Muc luc

Bai 1:
Chuan o cac acid bang phep o
pH.tr.2
Bai 2:
Nghien cu quang trac pho pham mau
E131.tr.9
Bai 3:
Chuan o bang phep o o dan cac acid bang
xut.tr.14
Bai 4:
Chuan o ien
thetr.20
Bai 5:
Mot so th nghiem ve an
mon..tr.25

BAI 1
CHUAN O CAC AXIT BANG PHEP O pH
I. Muc ch th nghiem
Xac nh nong o cua mot dung dch axt bang cach s dung s
thay oi pH cua no trc va sau iem tng ng trong qua trnh
chuan o bang mot dung dch xut co nong o a biet. Mot axt
manh, axt clohydric va mot axt yeu etanoic se c chuan o. at
A la axt ( HCl hoac CH3COOH ) vi nong o CA va B la axt vi
nong o a biet la CB .

II. Ly thuyet
Trong bai thc hanh nay , viec xac nh nong o cha biet CA
c thc hien bang phep o pH. Can quan tam trc tien ti
phan ng chuan o va sau o la viec xac nh iem tng
ng.
1.
Cac phan ng chuan o

Phan ng gia HCl va NaOH:

HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H 2O
H OH
H 2O
1
K cb
K n1 1014 103

[ H ][OH ]
Phn ng la nh lng

Ti iem tng ng, phn ng xy ra va :

nHCl = nNaOH = CMNaOH.VNaOH
CMHCl = CMNaOH.VNaOH / VHCl

Gia CH3COOH va NaOH:

CH3COOH + NaOH
CH 3COONa + H 2O
CH 3COOH + OH -
CH 3COO + H 2O

[CH 3COO ]
[CH 3COO ][ H ]
K cb

[CH 3COOH ][OH ] [CH 3COOH ][OH ][ H ]

K a .K n1 104,7 14 109,3 103
Trong o Ka = 10-4,7 la hng s axt ca CH3COOH
Phn ng la nh lng

Ti iem tng ng, phn ng xy ra va :

nCH3COOH = nNaOH = CMNaOH.VNaOH

CM' CH COOH
3

CM
.VNaOH
NaOH
VCH COOH
3

2.
Xac nh iem tng ng trong phep o pH
Viec nghien cu ng cong pH = f(v) ch ra rang iem tng
ng la :
Mot diem uon
Tam oi xng trong chuan o mot axt manh bang mot
baz manh
Viec xac nh diem tng ng co the thc hien bang hai cach :

Nghien cu tiep tuyen uon bang cach tnh ao ham

dpH
d 2 pH
bac hai
hoac theo cc tr ao ham bac nhat
.Cong
2
dv
dv
viec nay c ho tr bang viec s dung Logiciel

S dung cach xac nh bang o th : phng phap

tiep tuyen.
Phng phap nay thch hp mot cach chac chan vi ng cong
oi xng trong trng hp chuan o axt manh bang baz manh.Tuy
nhien , neu ng cong gan nh oi xng th cung co the ap
dung phng phap nay.

III. Thc nghiem

1.

Dng c th nghim:
ien cc ket hp thuy tinh so sanh
1 my khuy t + nam chm
1 burette 25ml
1 pipette 10ml
1eprouvette 100ml
1 becher 150ml
3 becher 50ml
qu bp cao su
giy lc
3 l ng dd NaOH 0,5M, dd HCl v dd CH3COOH cha r nng

2. S thit b th nghim:

Cht chun
B(xt)

my o dn

cht chun
A(axt)

phn t o
Milivonmet

my khuy t Thoi nam chm

Cac chu y khi lam th nghiem:

Khi s dung o thuy tinh: o thuy tinh chnh xac

dung trong bai nay : pipette va burette tuan thu cac ghi
nh ve viec lay chat long va oc the tch.

S dung ien cc thuy tinh so sanh

3.
Nhan xet s bo:
Muc ch cua chuan o la xac nh the tch tng ng Ve .Gia
tr chnh xac cua o pH la khong can thiet, quan trong la s bien
oi cua no.Co the bo qua viec kiem nh cac ien cc pH =
9.Ngc lai , ieu nay lai can thiet cho viec khao sat cac ng
nh viec la chon ch th mau hoac viec o pK cua mot so axt
yeu.
Viec xac nh iem tng ng trong phep o pH oi hoi o trong
khoang the tch rat nho xung quanh the tch tai iem tng ng Ve
cha biet.Do o can thc hien chuan o o mau nhanh s bo e
nh v the tch Ve trong khoang V1 , V2 tng ng vi s oi mau
cua chat ch th.Viec chuan o lan sau ch thu hep cac the tch
o pH trong khoang V1 0,5 ml va V2 + 0,5 ml

IV. Chuan o axt clohydric

1.
Cac bc tien hanh th nghiem.
i. Chuan o lan au : o mau nhanh
Rot vao bnh 10 ml axt clohydric ( dung pipette nh mc ) va 2
giot ch th bromothymol xanh.Dung dch chuyen sang mau vang
Cho dan tng 1 ml xut khong can chnh xac ve the tch , lac
dung dch
Ghi lai khoang oi mau t mau vang sang mau xanh l :
Dung dch co mau vang ti V1 = 11 ml
Dung dch co mau xanh bat au t the tch V2 = 12 ml tr i
ii. Chuan o lan hai : phep o pH chnh xac
Sau o tien hanh kiem nh cac ien cc (xem ch dan tren
may)

 Lay vao bnh 10 ml axt clohydric ( dung pipette nh mc ),them

vao 60 ml nc (ong ong) e cho cac ien cc c nhung vao
trong dung dch
Them vao tng ml xut cho ti (V1 0,5 )ml.Sau o lam viec vi
tng 0,2 ml cho ti V2 + 0,5 ml.Xung quanh the tch Ve , cac gia tri
cua pH khong on nh
i cho pH on nh trc khi oc gia tr.Tiep theo lai them tng
3V
ml xut cho ti v e
2

2. X l so lieu
V(ml)
pH

0
1,0

V(ml)

9,9

pH

2,3
3
12,
3
11,
3

V(ml)
pH

1
1,2
9
10,
1
2,4
0
12,
5
11,
44

2
1,4
1
10,
3
2,4
7
13

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9,5
9,7
1,48 1,54 1,61 1,70 1,80 1,92 2,0 2,19 2,27
8
10,5 10,7 10,9 11,1 11,3 11,5 11, 11,9 12,1
7
2,60 2,72 2,84 3,11 3,44 5,84 9,5 10,6 11,1
2
1
5
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

11,
67

11,9 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,4 12,

6
3
4
3
0
6
5

Dung SYNCHRONIE ve ng cong pH = f(v) ta co :

T th ta xc nh c Ve 11,5789
Nng dd HCl trong becher sau khi pha long:

C M NaOH .Ve
0,1.11,5789
=
= 0,0165 mol/l
Vo
70
Nng dd HCl ban u:
C MHCl =

C MHCl =0,1158mol/l

Sai so:

V o axit 10ml , V o axit 0, 05ml , Ve 0, 05%Ve

C o MHCl

0, 05.11,5789
5, 7895.103 ml
100

CMNaOH Ve
V o axit

C o MHCl CMNaOH
Ve
V o axit
5, 7895.103 0, 05

5,5.103
C o MHCl
CMNaOH
Ve
V o axit
11,5789
10

C o MHCl C o MHCl .5,5.103 0,1158.5,5.103 0, 6369.103

C o MHCl 0,1158 0, 6369.10 3 mol / l .

V. Chuan o axt etanoic:

Tien hanh tng t nh trong phan chuan o axt clohydric , co
ieu khac la s dung ch th mau phenolphtalein , dung dch se
chuyen t khong mau sang mau hong
Dung dch co mau vang ti V1 = 13 ml
Dung dch co mau xanh bat au t the tch V2 = 14 ml tr
i
Lap bang cac gia tr o c ta co :
V(ml)
pH
V(ml)
pH
V(ml)
pH

7,2
2
17

7
4,7
3
13,
7
8,4
7
18

8
4,8
1
13,
9
9,5
6
19

9
5,0
3
14,
1
10,
17
20

11,
91

12,
07

12,
19

12,
28

0
3,0
0
12

1
3,4
6
12,5

2
3,1
7
12,7

3
4,0
1
12,9

4
4,1
5
13,1

5
4,3
0
13,3

6
4,5
9
13,5

5,7
7
14,
7
10,
85

6,0
4
14,
9
11,
02

6,1
3
15,
1
11,
23

6,2
8
15,
3
11,
34

6,4
4
15,
5
11,
47

6,7
4
16
11,
65

10
5,2
1
14,
3
10,
46

11
5,4
4
14,
5
10,
70

Dung SYNCHRONIZE ve ng cong pH = f(v) ta co :

T th ta xc nh c Ve = 13,75 ml
Nng dd HCl trong becher sau khi pha long:

C MCH3COOH =

CM NaOH .Ve
0,1x13,75
=
= 0,01964 mol/l
Vo
70

Nng dd CH3COOH ban u:

CoMCH3COOH = 0,01964.70 / 10 = 0,1375 mol/l

 Sai so :
V o axit 10ml , V o axit 0, 05ml , Ve 0, 05%Ve
C o MCH3COOH

0, 05.13, 75
6,875.10 3 ml
100

CMNaOH Ve
V o axit

C o MCH3COOH
C o MCH3COOH

CMNaOH
Ve
V o axit
6,875.103 0, 05

o
0

5,5.103
CMNaOH
Ve
V axit
13, 75
10

C o MCH3COOH C o MCH 3COOH .5,5.103 0,1375.5,5.103 75, 625.10 3

C o MCH3COOH 0,1375 75, 625.103 mol / l

VI. Ket luan :

Trong dung dch xut ac,cac ion natri chiem nhng lo trong
thuy tinh do o the cua ien cc thuy tinh phu thuoc vao cac ion
hidroni va cac ion natri chiem lo trong.Qua trnh xay ra nh la ien
cc thuy tinh co nh nhieu ion hidroni hn la xay ra trong thc te;
v vay gia tri pH o dc nho hn gia tr thc

BI 2
9

NGHIN CU QUANG TRC PH PHM MU E131

I. Mc ch th nghim:
Mc ch ca bi thc hnh l s dng my ph quang k :
V ph hp th ca mt cht mu E131 trong dung dch
Xc nh khong nng trong p dng nh lut BEER LABERT
Chun E131 trong dung dch cha bit nng
Phm mu E131 l phm mu thc phm.
Cng thc nguyn ca E131 l C54H62CaN4O14S4, mui canxi ca triphnylmtan
Khi lng mol l M = 1159 g/mol.

II. L thuyt:
Php o ph quang l s nghin cu nh lng tng tc gia nh sng v vt cht
Khi nh sng i qua mt cht th mt phn i qua v mt phn b hp th
Mt cht c mu s hp th trong min kh kin ca bc x in t 400nm< <750nm
nh lut Beer Lambert:
Gi s c mt cc di l cha dung dch cht mu c nng C v c chm sng n sc
bc sng i qua dung dch ny: gi I0() l cng tia i qua. S hp th nh sng bi dung
dch c c trng bi hai i lng: truyn qua v hp th
truyn qua T l phn trm nh sng i qua dung dch
( ) I S ( )
T ( ) S

0 ( ) I 0 ( )
I ( )
1
lg 0
hp th A thng cn gi l mt quang, c nh ngha bi: A( ) lg
T ( )
I S ( )

I0

IS

10

Io

o
S

IS

S
S

Thc nghim cho thy khi dung dch cht hp th khng c th s hp th A( ) nhit
cho t l vi di l ca cc v nng C ca cht hp th, iu ny th hin bi nh lut Beer
Lambert:
A( ) ( ).l.c
( ) l h s hp th mol hay hp th mol theo n v chiu di ca cht nghin cu. H s
ny ph thuc:
Bn cht ca cht
Bc sng nh sng
Bn cht ca dung mi
Nhit
hp th l i lng khng th nguyn; theo cc n v ph hp ca h SI, l l di tnh
theo m, nng tnh theo mol/m3, cho nn ( ) biu th theo m2/mol

III. Thc hnh

1.
Thit b th nghim
Cc thit b c b tr nh hnh:

PH QUANG K

n v my lc n sc
T bo quang in

Cuvette
Ngoi ra, cn c cc burette v pipette c chia , qu bp cao su, giy lc

2.
a.

V quang ph hp th ca dung dch E131

Cc bc tin hnh:
Nng dung dch chn ban u l 1 mg/l
Thc hin o hp th A ca dung dch t = 350nm n = 750nm, tng 20nm, ri thu
hp cc php o tng 10nm max

Kt qu:
11

 , nm
AE131
, nm
AE131

550
0,054

570
0,112

590
0,221

610
0,312

620
0,407

630
0,547

660
0,285

670
0,142

690
0,224

710
0,005

730
0,001

750
0,000

640
0,610

650
0,485

b.

X l s liu:
T bng s liu, ta v ng cong A = f( )

Vy: max = 640nm

3.
a.

V ng cong Berr Lambert cho = max

Cc bc tin hnh:
12

Chun b 8 l dung dch E131, th tch 20ml theo bng

N0 ca bnh
Th tch phm mu
Th tch nc
Nng , mg/l

1
1
19
1

2
2
18
2

3
3
17
3

4
4
16
4

5
5
15
5

6
6
14
6

7
10
10
10

8
14
6
14

C nh bc sng = 650nm v o hpth A cho tng dung dch t dung dch long nht
Kt qu
C, mg/l
A

1
0,202

2
0,407

3
0,610

4
0,808

5
1,017

6
1,218

10
>2

14
>2

b.
X l s liu:
T s liu thu c, ta v th A = f (C)

Theo nh lut Beer Lambert th A = k.C, chng trnh Synchronie cho php ta tnh c
ng chun bm st nht vi cc s liu o c: l ng A = 0,2025.C
13

Ta thy rng trong khong nng t 1mg/l n 10mg/l ( th nghim) th tun theo nh lut
tuyn tnh ca Beer Lambert.

4.
Chun E131 trong sn phm
Sn phm th trng m ta chn l Cool Mint Listerine.
Thc hin vic o hp th A ca sn phm, ta thu c: A = 0,510, gi tr ny nm trong
vng tuyn tnh ca ng A = f(C).
Lm long sn phm chn cho hp th A ca sn phm c lm long tun theo nh
lut Beer Lambert. Dng mt pipette chia 10ml ly phm mu v mt chic khc ly
nc ct.
Kt hp vi ng chun, ta suy ra c nng ca E131 trong sn phm:
Vy C = 2,5123 mg/l
pha long l :

2,5123
100% 12,5615%
20

Sai s
Sai s ca nng pha long l 0,05.12,5615% = 0,628%.
Kt lun: pha long : (12,5615 0,628)%.

BI 3
CHUN BNG PHP O DN CC AXT BNG XT
I. Mc ch th nghim:

14

Mc ch ca bi th nghim ny l xc nh nng ca 1 dung dch axt bng cch s dng s

thay i kh nng dn (hoc dn) ca n trc v sau im tng ng trong qu trnh
chun bi 1 dung dch xt c nng xc nh. Trong bi ny ta chun 1 axt mnh (axt
clohidric) v 1 axt yu (axt etanoic).

II. L thuyt
1.
L thuyt
Phn ng gia HCl v NaOH:
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H 2O
H OH
H 2O

Vy: K cb

1
K w1 1014 10 3

[ H ][OH ]

Phn ng l nh lng, xy ra hon ton

Ti im tng ng, phn ng xy ra va :

nHCl = nNaOH = CMNaOH.VNaOH

CM

HCl

CM

NaOH

.VNaOH

VHCl

Gia CH3COOH v NaOH:

CH 3COOH + NaOH
CH 3COONa + H 2O
CH 3COOH + OH -
CH 3COO + H 2O

K cb

[CH 3COO ]
[CH 3COO ][ H ]

[CH 3COOH ][OH ] [CH 3COOH ][OH ][ H ]

K a .K n1 104,7 14 109,3 103

Trong Ka = 10-4,7 l hng s axt ca CH3COOH
Phn ng l nh lng, xy ra hon ton

Ti im tng ng, phn ng xy ra va

nCH3COOH = nNaOH = CMNaOH.VNaOH

CM

CH3COOH

CM NaOH .VNaOH
VCH3COOH

2.
Xc nh im tng ng trong php o dn
t: V0: Th tch ban u ca dd axt
V : Th tch xt thm vo
s : dn ca dd c o t thc nghim
V V0
'
l dn hiu chnh do pha long
V0
S biu din s ph thuc vo V cho mt th dng hai ng thng c s thay i dc
im tng ng.
15

III. Thc nghim

a.

b.

Dng c th nghim:
my o dn
my khuy t + nam chm
cc burette, pipette, eprouvette, becher o th tch
qu bp cao su
giy lc
3 l ng dd NaOH 0,5M, dd HCl v dd CH3COOH cha r nng
S thit b th nghim:

Cht chun
B(xt)

my o dn

cht chun
A(axt)

phn t o

my khuy t

nam chm

Cc ch khi th nghim
S dng burette v pipette tun th nhng ch dn ly cht v c th tch lin
quan ti loi dng c thy tinh chnh xc ny
S dng phn t o dn theo ng hng dn
Vic chun khng cn bit n gi tr hng s K ca phn t o
Lm vic vi 1 th tch nc ln trong dd chun nhm hn ch s thay i
th tch trnh s tng nhit do phn ng ta nhit v gim thiu tng tc gia cc
ion khc nhau

IV. Chun o dn axit clohydric bng xt

Cc bc tin hnh
Ly vo bnh o 10ml axt clohidric chun bng pipette nh mc v 90ml nc bng
ng ong. Lc ny Vo = 100ml
Khng lc, la chn thang o s thch hp
16

 o s cho V = 0ml
Thm tng 0,5ml cht B ti chng 6ml gn th tch tng ng gi nh, bit rng cc dd c
nng gn bng 0,5mol/l
Khng thu hp cc php o xung quanh im tng ng
Dng khuy o
Kim sot nhit v ch s n nh ca n so vi gi tr ban u trc mi ln thm 1 th
tch mi cht B

Kt qu th nghim

V(ml)
0,0
0.5
1,0
1.5
2,0
2.5
3,0
3.5
4,0
4.5
5,0
s(mS/cm) 21,94 21,40 20,68 19,84 19,10 18,39 17,62 16,77 15,84 15,22 14,46
V(ml)
5.5
6,0
6.5
7,0
7.5
8,0
8.5
9,0
9.5
10,0 10.5
s(mS/cm) 13,75 12,95 12,24 11,55 10,84 10,16 9,46 8,79 8,12 7,46 6,71
V(ml)
11,0 11.5 12,0 12.5 13,0 13.5 14,0 14,5 15
15,5
16
S(mS/cm) 6,05 5,67 5,90 6,44 6,82 7,29 7,72 8,15 8,56 8,95 9,35
(V0 = 100ml)
M phng cc s liu thu c, ta c:

17

T th, ta suy ra Ve 11,3816 ml

nng dd HCl sau khi pha long l: CM'

HCl

CM

NaOH

.VNaOH

VHCl

11,3816.0,5
100

= 0,05691(mol/l)
0, 04315.100
Vy, nng dd HCl ban u l: CM HCl =
= 0,5691(mol/l)
10
Sai s :
0, 05.11,3816
V o axit 10ml , V o axit 0, 05ml , Ve 0, 05%Ve
5, 6908.103 ml
100
C
Ve
CMHCl MNaOH
o
V axit

C o MHCl
CMNaOH
Ve
V o axit
5, 6908.103 0, 05

5,5.103
o
o
C MHCl
CMNaOH
Ve
V axit
11,3816
10

CMHCl CMHCl .5,5.103 0,5691.103.5,5.103 3,1301.10 6

C o MHCl (0,5691 3,1301.103 ).103 mol / ml
Khuynh hng bin thin nng cc ion:

Th tch xt thm vo
V=0
V < Ve
V = Ve
V > Ve

[H+]
0,05691mol/l
Gim
0
0

[Cl-]
0,05691mol/l
Gim
Gim
Gim

[Na+]
0
Tng
Tng
Tng

[OH-]
0
0
0
Tng

V. Chun o dn axit tanoic bng xt

Cc bc tin hnh tng t nh i vi axit clohydric
Kt qu th nghim
V(ml)
s(mS/cm)
V(ml)
s(mS/cm)
V(ml)
s(mS/cm)

0,0
0.5
1,0
1.5
2,0
2.5
3,0
3.5
4,0
4.5
5,0
0,386 0,343 0,507 0,679 0,861 1,065 1,224 1,426 1,589 1,781 1,933
5.5
6,0
6.5
7,0
7.5
8,0
8.5
9,0
9.5
10,0 10.5
2,137 2,277 2,46 2,64 2,79 2,95 3,12 3,43 3,58 3,73 4,02
11,0 11.5 12,0 12.5 13,0 13.5 14,0 14,5 15,0 15,5 16,0
4,18 4,32 4,47 4,84 5,27 5,63 6,07 6,48 6,98 7,36 7,70

(V0 = 100ml)

18

Ta c th m phng cc gi tr thu c

T th, ta suy ra Ve = 12 ml

nng dd CH3COOH sau khi pha long l:

CM CH COOH
'

CM
.VNaOH
NaOH

VCH COOH
3

0,5.12
=
= 0,06(mol/l)
100

Vy, nng dd CH3COOH ban u l:

CMCH COOH =
3

0, 06.100
= 0,6(mol/l).
10

19

 Sai s:
V o axit 10ml , V o axit 0, 05ml , Ve 0, 05%.Ve
CMCH 3COOH

0, 05.12
6, 00.10 3 ml
100

CMNaOH Ve
V o axit

CMCH 3COOH
CMCH 3COOH

CMNaOH
Ve
V o axit
6, 00.103 0, 05

o
0

5,5.10 3
CMNaOH
Ve
V axit
12
10

CMCH 3COOH CMCH 3COOH .5, 5.103 0, 6.103.5,5.103 3,3.10 6

CMCH 3COOH (0, 6 3,3.10 3 ).103 mol / l

Khuynh hng bin thin nng cc ion:

Xt s phn ly ca axt etanoic:
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
0,06-xv
xv
xv
[CH 3COO ][ H ]
v2
Ka

104,7
[CH 3COOH ]
0, 06 v
v 0, 001mol / l
Th tch xt thm vo
V=0
V < Ve
V = Ve
V > Ve

[H+]
0,0011mol/l
Gim
0
0

[CH3COO-]
0,0011mol/l
Khng xc nh
Gim
Gim

[Na+]
0
Tng
Tng
Tng

[OH-]
0
0
0
Tng

Nhn xt:
dc ca hai ng thng sau im tng ng trong trng hp ca 2 axt l nh nhau v
s tng dn in ca dd sau im tng ng trong c 2 trng hp u ch ph thuc vo
s tng ion Na+ v OH- tc l ph thuc lng NaOH thm vo dd.

BAI 4
20

CHUAN O IEN THE

I. Muc ch th nghiem :
Muc ch cua bai thc hanh la xac nh nong o cha biet
(at la CA) cua dung dch kh Fe 2 bang cach s dung s thay
oi the cua no trong qua trnh chuan o bang dung dch oxy hoa
Ce4 co nong o a biet la CB = 10-2 mol.l-1.
Xac nh bang thc nghiem cac gia tr the chuan cua cac
cap oxy hoa kh trong bai.
The Edd cua dung dch c rut ra t gia tr o bang
milivonmet cua Suat ien ong ep cua pin tao bi ien cc ket
hp Platin so sanh sao cho ep = Edd Ess = E 0,247 V ( theo nha che
tao ien cc ket hp )
Nh vay Edd = ep + 0,247 V
II. Ly thuyet
Co the oc c trong bang cac d kien cua cac the
chuan sau :
E 0 (Ce 4 / Ce3 ) E B0 1, 44V
E 0 ( Fe3 / Fe 2 ) E A0 0, 77V
1.1

Phan ng chuan o :

Phan ng xay ra gia Ce4 va Fe 2

Fe 2 Ce 4 Ce3 Fe 3
Hang so can bang

1 x (1,44 0,77)
0,06

K cb 10
1, 467 x1011 103
Phan ng nh lng, xay ra hoan toan.
Tai iem tng ng, phan ng xay ra va u :
nFe2 nCe4 CM 2 .VFe2 C B .VE
Fe

CM

1.2

Fe 2

CB .VE
VFe2

Xac nh iem tng ng trong phep o ien the:

Da vao cac cap oxyhoa - kh dung trong phep chuan o

va noi tren e thiet lap mot pin ie. o th cua suat
ien ong ep cua pin nay phu thuoc vao the tch V them vao
trong dung dch chuan o la mot ng con co 1 iem uon
tai iem tng ng. Trong trng hp ac biet nay, iem

21

uon tng ng vi 1 cc ai cua ao ham bac nhat

V Ve
III. Thc nghiem

d ( pe )
tai
dv

3.1 Thiet b th nghiem :

Chat B chuan o Ce 4

ien cc ket hp
Platin so sanh
Chat A chuan o Fe 2

May o pH
3.2

May khuay t

Thoi nam cham

Hng dan van hanh:

* S dung o thuy tinh:

o thuy tinh chnh xac:pipette nh mc va burette tuan thu
hng dan laychat va oc the tch.
* S dung ien cc ket hp Platin so sanh.
3.3

Chu thch s bo :

* Trong phep o ien the, cac ket qua suat ien ong can
c thu hep xung quanh iem tng ng.
* Gan iem tng ng, cac gia tr cua suat ien ong e p
khong on nh. Can phai i cho dung dch roi mi ghi cac gia tr.
3.4
Tien hanh chuan o :
3.4.1 Chuan o bang phep o mau nhanh e nh v
Ve :
Lay vao Erlen mot the tch th E la 10ml dung dch Fe 2
(pipette nh mc) co nong o cha biet C A va 2giot
orthophenantrolin sat.
22

Cho vao o tng mililit dung dch Ce 4 , nong o

CB 102 mol .l 1 lac eu dung dch.
Ghi lai khoang nong o trong o co s thay oi mau sac
:
Dung dch o da cam ti v V1 9ml
Dung dch o da cam ti v V2 10ml
3.4.2 Chuan o ien the ke chnh xac:
Lay vao coc 10ml dung dch Fe 2 (pipette nh mc) va
them vao 60ml nc ( ong ong ) e cho ien cc ket hp Pt so
sanh nhung vao trong dung dch.
Them tng 1 ml dung dch Ce4 ti v 8,5 ml. Sau o lam
viec vi tng 0,2 ml ti v 9,5 ml. Xung quanh Ve , cac gia tr cua
suat ien ong khong on nh. Phai ch e cho dung dch on
nh, sau o them tng 1 ml dung dch Ce4 ti v 2V2 . o suat ien
ong ep cua pin sau moi lan them dung dch phan ng.
Lap bang cac gia tr o c cua ep va v.
Ve ng cong Edd g (v)
3.4.3 Ket qua th nghiem:
V,ml
Ep,mV
V,ml
Ep,mV
V,ml
Ep,mV
V,ml
Ep,mV
V,ml
Ep,mV

3.5

0
253
8
275
9,9
300
13
323
21
337

1
257
8,5
277
10,1
304
14
327
22
338

2
260
8,7
278
10,3
306
15
329
23
339

3
265
8,9
279
10,5
309
16
331
24
342

4
268
9,1
283
10,7
310
17
333
25

5
270
9,3
286
10,9
312
18
335
26

6
272
9,5
292
11
313
19
336
27

7
274
9,7
296
12
319
20
337
28

X ly ket qua
23

Dung phan mem Synchronie 2000 mo phong ket qua tren ta

c:

T o th tren c Ve 9, 7109ml :
Vay, nong o Fe 2 ban au:

CM

Fe 2

CB .VE
VFe2

9, 7109.103 mol / l

Sai so:
V o Fe2 10ml , V o Fe2 0, 05ml , Ve 0, 05%Ve
CMFe2

0, 05.9, 7109.103
4,8555.10 6 l
100

CBVe
V o Fe2

C o MFe2
C o MFe2

o
Ve V Fe2
CB
4,8555.106 0, 05

o
0

5,5.103
3
CB
Ve
V Fe2
9, 7109.10
10

CMFe2 CMFe2 .5,5.103 9, 7109.103.5,5.103 53, 410.106

C o MFe2 (9, 7109 0, 0534).103 mol / l

24

Khuynh hng bien thien nong o ion: Ce 4 va Fe 2

The tch them
vao
V 0
V Ve

Fe 2

Ce 4

Giam

0
Tang

V Ve

Tang

V Ve

Tang

Nhan xet: Quanh iem tng ng, s bien oi kho nhan thay
hn so vi bai 1( tn hieu ap ng cham ).

BAI 5
25

MT S TH NGHIM V N MN
IV. Muc ch th nghiem:

Khao sat s an mon cua kim loai va s phan

bo anod va catod. Xem xet cac v tr ion xuat hien
trong qua trnh b an mon cua kim loai.
V. Th nghiem ve an mon sat do am :

Cac ieu kien thc hanh:

Sat nghien cu la mot cai inh c anh
bang giay rap. inh c nhung vao mot dung
dch c chuan b trc.
Dung dch gom: 100ml nc soi, 1g aga, khuay
eu.
Sau o cho tiep 1g NaCl va phenolphtalein 1% trong
etanol(20 giot), Hexaxyanoferrat III kali 1%(10 giot).
2.1

Thc hien cac th nghiem :

2.2.1
Phat hien cac ion Fe2 va OH c
giai phong do an mon.
Hai ion nay c xac nh bang mot phan ng
mau.
Thc hien trong ong nghiem hai th nghiem nho
theo s o sau:
Cho vao moi ong nghiem khoang 2 mililit dung dch
a pha tren. Cho vao ong th nhat vai giot dung
dch OH va ong th 2 vai giot dung dch Fe2 . Quan
sat ta thay c :
2.2

26

ng nghim bn tay tri cha ion OH nn c mu hng

ng nghim bn tay tri cha ion Fe2 nn c mu xanh m
2.2.2
Thc hien th nghiem:
Lay 5 chiec inh sat, dung inh mi khong b g
set, dung giay nham cha sach g hoan toan.
Gap khuc nhieu lan tai mot v tr mot trong nam
chiec inh(inh so 1).
Quan quanh 1 inh bang 1 si day ong, khong
gap khuc (inh so 2).
Quan quanh 1 inh bang 1 si day kem, khong gap
khuc (inh so 3).
Cac inh so 4, so 5 khong gap khuc cung khong
quan day, e nguyen nh ban au.
Lay hai hop Petri va sap xep cac inh theo s o
sau:
27

Rot dung dch con nong vao hai hop Petri phu kn
cac inh, rieng inh so 5 e gac len thanh hop, ch
nhung mot au vao dung dch con nong.
Quan sat s thay oi cua cac inh trong hai hop
Petri.
N 05
N02
N 01
N04

N 03

Hnh chup thc te trc khi xuat hien mau:

2.3 Hien tng quan sat c:

inh so 1: xanh 2 au, o hong tai cho gay.
inh so 2: xanh 2 au inh Fe, o quanh lp Cu.
inh so 3: o 2 au inh Fe, xanh quanh lp Zn.
inh so 4: xanh 2 au, o hong gia.
28

 inh so 5: xanh mui inh Fe nhung trong dung

dch, phan inh con lai khong co mau.

2.4 Giai thch:

inh so 1: do s oxy hoa Fe va s kh Oxy xay ra
ong thi, nhng trong cac vung khac nhau( an
mon khu vc ).
2 au inh xay ra s oxy hoa Fe:
Fe 2e Fe 2

( co mau xanh, Anod )

cho gay xay ra s kh H 2O hoac s kh O2
hoa tan:
29

2 H 2O 2e 2OH H 2
1
O2 H 2O 2e 2OH
2

( mau o hong, Catod )

Cac electron s dung di chuyen t vung Oxy hoa
Fe ti vung kh O2 sau dan vao ben trong mieng
kim loai trong khi s di chuyen cua cac ion dan ti
s ong kn mach ien.
S co mat ban au cua cac ion Na va Cl trong
dung dch tiep xuc vi kim loai lam cho dung dch
dan ien manh hn,ay nhanh s an mon kim loai.
ay la c cau cua Vi pin.
inh so 2:
Fe co tnh kh manh hn Cu nen:
Fe 2e Fe 2 ( mau xanh )
Cac electron di chuyen t vung Oxy hoa Fe sang
cho Cu, tai o cung xay ra phan ng kh :
2 H 2O 2e 2OH H 2

( mau o hong )
1
O2 H 2O 2e 2OH
2

inh so 3:
Zn co tnh kh manh hn Fe nen:
Zn 2e Zn 2

Cac electron di chuyen t vung Oxy hoa Zn ra 2

au inh Fe nen xay ra phan ng kh:
2 H 2O 2e 2OH H 2
1
O2 H 2O 2e 2OH
2

(mau o hong)
2 au inh Fe, cung xay ra hien tng Vi pin nen
xuat hien Fe 2 tan ra trong dung dch va bam len
mieng Zn dan en co mau xanh.
inh so 4: co hien tng tng t inh so 1 nhng
ch khac cho inh so 1 b gay nen tai cho o
co mau am hn nen de quan sat hn.
30

 inh so 5: Mui inh nhung trong dung dch co hien

tng tng t inh so 1 do xuat hien ion Fe2 nen
co mau xanh. Phan ngoai dung dch khong tham
gia vao qua trnh an mon nen khong co hien
tng xay ra.

31