ 8,00 € 8,00 €
b Ovp ΕΛΛΔΣ 8,00 € 8,00 €
28. 20 l Ovp 2 on # 18 4,50 € 0,70 €
29. 50 l Ovp 2 on # 19 11,00 € 4,00 € Hermes – Mercury, Hera
30. 1 D Ovp 2 on # 20 55,00 € 55,00 € 1909, Jan. Perf.: 14

31. 2 D Ovp 2 on # 21 10,50 € 10,50 € Tech: Engr Unwmk
a Ovp ΛΛΛΣ 30,00 € 30,00 €
Designer:
32. 3 D Ovp 2 on # 22 30,00 € 30,00 €
Printer:
33. 5 D Ovp 2 on # 23 30,00 € 30,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
35. 1 l Ovp 3 on # R01 1,75 € 1,75 €

Hermes (by Praxiteles)
36. 5 l Ovp 3 on # 13 1,75 € 1,00 €
37. 5 l Ovp 3 on # 4 100,00 € 125,00 €
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
34. 10 l Ovp 2 on # 24 100.000 7,00 € 4,75 €
a pair one without ovp 25,00 €
b invert. ovp 25,00 €

Diverse
c double ovp 35,00 €
1909, Mar.
d Ovp ΛΛΛΣ 10,00 € 10,00 €
Perf.: Diverse 
e Inverse Σ 10,00 € 10,00 €
Tech.:
PS04 Hermes Unwmk
1908, 6 Oct.  Designer:
Print:
38. 10 l Ovp 4 on # 24 4,75 € 1,25 €
10 l brn red
a Invert ovp 75,00 € 75,00 €
** ∘
39. 20 l Ovp 4 on # 18 6,25 € 1,25 €
35,00 € 50,00 €
40. 50 l Ovp 4 on # 20 10,00 € 5,25 €
41. 2 D Ovp 4 on # 6 11,00 € 11,00 €
42. 3 D Ovp 4 on # 22 80,00 € 75,00 €
43. 5 D Ovp 4 on # 23 25,00 € 25,00 €
PS05 Hermes
PS07 Hermes
1908, 6 Oct.  1909. 
Print:
Print:
10 l brn red
10 l brn red
** ∘
** ∘
35,00 € 50,00 €
20,00 € 12,00 €
56
PS10 Hermes
PS08 Hermes
1912, 20 Apr. 
1909. 
Print:
Print:
5 l on 10 l brn red
10 l brn red
** ∘
** ∘
30,00 € 130,00 €
20,00 € 12,00 €
PS09 Hermes PS11 Hermes
1909. 1912, 20 Apr. 


Print: Print:
10 l + 10 l brn red 5 l on 10 l brn red
** ∘ ** ∘
50,00 € 30,00 € 150,00 €
PS12 Vritomartis
1912 
Print:
5l
** ∘
CROATIA, GERMAN
OCCUPATION
Diverse Hermes - Mercury

1909 - 1910. Perforation: Diverse  Technique: 1944, 3 Feb. Perforation: 11 ¼ 
Unwmk Designer: Technique: Unwmk
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
44. 1 l Ovp #5 on #1 0,45 € 0,25 € Printer:
45. 2 l Ovp #5 on #16 0,45 € 0,25 € Sheet: ** ∘
46. 5 l Ovp #5 on #17 0,45 € 0,25 € 1. 24+12 k Rose red 339.260 0,35 € 0,90 €
a Imperf. 9,00 €
47. 10 l Ovp #5 on #24 0,85 € 0,25 €
48. 20 l Ovp #5 on #18 3,00 € 0,70 €
49. Ovp #5 on #19 3,50 € 0,75 €

CROATIA
25 l
50. 50 l Ovp #5 on #20 9,00 € 6,75 €
51. 1 D Ovp #5 on #21 60,00 € 60,00 € (1991-)

52. 3 D Ovp #5 on #22 50,00 € 50,00 €
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 5,026,995. A district of northern Yugoslavia, bordering on
53. 5 D Ovp #5 on #23 45,00 € 45,00 € the Adriatic Sea. Croatia was a province of Hungary until 1918, when it became a part of Yugosla -
via. In 1941, a German puppet state was created in Croatia. Nominally a kingdom under an Italian
a Inv. ovp 85,00 € prince, in fact the state was ruled by the Croat fascist party. Croatia was overrun by Russian and
Yugoslavian partisan forces in 1945 and re-incorporated into Yugoslavia. In 1991 Croatia declared
its independence, and there followed a civil war between ethnic Serbs and Croats. Initially, the
Serbs, with Yugoslav support, controlled about one-third of the country, declaring their territory the
republic of Krajina, which issued its own stamps. By 1995, the Croatian government had recaptu-
red almost all of the Serb-held areas.
57
Diocletian's palace in Split (Spalatum)

Archaeological Museum in Split
1995, 20 Apr. Perforation: 14  Technique:
Unwmk Designer: Danijel Popovic
Designer: Boris Ljubicic Print: Zrinski - Čakovec Sheet: 2 ** ∘
Printer: Zrinski - Čakovec 3a 13,40 K Multicolor 100.000 3,80 € 3,50 €

After he nearly died of an illness, the Roman Emperor Diocletian (ruled AD 284 to 305), great re-
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ former of the late Roman Empire, decided to retire from politics in AD 305. The Emperor ordered
work to begin on a retirement palace near his hometown, and since he was from the town of Dio-
1. 1000 d Multicolor 0,45 € 0,45 € clea he chose the harbor near Salona for the location. Work on the palace began in AD 293 in rea-
diness for his retirement from politics. The palace was built as a massive structure, much like a
Roman military fortress. It faces the sea on its south side, with its walls 170 to 200 meters (570 to
Theme: Archaeological Museum in Split 700 feet) long, and 15 to 20 meters (50 to 70 feet) high, enclosing an area of 38,000m² (9½ acres).
The palace water supply was substantial, fed by an aqueduct from Jadro Spring. This opulent pa-
City: Zagreb lace and its surroundings were at times inhabited by a population as large as 8,000 to 10,000 peo-
ple, who required parks and recreation space; therefore, Diocletian established such outdoor are-
Text: 1893-1993 / Muzej Hrvatskih / Archeoloskih Spo- as at Marjan hill. The palace was finished in AD 305
menika u Splitu
HRV_19931027 FDC 3,00 € Theme: Diocletian's palace in Split (Spalatum)
City: Split
Text: 1700 / Godina Grada Splita
Congress of Early Christian Archaeology
HRV_19950420 FDC 3,00 €
1994, 3 Feb. Perforation: 13 ¾; 10 ¾ 
Designer: Hrvoje Šercar, Danijel Popovic Electra
Printer: Zrinski - Čakovec 1997, 18 Dec. Perforation: 13 ¼ 

Sheet: ** ∘ Technique: Offset Unwmk
Designer: Zlato Keser
Printer: AKD - Hrvatski tiskarski zavod
2. 4 K Multicolor 350.000 1,50 € 1,10 € ** ∘
Sheet:
Motif: of Resurrection on a lunette from Gati near Omiš Recent congress meetings on Early Chris-
tian Archeology have been held every five years, giving opportunities to approximately 500 people 4. 1 K Multicolor 350.000 0,40 € 0,30 €
from about 30 countries to gather and exchange information on Ancient Roman Period. This year, DOMINKO ZLATARIĆ (1558 - 1613) On the occasion of the 400th Anniversary of the issue of his
we are celebrating the 100th anniversary of the first congress which took place in Split. This year three dramatic poetic translations Dominko Zlatarić is the representative of the last generation of
the congress is from 25 Sep. to 10 Oct. Archeology is a discipline with a long tradition in Croatia, a poets who have continued their work in Croatian poetry based on the obsolescent principles of the
country that can boast a great number of prominent scholars and experts and a rich archaeological Renaissance, those who have introduced certain elements of mannerism into their composition,
heritage. Its tribute are the research works in the field of Early Christian Archeology, a discipline themes and style. Zlatarić was born in 1558 in a wealthy bourgeois family in Dubrovnik, at the time
established and furthered by G.B. de Rossi, a prominent Italian archaeologist, famous for his stu- when Marin Držić already reached the height of his comediographic achievement. He studied phi-
dies of Rome’s archaeological monuments from the Early Christian Period. At the same time in losophy and medicine in Padua. His literary success was particulary marked in 1597 in Venice,
Croatia (1894) Frane Bulić was the indisputable authority in this field and a tireless promotor and when he published three of his poetic translations in one book. The three translations refer to the
organizer of archaeological research of Early Christian monuments and the necropolis in Marusi- above mentioned "Aminta", and also "Tragedy of Electra" and "Death of Pyramus and Thisbe",
nac, Split and Solin. He organized the first International Congress on Early Christian archeology in with titles in the dialectal form of Croatian as it was used in Dubrovnik at that time.
1894. The excavations proved that in the beginnings of Christianity (V-VI cent.). Salona was a ma-
jor trading and cultural center on the western region around the Mediterranean Sea in the Ancient
Roman Period. Other famous archaeological sites - in the first place Poreč, with the well known Euphrasian basilica in Porec
Euphrasian basilica - put Croatia among the countries with a rich Ancient Roman heritage.
1999, 25 Jun. Perforation: 14 
Diocletian's palace in Split (Spalatum) Technique: Offset Unwmk
1995, 20 Apr. Perforation: 14  Designer: Hrvoje Šercar
Technique: Offset Unwmk Printer: AKD - Hrvatski tiskarski zavod
Designer: Danijel Popovic Sheet: 12 ** ∘
Printer: Zrinski - Čakovec 5. 4 K Multicolor 1,10 € 1,10 €

Sheet: 6x3 ** ∘ A traveler, having traveled far and wide, said that Istria should be visited if only for the Poreč Euph -
rasian basilica. Indeed, after St Paul's basilica in Rome was destroyed in a fire in 1823, the Poreč
3. 1 K Multicolor 495.000 0,50 € 0,50 € basilica is the only early Christian basilica in the Western Christendom which has completely pre-
served its ancient architecture. Its archaeological layers, richness and beauty of its marble decora-
tion, mosaics, stuccoes and the building itself, make it an outstanding example of early Christian
architecture in the Mediterranean. The Poreč basilica has a nave and two aisles, separated from
the nave by slender pillars with various capitals supporting graceful arches. The nave and the ais -
les have an apse each, but the nave is distinguished by its special beauty and exquisite mosaics.
Even today these famous mosaics impress the visitors by their beauty and harmony. Above the
triumphal arch is the mosaic of Christ with the twelve apostles. On the arch of the apse, as a coun-
terpoint to the apostles are twelve medallions with virgins and martyrs. In the center of the apse is
the Virgin with Child with angels on both sides; next to them on one side is the bishop Euphrasius
holding a model of the basilica, with his relatives, and St Maurus bishop, and on the other side the-
re are three saints. Below them, on the left and on the right, in reach mosaics are presented the
scenes of the Annunciation, and the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. The Euphrasian basilica, the
bishop's palace, the baptistery, the Cella Trichora, i. e. the memorial chapel or the mausoleum of
the bishop Maurus - all these belong to the unique complex of the Euphrasian basilica. This com-
plex represents an outstanding value not only for its antiquity and the state of preservation, but for
the artistic values which have resisted the ravages of time to the present day. The unique beauty
of the apse and of the triumphal arch, enriched by incrustations from pagan temples, stuccoes,
plastic art and paintings from the Renaissance and the Baroque, make both the Euphrasian basili-
ca and its adjacent buildings a unique piece of architecture which was put under UNESCO protec-
tion in 1997
58
to be buried, particularly church dignitaries. The entire locality was given the name Manastirine (in
the local dialect the name is derived from the word monastery). Following the acceptance of Chris-
Discovered of Krapina's tianity as a recognized and tolerated religion after the edict of Milan in 313, the locality turned into
Neanderthals and Dragutin one of the main Christian centres of old Salona. Within its walls a cathedral was built, and outside
Gorjanovic-Kramberger the city a number of basilicas where martyrs used to be buried and furtively worshipped. On the
Manastirine locality, in the place of the earlier, more modest chapels, the so called memories, a
1999, 23 Aug. Perf.: 14  magnificent basilica was built around which a spacious graveyard was spread. After the destruc-
tion of Salona at the beginning of the 7th century, the basilica at Manastirine had also fallen into
Tech: Offset Unwmk ruin, though it never stopped being remembered as the place of the burial of the bishop and martyr
Domnius. At the beginning of the 7th century, fearing the advent of barbarians, the relics of the
Designer: Nikola Šiško martyrs from Salona were transferred to Rome. But the inhabitants of Split, the settlement that de-
veloped next to the nearby Diocletian’s palace, have never forgotten the Christian tradition of
Printer: AKD - Hrvatski tiskarski za- Salona. The legends from Split render the transfer of the bodies of St.Domnius and St. Anastasius
vod to Split. Since the Early Middle Ages, St. Domnius was worshipped as the patron saint of Split.
The Split cathedral was originally a pagan temple, where Emperor Diocletian was probably buried,
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ but now, at the two altars with two sepulchres, the bodily relics of the two martyrs from Salona are
being worshipped. Since the Middle Ages up to our times St. Domnius and St. Anastasius have
6. 1,80 K Multicolor 350.000 0,50 € 0,50 € been central topics of the religious and cultural life of Split. Numerous pages in Latin, Italian and
Croatian have been written about these two saints. Furthermore, many compositions, prayers,
7. 4 K Multicolor 350.000 0,50 € 0,50 € hymns, even an oratorio have been written, and St. Domnius has got mentioned in many epitaphs.
His cult has spread outside Split. Special attention, naturally, has been paid to the saints’ tombs –
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, the well-known Croatian natural scientist, geologist and palaeon- altars in the cathedral. St. Domnius’s tomb has been built by master Bonino from Milan in 1427,
tologist, discovered "strange bones" in the excavations of sand on the location called Brieg Hušn- while the other one, St. Anastasius’s, was carved in stone by Georgius Dalmaticus (Juraj Dalmat-
jakovo in Krapina. The remains that he found were some bones of the primitive man, traces of a fi- inac) in 1448. St. Anastasius is presented with the millstone, the attribute of his martyrdom. On the
replace, flint-stone artefacts and numerous bones of antedeluvian animals - all of these findings other hand, St. Domnius is presented in many pictures in his bishop’s attire, with a palm branch in
proving that this pre-historic site originated from an exceptionally great, Pleistocene Age. Immedia- his hand indicating the glory of martyrdom. Frequently we find St. Domnius holding the city of Split
tely following the first excavations of the Krapina site, which lasted up to 1905, after a universal in his palm, often depicted very authentically. As a matter of fact, genuine cities must necessarily
elaboration and research of precious findings, Gorjanović-Kramberger decided that these palaeon- have their patron saints, and Split is actually looking after his earthly relics. The Split bishopric has
tological and archaeological remains originate from the Paleolithic, the Old Stone Age, and that in the course of time been raised to the status of archbishopric, thus inheriting the traditions of the
they belong to the Neanderthal man who lived here in the great Last Interglacial Age, or, as we one from the times of Salona. Moreover, the Split archbishops used to have the title of the primate
presently know, at the time reaching 130 thousand years back. The collection of the early man of Croatia. The long tradition of Split is veritably remarkable, and it is no wonder that the citizens of
from Krapina is the greatest palaeontological collection ever accumulated at some Neanderthal Split are proud of their patron saint.
habitat, and this is the source of a great amount of scientific information on pre-historic European
people. The collection includes remains of various body fragments, from skull bones to feet bones.
Almost nine hundred bones, more or less complete, belonged to tens of different individuals, male Theme: Martyrdom of Dt. Domnius
or female persons of different ages. Together with the human remains of the early man, the collec -
tion also contains remnants of stone artefacts, most often flint scrapers and small knives that could City: Zagreb
be ascribed to the Mousterian Neanderthal culture. Numerous bones of extinct animals prove that
there were many changes in the environment, but they also mean that the Neanderthal man was a Text: 1700 Godina Od Mucenicke Smrti / Svetoga Duj-
skilful hunter and nomad. The Krapina collection of the early man is placed in the Dragutin Gorja- ma
nović-Kramberger's Geological-palaeontological Department of the Croatian Natural Sciences Mu-
seum and is definitely the most precious holding of Croatian natural and cultural heritage as well HRV_20040507 FDC 3,00 €
as part of the world heritage. Together with other findings in Central Europe, the collection can pro-
ve many regional features of evolution of European pre-historic men within the time range of al-
most 2000 years. Considering the data obtained from the multitude of patterns, the Neanderthal
men from Krapina within this framework represents the pivotal link and bases for the scientific con- Sculture of Livia Drusila (14-21 AD) from
cepts about the men from the geological past. Narona (Naro)
Theme: Neanderthals from Krapina 2005, 24 Feb. Perforation: 14 

City: Krapina Technique: Offset Unwmk
Text: Stota obljetnica otrica krapinskog pracovjeka / Designer: Maja Danica Pečanić
Filatelisticka izlozba
Printer: "Zrinski" - Čakovec
HRV_19990823_1 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
Sheet: 1 ** ∘
9. 10 K Multicolor 20.000
Theme: Neanderthals from Krapina
City: Krapina
Text: 100 obljetnica otrica krapinskog pracovjeka
HRV_19990823_2 FDC 3,00 €
Martyrdom of Dt. Domnius

2004, 7 May. Perforation: 14 
Designer: Orsat Franković and Ivana Vučić
Printer: "Zrinski" - Čakovec
Sheet: 20 ** ∘
8. 3,5 K Multicolor 300.000

Relief Martyr's of St. Domnius, Cathedral in Split Salona, standing in the place of today’s Solin in Sculture of Livia Drusila (14-21 AD) from Narona (Naro)
the vicinity of Split, used to be the capital of the large Roman province of Dalmatia, the borders of
which in the north reached as far as the edges of Panonia. Various pagan cults used to be wor- 2005, 24 Feb. Perforation: 14
shipped in this cosmopolitan city. Starting from the 1st century, there was also a small Christian
 Technique: Offset
community living in Salona. With the passage of times, this community was going to receive the
status of a bishopric. In the course of occasional persecutions in Salona, many Christians suffered Unwmk Designer: Maja Danica Pečanić
martyrdom. The bloodiest persecutions were those taking place at the time of Emperor Diocletian.
Some of the martyrs, among them a number of soldiers, were murdered in front of the bloodthirsty Printer: "Zrinski" - Čakovec Sheet: ** ∘
spectators in the amphitheatre of Salona. The martyr Anastasius (called St. Staš in the local dia-
lect), a dyer who had come from Aquileia, was thrown into the sea with a millstone tied to his neck. 9a 10 K Multicolor 20.000 9.
At the time of Diocletian in the year 304, the bishop of Salona called Domnius, Doimus (Duje or
Narona, Vid-Metković, Croatia; the head of the sculpture is the property of the Ashmolean Museum
Dujam in the local dialect) also fell victim to the persecutions. He had also, like numerous other
in Oxford. The city of Narona (now the village Vid near Metković, Croatia) was an important Ro-
heralds of the Faith, come from the East, from Syria. An epitaph has been preserved mentioning
man colony in the Neretva river valley, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic. Though Salona un -
bishop Domnius. Another epitaph mentions a nephew of his. Like the other martyrs, bishop Domni-
questionably used to be the centre of the Roman province of Dalmatia, since the Late Republican
us has not renounced his faith, which cost him a cruel martyrdom: beheading. According to the le-
era Narona played a more significant role in relation to south-eastern Europe, connecting the coast
gend, there were forty-five other martyrs from Dalmatia who had fallen victims in the same perse-
with the interior (particularly the area of the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina). Narona was
cution. The pious members of the Christian community took his body and furtively buried it outside
first mentioned in historical documents as early as the fourth century BC by Pseudo Scylax and
the city walls. The grave of their bishop and martyr turned into a place of worshipping the sacred
Theopompus, however in the mid-second century BC, according to archaeological excavations
memory. Next to the martyrs’ graves, eminent members of the Christian community of Salona used
from 1997, 1998 and 1999, there was an archaeologically attested emporium located at the top of
59
the Neretva river delta (Roman Naro, Greek Naron), on the very spot where the Roman forum of chart from the 16th century presented marked traits of Burnum as the ancient locality, but it did not
the Narona colony was to be built in the last decades of the first century BC. This place was of reach archeological interest until the 19th century, when it occupied the attention of renowned Cro-
strategic importance for the communication from the Adriatic toward the hinterland of the ancient atian archaeologists, father Lujo Marun and father Frane Bulić. The first excavations were conduc-
province of Dalmatia, as far as the rivers Sava and Danube. Narona was probably given the status ted by Austrian archeologists.
of colonia, a colony, by the emperor Augustus, though there is another rather well founded opinion The camp gained its final shape during the reign of Claudius around 50 A.D. Legio XI Claudia Pia
that it had already been a Julian colony, i.e. earlier than 27 BC. The city walls with towers were Fidelis left the camp some times between A.D. 42 and 67, probably A.D. 56-57 and was succee-
preserved. A number of partially explored country houses, (villae rusticae) in the immediate vicinity ded by Legio IIII Flavia Felix.
of the city walls show a considerable degree of interior decoration. The necropolis (burial grounds) According to some sources, a rebellion of Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus against the em-
from this early ancient period was not investigated, though many Roman Latin epitaphs were pre- peror Claudius AD 42 was started at this camp as well. After the last Roman legions had left the
served. The most impressive building on the wide forum is the Augusteum, discovered and exca- camp, it developed into a settlement of urban type.
vated in 1995 and 1996, at the locality of the former Plećaš’s barn. This small temple, with a cella The camp was completely destroyed when the emperor Justinian attempted to take it back from
and propyleaeum, on a raised plateau next to the forum, exactly at the spot where the Lower and the Ostrogoths in the 6th Century.
Upper city meet, had been erected for emperor Augustus round 10 BC. This is also the time when
the first statues in its interior with a simple black and white mosaic-covered floor had been erected.
These statues were erected on a constructed pedestal. It can be concluded that the Augusteum Theme: Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger
was destroyed in the late fourth century. The whole of the forum complex was already deserted.
Some Christian basilicas were constructed in the Lower city. The Augusteum at Narona, with its 15 City: Zagreb
preserved large statues out of, probably, the total of more than 20, represents the most numerous
group of Roman imperial statues that have been ever found. Beside the statue of Livia from the Text: 150 Obljetnica Rodenja / Draguntina Gorjanovica
Augustan period, by the new discovery of the head and torso join – shown on the Croatian Post Krambergera
postage stamp – another statue of Livia was also discovered, this one from the Tiberian period, 14
– 21 AD. The statue is 184 cm high/tall. The torso is made from Pentelic marble and the head Pa- HRV_20060330 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
rian. Livia Drusilla, born in 58 BC, died in AD 29, was first married to the Roman military leader Ti-
berius Claudius Nero and was the mother of emperor Tiberius and the military leader Nero Clau-
dius Drusus. In 38 BC she married Octavianus, the future emperor Augustus. The imperial gover - Theme: Dragutin Gorjanovic-
nor (pro-praetor) of the province of Dalmatia, Publius Cornelius Dolabella simultaneously erected Kramberger
two statues in Narona, the statue of Tiberius and the one of Livia, the latter now known under the
name “Oxford-Opuzen Livia”. Livia as the emperor’s mother had been highly honoured, more than City: Krapina
she had been in the Augustan period. When she was finally deified at the time of Claudius in AD
41, her cult in Narona has been built up even more, as a matter of fact two inscriptions from that Text: Dragutin Gorjanovic-
time mention her priest as sacerdos Divae Augustae. Livia’s cult in Narona, even before this disco- Kramberger / Hrvatski geolog i
very, was attested by inscriptions as well as the portrait exhibited at the Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford that was acquired for the museum by Sir Arthur Evans in Metković in 1878, (it was previ-
paleontolog / 150 Obljetnica
ously noted by Mihovil Glavinić in 1874). The marble head of Livia from the Ashmolean Museum, Rodenja / Filatelisticka izlozba
University of Oxford, has been on a several-year loan to the Archaeological Museum in Split where
it had been exhibited since December 18, 2000, thanks to the museum board, the Visitors of the HRV_20061025 CONMEMORA 3,00 €
Ashmolean Museum, and their director Dr Christopher Brown and the curator Professor Doctor Mi- TIVE
chael Vickers. By this generous contribution to the evaluation of Livia’s portrait and statue, the co-
llaboration of the two museums has been pointed out, the collaboration between the oldest British
and north-western European museum Oxford, and the one in Split, the oldest Croatian and south- Theme: Emperor Valens
eastern European one. Endeavouring to find the torso that would correspond to the Oxford head
has lasted for a long time and caused great media attention, both in Croatia and Britain. In the City: Vinkovci
London The Times four articles were written by Norman Hammond, professor at Boston University
and The Times archaeology correspondent: How a murderous matriarch lost her head, October Text: Rimski Car Valens / 328-378
25, 2000; Oxford thrilled by headless torso discovery, November 22, 2000; Two heads of Livia are
better than one, April 4, 2001; Body of evidence resolves the mystery of Livia’s head, June 20, HRV_20081222 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
2001 On January 22, 2001 it was undoubtedly attested that the join of the Oxford head and the tor-
so of the statue that was kept in Opuzen was perfect. The Opuzen torso was discovered earlier
than the year 1847 in Narona, most probably together with another statue, the one of Tiberius, la -
ter attested to have come from the Augusteum. The torso was first mentioned by Sir Gardner Wil- Theme: Amphitheater Pula (Colonia Pietas Iulia
kinson who had seen it in Opuzen and wrote about it in 1848. The director of the Archaeological Pola Pollentia Herculanea)
Museum in Split, Mihovil Glavinić, who noted the heads of Livia and Mercury in the autumn of
1874, also saw the torso in the same year. The statues were transferred to Opuzen in 1847 or City: Pula
some time earlier under the direction of the prefect of the district Anđelo Vidović and placed in his
house in Opuzen. Owing to the fact that the town of Opuzen had already lent the torso to the Ar- Text: 60 Godina / Filatelistickog / Drustva / “Arena”
chaeological Museum in Split, the “new” statue of the Oxford-Opuzen Livia was also displayed in
this museum on May 14, 2002. This statue was presented to the wider Croatian and European pu- Pula
blic owing to the great project of the Narona Augusteum exhibition that was realized by Emilio Ma-
HRV_20091009 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
rin, the leader of the excavations in Narona from 1988 to 2004. The exhibitions were accompanied
by four catalogues. The exhibition in Split, The Augusteum at Narona – the Siesta of the Narona
Emperors in Split was held from May 4 to June 15 2004. The Oxford exhibition The Rise and Fall
of an Imperial Shrine – Roman sculptures from the Augusteum at Narona was held from July 6 to
October 17 2004, the one in Barcelona Divo Augusto – La descoberta d’un temple roma a Croacia
– El descubrimiento de un templo romano en Croacia from November 4, 2004 to January 30,
2005. In Vatican the exhibition L’Augusteum di Narona – Roma al di la dell’Adriatico is held from
CUBA
February 22 to May 18 2005. In Zagreb the exhibition will be shown in the Gliptoteka HAZU (the
museum of the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences) from June 10 to December 31 2005. In
this way the Oxford-Opuzen Livia from Narona has turned into an excellent ambassador of Croa- (1855-)
tian archaeology and a good will ambassador between Croatia and Great Britain.
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 10,999,041. The largest island of the West Indies, loca-
ted south of Florida. Under Spanish rule from 1511-1898, Cuba was the scene of intense revolutio-
PS1 Pula, nary activity after 1868. In 1898, the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor precipitated the
Colonia Spanish-American War, which ended with the U.S. assuming trusteeship of the island. In 1902, the
Pietas Iulia Cuban republic became independent, although the United States actively intervened in Cuban af-
Pola fairs until the 1930s. In 1959 a liberal guerrilla movement, led by Fidel Castro, overthrew the re-
Pollentia pressive government of Fulgencio Batista, who had ruled Cuba since 1952. Castro, influenced by
his brother Raul and Che Guevera, soon began to purge the revolution of its non-Marxist ele-
Herculanea ments. The regime nationalized foreign holdings and began the program of collectivization that
took most of the agricultural sector out of private hands. A large number of Cubans preferred exile
2005, 1 Apr.  to the new order, and many hundreds of thousands have fled the island, most settling in the United
States. Castro linked Cuban policy closely with that of the Soviet Union, which soon established a
Print: strong military presence on the island. U.S.-Cuban relations deteriorated rapidly. In 1961, the Uni-
ted States backed an abortive invasion by a Cuban exile force, and in 1962 the discovery of nucle -
ar missiles at Soviet bases in Cuba brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of
war. The United States imposed a total trade embargo on Cuba in 1962, which was supported by
** ∘ the Organization of American States in 1963. In the years since, the Castro regime has improved
the standard of living in Cuba and has largely overcome illiteracy. Long dependent on massive So-
3,00 € viet economic support, the Cuban economy was badly shaken when the collapse of the Soviet
Union in the late 1980s ended economic aid. Tightened U.S. trade restrictions in 1992 and 1996
have made matters worse. Increasing popular discontent has forced the government to take steps
to liberalize the economy and to loosen some restrictions on emigration. The U.S. Treasury De-
Theme: Burnum municipium partment prohibits the importation of Cuban postage stamps into the United States through the
mail.
City: Kistanje
Text: 100 Godina Poste u Kistanjama / Ostaci Rinskog
Burnama
HRV_20060330 CONMEMORATIVE 2,00 €
Burnum is also popularly called Hollow Church (Šuplja Crkva) or Trojan's Town (Trojanov Grad).
The remains include a praetorium and the foundations of several rooms. Only two of the original
five arches have been preserved (at the end of the 18th c. Alberto Fortis mentioned three of them).
The Roman writer Plinius wrote about Burnum, as "fortress distinguished in wars". The Pagana
60
Wood-carved throne
Wmk #1 Wmk #2 Wmk #3 Wmk #4
Ritual effigy Stone carved figure

Hermes - Mercury
1936, 5 May. Perforation: 12 ½ Taino culture
Technique: Wmk 1 1963, 29 Jun. Perforation: 12 ½  Technique:
Designer: Wmk 3 Designer:

Printer: Waterlow & son LTD London Print: Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
6. 2 c Org & red brn 0,70 € 0,20 €
1. 10 c Deep claret 3,25 € 1,40 €
7. 3 c Ultra & red brn 0,80 € 0,30 €
a Imperf. 6,00 € 2,50 €
8. 9 c Rose & gray 1,50 € 0,50 €
Inca gate, Cuzco

Greek amphora
1937, 13 Oct. Perforation: 10 ñ 1964, Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Engr Wmk 2
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
2. 10 c Blue 4,50 € 4,50 €
8-I. 9 c Multicolor 0,80 € 0,50 €
Atlacatl
Portait from El Fayum
Technique: Wmk 3
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
** ∘ Printer:
Sheet:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 10 c Blue 4,50 € 4,50 €
9. 13 c Multicolor 2,50 € 0,80 €
“El Castillo” Chichen Itza
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
4. 10 c Orange 4,00 € 4,00 €

Homo habilis Australopithecus Pitecanthropus Sinanthropus
Ciboney indian africanus erectus pekinensis

Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
5. 1 c Yell green 0,25 € 0,25 €

Ciboney are pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants of Florida, Cuba, Bahamas, Haiti, Jamaica and
some of the Lesser Antilles. Their language Achagua is a member of the Arawak linguistic family of Neandertal Cro-magnon Homo sapiens –
South America. It is believed that the seafaring Ciboney originated from the Guajira Department of Lascaux cave
Colombia.
At the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492, there were twenty-nine principal Cacique (chieftain) terri- Human evolution
tories on Cuba. The largest Ciboney population was found in the chieftain of Habana. The Ciboney
were historical neighbors of the Guanajatabeys, Taino and Carib. 1967, 31 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½  Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
10. 1 c multicolor 0,30 € 0,10 €
11. 2 c multicolor 0,50 € 0,10 €
61
12. 3 c multicolor 0,50 € 0,10 € 23. 3 c multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Altamira cave Gold pectoral. Tolima Culture

1967, 28 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½ 1971, 20 Feb. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk Technique: Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Waterlow & son LTD London Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ ** ∘
Sheet:
17. 3 c Multicolor 0,40 € 0,10 €
27-I. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Aztec solar disk Same design in Colombia #41
1968, 21 Oct. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Coliseum
Technique: Unwmk
1971, 11 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½
Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
18. 30 c Multicolor 3,00 € 1,00 €
28. 13 c Multicolor 1,80 € 0,30 €
Swords combat
Ancient mail
1969, 2 Oct. systems
Perf.: 12 ½  1984, 24 Apr.
Tech.: Perf.: 12 ½ 
Egyptian Roman
Unwmk Tech.:
Designer: Chasqui Egyptian Unwmk
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
19. 1 c Multicolor 3,25 € 1,40 € Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
20. 2 c Multicolor 3,25 € 1,40 € 28-I. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
28-II. 30 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
#1 Ambrosio Cave, #3 Pichardo Cave, #4 Ambrosio Cave, #6 Garcia Ribiou Medicine man Potter
Playing ball Net and spear
Varadero, Matanzas Cubitas, Camagüey Varadero, Matanzas Cave, Havana preparing calumet fishing
Mountains and other ritual
items
#2 Cave nº 1, Punta del #5 Cave nº 1, Punta del #6 Cave nº 2, Punta del

Este, Isle of Pines Este, Isle of Pines Este, Isle of Pines
Cooking
Hunting Hollowing-out
Petroglyphs canoe, decorating
paddle
Taino culture
Unwmk Designer:
1985, 19 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½ x 13  Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
21. 1 c multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
22. 2 c multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
62
29. 1 c multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
30. 2 c multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
31. 5 c multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
32. 20 c multicolor 0,50 € 0,30 €
33. 30 c multicolor 0,80 € 0,50 €

Copan ruins and Maya idol. Chichen Itza Temple and Punta de Zapote megaliths
34. 50 c multicolor 3,50 € 1,00 € Zapotecan urn and Ometepe ceramic fig-
urine
35. 1 P multicolor 5,50 € 5,50 €
The Taínos were pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and
some of the Lesser Antilles. It is believed that the seafaring Taínos were relatives of the Arawakan
people of South America. Their language is a member of the Maipurean linguistic family, which
ranges from South America across the Caribbean, and is thought to have been part of the larger,
hypothetical group of Arawakan languages that would have spread over an even wider area. The
Taínos of the Bahamas were known as the Lucayan (the Bahamas being known then as the Luca-
yas), while those in Puerto Rico called themselves Boriquen.
Tonosi lidded ceramic bowl Ruins at Machu-Picchu and Teepees and triangular
Ancient mail system
and Barriles monoliths. Inca statue sculpture
1985, 24 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½
Precolumbian cultures
Technique: Unwmk
1986, 12 Oct. Perforation: 13
Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
35-I. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 € Fertility statue from Santa
Ana and Santo Domingo Sheet: ** ∘
Cave.
37. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
38. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
39. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
40. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
41. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
42. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
43. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
44. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
45. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €

She-wolf and roman galley 46. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
1985, 25 Sep. Perforation: 12 ½  Technique: 47. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
48. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €

Unwmk Designer:
49. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
50. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
36. 1 P multicolor 4,20 € 4,20 €
51. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
52. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 €
Inca vase and Tiahuanacu Diaguitan duck-shaped

Mayan dwelling and votive
sun gate pitcher and Pucara de
jade sculpture.
Quitor ruins
Tehuelche Indian of Tibirica Indian of Brazil. Lautaro Indian of Chile
Argentina,
San Agustin Archaeologic- Moler grinding stone and Tabaco idol and Indian
al Park megaliths and Chorotega ceramic figurine dwelling
Quimbayan sculpture Hatuey Indian of Cuba Enriquillo Indian of the
Calarca Indian of Colombia
Dominican Republic
Taino dwelling and chair Tolita statue and Ingapirca

Maya vase and Tikal
Castle ruins Ruminahui Indian of Tecun Uman indian of Anacoana, Indian of Haiti
Temple
Ecuador Guatemala
63
Nicarao Indian of
Lempira indian of Cuauhtemoc Indian of Nicaragua
Honduras Mexico.
Great wall
1995, 28 Aug. Perforation: 13  Technique:
Atahualpa Indian of Peru Atlacatl Indian of El Abayuba, indian of Ur-
Salvador uguay
Unwmk Designer:
Precolumbian indians Print: Sheet: ** ∘
1987, 12 Oct. Perforation: 13 72. 50 c multicolor 1,20 € 1,20 €
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Guaycaypuro, indian of
Venezuela Sheet: ** ∘
53. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
54. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Lighthouse of Alexandria Pyramids of Egypt Gardens of Babylon
55. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
56. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
57. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
58. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
59. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Colossus at Rhodes Statue of Zeus in Olympia
60. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus
61. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Seven wonders of the world
62. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
1987, 12 Oct. Perforation: 13
63. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Technique: Unwmk
64. 10 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
0,70 € 0,30 €
Designer:
65. 20 c Multicolor
66. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 € Printer:

Temple of Artemis at
Ephesus ** ∘
67. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 € Sheet:
68. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 € 73. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,10 €
74. 15 c Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €

Taino culture 75. 15 c Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
1989, 12 oct. 76. 15 c Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
Perf.: 12 ½ x 12  77. 65 c Multicolor 2,00 € 1,20 €
Tech.: 78. 65 c Multicolor 2,00 € 1,20 €

Stone carving, Indians in Petroglyph, Indian drawing 79. 75 c Multicolor 2,20 € 1,30 €
canoe on stone wall. Unwmk
The historian Herodotus (484 BC–ca. 425 BC), and the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca 305–
Designer: 240 BC) at the Museum of Alexandria, made early lists of seven wonders but their writings have
not survived, except as references. The earliest extant version of a list of seven wonders was com -
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ piled by Antipater of Sidon, who described the structures in a poem around 140 BC: A later list, un-
der various titles like De septem orbis spactaculis and traditionally misattributed to the engineer
69. 5 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,10 € Philo of Byzantium, may date as late as the fifth century AD, though the author writes as if the Co-
lossus of Rhodes were still standing.
70. 20 c Multicolor 0,80 € 0,30 € Antipater's original list replaced the Lighthouse of Alexandria with the Ishtar Gate. It was not until
the 6th century AD that the list above was used. Of these wonders, the only one that has survived
to the present day is the Great Pyramid of Giza. The existence of the Hanging Gardens has not
Cave painting been definitively proven. Records confirm that the other five wonders used to exist. The Temple of
Artemis and the Statue of Zeus were destroyed by fire, while the Lighthouse of Alexandria, Colos-
1990, 15 Jan. Perf.: 12 ½  sus, and Mausoleum of Maussollos were destroyed by earthquakes. There are sculptures from the
Mausoleum of Maussollos and the Temple of Artemis in the British Museum in London.
Tech: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
71. 30 c Multicolor 1,10 € 0,40 €

Australopithecus africanus Sinanthropus Pithecanthropus
64
Amathus coin (375 BC)

1928, 1 Feb. Perforation: 12 
Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
Designer:
Homo sapiens neanderthal Homo sapiens Cro- Homo sapiens Oberkassel Printer:
magnon
Sheet: ** ∘
Human evolution
1. 3/4 P Dark violet 3,00 € 1,10 €
1997, 30 Oct. Perforation: 12 ½ x 12 ¼  Technique: Amathus (Modern Greek Αμαθούς) was one of the most ancient royal cities of Cyprus, on the
southern coast in front of Agios Tychonas, about 24 miles west of Larnaca and 6 miles east of Li-
Unwmk Designer: massol. Its ancient cult of Aphrodite was the most important in Cyprus, her homeland, after
Paphos, though the ruins of Amathus are less well-preserved than neighboring Kourion.
Print: Sheet: ** ∘ The pre-history of Amathus mixes myth and archeology. Archeology has detected human activity
that is evident from 1100 BC. Its legendary founder was Cinyras, linked with the birth of Adonis,
80. 10 c multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 € who called the city after his mother Amathous. According to a version of the Ariadne legend noted
by Plutarch, Theseus abandoned Ariadne at Amathousa, where she died giving birth to her child
81. 15 c multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 € and was buried in a sacred tomb. According to Plutarch's source, Amathousians called the sacred
grove where her shrine was situated the Wood of Aphrodite Ariadne.
82. 15 c multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 € It was said in antiquity that the people of Amathus were autochthonous, or "Pelasgian". Their non-
Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary used down to the
83. 15 c multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 € fourth century BC. More purely Hellenic myth would have Amathus settled by one of the sons of
Heracles, accounting for the fact that he was worshipped there.
84. 65 c multicolor 2,20 € 1,20 € Amathus was built on the coastal cliffs with a view of the sea. It flourished and became a rich king-
dom since the early years of its settlement. During the post-Phoenician era of the eighth century a
85. 75 c multicolor 2,40 € 1,20 € port was also constructed there, which served the trade with the Greeks and the Levantines. High
on the cliff a temple was built, which became a special worship site to Aphrodite, the goddess of
Beauty and Love. The excavators discovered the final stage of the Temple of Aphrodite, which da-
tes approximately to the first century BC. According to the legend, it was where Adonia took place,
Theme: Human evolution in which athletes competed in hunting wild boars during sport competitions; they also competed in
dancing and singing, all to the honour of Adonis.
City: La Habana The earliest remains hitherto found on the site are tombs of the early Iron Age period of Graeco-
Phoenician influences (1000-600 B.C.). Amathus is identified with Kartihadasti (Phoenician "New-
Text: Prehistoria humana Town") in the Cypriote tribute-list of Esarhaddon of Assyria (668 B.C.). It certainly maintained
strong Phoenician sympathies, for it was its refusal to join the philhellene league of Onesilos of Sa-
CUB_19971030 FDC
lamis which provoked the revolt of Cyprus from Achaemenid Persia in 500-494 B.C, when
Amathus was besieged unsuccessfully and avenged itself by the capture and execution of Onesi-
laos. Herodotus reports
"Because he had besieged them, the Amathusians cut off Onesilaos’ head and brought it to
Amathous, where they hung it above the gates. As it hung there empty, a swarm of bees entered it
and filled it with honeycomb. When they sought advice about this event, an oracle told them to
CYPRUS
take the head down and bury it, and to make annual sacrifice to Onesilaos as a hero, saying that it
would be better for them if they did this. The Amathusians did as they were told and still perform
these rites in my day." (Histories 5.114)
About 385-380 B.C. the philhellene Evagoras of Salamis was similarly opposed by Amathus, in
(1880-) conjunction with Citium and Soli; and even after Alexander the city resisted annexation, and was
bound over to give hostages to Seleucus.
Its political importance now ended, but its temple of Adonis and Aphrodite (Venus Amathusia) re-
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 752,808. A large island in the eastern Mediterranean. Cy- mained famous in Roman time. The epithet Amathusia in Roman poetry often means little more
prus was a Turkish possession from 1571 to 1878. In 1878, the British occupied the island, for- than "Cypriote," attesting however the fame of the city.
mally annexing it in 1914. Tension between Greek and Turkish elements, each of which sought The wealth of Amathus was derived partly from its grain partly from its copper mines and sheep, of
union with their respective mother country, erupted into violence in 1955. An agreement between which traces can be seen inland.
Britain, Greece, Turkey and Cypriot leaders provided for the creation of an independent republic, Amathus was a rich and densely populated kingdom with a flourishing agriculture and mines situa-
with guarantees to the Turkish minority, and in 1960 independence was achieved. Continuing con- ted very close northeast Kalavasos. In the Roman era it became the capital of one of the four ad-
flict between Greek and Turkish factions led to the intervention of a United Nations peace-keeping ministrative regions of Cyprus.
force in 1964, which has since remained on the island. On July 15, 1974, a pro-Greek coup, led by
Greek army officers deposed the elected government. Five days later, Turkey invaded Cyprus and
quickly occupied the northeastern 40 percent of the island. In 1975, Turkish Cypriots in the occu- Zeno of Citium (335-263 BC)
pied area voted to establish a separate state. In 1983 this government declared its independence
as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 1928, 1 Feb. Perforation: 12 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
2. 1 P Prus blue & black 3,25 € 1,60 €

Zeno of Citium (Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieŭs) (333 BC - 264 BC) was a Greek philo-
sopher from Citium (Gr: Κίτιον), Cyprus. Zeno belongs to the Stoic school of thought of the Helle-
Wmk ARQ #1 Wmk ARQ #2 Surcharge ARQ nistic period. He was the son of a merchant and a student of Crates of Thebes, the most famous
Cynic living at that time in Greece. Zeno was also a merchant until the age of 42, when he started
#1
the Stoic school of philosophy. The story goes that, after a shipwreck, Zeno wandered into a bo-
okshop in Athens and was attracted to the works of Socrates. He asked the librarian how to find
the man. In response, the librarian pointed to Crates of Thebes, later to become his teacher. Na-
med for his teaching platform, the Stoa (Greek for "porch"), his teachings were the beginning of
Stoicism. None of Zeno's works have survived; however, his teachings have been passed on, in-
cluding his main concept that "tranquility can best be reached through indifference to pleasure and
pain".
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 Ovp ARQ #3 Vouni palace (5th BC)
Proclamation of the Decision by the UN General As-
Republic UN and its Securi- sembly’s resolu- 1934, 1 Dec. Perforation: 12 ½ 
ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ/ ty Council to help tion to mediate
ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ Ovp ARQ #4
restore the coun- the dispute be- Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
KIBRIS/ UN Security
try to normality tween Greeks and
CUMHURIYETI Council Resolu-
and to seek a so- Turks on Cyprus, Designer:
tion No. 353 to
lution of its prob- Dec. 18, 1965 end hostilities on
lems.
Cyprus Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 1/4 P Yel brn & ultra 1,10 € 0,55 €
a Imperf vert 24.000,00 €

The Vouni Palace was constructed in the 5th century by the Persian sympathizer Doxandros, the
king of the city of Marion, to keep the settlements supporting the Greeks (Soli) under control. The-
65
re are 137 rooms in the palace. These include the administrative sections, bedrooms, storerooms, a Perf. 13 ½ (1944) 350,00 € 25,00 €
offices and bath rooms. When the Persian rule in the region was replaced by the Greek rule in 449
B.C. the palace lost its function. The palace stood erect for seventy years, but was destroyed by
the people of Soli in 380 B.C., and was never reconstructed. Cisterns carved out of the rocks were
used to meet the demand for water. In some of the storerooms, holes for amphoras can be noti- Gymnasium of Salamis (480 BC)
ced. The baths are old examples of hot-baths. Excavations have brought to light eathenware jugs
blackened by the fire that destroyed the palace containing what has been described as ‘the Vouni
1951, 2 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½ 
treasure’. The treasure includes gold and silver bracelets, ornamented silver cups, and hundreds
of coins with the Marion, Kition, Lapithos and Paphos seals. The archaelogists have come across Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
signs of settlements belonging to the pre-neolithic age on the island of Petra tou Limniti visible
from Vouni. To the south of the palace are the remains of the Temple of Athena built towards the Designer:
end of the 5th century B.C. The temple has two courtyards and an enclosed sacred ground. The
holes in which the statues were placed is visible. The different sections of the Vouni remains are: Printer:
the entrance, the residential rooms, the courtyard with columns, the kitchen courtyard, the cistern,
granaries, baths, living rooms and offices. Sheet: ** ∘
9. 1/2 P Purple 0,50 € 0,20 €

Gymnasium of Salamis (480 BC)
1934, 1 Dec. Perforation: 12 ½  Hermes - Mercury
Technique: Engraved Wmk 1 1949, 10 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 

Designer: Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
4. 1/2 P Green 1,40 € 1,10 € Sheet: ** ∘
a Imperf vert 12.500,00 € 8.000,00 € 10. 1½ P Violet 0,40 € 0,75 €

Salamis The finding of some gold coins bearing the name of Evagoras, 411 to 374 BC, is the first
genuine evidence of the city's importance. A severe earthquake destroyed the city in 76 AD after
Hermes - Mercury
which the Gymnasium with its colonnaded Palaestra was built by Trajan and Hadrian. This is the
most monumental part of the site but columns differ in size because after the second great earth-
1949, 10 Oct. Perforation: 11 x 11 ½ 
quake of 331 AD, the Christians set up new columns which they dragged from the Roman theater.
The theater with 50 rows of seats and a seating capacity of 15,000 is the second most spectacular
sight. All around the buildings that have been excavated are many niches which contained marble
statues, and those that can be seen are headless. The archaeological site is the most spectacular
in the island because the ruins are very extensive and are in a wonderful state of preservation. For
Designer:
more than a thousand years, the Roman city of Salamis lay buried in sands which saved the site
from wanton destruction in the Middle Ages.
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Roman Thetre of Soli (2nd AC)
11. 3 P Indigo 0,80 € 1,10 €
1934, 1 Dec. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Engraved Wmk 1 Aphrodite beach
Designer: 1955, 1 Ago. Perforation: 11 ½ 

Printer: Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
5. 1 P Brn & blk 1,10 € 0,90 € Printer:
a Imperf vert 14.000,00 € 8.000,00 € Sheet: ** ∘
b Imperf hor 11.000,00 € 12. 20 m Utra & brn 0,95 € 0,25 €

Soli is located near the Lefke town. Soli was one of the ten ancient city kingdoms of Cyprus . Soli The Petra Tou Romiou (Rock of the Greek), or the Rock Of Aphrodite (as known in English), is a
Was built in the beginning of the sixth century BC. It is foundation is attributed to Solon. Solon was scenic place, located off the old Pafos-Lemesos road. It's a popular tourist spot, for its breathta-
the Greek and Solon is the founder of the Soli (ancient kingdom of Soli ). Soli was built near the king view of the sea, and more famously the birth place of Aphrodite. Legend has it that this is the
Xero's river for the economic reasons . Soli was one of the ancient kingdoms of Cyprus and played Rock from which Aphrodite mythically arose from the foams in the sea. It is widely believed that at
an important part in the history of the island during the revolt against the Persians but later all the the time when there existed only Ge, the Earth and Ouranos (Uranus), Ge asked one of her sons,
Cypriot cities were reduced by the pensions. It was destroyed by Arab invasions in the 7th century. Cronos (Kronos) to mutilate his father (Uranus). Obeying these instructions, Cronos proceeded to
The Roman theater of Soli occupies the site of the original Greek amphitheater on the northern cut off Uranus's testicles and throw them into the sea. From the sea arose white foams, from
slope of a hill overlooking the sea below. It has a capacity of some 4000 spectators. Its stage buil- which a maiden arose, the waves first taking her to Kythera and then bringing her to Cyprus. The
ding was of two storeys, covered with marble paneling and decorated with stoves. maiden, named Aphrodite then went to the assembly of gods from Cyprus. The Romans widely re-
Its semi circular auditorium has very good acoustic system . The excavation and restoration of the ferred to her as Venus
Roman theater of Soli was completed in 1962. The orchestra area was gained through two side
entrances at present this section is restored halfway from the stage building only a platform on
which. It was built has survived at the west of the theater on the nearby hill traces of the temples Coin of Paphos (5th BC)
dedicated to Aphrodite have been discovered. The famous statute of torso of the Aphrodite of Soli
was found here which is now in the Cyprus Museum in the Greek-Cypriot side of Nicosia. 1955, 1 Ago. Perforation: 11 ½ 
These days the Roman theater of Soli is used for the cultural activities such as concert and plays.
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
13. 25 m Aquamarine 1,90 € 0,45 €
Palace of Vouni Gymnasium of Paphos (Greek: Πάφος, Páfos; Latin: Paphus, briefly Augusta; Turkish: Baf) is a coastal city in the
Theatre of Soli
Salamis southwest of Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District. In antiquity, two locations were called
Paphos: Old Paphos and New Paphos. The currently inhabited city is New Paphos.
Archaeology Near Palaepaphos at the seaside of Petra-tou-Romiou is the mythical birthplace of Aphrodite, the
Greek goddess of love and beauty and the founding myth is interwoven with the goddess at every
level, so that Old Paphos became the most famous and important place for worshipping Aphrodite
1938, 12 May. Perforation: 12 ½  Technique: Engraved
in the ancient world. In Greco-Roman times Paphos was the island's capital, and it is famous for
the remains of the Roman governor's palace, where extensive, fine mosaics are a major tourist at-
Wmk 1 Designer: traction. The apostle Paul of Tarsus visited the town during the first century. The town of Paphos is
included in the official UNESCO list of cultural and natural treasures of the world's heritage.
6. 1/4 P Yel brn & ultra 0,20 € 0,20 €
7. 1/2 P Green 0,20 € 0,20 €
8. 1 P Orange 0,25 € 0,20 €
66
Roman temple of Apollo Hylates in Kou-

PS01 Coin of rion (1st AC)
Paphos
1955 ñ
Print:
Designer:
25 m
Printer:
** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
9,50 €
18. 30 m Lt blue & dk blue 1.970.015 0,25 € 0,20 €
Head of Aphrodite from Salamis (4th BC)

1962, 17 Sep. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Diverse
Printer:
1960, 16 Aug. Perf.: 11 ½  Sheet: ** ∘
Tech: Engr Wmk 1
Designer: 19. 35 m Dk blue & pale green 789.866 0,45 € 0,20 €
Aphrodite beach Coin of Paphos
Printer:
Gymansium of Salamis
Sheet: ** ∘
14. 20 m Ovp 1 on stamp # 12 465.617 0,50 € 0,20 €
a Double ovp 8.5000,00 € Technique: Litho Unwmk
15. 25 m Ovp 1 on stamp # 13 345.080 0,60 € 0,35 € Designer:

Printer:
PS01 Coin of
Sheet: ** ∘
Paphos
20. 50 m Olive bis & green 1.309.677 0,60 € 0,20 €
1960 ñ
Print:
25 m
** ∘
9,50 €
Temple of Apollo Gymnasium in Salamis
Ovp 1 on PS #1
Head of Apollo
Archaeology
Jug (7th BC)
1964, 5 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer:
Designer:
21. 10 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 17 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer:
22. 30 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 18 0,25 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
23. 50 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 20 0,50 € 0,35 €
16. 3 m Dk brn & salmon 4.594.407 0,20 € 0,25 €
Head of Apollo from Salamis (375 BC)

Temple of Apollo
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Head of Apollo
Jug
17. 10 m Slate grn & greenish 6.344.948 0,20 € 0,20 €
Archaeology
1966, 31 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer:
67
24. 3 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 16 0,20 € 0,20 € Theme: Architecture

25. 10 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 17 0,25 € 0,20 € City:
26. 30 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 18 0,25 € 0,25 € Text:
CYP_19640615 FDC 4,80 €
Jug
1966, 30 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Fragment of Mycenaean vase. Charioteer krater at Tel Dan

British Museum (Israel)
27. 5 m Surch on stamp #16 0,20 € 0,20 €
Ceres - Demeter Mycenaean

1963, 21 Mar. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  1964, 6 Jul. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  Technique: Litho
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Wmk 2 Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
32. 10 m Brn bis & blk 359.851 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
33. 25 m Gray, bl & blk 317.784 0,30 € 0,25 €
34. 75 m Red, blk & brn 243.165 0,75 € 0,80 €
28. 75 m Dk carm, gray 289.632 3,50 € 1,50 €
Soli theater Kourion theater

Salamis theater
Theaters
1964, 15 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13  Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer:
29. 10 m Multicolor 423.721 0,20 € 0,20 €
30. 35 m Multicolor 290.985 0,40 € 0,30 €
31. 50 m Multicolor 270.480 0,60 € 0,40 €

Kourion (Greek: Κούριον), also Curias (Pliny v. 13) or Latin: Curium, was a city in Cyprus, which
endured from antiquity until the early Middle Ages. Kourion is situated to the west of the river Ly-
cus, 16 M. P. from Amathus. (Peut. Tab.), and was recorded by numerous ancient authors inclu -
ding Ptolemy (v. 14. § 2), Stephanus of Byzantium, Hierocles, and Pliny the Elder.
Kourion was said to have been founded by the Argives. Stesenor, its sovereign, betrayed the cau- Mycenaean
se of his country during the war against the Persians. (Herod. l. c.) Near the town was a cape
(Φρούριον, Ptol. v. 14. § 2), from which sacrilegious offenders who had dared to touch the altar of 1964, 6 jul. Perforation: 14 x 13  Technique: Litho
Apollo were thrown into the sea. (Strab. l. c.).
Three kilometers form the city is the sanctuary of Apollo which has stunning Cypro-Corinthian co- Wmk 2 Designer:
lumns. On the same location there exists place of worship for a woodland god dating back to 6000
BC. In between Kourion and the sanctuary of Apollo a stadium that is around 400 m long is found; Print: Aspioti Elka, Co Ltd (Greece) Sheet: 3 ** ∘
this stadium could sit up to 7,000 spectators who would watch ancient Greek sports. This magnifi-
cent city is believed to have been destroyed in the 7th century when a series of 5 strong earthqua- 35. 250 m Multicolor 79.819 9,00 € 12,50 €
kes hit the city in a period of 80 years, and this inevitably brought an end to the city as it was
known.
The most spectacular site at Kourion is the Greco-Roman amphitheater, or forum, that has been
completely restored (with the Mediterranean as a backdrop) and is used today for open air musical Paphos mosaic. Dionysus and Acme drin-
and theatrical performances. king wine 3rd AC
Many artifacts were removed from Kourion by the notorious treasure hunter Luigi Palma di Cesno-
la in the late 19th century who served as Consul to Cyprus for the United States. These were 1964, 26 Oct Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
transported to the U.S. where they formed the bulk of the first exhibition of the New York Metropoli -
tan Museum of Art. Some are still on exhibition today. Thousands of other pieces however were Technique: Litho Wmk 2
sold to Stanford University and were destroyed by an earthquake that hit California in 1906. A third
portion of this collection ended up at the Semitic Museum at Harvard University. Designer:
Excavations were also conducted by several other expeditions. The British Museum enriched its
Cypriot artifact collection through excavations conducted during the British occupation of the island Printer:
between 1893 and 1899. The theatre was excavated by the University museum of Philadelphia in
1934. Sheet: ** ∘
36. 40 m Multicolor 399.289 0,85 € 1,25 €

Dionysos, Akme and Ikarios. Here the God is seated on a stool offering grapes to Nymph Akme,
who is drinking from a bowl. Next to her, Ikarios is leading an ox-driven cart loaded with flasks full
of wine. Behind the cart are two drunken men - "The First Wine Drinkers" - as the inscription above
them explains. It is interesting to point out that although the mosaics are of the Roman period, they
are inscribed with Greek writing.
68
According to some ancient authors, Ikarios was king of Athens but according to others he was a at the Battle of Citium, and he was compelled to flee to Salamis. Here, although closely blockaded,
gardener, which is what he appears to be on the mosaic. Ikarios offered hospitality to Dionysos Evagoras managed to hold his ground, and took advantage of a quarrel between the two Persian
when he was visiting Athens and in return the god taught him how to cultivate the wine and make generals to conclude peace (376). Evagoras was allowed to remain nominally king of Salamis, but
wine out of its fruit, introducing in this way viticulture to mankind. He warned him, however, to hide in reality a vassal of Persia, to which he was to pay a yearly tribute. The chronology of the last part
his wine well, otherwise disasters would befall himself and his family. Unfortunately, Ikarios did not of his reign is uncertain. In 374 he was assassinated by a eunuch from motives of private revenge.
heed the god's advice and, while returning home with his first vintage, offered wine to some According to Isocrates's panegyric, Evagoras was a model ruler, whose aim was to promote the
shepherds. The shepherds became intoxicated and, thinking themselves poisoned, attacked and welfare of his state and of his subjects by the cultivation of Greek refinement and civilization. Other
killed Ikarios. contemporary sources -- Diodorus Siculus 14.115, 15.2-9; Xenophon, Hellenica 4.8 -- are not as
This was a sad end indeed for the first man who made wine, and the story was probably chosen unrestrainedly complimentary. Although Cypriots were Greeks and their language a dialect of Gre-
on purpose, because of its moral message, claims Mr. Michaelides in the book "Guide to the ek, the Arcadocypriot, they used to write in an older and more difficult system, called Cypriot sylla-
Paphos Mosaics". Akme in Greek means culmination or perfection (usually of age) and one cannot bary. Evagoras has been called a pioneer of the adoption of the Greek alphabet in Cyprus in place
avoid interpreting her presence here as symbolic. If this is the case, she would stand for the state of the older Cypriot syllabary.
of mind brought about by the proper and moderate use of wine. In fact Ikarios seems to be poin -
ting towards her in quite a meaningful manner. The two drunk shepherds on the other side would
then symbolize the evils that improper use of wine leads to.
Sleeping eros (part of a fountain in Nea
Paphos) 1st AD
Satyr Silenus, from the temple of Apollo-Hyla- 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼ 
tes in Kourion
1964, 26 Oct Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
41. 25 m Dk carm, gray & blk 2.338.785 0,55 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Royal gold sceptre, 11th BC

37. 40 m Multicolor 399.289 0,85 € 1,25 €
Small figural sculpture includes human forms with attached attributes such as spears or goblets, 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼ 
animal figures, Classical representations of gods and mythological figures. In this example the
saytr holds a drinking cup and an amphorae. Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Zeno of Citium
Printer:
1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼ 
Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
Printer: 42. 35 m Dk car, yel & black 523.294 0,75 € 0,45 €
Sheet: ** ∘ One of the early cloisonne enamel from Cyprus, dated the eleventh century B.C., is the famous
Royal Gold Sceptre from a tomb at Kourion. It consists of a plain tube with a sphere on top sup -
38. 10 m Olive & black 1.048.389 0,25 € 0,20 € porting two vultures. The sphere and the birds are decorated with cloisonne enamel in white, blue
and mauve. The scale pattern of the sphere is a Mycenaean design which was also common in
vase painting and ivory carving. Underneath, the sphere is surrounded by two rows of grains.
Ship from vase, 7th BC
Silver coin of Alexander the Great, sho-
1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼  wing Hercules and Zeus (333-323 BC)
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼ 
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
39. 15 m Orange brown & blk 8.398.284 0,25 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
43. 50 m Orange brown & blk 2.966.111 1,20 € 0,20 €

Silver coin of Evagoras I, Hermes and lion skin,
4th BC
Bird catching fish, 7th BC
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
40. 20 m Orange brwon & blk 818.395 1,75 € 1,40 €

Evagoras (in Greek: Ευαγόρας) was the king of Salamis (410 - 374 BC) in Cyprus. The son of Ni-
cocles, a previous king of Salamis, he claimed descent from Teucer, the son of Telamon and half- 44. 100 m Multicolor 629.110 5,00 € 0,20 €
brother of Ajax, and his family had long been rulers of Salamis, although during his childhood Sa-
lamis came under Phoenician control, which resulted in his exile.
While in Cilicia, Evagoras gathered the support of 50 followers and returned secretly in 410, to Ingot bearer, Myceanean
gain possession of the throne. Expecting an eventual Persian response to recapture Cyprus, he
cultivated the friendship of the Athenians, and after Conon's defeat at the Battle of Aegospotami he 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 14 x 13 
provided him with a refuge. For a time he also maintained friendly relations with Persia, and secu-
red the aid of Artaxerxes II for Athens against Sparta. He took part in the battle of Cnidus of 394 Technique: Litho Wmk 2
BC, in which the Spartan fleet was defeated, and for this service his statue was placed by the
Athenians side by side with that of Conon in the Ceramicus. But the energy and enterprise of Eva- Designer:
goras soon roused the jealousy of the Great King, and relations between them became strained.
From 391 they were virtually at war. Aided by the Athenians and the Egyptian king Hakor Printer:
(Achoris), Evagoras extended his rule over the greater part of Cyprus, crossed over to Asia Minor,
took several cities in Phoenicia, and persuaded the Cilicians to revolt. Sheet: ** ∘
One result of the peace of Antalcidas (387), to which Evagoras refused to agree, was that the
Athenians withdrew their support, since by its terms they recognized the lordship of Persia over
Cyprus. For the next ten years Evagoras carried on hostilities single-handed, except for occasional 45. 250 m Multicolor 302.543 1,50 € 0,50 €
aid from Egypt, which was likewise threatened by the Persians. The Persian generals Tiribazus
and Orontes at last invaded Cyprus in 381 BC, with an army far larger than what Evagoras could
command. However, Evagoras managed to cut off this force from being resupplied, and the star-
ving troops rebelled. The war then turned in the Persian favor when Evagoras' fleet was destroyed
69
Rape of Ganymede (House of Dionysius 3rd AD) Grapes and partridge mosaic, House of
Dionysus
1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 14 x 13 
1970, 7 Sep. Perforation: 14 ½ x 13 ½ 
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
46. 500 m Multicolor 129.599 3,50 € 1,00 € 49. 15 m Multicolor 1.259.292 0,20 € 0,20 €
Aphrodite from Soli, 1st BC Kylix (drinking cup)

1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 14 x 13  1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Printer:
3,50 € 1,00 € 50. 15 m Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €

47. 1 L Multicolor 129.599
Red and dark brown paint is used on Bichrome ware. Black paint on a red polished surface is
common on Black-on-Red ware. Other varieties include Bichrome Red, Polychrome Red, Plain
White. This example has with trefoil rim and globular body, decorated with a bird and a deer fee-
ding on plants. Period Cypro-Archaic I-II (750-475 B.C.) Size 12 to 45 cm. in height.
Athena mounting horse-drwn chariot,

from Soli, 5th BC
1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
51. 30 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Head of woman, from Salamis, 3rd BC

1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Panathenaic amphora, 500 BC

52. 50 m Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 €
1967, 4 Sep. Perforation: Imperf.  Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer: Silver bowl from Enkoni, Myceanean

Print: Sheet: ** ∘ 1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
47-I. 250 m Multicolor 101.386 3,00 € 5,50 € Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Aesculapius, statue from Paphos
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
53. 30 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Designer:
Printer: Moufflon, House of Dionysus, 3rd AD
Sheet: ** ∘ 1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 

48. 50 m Gray, olive, blk & green 509.301 0,20 € 0,20 € Designer:
Printer:
Theme: Coin of Paphos
Sheet: ** ∘
City:
54. 250 m Multicolor 1,90 € 0,40 €
Text:
CYP_19690407 FDC 1,00 €
70
Decoration of amphora, 7th - 6th BC Theme: Amathus coin

1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13  City:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Text:
Designer: CYP_19720925 FDC 1,50 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Rape of Europe. Silver coin from Marion, 5th BC
55. 500 m Multicolor 1,00 € 0,50 €
1974, 29 Apr. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
God statue, from Enkomi, 12 th
BC Technique: Litho Wmk 2
1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 13 x 14  Designer:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Printer:
Printer:
64. 10 m Multicolor 429.763 0,30 € 0,30 €
Sheet: ** ∘
65. 40 m Multicolor 429.763 0,60 € 0,60 €
56. 1 L Multicolor 2,00 € 0,60 € 66. 150 m Multicolor 429.763 2,10 € 2,10 €
Kylix (drinking cup) Solon, Mosaic from Baalbek

1971, 22 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½  1974, 22 Jul. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Printer:
57. 20 m New value on #50 0,25 € 0,20 € 67. 25 m Multicolor 258.922 0,20 € 0,20 €
Solon (Greek: Σολων, c. 638 BC–558 BC) was a famous Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and Lyric
Archaeology poet. The travel writer, Pausanias (geographer), listed Solon among the Seven Sages of the an-
cient world. Solon has acquired a place in history and in folklore through his efforts to legislate
1974, 14 Oct. against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term
yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
Solon's laws were inscribed on wooden slabs attached to a series of axles that stood upright in the
Perf.: Diverse  Prytaneum. These axons appear to have operated on the same principle as a Lazy Susan, allo-
wing both convenient storage and ease of access. Originally the axons recorded laws enacted by
Tech.: Draco (lawgiver) in the late 7th Century (traditionally 621BC). Nothing of Draco's codification has
survived except for a law relating to homicide, yet there is consensus among scholars that it did
Wmk 2 not amount to anything like a constitution. Solon repealed all Draco's laws except those relating to
homicide. Fragments of the axons were still visible in Plutarch's time but today the only records we
have of Solon's laws are fragmentary quotes and comments in literary sources such as those writ -
ten by Plutarch himself. Modern scholars doubt the reliability of some of these sources and our
knowledge of Solon's legislation is therefore actually very limited in its details.
Designer: Generally, Solon's reforms appear to have been constitutional, economic and moral in their scope.
This distinction, though somewhat artificial, does at least provide a convenient framework within
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ which to consider the laws that have been attributed to Solon.
58. 50 m Ovp 4 on stamp # 52 994.621 0,35 € 0,35 €

Theme: Coin of Paphos
59. 250 m Ovp 4 on stamp # 54 189.829 0,80 € 0,80 €
City:
Text:
CYP_19740722 FDC 1,50 €
PS03 Paphos mosa-

ic.
Head of Apollo Marion 5th Head of Eagle Paphos, 5th Athena Lappithos, 4th B.C.
B.C. B.C. 1974 ñ
Silver coins
Print:
1972, 25 Sep Perforation: 14 x 13 ½  125 c
** ∘
Designer: 4,00 €
Sphinx and lotus flower Printer:
AKYPO -> Suspended
Idalio, 5th B.C.
Sheet: ** ∘
60. 20 m lt grnsh bl & blk 577.298 0,20 € 0,20 €
61. 30 m pale bl & silver 849.792 0,20 € 0,20 €
62. 40 m ol bister & blk 577.313 0,35 € 0,30 €
63. 100 m pale blk & blk 299.808 1,20 € 1,00 €

Kourion view
71
Terracota warrior on horseback, 7th BC

1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
PS03a House of Aion PS03b House of Dionysos

73. 25 m Lt brown & multicolor 3.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
Chalcolithic idol from Paphos Priest of Aphrodite, 5th BC

1975, 4 Aug. Perforation: 13 ¾ x 12 ¼  1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
68. 75 m Multicolor 466.346 0,70 € 1,00 €
74. 30 m Green & multicolor 3.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €

Vessel in shape of woman, 19th BC
1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  Bronze plaque with insciption. Idalion, 5th
BC
1976, 7 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 ¼ 
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
69. 20 m Violet & multicolor 425.000 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
75. 40 m Multicolor 2.100.000 0,20 € 0,20 €

Composite vessel from Vouni, 19th BC
1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  Mycenaean crater, 13th BC
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 1976, 7 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 ¼ 

Designer: Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
70. 60 m Gray & multicolor 525.000 0,20 € 0,20 € 76. 50 m Brown & multicolor 2.500.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
Terracotta statue (Kore), 7th - 6th BC Limestone sarcophagus, Amathus, 5th BC

1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14  1976, 7 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 ¼ 
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Printer:
77. 60 m Dk brown & multicolor 4.250.000 0,30 € 0,20 €

71. 5 m Brown & multicolor 2.500.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
Bronce stand, 12th BC
Zeus-Keraunios from Citium, 5th BC
1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 x 14 
1976, 3 May. Perforation: 12 ¼ x 13 ¾  Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
78. 500 m Yel & multicolor 625.000 1,75 € 1,75 €
72. 10 m Gray & multicolor 10.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
72
Statue of Artemis from Larnaca, 4th BC 85. 125 m Multicolor 0,55 € 0,55 €
1976, 3 May. Perforation: 13 x 14 

Theme: Temple of Aphrodite (reverse coin)
City:
Designer:
Text:
Printer:
CYP_19790312 FDC 1,00 €
Sheet: ** ∘
79. 1 L Slate & multicolor 525.000 3,75 € 3,75 €

Theme: Hermes - Mercury
Theme: Hermes - Mercury City: Nicosia
City: Nicosia Text: Fourth International (state) Fair
Text: 2 nd
Cyprus International (state) Fair CYP_19790526 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
CYP_19770521 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
Zenon of Citium
1980, 28 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Designer:
Printer:
Bronze coin of Trajan and Nike and Poseidon, coin of Tetradrachm of Ptolomy Sheet: 20 ** ∘
temple of Aphrodite 2nd Demetrios Poliorcetes, 3rd VIII, 2nd BC
AC BC
86. 125 m Multicolor 0,40 € 0,40 €
Ancient coins
1977, 13 Jun. Perforation: 14 ¼  Theme: Hermes - Mercury
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 City: Nicosia
Designer: Text: Fifth International (state) Fair
Sphinx and lotus flower,
coin of Arsimoe II, Idalio, Printer: CYP_19800524 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
5th B.C.
Sheet: ** ∘
80. 10 m Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Gold neackle, 7th BC
81. 40 m Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
1980, 15 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14 
82. 60 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
83. 100 m Multicolor 0,50 € 0,50 €
Designer:
Theme: Ancient coin Printer:
City: Sheet: ** ∘
Text:
87. 10 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
CYP_19770613 FDC 2,50 €
Bronze cow, 5th BC
Aristotle 1980, 15 Sep Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14 

1978, 23 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14  Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Designer:
Designer: Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ 88. 15 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
Clay amphora, 6th BC

83-I. 35 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
Born of Aphrodite - Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Venus
Designer:
1979, 12 Mar.
Printer:
Perf.: 14 ½ x 14 
Sheet: ** ∘
Tech.: Litho
Statue from Soli Boticelli
89. 25 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €

Designer:
84. 75 m Multicolor 0,35 € 0,35 €
73
Lion gold ring from Enkomi, 13th BC

PS03 Warrior
1980, 15 Sep Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14  terracotta
bust, back,
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 temple of
Apollo in
Designer: Limassol
Printer: 1980 ñ
Sheet: ** ∘
Print:
90. 40 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
125 c
** ∘
Bronze cauldron, 8th BC
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
91. 50 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
Lions attacking bull, from the temple of

Stele, 5th BC
Athena in Vuoni, 5th BC
1980, 15 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14  1980, 15 Sep Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14 
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
95. 150 m Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €

92. 75 m Multicolor 0,45 € 0,45 €
Rython from Citium, 14th BC
Clay jug, 15-14th BC
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
96. 175 m Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

93. 100 m Multicolor 0,50 € 0,50 €
Warrior god of bronze, 12th BC

Warior, terracotta bust, from Hagia Irini, 5th BC
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
97. 200 m Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

94. 125 m Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €
Neolithic stone recipient from Choirokitia

1980, 15 Sep Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14 
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
98. 500 m Multicolor 1,75 € 1,75 €
74
Yvory plaque from Salamis, 7th BC 103. 2 c New value on #88 0,20 € 0,20 €
1980, 15 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14  104. 3 c New value on #89 0,20 € 0,20 €
105. 4 c New value on #90 0,20 € 0,20 €

106. 5 c New value on #91 0,25 € 0,25 €
Designer:
107. 6 c New value on #92 0,25 € 0,25 €
Printer:
108. 10 c New value on #93 0,45 € 0,45 €
Sheet: ** ∘
109. 13 c New value on #94 0,60 € 0,60 €
110. 15 c New value on #95 0,70 € 0,70 €

99. 1 L Multicolor 3,25 € 3,25 €
111. 20 c New value on #96 0,90 € 0,90 €
Leda and the swan, mosaic from a villa in 112. 25 c New value on #97 1,25 € 1,25 €
Paphos, 3rd AC
113. 50 c New value on #98 2,25 € 2,25 €
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 PS04 Warrior
terracotta
Designer: bust
Printer: 1983 
Sheet: ** ∘
Print:
100. 2 L Multicolor 7,00 € 7,00 € 15 c on PS03
** ∘
Stele 5th BC
Designer:
Printer:
Aphrodite - Venus
Sheet: ** ∘
1982, 12 May. P.: 13 ½ x 14 ¼ 
Tech: Litho Wmk 2
101. 100 m New value on # 92 0,40 € 0,40 €
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Aphrodite from Soli Venus of Titian
114. 125 m Multicolor 500.000 0,65 € 0,65 €
115. 175 m Multicolor 400.000 0,90 € 0,90 €
#102 #106 #107 Theme: Aphrodite - Venus

#104
City:
Text:
CYP_19820412 FDC 1,50 €
Conversion of Sergius Paulus, 45 AC

1982, 3 May. Perforation: 12 ½ 
#108 #109 #111 #112
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
116. 175 m Multicolor 0,90 € 0,90 €
#105 #110
Chrismon from Paphos
#103
1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Archeology
1983, 3 Oct. Perforation: Diverse 
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
#113 Printer:
117. 50 m Multicolor 650.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
102. 1 c New value on #87 0,20 € 0,20 €
75
King of Paleopaphos, high priest of Aphrodite, Personification of Autumn, House of Dionysos,

from Kouklia, 10th BC 2-3rd AC
1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½  1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Technique: Litho
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Printer:
124. 5 L Multicolor 500.000 17,00 € 15,00 €

118. 125 m Multicolor 1.000.000 0,50 € 0,50 €
Musicians, 6-7th BC
Thesseus struggling with Minotaur, from a
villa in Paphos, 3rd AC 1985, 6 May. Perforation: 12 ½ 
1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½  Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Designer:
Designer: Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ 125. 6 c Multicolor 700.000 0,75 € 0,75 €
119. 225 m Multicolor 350.000 0,90 € 0,90 €
Ikarios and the first drunk, from a villa in

Paphos, 3rd AC
1983, 14 Mar. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 
Mosaic, Ionian helmet, foot
Designer: Hellenistic spoon with Eros and Psyche
of a sculpture
woman form
Printer:
New archaeological museum
Sheet: ** ∘
1986, 17 Feb. Perforation: 14 ¾ x 14 
120. 125 m Multicolor 400.000 0,35 € 0,35 €
Technique:
Cyprosyllabic script funerary stele, 6th BC Designer:
1983, 3 May. Perforation: 14 ¾ x 14 ¼  Printer:
Profile of statue
Technique: Photo Wmk 2 Sheet: ** ∘
Designer: 126. 15 c Multicolor 400.000 0,75 € 0,75 €
Printer: 127. 20 c Multicolor 300.000 1,10 € 1,10 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 128. 25 c Multicolor 200.000 1,40 € 1,40 €
121. 50 m Multicolor 1.500.000 0,20 € 0,20 € 129. 30 c Multicolor 200.000 1,75 € 1,75 €
Enkomi ingot, 12th BC, bronze jug 2nd AC

1983, 3 May. Perforation: 14 ¾ x 14 ¼ 
Technique: Photo Wmk 2
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
122. 200 m Multicolor 1.400.000 0,80 € 0,80 €
Theme: Hermes - Mercury

City: Nicosia
Text: Eight International (state) Fair
CYP_19830528 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
Palestra from Apollo Hylales sanctuary

1985, 18 Mar. Perforation: 14 ¾ x 14 
Technique: Photo
Designer: New archaeological museum
Printer: 1986, 17 Feb. Perforation: 14 ¾ x 14  Technique:
123. 50 c Multicolor 750.000 2,50 € 2,50 € ** ∘
Print: Sheet:
76
130. 1 L Multicolor 100.000 12,50 € 12,50 €

Ville of Theseus, 2th
AC
Theme: New archaeological museum
1989, 29 Dec.
City:
Perf.: Diverse 
Text:
CYP_19860217 FDC 1,50 € Tech.: Litho
Personification of Crete
Cupid Wmk 2
Designer: D. Michaelides
Printer: Graphics arts, Athens, Greece Sheet: 50 ** ∘
138. 2 c Multicolor 2.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
139. 5 L Multicolor 800.000 8,75 € 8,75 €

The Villa of Theseus: The villa was built in the second half of the 2nd century A.D. over the ruins of
earlier houses of the Hellenistic and early Roman periods and was in use until the 7th century AD.
The villa's large size, it consisted of more than 100 rooms, suggests that the building was the resi-
In Peranna shipyard In Paphos dence of the governor of Cyprus. Many of the rooms and three of the four porticos around the cen -
Kyrenia
tral court are covered with mosaic floors with geometric motifs. Three rooms in the south wing of
Kyrenia, 4th AC the building are embellished with mosaic floors with human representations, all belonging to diffe-
rent phases. The oldest one is the mosaic representing Theseus and the Minotaur, dating to the
1987, 3 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼  very end of the 3rd or beginning of the 4th century A.D. with obvious later restorations, probably
made after the earthquakes of the middle of the 4th century. At the end of the 4th century A.D. a
Technique: Wmk 2 new mosaic depicting Poseidon and Amphitrite was added to a room, which probably served as a
bedroom. Finally, at the beginning of the 5th century, a mosaic floor was laid in the reception room,
Designer: of which only a part is preserved today and depicts Achilles´ first bath.
Printer:
In New York
Sheet: ** ∘
131. 2 c Multicolor 800.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
132. 3 c Multicolor 1.200.000 0,25 € 0,25 €
133. 5 c Multicolor 1.200.000 0,40 € 0,40 €
134. 17 c Multicolor 800.000 1,40 € 1,40 €

Leda, from Leda Apollo, from Apollo
The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th century Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek- Centaur and Hermes presenting
and the swan and Marsyas
Cypriot sponge diver Andreas Kariolou in 1967 and salvaged close to Kyrenia in Cyprus in an ex- Maenad baby Dionysos
pedition directed by Michael Katzev, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania's Univer -
sity Museum, from 1967-69. Preservation of the ship's timbers continued during the winter of 1970.
Katzev later was a co-founder of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology. The Kyrenia ship is the ol-
dest Greek ship ever discovered. The find was extensively covered in a documentary by the Natio-
nal Geographic Society. It is the only preserved ship from Greece's Classical Age. The ship was
considered to be very well preserved with approximately 75% of it in good condition. It found a
new home at the museum in Kyrenia Castle.
In 1974 Kyrenia, and the rest of Northern Cyprus, was occupied by Turkey. The ship remained in
the city and is still preserved.
In 1985, Greek professors completed a full-size replica of the ship, known as Kyrenia II. Kyrenia II
is often used as a floating ambassador of Cypriot culture, and has visited many parts of the world.
In 1986, it visited New York; in 1988, Japan; and in 1989, West Germany. Dorys won Cassiopeia
Cassiopeia, from
Cassiopeia and the nereids Ninphs
Theme: Kyrenia
City: Mosaics from the House of Aion, 4th AC
Text: 1989, 29 Dec. Perforation: Diverse  Technique: Litho
CYP_19871003 FDC 1,50 € Wmk 2 Designer: D. Michaelides
Print: Graphics arts, Athens, Greece Sheet: 50 ** ∘
140. 3 c Multicolor 2.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
141. 5 c Multicolor 4.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
142. 7 c Multicolor 5.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
143. 10 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,30 € 0,30 €
144. 15 c Multicolor 6.000.000 0,40 € 0,40 €
145. 20 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,55 € 0,55 €

Personification of Poseidon and Anymone Apollo and Dafne
Winter 146. 40 c Multicolor 2.000.000 1,10 € 1,10 €
The House of Aion: Only part of the house has been excavated so far. On the floor of an apsidal
Mosaics from the House of Dionysos, 2-3rd AC room, lies the most spectacular mosaic of Pafos dated from the middle of the 4th century A.D. The
mosaic, which is of excellent quality, consists of five figural panels depicting the newborn Diony-
1989, 29 Dec. Perforation: Diverse  Technique: Litho sos, Leda and the Swan, the beauty contest between Cassiopeia and the Nereids, Apollon and
Marsyas, and finally the Triumph of Dionysos.
Wmk 2 Designer: D. Michaelides
135. 1 c Multicolor 2.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
136. 4 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
137. 1 L Multicolor 1.000.000 3,00 € 3,00 €

The House of Dionysos: This rich building belongs to the Greco-Roman type where the rooms are
arranged around a central court, which functioned as the core of the house. It seems that the hou-
se was built at the end of the 2nd century A.D. and was destroyed and abandoned after the earth - Orpheus playing the lyre
Hercules and the lion
quakes of the 4th century A.D. The House of Dionysus occupies 2000sq. metres of which 556 are Amazon
covered with mosaic floors decorated with mythological, vintage and hunting scenes. At the Hou-
se's entrance these is a pebble mosaic representing the mythical sea-monster Scylla that belon-
Mosaics from the House of Orpheus, 2-3rd AC
ged to a Hellenistic building found below the later Roman one.
77
1989, 29 Dec. Perforation: Diverse  Technique: Litho

Hearth room, Ashlar building, Paliotaverna
Wmk 2 Designer: D. Michaelides
1995, 27 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ¾ 
147. 18 c Multicolor 4.000.000 0,50 € 0,50 € Designer:
148. 25 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,70 € 0,70 €
Printer:
149. 50 c Multicolor 1.000.000 1,50 € 1,50 €
Sheet: ** ∘
The House of Orpheus: It belongs to the type of the wealthy Greco-Roman Houses with a central
court similar to the House of Dionysus. It dates to the late 2nd /early 3rd century A.D. The building
156. 20 c Multicolor 1,40 € 1,40 €
´s main room, the reception hall, is decorated with a mosaic floor depicting Orpheus among the
beasts. The next room´s mosaic floor bears two panels, one representing Hercules and the Lion of Alassa Paliotaverna. Archaeological survey in the upper Kouris valley in 1983, a prelude to the
Nemea, and the other an Amazon with her horse. construction of a major dam, produced new evidence for the extent of Late Bronze Age settlement
in the area. There followed three years of excavation by Sophocles Hadjisavvas of the Department
of Antiquities at the site of Alassa Pano Mandilaris, part of a LC IIC-IIIA settlement with evidence
Ship from pottery, Bronze Age for metalworking and several intramural tombs.
In 1991 Hadjisavvas began new excavations at the adjacent locality of Paliotaverna, where bulldo-
1992, 9 Nov. Perforation: 14  zing in 1963 had dislodged large ashlar blocks and LBA pithos sherds. Here he has found two mo-
numental ashlar buildings, separated by a street and lying at slightly different levels on the slopes
Technique: Litho Unwmk of a hill, with a commanding view over the Kouris valley. Both were apparently constructed in LC II,
following leveling operations. The lower (southern) building (I) is poorly preserved due to modern
Designer: disturbance, but retains three square column bases and some foundations.
Building II has a length of about 30 m, its foundations formed by huge ashlars with drafted edges
Printer: and bosses. The upper parts of the walls were composed of mudbricks, which are found decompo -
** ∘ sed throughout the site. The internal arrangements are so far unparalleled in Cyprus, with two
Sheet: small rooms at each end of the building, opening into a courtyard-like central space. A square he -
Multicolor 2,25 € 2,25 € arth occupies the courtyard, along with a parapet cross-wall, an enigmatic sunken rectangular
150. 50 c 200.000
structure, and evidence for alterations to the original plan. Disturbance has unfortunately destro-
yed most evidence for a firm date and the possible function of this building, although it does not
appear domestic in nature. Among the finds are two pithos sherds, impressed by the same cylin-
Theme: Ship from pottery, Bronze Age der seal as two found at Pano Mandilaris previously.
Part of a third building, up the slope to the north and separated from Building II by a narrow street,
City: was revealed in 1993. The portion of its south wall exposed so far incorporates an unusual arran-
gement of cuttings and built channels.
Text: The discovery of this extensive LC settlement with important public buildings illuminates previously
unrecognized aspects of LBA economy and organization in Cyprus, where most known sites are
CYP_19921109 FDC 2,50 €
located near the coast. The excavator has suggested a regional administration related to copper
production, through which the mining districts were connected to the coastal (export) settlements
by a chain of local administrative centers along river valley routes. In this case, Alassa could have
linked smelting sites such as Ayios Mamas with sites in the Kourion area (for example, Episkopi
Ship Bamboula).
1993, 4 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¾ x 14 

Hall Hagios Demetrios area, Kalavasos
1995, 27 Feb. Perforation: 14 x 13 ¾ 
Designer:
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
151. 25 c Multicolor 200.000 1,10 € 1,10 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Bird and Palm

157. 30 c Multicolor 1,40 € 1,40 €
1993, 4 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¾ x 13 ¼  The Kition City Kingdom was established by the Mycenean Greeks in the 13th century BC when it
enjoyed the dual position of a rich port and a major centre of the copper trade. Remains of that pe -
Technique: Litho Unwmk riod excavated in recent years can be seen in its Cyclopean walls and a complex of Mycenean
temples.
Designer:
Printer: Theme: Mycenean motivs
Sheet: ** ∘ City:
152. 35 c Red brown 500.000 1,40 € 1,40 € Text:
153. 40 c Olive brown 150.000 1,60 € 1,60 € CYP_19950227 FDC 1,50 €
Early smelting of copper

1994, 1 Mar. Perforation: 13 x 13 ½ Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates, Kourion

1999, 4 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 13 
Designer: Technique: Litho Unwmk
Printer: Designer:
154. 10 c Multicolor 2.000.000 0,45 € 0,45 € Sheet: 4 ** ∘
Map, boat and copper ingot 158. 25 c Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

The Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates is recorded in the historical sources about Cyprus as one of the
1994, 1 Mar. Perforation: 13 x 13 ½  most important Sanctuaries on the island. Strabo wrote about a cap past the Kourion from where
those who touched the Sacred Altar of Apollo were flung into the sea. Many inscribed testimonies,
Technique: Litho Unwmk which have been found on the spot and in the city, confirm the historical sources.
The finds from the archaeological inquiry lead mainly to a Roman sanctuary and testify that there
Designer: were in the area more ancient constructions incorporated in Roman edifices or demolished in the
same period when the Sanctuary was intensively undergoing a restoration, southern the bounda-
Printer: ries of the Roman temple.
The Romans revived a flourishing cult in the area since the Archaic times indeed. This cult is likely
Sheet: ** ∘ to have been practised even earlier in the Bronze Age, as it is shown by several shells belonging
to the red burnished ceramic of the Early Bronze Age, which have been found adjacent to the cir-
155. 30 c Multicolor 500.000 1,25 € 1,25 € cular altar but also according to the relevant legends about its heroes and inspirers.
78
A cult, which is testified on an architectural level only in the 7th or 8th century and which does not
in any case constitute properly part of a settlement of any period.
This autonomy of the Sanctuary in relation to the settlement cannot but be linked with the same
Sanctuary of Apollo Maleata at Epidaurus, the most ancient and important Sanctuary of Apollon in
Argolis. The finds of the known “Temple boys” on the side of Ayia Anna show typically this cultic
coherence. The most ancient inscription, which the name of god Apollo (5th / 4th century B.C.) is
recorded on, is retrieved at the foot of one of them.
The name Hylates given to Apollo is recorded from the Hellenistic times and it certainly describes
the prevailing nature of the cult of Apollo, which was performed until then, combining the primary
characteristics of its eastern origin but also its subsequent western development in the Theology of
the Hellenic twelve gods mainly as a healing god.
Krater of warriors
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: 4 ** ∘
159. 25 c Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

Helmeted warriors, bearing heavy shields and spears march off to war. The Mycenaean military
forces were well organized and justly feared, as they ruled the Aegean for over 250 years. Riches Diverse
from the conquered lands flowed into Mycenae making it a city of great wealth and power. The sol-
diers are painted so similarly that we get no indication of individual portraiture, but rather that these 1999, 4 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 13  Technique: Litho
men constitute interchangeable parts in a well-oiled military machine. The only trace of emotion is
the figure of a woman, at the very far left, with her arm raised to her head in farewell. Note that the Unwmk Designer:
figures are confined to a banded frieze, like so much Mycenaean pottery. The krater form is a bowl
with two side handles. This shape will become one of the classic forms used in later Greek pottery. Print: Sheet: 4 ** ∘
Krater of chariot 161a 1 L Multicolor 4,00 € 4,00 €

Joint issue with Greece
Technique: Litho Unwmk Theme:
Designer: City:
Printer: Text:
Sheet: 4 ** ∘ CYP_19990628 FDC 1,50 €
160. 25 c Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

The scene depicted on both sides of this krater follows the tradition of Mycenaean chariot repre- Aphrodite statue
sentations from the beginning of the fourteenth century B.C. Two tall, armless figures wearing
long, spotted robes stand in a chariot drawn by a pair of horses. Flecks of paint on the box of the 2000, 30 Mar. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 13 
chariot may indicate that it was covered with the hide of an ox. The horses follow the convention of
Mycenaean vase painting: when two horses are meant to be represented, the painter, in an at- Technique: Litho Unwmk
tempt to show perspective, depicts only one body, with two tails, two pairs of hindlegs and fore-
legs, as well as two heads. Designer:
Stylized, high-stemmed flowers or abstract motifs decorate the background of the scene. To the
right of the chariot, a female figure wearing a long robe stands with both arms raised and fingers Printer:
splayed in what must be a meaningful gesture. Her breasts are rendered as two spirals, and the
features of her face resemble those of the figures in the chariot. Most likely she is bidding goodbye Sheet: 2 ** ∘
to departing warriors, a familiar scene on earlier chariot kraters.
Large numbers of Mycenaean vases began to inundate the Cypriot market at the beginning of the
fourteenth century B.C., perhaps as a result of extensive trade relations between the Argolid, a re -
gion in the Peloponnesos, and the eastern Mediterranean. The krater was a popular form in the re-
pertoire of Mycenaean vases, found almost exclusively in tombs on Cyprus. Sometimes as many
as half of the objects in fourteenth and thirteenth century B.C. tombs on Cyprus consist of Mycena-
ean pottery. Pictorial vases, like this one, were probably connected with funerary practices and, in
some regions, may have served as vessels that held the remains of the deceased.
162. 35 c Multicolor 500.000 1,00 € 1,00 €

Sanctuary os Apollo Epikoureus, Delphi
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: 4 ** ∘
161. 25 c Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 €

The ruins of the Temple of Apollo visible today date from the 4th century BCE are of a peripteral Neolithic Classic 5-4th BC
Hellenistic 3rd BC
doric building. It was erected on the remains of an earlier temple, dated to the 6th century BCE Choirokitia(4500 –
which itself was erected on the site of a 7th century BCE construction attributed to the architects 4000 BC)
Trophonios and Agamedes.
The 6th century BC temple was named the "Temple of Alcmeonidae" in tribute to the Athenian fa-
mily which funded its construction. It was a Doric hexastyle temple of 6 by 15 columns. The temple
was destroyed in 373 BC by an earthquake with the third temple completed on the site by 330
BCE. The third temple is attributed to Corinthian architects Spintharos, Xenodoros, and Agathon.
The pediment sculptures are attributed to Praxias and Androsthenes of Athens. Of a similar pro-
portion to the second temple it retained the 6 by 15 column pattern around the stylobate. Inside
was the adyton, the centre of the Delphic oracle and seat of Pythia. The monument was partly res -
tored during 1938-1941.
Geometric – Archaic 7th BC Late Bronze Age 14-13th Late Bronze Age 13th BC
BC
Jewelry
79
2000, 30 Mar. Perforation: 14  Technique: Litho
Unwmk Designer:
163. 10 c Multicolor 4.000.000 0,40 € 0,40 €
164. 15 c Multicolor 7.000.000 0,40 € 0,40 €
165. 50 c Multicolor 1.500.000 2,00 € 2,00 €
166. 75 c Multicolor 1.500.000 2,75 € 2,75 €
167. 1 L Multicolor 1.000.000 3,75 € 3,75 €
168. 2 L Multicolor 1.000.000 7,50 € 7,50 €
Aphrodite and rape of Europe

Cypriot scarabeoid seal Coin of Timoharis king of Coin of Stasioikos king of
2002, 22 Oct. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼  Technique:
490-570 BC Marion. Early 4th BC Marion 449 BC
Rape of Europe Unwmk Designer:
2002, 22 Oct. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼  Technique: Print: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 2 ** ∘
177. 1 L Multicolor
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 3x4 ** ∘

Aphrodite beach
169. 20 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,70 € 0,70 € 2004, 1 May.
170. 20 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,70 € 0,70 €
Perf.: 13 ¾ x 13 ½ 
171. 20 c Multicolor 1.000.000 0,70 € 0,70 €
Tech.:
Unwmk
Theater of Soli ¿? Aphrodite
Designer:
Printer: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: ** ∘
4x2
Clay oil lamp, 2nd AC Clay statue Europe and Clay oil lamp, 1st AC 178. 20 m Multicolor
bull, 7-6th BC
179. 30 m Multicolor
Rape of Europe
Pygmy hippopotamus, 10.000 BC
2002, 22 Oct. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼  Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Print: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 3x4 ** ∘
Designer:
172. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
173. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
174. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
180. 0,25 L Multicolor
0,43 €
Rape of Europe The Cyprus Dwarf Hippopotamus or Cypriot Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus minor) is an
extinct species of hippopotamus that inhabited the island of Cyprus until the early Holocene.
2002, 22 Oct. The 200-kilogram (440-lbs) Cyprus Dwarf Hippo was roughly the same size as the extant pygmy
hippopotamus. Unlike the modern pygmy hippo, it is thought that the Cyprus Dwarf became small
Perf.: 13 x 13 ¼  after the Messinian salinity crisis through the process of insular dwarfism which is caused by gene
pools limited to a small environment. This same process is believed to cause the dwarfism found
Tech.: in some dwarf elephants, the Pygmy Mammoth, and Homo floresiensis. The animal is estimated to
have measured 76 centimetres tall and 121 centimetres long.
Unwmk At the time of its extinction between 11,000 and 9,000 years ago, the Cyprus Dwarf Hippo was the
largest animal on the island of Cyprus. It was a herbivore and had no natural predators.
Designer: Excavation sites on Cyprus, particularly Aetokremnos, provide evidence that the Cyprus Dwarf
Hippo may have encountered and been driven to extinction by the early human residents of Cy-
Printer: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 2 ** ∘ prus.
A similar species of hippo, the Cretan Dwarf Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus creutzburgi) existed on
175. 50 m Multicolor the island of Crete, but became extinct during the Pleistocene.
176. 50 m Multicolor
Stone vessel, from Kalavasos 7.000 BC
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘

0,43 €
80
Together with Choirokoitia, Kalavasos-Tenta provides evidence for the initial establishment, at the
end of the 7th millennium B.C., of sedentary communities on the island, who originated from the
0,43 €
neighbouring mainland. These communities developed an original civilisation: the Cypriote Acera-
mic Neolithic. The settlement is surrounded by walls and consists of a compound of buildings with
simple circular or double circular ground plans built with sun-dried mudbrick or stone or a combina-
tion of both. The roof was flat and was made of a wooden frame consisting of branches, reeds, Bird-shaped vessel, 800 BC
pisé and earth. The roofs were principally flat but some buildings had domed roofs. The interior of
the buildings had double rectilinear piers, which supported a partial upper wooden floor, hearths 2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14 
and benches. The plastered surfaces of the walls were occasionally embellished with painted de-
coration as in the case of one house where the wall-painting depicting two human figures with Technique: Unwmk
upraised hands has survived. The dead were buried beneath the floor of houses or in the open
space between domestic buildings. Designer:
Like Choirokitia, the inhabitants of Kalavasos-Tenta used diabase, a hard stone, for manufacturing
stone vessels, which constitute a particular characteristic of the Cypriote Aceramic Neolithic. Picro- Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
lite a smooth green stone, found in abundance in the Kouris river-bed west of Lemesos, was used
for jewellery-making. The civilisation of Kalavasos-Tenta suddenly vanished at the end of the Ace- Sheet: 8 ** ∘
ramic period simultaneously with Choirokoitia, and no adequate explanation has been given regar-
ding its disappearance. Kalavasos-Tenta, like other Aceramic sites on the island, was abandoned 186. 0,25 L Multicolor
and the island appears to have remained free from human presence for a long time, until the 0,43 €
emergence of a new civilisation: the Ceramic Neolithic
Ancient kingdoms
Choirokitia settlement, 7.000 BC
Technique: Unwmk
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
182. 0,25 L Multicolor 0,43 €
0,43 €
Situated in the Maroni valley, about 6 km from the southern coast of the island, the site of Choiro-
koitia lies in a hilly landscape in the foothills of the Troodos massif. It constitutes the most impres-
sive example of the initial establishment of sedentary communities on the island and the develop-
ment of an original civilisation: the Cypriot Aceramic Neolithic. These communities originated from
the neighbouring mainland and settled in Cyprus at the end of the 7th millennium B.C. bringing
with them plants and animals unknown until then to Cyprus.
The site of Choirokoitia, which was founded and inhabited during the 5th millennium B.C., was dis-
covered in 1934 by P. Dikaios on behalf of the Department of Antiquities. In 1976 the exploration
was been taken over by the CNRS (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique) under the direc-
tion of Dr Alain Le Brun.
The site is bound to the north, east and southeast by the deep bend of the river, and to the west by
successive walls. A complex architectural system, unique in Cyprus and the Near East, provided
control over access to the village. Protected by these walls, the houses of the settlement were
crowded together. A house consisted of a compound of several buildings with a circular ground
plan around an unroofed space, a kind of small inner “courtyard” where grinding took place. These
structures were built in stone, pisé and sun-dried mudbrick, or any combination of the three. The
roof was flat and consisted of a wooden frame made out of branches, reeds, pisé and earth. Exca-
vation revealed that the dead were buried in pits inside the dwelling units.
The inhabitants of Choirokoitia used diabase, a hard stone, for the manufacturing of stone vessels,
which constitute a particular characteristic of the Cypriote Aceramic Neolithic. Picrolite, a smooth Cyprus through the Ages
green stone that can be found in abundance in the Kouris riverbed west of Lemesos, was used for
making jewellery. 2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14  Technique:
Figurine of a woman, 3.000 BC Unwmk Designer:
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14  Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsou- Sheet: 8 ** ∘

kis SA Greece
Technique: Unwmk
187a 2 L Multicolor
Designer: 3,44 €
** ∘ Women sculptures
Sheet: 8
2008, 1 Jan. P.: 13 ½ 
0,43 €
Tech: Unwmk
Terracotta vessel, 2.000 BC Designer:
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14  Aphrodite from Soli Sleeping lady, Hal Printer: Giesecke & Devrient
Saflieni Hypogeum Matsoukis SA Greece
Technique: Unwmk
Sheet: 2 ** ∘
Designer:
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece 1 €
Sheet: 8 ** ∘ 189. 0,59 L Multicolor

1 €
184. 0,25 L Multicolor Joint issue with Malta
0,43 €
Greek inscription on a bronze skewer, 1.000 BC

Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
81
Coin, Hellenistic period, 310-30 BC

Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
194. 0,43 € Multicolor

The 'Tombs of the Kings' is the splendid necropolis that is located just outside the walls, to the
north and east of Pafos town. It was built during the Hellenistic period (3rd century B.C.) to satisfy
the needs of the newly founded Nea Paphos. Its name is not connected with the burial of kings, as
Women scultures the royal institution was abolished in 312 B.C., but rather with the impressive character of its burial
monuments. The 'Tombs of the Kings' was the place where the higher administrative officers and
2008, 1 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½  Technique: distinguished Ptolemaic personalities as well as the members of their families were buried. The
necropolis was continuously used as a burial area during the Hellenistic and Roman periods (3rd
Unwmk Designer: century B.C.-beginning of 4th century A.D.). There is sufficient evidence to support the fact that the
first Christians also used the site for their burials, while at the same time the site constituted an
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsou- Sheet: 2 ** ∘ endless quarry. Squatters established themselves in some of the tombs during the Medieval period
and made alterations to the original architecture.
kis SA Greece Most of the tombs are characterised by an underground, open aired, peristyled rectangular atrium
completely carved into the natural rock. Columns or pillars of the Doric style supported the portico-
189a 1,18 L Multicolor es, which surrounded the atrium. The burial chambers and the loculi for single burials were dug
2 € into the portico walls. It seems that the walls were originally covered with frescoes although today
only small fragments are preserved. The tombs' architectural characteristics directly relate them to
Hellenistic prototypes from Alexandria, Delos, Pergamon and Priene.
Coin, Archaic Period (750 BC - 480 BC)
Septimius Severus
Technique: Unwmk
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Ship?, Archaic Period (750 BC - 480 BC)
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Kimon the athenian (510-450 BC)

Technique: Unwmk Cyprus through the Ages II
Designer: 2008, 2 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½  Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsou- Sheet: 8 ** ∘
192. 0,43 € Multicolor kis SA Greece
Cimon (in Greek, Κίμων — Kimōn) (510, Athens - 450 BC, Citium, Cyprus), was an Athenian sta-
tesman, strategos, and major political figure in mid-5th century BC Greece. Cimon played a key 195a 3,44 € Multicolor
role in creating the powerful Athenian maritime empire following the failure of the Persian invasion
of Greece by Xerxes I in 480-479 BC. Cimon became a celebrated military hero and was elevated
to the rank of admiral after fighting in the Battle of Salamis.
Cimon laid siege to the Persian stronghold of Citium on the southwest coast of Cyprus. However,
the siege failed and Cyprus remained under Phoenician (and Persian) control. It was during this
siege that Cimon either died or was killed. He was later buried in Athens where a monument was
erected in his memory.
CYPRUS TURKISH REPUBLIC
Cyprus (1983 -)
Tomb of the kings, Hellenistic period, 310-30 BC
2008, 2 Oct. Perforation: 13 ½  Stamp-issuing status: active; On July 15, 1974, a pro-Greek coup, led by Greek army officers de-
posed the elected government. Five days later, Turkey invaded Cyprus and quickly occupied the
Technique: Unwmk northeastern 40 percent of the island. In 1975, Turkish Cypriots in the occupied area voted to esta-
blish a separate state. In 1983 this government declared its independence as the Turkish Republic
Designer: of Northern Cyprus.

Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Surch. 1
82
Watermark ARQ #1 New value

Archaeology from Soli
Amphiteater of Soli
1990, 24 Aug. Perf.: 12 ¼ 
1981, 29 Jun.
Tech: Litho Wmk 1
Perf.: 12 ¾ x 13  Designer:
Tech.:
Printer: Tezel Ofset
Unwmk
Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Theater Swan mosaic
1. 10 l Multicolor 0,95 € 0,45 € 8. 150 l Multicolor 0,35 € 0,35 €

2. 30 l Multicolor 2,75 € 1,10 € 9. 1000 l Multicolor 2,00 € 2,00 €
Ring-shaped composite pottery, Kernos Elephant and Hippopotamus fossils, Kyre-

1986, 15 Sep Perforation: 12 ½ nia

1991, 27 Dec Perforation: 12 ¼ 
Technique: Offset Wmk 1
Designer: Technique: Offset Wmk 1
Printer: Tezel Ofset Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 10 l Multicolor 250.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
10. 250 l Multicolor 150.000 0,30 € 0,30 €
Bird-shaped lidded pot. Skuru hill tomb, Morph-
ou. Late Bronza Age Roman fish ponds, Lambusa
1986, 15 Sep. Perforation: 12 ½  1991, 27 Dec Perforation: 12 ¼ 
Technique: Offset Wmk 1 Technique: Offset Wmk 1
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Tezel Ofset Printer:
11. 500 l Multicolor 150.000 0,30 € 0,30 €

4. 20 l Multicolor 250.000 0,20 € 0,25 €
Roman tomb, Lambusa

Earthenware jug, Vryse, Kyrenia. Neolithic
1991, 27 Dec Perforation: 12 ¼ 
1986, 15 Sep Perforation: 12 ½ 
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
12. 1500 l Multicolor 150.000 0,85 € 0,85 €
5. 50 l Multicolor 250.000 0,25 € 0,25 €
Bowl, Early Bronze Age

Statue of Artemis
1993, 1 Apr. Perforation: 13 ¾ x 14 
1986, 15 Sep. Perforation: 12 ½ 
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
13. 1000 l Multicolor 100.000 5,00 € 5,00 €
6. 100 l Multicolor 250.000 0,50 € 0,50 € Theme: Bowl, Early Bronze Age
City: Lefkosa
Ring-shaped composite pottery, Kernos Text: Turizm konulu anma serisi
1991, 3 Jun. Perforation: 12 ½  CYP-TR_19930401 FDC
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
7. 250 l Ovp 1 on stamp # 3 0,20 € 0,20 €
83
Neolithic village,
Ayios Epectitos, Ovp # 4 Ovp # 5
Vrysi
1994, 16 May.
Perf.: 13 ¾ x 14 
Surch # 1
Tech.: for #31 - 34
Wmk 1
Eagle and fasces
Designer: G. Balla
Printer: Officina carte valore Torino
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
1. 1 L Blue Ovp #1 3.000 4,50 € 22,50 €
2. 2 L Brown Ovp #1 3.000 4,50 € 26,00 €
Designer:
Roman architecture
1927, 21 Apr.
14. 8500 l Multicolor 200.000 1,50 € 1,50 €
Perf.: 11
15. 8500 l Multicolor 200.000 1,50 € 1,50 € 
Archaeological Site "Ayios Epiktitos - Vrysi", is located on a rocky cliff 6.5 miles, east of military oc-
cupied Kyrenia within the boundaries of occupied Ayios Epiktitos village. It took the name Vrysi be - Tech.: Engr.
Mausoleum of Hadrian Aqua Claudia
cause of a natural spring located in the area (Vrysi in Greek means tap, or small water fountain/
spring). Unwmk
After Chirokitia ancient settlement in Larnaca, it is one of the most Ancient Archaeological Site
ever found in Cyprus dated as far back as 5,250 years B.C. Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
The importance of the site is because we have the first evidence of handmade Pottery produced in
Cyprus from the last period of Neolithic Age II (3500-3000 BC). We also found proof of the first Printer: Officina carte valore Torino Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Textile making.
3. 40+20 c Black & brown Ovp #2 25.000 2,25 € 19,00 €
Moreover, there were found remains of grapes, olives, and it seems that Wine-making was also
known. Moreover, Golden earrings, and other golden artifacts, indicate that the ancient village had 4. 60+30 c Red & brown Ovp #2 25.000 2,25 € 19,00 €
a high level of culture, far more advanced than the Chirokitia settlement.
A preliminary investigation was made in 1969, and much use was made of aerial photography in
planning the excavations, which began in 1972 and continued in 1973. A team of scientists and Roman architecture
students from the universities of Glasgow and Birmingham were engaged in the digging under the
supervision of the Cyprus government. In all, there would be some 30 workers at a time, all very 1929, 4 Mar.
busy in the long hot summer, excavating the soil which covered the ancient houses to a depth of 7
meters.
Perf.: 11
The Turkish invasion in July 20 1974 interrupted the excavation process. Ayios Epiktitos and Vrysi 
archaeological Site are under Turkish military occupation since then. The Turks, appreciated the
importance of this archaeological site inside Ayios Epiktitos. They continued the excavations and Tech.: Engr.
managed to extract 62,000 pieces of artifacts from Vrysi site.
Unwmk
Tombstone inscriptions, Orhon
Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
and Yenisey river region.
Kültigin Heykelinin basi Printer: Officina carte valore Torino Sheet: 50 ** ∘
1995, 28 Dec. P.: 14 x 13 ½  5. 30+10 c Black & red Ovp #3 30.000 2,00 € 10,00 €
Tech: Wmk 1 6. 50+20 c Red & violet Ovp #3 30.000 2,00 € 10,00 €
Designer:
Roman architecture
Printer:
1930, 20 Oct.
Sheet: ** ∘
Perf.: 11
16. 5000 l Multicolor 150.000 0,25 € 0,25 € 
17. 10000 l Multicolor 150.000 0,55 € 0,55 € Tech.: Engr.
Unwmk
Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
CYRENAICA ITALIAN COLONY Printer: Officina carte valore Torino Sheet: 50 ** ∘
7. 30+10 c Black & dk green Ovp #3 20.000 8,00 € 14,50 €

(1923-35, 1950-51) 8. 50+10 c Dk green & violet Ovp #3 20.000 8,00 € 17,50 €
Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 225,000 (1934 estimate). A district of North Africa, west
of Egypt. Cyrenaica was under Turkish control until 1912, when it was ceded to Italy and incorpo -
rated with Tripolitania to form the colony of Libia. In 1942, it was occupied by the British and beca-
me part of the independent kingdom of Libya in 1951
Ovp # 1 Ovp # 2 Ovp # 3 Helenus and Aeneas Anchises and Aeneas Aeneas feasting in shade
watch passing of Roman of Albunea
legions
Wmk ARQ #1
84
Basilica of Leptis
Magna
1932 Perfora- ñ
,8 tion: 14
Aug.
Ceres and her child with Harvesters at work Woman at loom, children
Technique Wmk 1
fruits of Earth at calf
: Photo
Aeneid, Virgil Designer: E. de
1930, 4 Dec.. Perforation: 14 Rossa

Printer: Officina
carte valore Roma
Designer: C. Menazza ** ∘
Anchises and his sailors in Sheet: 50
sight of Italy Printer: Officina carte valore Roma 1,1 0,2
2 1 L Black
** ∘ 4. 0€ 0€
Sheet: 50
2 2 L Green 1,5 4,0
9. 15 c vio blk Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 4,50 €
5. 0€ 0€
10. 20 c org brn Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 2,25 €
2 5 L Dk Carm 2,5 8,0
11. 25 c dk grn Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 1,90 € 6. 0€ 0€
12. 30 c lt brown Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 2,25 €

Clouds forming Pegasus
13. 50 c dull vio Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 1,90 €
1933, 5 May. Perforation: 14 ñ
14. 75 c rose red Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 3,50 €
15. 1,25 L gray bl Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 4,50 €
Designer: G. Rondini
Aeneid, Virgil Printer: Officina carte valore
1930, 1 Dec. Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Perf.: 14 27. 3 L Brown 20.000 4,75 € 55,00 €


28. 15 L Carm 20.000 4,75 € 10,00 €
Shepherd piping by Aeneas leading his army Tech.: Engr.
fireside
Unwmk Clouds forming Pegasus
Designer: C. Menazza 1933, 5 May. Perforation: 14 ñ
Printer: Officina carte valore Roma Sheet: 50 ** ∘ Technique: Photo Wmk 1
16. 5+1,5 L Dk violet Ovp #4 20.000 3,25 € 24,00 € Designer: G. Rondini
17. 10+2,5 L Ol. brown Ovp #4 20.000 3,25 € 37,50 €
Printer: Officina carte valore
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Roman basilica of Leptis Magna
29. 10 L Green 20.000 4,75 € 90,00 €
1932, 7 Jan. Perforation: 14 x 14 ½ ñ
30. 20 L Black 20.000 4,75 € 125,00 €
Designer: E. de Rosa Basilica of Leptis Magna
Printer: Officina carte valore Roma 1934, 20 Jan. Perforation: 14 ñ
Sheet: 50 ** ∘ Technique: Photo Wmk 1
Designer: E. de Rossa
Printer: Officina carte valore Roma
18. 50 c rose car Ovp #5 0,50 € 0,30 €
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
19. 60 c dk org Ovp #5 2,50 € 7,00 €
31. 2 L Ovp 1 on 5 L Org brn 1,50 € 24,00 €
20. 80 c vio Ovp #5 2,50 € 8,50 €
32. 3 L Ovp 1 on 5 L Yell grn 1,50 € 24,00 €
Roman basilica of Leptis Magna 33. 5 L Ovp 1 ocher 1,50 € 24,00 €
34. 10 L Ovp 1 on 5 L Rose 1,50 € 24,00 €

1932, 12 May. Perforation: 14 x 14 ½ ñ
Technique: Engr Wmk 1 Venus (Aphrodite Anadyomene) from Cy-
Designer: E. de Rosa rene, 50 BC
Printer: Officina carte valore Roma 1934, 16 Oct. Perforation: 14 ñ

Sheet: 50 ** ∘ Technique: Photo Wmk 1
Designer: G. Rondini
Printer: Officina carte valore
21. 50 c rose car Ovp #5 0,65 € 0,80 €
Sheet: 25 ** ∘
22. 60 c dk org Ovp #5 4,00 €
23. 80 c vio Ovp #5 3,00 € 10,00 €

35. 80 c Org brn & olive 100.000 2,50 € 8,00 €
# 22 was never use in Tripolitania, but was sold at Rome in 1943 by the Postmaster
General for Italian Colonies 36. 1 L Scarl & olive 100.000 2,50 € 9,00 €
37. 2 L Dk blue & brn 100.000 2,50 € 13,00 €

Venus Anadyomene ("Venus Rising From the Sea") was one of the iconic representations of Aph-
85
rodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in Pliny's Na- the S.
tural History, with the anecdote that the great Apelles employed Campaspe, a mistress of Alexan- 2. The axle of V is exactly in axle of T and passes thru the left curve of 9.
der the Great, for his model. According to Athenaeus, the idea of Aphrodite Rising from the Sea 3. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
was inspired by Phryne who during the time of the festivals of the Eleusinia and Poseidonia had no
problem swimming nude in the sea.
The Venus of Cyrene was discovered in 1913, when torrential rains washed away the topsoil at
Overprint 1 - under type Ia.
1. The hook over S in POSTA looks like a heart and is placed close to the S.
Trajan's Baths in the Sanctuary of Apollo, revealing the statue, which soon was transported to
2. The axle of V is exactly in axle of T and passes thru the left curve of 9.
Rome.
A Roman copy of a Hellenistic original, it has been characterized as Aphrodite rising from the sea 3. The second 9 in 1919 is not cut.
(Anadyomene), the arms away from the body, the hands squeezing water from the hair. It is a po-
pular type that allows the display of a beautiful body, as does the Diadumenos, in which the arms
are raised higher to tie a fillet around the head.
Overprint 1 - under type II.

The height of the overprint is 18,8
CZECHOSLOVAKIA mm, the length 27,5 mm. The

height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the
angle is 55°.
1. The hook over S in POSTA is of
(1918-93) different type and is placed higher
and to the right.
2. The axle of V is in the right part
Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 15.5 million (1986). A former republic in central Europe. of T and partially in the right curve
Czechoslovakia comprised the medieval kingdom of Bohemia, which came under Austrian Haps- of 9.
burg rule in 1526, and Slovakia, long a part of the Kingdom of Hungary. During the 19th century, 3. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
as nationalism became a potent force throughout Europe, the desire for independence from Aus-
tro-Hungarian rule grew. With the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I and the subsequent
breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Czechoslovakia became independent. Tensions
between the major ethnic groups were never entirely overcome, and by the mid-1930s there was
considerable sentiment for autonomy in Slovakia, while the German minority in the Sudetenland
Overprint 1 - under type IIa.
sought union with a resurgent Germany. In 1938, Czechoslovakia lost border territories to Ger- 1. + 2. same as type II.
many, Hungary and Poland, and in 1939 the balance of the country was occupied by Germany. 3. The second 9 in 1919 is not cut.
During World War II, both Slovakia and the truncated Czech state, renamed Bohemia-Moravia,
were under German control. In 1945, the country was liberated by Allied forces and the Czechos -
lovak republic was re-established, with the easternmost region, Carpatho-Ukraine detached and
absorbed into the Soviet Union. In February 1948, the communists seized power and by Septem-
ber had effectively suppressed opposition. There followed a long period of violent repression and Hermes - Mercury
purges of liberal party leaders. In January 1968, Alexander Dubeck replaced Antonin Novotny as
party leader and launched a program aimed at establishing a democratic communist system. The 1919 Perforation: 12 ½
Soviet Union feared that the success of such reforms would weaken its control over its Eastern

European satellites, and relations between the two governments became increasingly cool. In Au-
Technique: Unwmk
gust, Soviet, Polish, East German, Hungarian and Bulgarian forces invaded Czechoslovakia and
put an end to the liberalization. Nearly a third of the Czechoslovak Communist Party members Designer:
were expelled, and some 40,000 Czechs fled the country. The government thereafter maintained a
repressive, staunchly pro-Soviet policy. In 1989, a democratic government was established, and in Printer:
1990, the country was renamed the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. In July of that year, Slo-
vakia declared sovereignty, and an agreement was quickly reached to dissolve the Czech and Slo- Sheet: ** ∘
vak union. On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
7. 2 h claret Ovp 2 40,00 € 35,00 €
8. 5 h Dk green Ovp 2 1.200,00 € 90,00 €
This overprint was used on special delivery stamps. Catalogue number Pofis /
Trojan 55 and 56.
Ovp ARQ #2
Ovp ARQ #3 Overprint 2 - group "a" - type I.
The height of the
overprint is 10,5
Ovp ARQ #1
mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Hermes - Mercury height of the
letters is 2,6
1919 Perforation: Imperforated  mm, the angle
0º.
Technique: Unwmk 1. The axle of T
passes between
Designer: O and V and
between 1 and
Printer: 9.
2. The vertical distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 1 mm.
Sheet: ** ∘ 3. In the left part of K is a cut, in the upper part of S is a deep cut.
4. The hook over C and the strech over A touch the letters.
1. 10 f Carmin 250 2.500,00 € 2.000,00 € 5. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Overprint 2 - group "a" - type II.
Hermes - Mercury The height of the
overprint is 10,5
1919 Perforation: Imperforated  mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Technique: Unwmk height of the
letters is 2,6 mm,
Designer: the angle 0º.
1. The axle of T
Printer: touch the left part
of V and 9.
Sheet: ** ∘ 2. The vertical
distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 1,2 mm. 3. The K is without the
2. 2 h brown Ovp 1 0,20 € 0,20 € cut, no cut in S. The middle strech of E is longer 4. The hook over C and the strech
over A touch the letters.
3. 4 h green Ovp 1 0,25 € 0,25 € 5. The letter A is more closed (than in type III) 6. The second 9 in 1919 is cut. 7. In
POSTA is a smal dot between O and S.
4. 6 h dk blue Ovp 1 0,20 € 0,20 €
Overprint 2 - group "a" - type III.
5. 10 h orange Ovp 1 2,75 € 2,75 € The height of the
overprint is 10,5
6. 30 h claret Ovp 1 1,10 € 1,10 € mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Overprint 1- type I. height of the let-
The height of the overprint is 18,5 ters is 2,6 mm,
mm, the length 27,5 mm. The the angle 0º.
height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the 1. The axle of T
angle is 55°. nearly passes the
1. The hook over S in POSTA looks left part of V and
like a heart and is placed close to touches the 9.
86
2. The vertical distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 0,9 mm. 3. The
K is without the cut, no cut in S.
4. The hook over C and the strech over A are placed near to the letters.
5. The letter A is more open (than type II)
6. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Hermes - Mercury
1919 Perforation: 12 ½ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer: # 13 Tomahawk
# 14 Haida totem
# 17
poles # 15 Kachina good
and rock art spirit of the Hopis
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
9. 2 h Carm. Ovp 3 (blue) 0,60 € 0,35 €
a Vert. imperf 250,00 €
10. 2 h Carm. Ovp 3 (black) 60,00 € 35,00 €
a Perforation 11 ½ 0,80 € 0,50 €

# 12 Canoe and teepee # 16 Hunting the buffalo
11. 5 h Green 0,25 € 0,25 €
a Perforation 11 ½ 0,50 € 0,50 €

# 18
Overprint 3 has three types. This overprint was used on stamps Pofis / Trojan 57,
58 and 111 - 118. North american indians
Overprint 3 - type I. 1966, 20 Jun. Perforation: 11 ¼ x 11 ¾  Technique: Engraved
Unwmk Designer:
12. 20 h vio bl & dp org 5.985.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
13. 30 h blk & lt org 6.695.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
14. 40 h blk & lt bl 2.930.000 0,20 € 0,20 €

The height of the
overprint is 16,0 mm, the length 27,2 mm. The height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the 15. 60 grn & yel 5.920.000 0,25 € 0,20 €
angle is 24º.
1. The hook over S look a like a heart and is placed close to the S. 16. 1 K pur & emer 4.260.000 0,25 € 0,20 €
2. The first K in CESKOSLOVENSKA is open.
17. 1,20 K vio bl & rose lil 1.525.000 0,30 € 0,30 €
3. The third S in CESKOSLOVENSKA is laden at the topp, not cut.
4. The word POSTA and 1919 are hardly noticeably displaced to the right multicolor 1,60 € 0,90 €
18. 1,40 K 536.000
compared to type II
5. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Overprint 3 - type II. Ales Hrdlicka & Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
1969, 17 Jun. Perforation: 11 ½ x 12 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
The height of the

overprint is 16,0 mm, the length 27,5 mm. The height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the
angle is 22º.
1. The hook over S look a like a heart and is placed close to the S. (almost same 19. 1,80 K blk ultra & ocher 2.835.000 0,35 € 0,20 €
as type I) Czech anthropologist who lived in the United States. He was one of the first scientists to argue that
2. The first K in CESKOSLOVENSKA is closed. the Indians migrated across the Bering Strait from Asia, supporting this theory with detailed field
3. The third S in CESKOSLOVENSKA is cut. research. He became the first curator of physical anthropology of the U.S. National Museum
4. The word POSTA and 1919 are hardly noticeably displaced to the left
Centurio, engraved by Oskar Spiel
compared to type I. 5. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Overprint 3 - type III. 1981, 27 Nov Perforation: 11 ¾ 
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
The height of the

overprint is 16,5 mm, the length 27,2 mm. The height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the 20. 2 K blk ultra & ocher 2.532.000 0,35 € 0,20 €
angle is 25º.
1. The hook over S is angular and is placed higher and a little bit to the left.
2. The first K in CESKOSLOVENSKA is closed (as type II).
3. The third S in CESKOSLOVENSKA is same as type I.
4. The word POSTA displaced to the right so the axle of T pass between S and L. 5.
The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
87
CZECH REPUBLIC
(1993-)
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 10,318,958. A republic in central Europe, comprising the
Czech portion of the former Czechoslovakia, corresponding to the historic Bohemia. The Czech
Republic became a separate independent state on January 1, 1993, and has continued the steady
progress toward a free-market economy begun in 1989. The Czech Republic joined NATO in
1999.
PS01 Hermes -
Mercury
1998 
Print:
4,60 K
** ∘
Darwin
2009, 2 Jan. Perforation: 11 ½ 
Designer: P. Dovorsky / J. Tvrdon
Printer: Post Printing House
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
1. 12 K Multicolor
88

Archaeostamps - C

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Archaeostamps - C

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ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –

Índice de contenido CÁDIZ SPANISH LOCAL ISSUE

10. 50+5 c dk blue 6,50 € 6,50 €

11. 5 c Red & yellow

Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 11,163,861. A constitutional monarchy in south-east Asia.

1. 200 F Green & ultra 0,90 € 0,60 €

7. 1500 r Multicolor 1,00 € 1,00 € Hermes – Mercury

Tech.: 2. 5 c Brn olive 42,50 € 20,00 €

Designer: 3. 6 c Surch #1 on stamp #1 7,00 € 3,25 €

Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ a Imperf. Pair 150,00 €

9. 5400 r Multicolor 3,50 € 3,50 € b Double surch 500,00 €

c Triple surch 225,00 €

d Pair one without surch 600,00 €

CAMEROUN Hermes – Mercury

4. 6 c Surch #2 on stamp #2 20,00 € 10,00 €

Perf.: 12 Algonquian speaking indians

Tech.: 1972, 4 Oct. P.: 12 ½ x 12 

Printer: Canadian Bank Note Co. Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:

7. 10 c Blk brn 0,65 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘

1,25 € 0,20 € Thunderbird Ceremonial sun

Kayak a Fluorecent paper 0,40 € 0,25 €

15. 8 c Multicolor normal paper 0,30 € 0,20 €

a Ovpt thick “G” 1,75 € 1,25 € Tech.: Litho

Technique: Unwmk 16. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €

Designer: 17. 8 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €

Printer: a Pair 0,60 € 0,50 €

11. 7 c Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € Algonquian speaking indians

Thunderbird Algonquian man Iroquois

a Pair 0,60 € 0,50 € Tech.: Litho

Pacific coast indians Designer:

1974, 16 Jan. Printer: Sheet: ** ∘

28. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €

Perf.: 13 ½ Crowfoot (1830-1890) Blackfoot chief

Montagnais-Nas-kapì artifacts Dace of the kutcha-kutchin Unwmk Technique: Unwmk

Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:

24. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘

25. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € 33. 34 c Multicolor 0,50 € 0,25 €

a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 €

Tech: Litho Unwmk Printer:

Printer: 34. 45 c Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €

27. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Technique: Unwmk

a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 € Designer:

35. 45 c Multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 €

Shaman 12. 40 c red /straw 18,00 € 18,00 €

1999, 31 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½ x 13 13. 50 c car /rose 20,00 € 20,00 €

Chief Membertou 21. 10 c lavender 2,50 € 2,00 €

2007, 26 Jul. Perforation: 13 22. 15 c gray 2,50 € 2,00 €

29. 50 c brn /az 50,00 € 40,00 €

CANTON FRENCH POST OFFICE

a Inv INDO-CHINE 28.750,00 €

31. 1 F brnz grn / straw 40,00 € 37,50 €

2. 2 c brn / buff 1,10 € 1,10 €

3. 1 c green 0,85 € 0,75 € 38. 10 $ E rose ('26) 19,00 € 14,00 €

4. 1½ c lila brn 0,20 € 0,20 € 39. 20 $ E turq ('26) 50,00 € 38,00 €

a Perf. 12 x 11 ½ 0,20 € 0,20 €

13. 30 c brn /green 3,50 € 3,50 €

Technique: Typo Unwmk Sheet: ** ∘

28. 30 c gray grn 0,50 € 0,50 € 1949 Perforation: 12 x 11 ½ 

35. 1 $ E dk blue ('26) 4,60 € 2,80 €

36. 2 $ E dk vio 4,50 € 2,80 €

37. 5 $ E buff ('26) 7,50 € 6,00 €

CASTELLORIZO 1893, 1 Apr. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½ 

a Carmn surch. 15,00 € 8,50 €