Urdpfi Guidelines Vol2

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Appendi
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TableofContents
1
Implicationsof73rd&74thConstitutionAmendmentAct,1993_______________1
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
Provisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentAct ________________________________________________1
NewRolesandFunctionsofStateTownandCountryPlanningDepartment_________________4
StatusoftheProvisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentActonUrbanLocalBodies_______5
Recommendations_________________________________________________________________________________9
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition
Rehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013______________________________________11
2.1.
2.2.
BasisofthenewAct ______________________________________________________________________________11
KeyFeatures ______________________________________________________________________________________11
ModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985__________15
3.1
3.2
Keyfeatures_______________________________________________________________________________________15
Suggestedmodificationsinthelaw______________________________________________________________16
ModelMunicipalLaw,2003____________________________________________________21
4.1.
4.2.
Keyfeatures_______________________________________________________________________________________21
SuggestedchangesintheLaw___________________________________________________________________22
4.2.1. Clause(s)forinclusioninthepresentMML____________________________________________23
4.2.2. AdditionalProvisions____________________________________________________________________25
StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysisOverview___________27
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
Maharashtra_______________________________________________________________________________________44
HimachalPradesh_________________________________________________________________________________45
TamilNadu________________________________________________________________________________________46
Gujarat
________________________________________________________________________________________46
Karnataka ________________________________________________________________________________________48
Bihar
________________________________________________________________________________________48
Mizoram ________________________________________________________________________________________50
LegalRequirementsforIndustrialDevelopment_____________________________53
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
Industries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951__________________________________________53
IndustrialPolicy,1991 ___________________________________________________________________________53
PolicyforForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)_____________________________________________________54
ManufacturingPolicyforClusterDevelopments_______________________________________________56
6.4.1. NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011___________________________________________________56
6.4.2. NationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZs)Guidelines ________________57
6.4.3. SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005________________________________________________60
6.4.4. SchemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries___________________________________62
6.4.5. ProvisionsforMicroSmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME) _______________________63
OtherNationalLevelLegalRequirements___________________________________67
7.1.
NationalHeritageConservation_________________________________________________________________67
7.2.
7.3.
7.1.1. TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(Amendmentand
Validation)Act,2010____________________________________________________________________69
NationalEnvironmentalLegalRequirements__________________________________________________70
7.2.1. EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006__________________________________70
7.2.2. EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986_____________________________________________________71
7.2.3. ForestConservationAct,1980__________________________________________________________72
7.2.4. CoastalRegulationZone,2011__________________________________________________________73
7.2.5. EcoSensitiveZones _____________________________________________________________________74
CantonmentAct,2006____________________________________________________________________________76
ii
ListofTables
Table1.1:ItemslistedinEleventhandTwelfthSchedule__________________________________________________2
Table1.2:FinancesofPanchayats&Municipalities________________________________________________________3
Table1.3:StatewiseCompliancewith74thCAAasonOctober2004_____________________________________7
Table1.4:StatusofMPCsinvariousStates_________________________________________________________________8
Table5.1:ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActs&implementationacrossNation________29
Table5.2:ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActsofsevenStates_____________________________35
Table6.1:LiberalisedSectorforForeignDirectInvestment(RelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning)56
Table6.2:SchemesproposedforpromotionofCluster/ParkDevelopment____________________________64
Table6.3:Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesClassification__________________________________________65
Table7.1:StatutoryObligationsofEnvironmentClearances_____________________________________________72
Table7.2:ActivitiesProhibited,RegulatedorPermittedinEcosensitiveZone_________________________75
iii
Implicationsof73rd&74thCAA,1993
Implications of 73rd & 74th Constitution

AmendmentAct,1993
1.1. Provisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentAct
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (73rd CAA) came in effect from 24th April,
1993and74thConstitutionAmendmentAct(74thCAA),ineffectfrom1stJune1993,
ushered a new era in the history of urban local government in the country. The
ConstitutionofIndiahasdetailedprovisionsforensuringprotectionofdemocracyin
ParliamentandStateLegislatures;however,itdidnotmakelocalselfgovernmentin
urbanareasaclearcutconstitutionalobligation.Eventhoughtherewasprovisionfor
organisationofvillagePanchayatsintheDirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy,therewas
no reference to municipalities except implicitly in Entry 5 of the State List, which
places the subject of local selfgovernment as a responsibility of the State. The 74th
CAA (referred to as part IXA of Constitution) made provisions for decentralisation,
thereby, ensuring democracy in the establishment and operation of local self
government.Itbestowspowertothepeopletoplanforthemselvesandparticipatein
thedecisionmakingprocess.ThemainprovisionsintroducedbytheActareasunder:
1)
ConstitutionofPanchayatsandMunicipalities:
Article243Bof73rdCAA,providesfortheconstitutionofPanchayatsatthreelevelsin
astate:
a) Village,
b) Intermediate (may not be constituted in a State having a population not
exceedingtwentylakhs)and
c) District.
Article243Qof74thCAA,providesforconstitutionofMunicipalitiesineveryStateas
givenunder:
a) NagarPanchayatfortransitionalarea,thatistosay,anareaintransitionfrom
ruraltourbanincharacter.
b) MunicipalCouncilforasmallerurbanarea,and
c) MunicipalCorporationforalargerurbanarea.
2)
Constitution of Ward Committees: Article 243 S provides for constitution of

wardcommittees,consistingofoneormorewards,withintheterritorialareaof
aMunicipalityhavingapopulationof3,00,000ormore.
3)
DurationofMunicipalities: Article 243 E of 73rd CAA and 243 U of 74th CAA,

provides a fixed term of 5 years of a panchayat and municipality respectively,
fromthedateappointed.Electionstoconstituteapanchayatormunicipalityare
required to be completed before the expiration of the duration of the
municipality.
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIA.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
4)
Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats and Municipalities:

Article 243G of 73rd and 243W of 74th CAA provides powers, authority and
responsibilities of Municipalities subject that legislature of the State by law
endow:
a) ThePanchayatsandMunicipalitywithsuchpowersandauthority thoseare
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self
government. The law prepared by the state government may contain
provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon
Municipalities,withorwithoutconditionswithrespectto
i.
the preparation of plans for economic development and social
justice;
ii. the performance of functions and implementation of schemes as may
beentrustedtothemincludingthoseinrelationtothematterslistedin
theEleventhandTwelfthSchedule;
b) The Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to
enable them to carryout the responsibilities conferred upon Municipalities
themincludingthoseinrelationtothematterslistedintheTwelfthSchedule.
Table1.1: ItemslistedinEleventhandTwelfthSchedule
S.No. 29Itemsofthe11thSchedule
Agriculture,includingagricultural
extension
Urbanplanningincludingtownplanning
Landimprovement,implementationof
landreforms,landconsolidationandsoil
conservation
Regulationoflanduseandconstruction
ofbuildings
Minorirrigation,watermanagementand
watersheddevelopment
Planningforeconomicandsocial
development
Animalhusbandry,dairyingandpoultry
Roadsandbridges
Fisheries.
Watersupplyfordomestic,industrialand
commercialpurposes
Socialforestryandfarmforestry
Publichealth,sanitationconservancy
andsolidwastemanagement
Minorforestproduce
Fireservices
Smallscaleindustries,includingfood
processingindustries
Urbanforestry,protectionofthe
environmentandpromotionof
ecologicalaspects
Khadi,villageandcottageindustries
Safeguardingtheinterestsofweaker
sectionsofsociety,includingthe
handicappedandmentallyretarded
10
Ruralhousing
10
Slumimprovementandupgradation
11
Drinkingwater
11
Urbanpovertyalleviation
12
Fuelandfodder
12
Provisionofurbanamenitiesand
facilitiessuchasparks,gardens,
playgrounds
13
Roads,culverts,bridges,ferries,
waterwaysandothermeansof
13
Promotionofcultural,educationaland
aestheticaspects
communication
14
Ruralelectrification,including
distributionofelectricity
14
Burialsandburialgrounds;cremations,
cremationgroundsandelectric
crematoriums
15
Nonconventionalenergysources
15
Cattlepounds;preventionofcrueltyto
animals
16
Povertyalleviationprogramme
16
Vitalstatisticsincludingregistrationof
birthsanddeaths
17
Education,includingprimaryand
secondaryschools
17
Publicamenitiesincludingstreet
lighting,parkinglots,busstopsand
publicconveniences
18
Technicaltrainingandvocational
education
18
Regulationofslaughterhousesand
tanneries
19
Adultandnonformaleducation
20
Libraries.
21
Culturalactivities
22
Marketsandfairs
23
Healthandsanitation,including
hospitals,primaryhealthcentresand
dispensaries
24
Familywelfare
25
Womenandchilddevelopment
26
Socialwelfare,includingwelfareofthe
handicappedandmentallyretarded
27
Welfareoftheweakersections,andin
particular,oftheScheduledCastesand
theScheduledTribes
28
Publicdistributionsystem
29
Maintenanceofcommunityassets
Source:73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct
5)
FinancesofPanchayatsandMunicipalities:AsperArticle243Hof73rd&243X
of74thCAAithasbeenlefttothelegislatureoftheStatetospecifytheimposition
oftaxes.
Table1.2: FinancesofPanchayats&Municipalities
RevenueSources
Responsibilityof
Taxes,Duties,feesetcetera
LeviedandcollectedbyPanchayats&Municipalities
Taxes,Duties,feesetcetera
LeviedandcollectedbyStateGovernment
Grantinaid
GiventomunicipalitiesfromtheStateGovernment
Funds
For crediting and withdrawal of money by Panchayats &

Municipality
Source:73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct
6)
State Finance Commission: Article 243 I of 73rd CAA give provision of State
FinanceCommission(SFC).Article243Yof74thCAAextendsduty/powerofSFC
to review the financial positions of municipalities apart from Panchayati Raj
InstitutionsandmakerecommendationstotheGovernor.
7)
Committee for District Planning: Article 243 ZD provides for constitution of

District Planning Committee at district level in every state, to consolidate the
plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities in the district and to
prepareadraftdevelopmentplanforthedistrictasawhole.
a) A close study of this article provides a reasonable inference that each
municipalityisexpectedtoprepareaplanforitsareaandundertakethetask
of urban planning including town planning, regulation of land uses,
construction of buildings and phasing of the programme for economic and
socialdevelopmentasenvisagedintheTwelfthSchedule.
b) The DPC would provide interaction with the municipal bodies and
panchayatiRajinstitutions,inadditiontoplanningandconflictresolutions.
8)
Committee for Metropolitan Planning: Article 243 ZE provides for

constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) for planning a
metropolitan area having a population of 10 lakh or more, comprising one or
moredistrictsandconsistingofoneormoremunicipalitiesorpanchayats.
9)
Scheduled Areas: In terms of Article 243 M of 73rd&243ZC of 74th CAA, these

provisionsshallnotapplytoScheduledareasandTribalareas asreferredtoin
Article244oftheConstitution(i.eScheduledareasandscheduledtribesinthe
StatesofAssam,Meghalaya,TripuraandMizoram.)However,Parliamentmayby
law,extendtheprovisionsofPartIXAtotheseareassubjecttosuchexceptions
andmodificationsasmaybespecifiedinthatlaw.
In order to provide time to State Governments to allow changes to be made in the

thenexistingStateMunicipallawswhichwereinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthe
74thCAA,atransitionperiodofoneyearwasprovided,uptill31stMay1994.
1.2. New Roles and Functions of State Town and Country

PlanningDepartment
The new role of Town and Country Planning Departments that emerges out of the
provisionsofthe73rd&74thCAAshall,amongothers,include1:
a) AdviceandtechnicalassistancetotheStateGovernmentonmatterspertaining
to spatial planning and development as well as implementation of state
programmes;
b) InitiationofactionpertainingtoprovisionoflegalsupportinrelevantActsfor
socioeconomic, spatial planning and development processes; and on the
suggestedRegionalandUrbanDevelopmentPlanningsystem;
UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 & MM
c) Assistance to the State Urban and Regional Planning Board in formulation of
theStatePerspectivePlanandstrategyofspatioeconomicdevelopmentofthe
State, having regard to proposals contained in district and metropolitan area
developmentplans;
d) Division of the State into various planning regions taking into account the
physical,sociocultural,economicandclimaticconsiderationsandformulation
ofplansoftheirspatioeconomicdevelopmenttoserveasaguideforresolving
interdistrict developmental issues and provide basis for interdistrict co
operationandcoordinationwithaviewtopreparedistrictdevelopmentplans
moreharmonious;
e) Scrutinyofthedistrictandmetropolitanareadevelopmentplansforapproval
of State Government, taking into account the State perspective plan, spatio
economic development strategy and proposals of relevant planning region
coveringthedistrictofthemetropolitanarea;
f) Ensuring that respective settlement Development Plans prepared by local
authoritiesarewithintheframeworkoftheapprovedperspectiveplanofthe
State/settlement;
g) Technical assistance to local authorities if so requested at the cost of the
concernedbody;
h) Preparationofthedevelopmentplanincaseofdefaultbythelocalauthority,
district planning committee or the metropolitan planning committee, if so
directedbytheStateGovernment,atthecostoftheconcernedplanningbody;
i) Provision of necessary research input directly or through the help of
consultants in formulation of policies, strategies, norms, standards, laws,
regulations and rules pertaining to urban and regional planning and
developmentmatters;
j) Provisionofmanpowertrainingfacilities;
k) Establishment of an Urban and Regional Information System and
disseminationofinformation.
1.3. Status of the Provisions of 74th Constitution Amendment

ActonUrbanLocalBodies
The 74th CAA envisages that the District and Metropolitan Planning Committees
consolidateplanspreparedbythe PanchayatsandtheMunicipalitiesinthedistrict/
metropolitan region. It shall prepare a draft development plan for the district/
metropolitanregionasawholeandsendthedraftDistrictandMetropolitanPlansto
theStateGovernment.Theimplicationisthattheseplansaretobeintegratedwiththe
State Plans. As per the Constitutional mandate, the District and Metropolitan
Development Plans have to ensure coordinated spatial planning, sharing of natural
and other resources, integrated provision of infrastructure and environmental

conservation.TheapproachhasbeenmaintainedforregionalplanninginChapter4of
Volume1.
TheconstitutionofDPCandMPCin74thCAAisanapproachfortheStatestoaddress
regional planning issues. However, these provisions have not been adopted at all
Indialevel.ThestudycarriedoutbyNationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)Impact
oftheConstitution(74th)AmendmentActontheUrbanLocalBodies:AReview,April
2007 and MOUD Strategic Plan of Ministry of Urban Development for 20112016
reveals that only few States have undertaken constitution of MPC, DPC and Ward
Committees(WCs),whereastherearelargenumberofstateswhoareyettointegrate
theseprovisionintheirlegislativeframework.Thetablebelowshowsthestatewise
complianceof74thCAAprovisionsasonOctober2004.
Table1.3: StatewiseCompliancewith74thCAAasonOctober2004
Constitu
Constitutionof
Regular
tionof
Sr.
Reservation
State/UT
Conductof
No.
ofSeats
Elections
ULBs
WCs DPCs MPCs SFCs
1.
Andhra
Pradesh
2.
Arunachal
Pradesh#
3.
Assam
4.
Bihar
5.
Chhattisgarh
6.
Delhi
7.
Goa
8.
Gujarat
9.
Haryana
10.
Himachal
Pradesh
11.
Jharkhand
12.
Karnataka
13.
Kerala
14.
Madhya
Pradesh
15.
Maharashtra
16.
Manipur
17.
Meghalaya*
18.
Mizoram*#
19.
Nagaland*
20.
Orissa
21.
Punjab
22.
Rajasthan
23.
Sikkim#
24.
TamilNadu
25.
Tripura
26.
Uttaranchal
27.
UttarPradesh
WestBengal
28.
Source:
NIUAupdatetable#TherearenomunicipalitiesinState
*Theprovisionsof74thCAAarenotappliedtocertainscheduleareasandtribesofIndia
Itcanbeobservedthatonly10stateshaveprovisionforconstitutingDPCsandonly1
statehasprovisionforconstitutingMPC.However,otherStateslikeMaharashtraand
AndhraPradeshnowhaveprovisionforconstitutingMPCs.
AccordingtoIndianInstitutesofPublicAdministration(IIPA) reportUrbanSector
FeedbackforMetropolitanPlanningCommittees,IIPA,thestatusoftheMetropolitan
Planning Committees constituted so far or those which are in the process of being
constitutedasin2011aregivenintablebelow:
Table1.4:
S.No.
StatusofMPCsinvariousStates
NameofState
Metropolitan
City
StatusofMPC
1.
WestBengal
Kolkata
Constituted
2.
Maharashtra
Mumbai
Constituted
3.
Maharashtra
Nagpur
Constituted
4.
Maharashtra
Pune
Constituted
5.
AndhraPradesh
Hyderabad
Atinitialstageofconstitution.
6.
Karnataka
Bengaluru
Atinitialstageofconstitution.
7.
MadhyaPradesh
Bhopal
Necessarylegislationisyettobepassed
UttarPradesh
Kanpur
StateGovernmentisconsideringtoissueanotification
underSection57AofUPMunicipalCorporationsAct,
1959forconstitutionofMPC
9.
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Tobeconstituted
10.
Rajasthan
Jaipur
Tobeconstituted
11.
Haryana
Faridabad
Constituted
Source:IIPA
AspertheIIPAReport,theStatesarereluctanttoexpeditefollowupwithregardto
implementationoftheconstitutionalprovisionsandmostofthemarelaggingbehind
in the preparation of Metropolitan Development Plan. Some of the reasons for not
operationalizingtheprovisionsoftheConstitutionalAmendmentActmaybe:
ThepreparationofMetropolitanDevelopmentPlanisaprofessionallyledspatial
exercise and is not mere consolidation of the sectoral plans. The MPCs lack
adequate/requisiteprofessionalcapacitiestoprepareit.
Lack of technical expertise in the Metropolitan Planning Committee or lack of
directions/guidanceforconstitutingthesame.
Prior to preparing a Metropolitan Development Plan (MDP), it is imperative to
delineate the metropolitan region based on certain criteria. Barring a few
megacitieslikeKolkata,Mumbai,Chennai,HyderabadandBengaluru,noneofthe
othermetropolitancitieshavedelineatedtheirrespectivemetropolitanregions.
For preparing Metropolitan Development Plan, a multi disciplinary team
comprising of Town & Country Planners as an urban planner and/or regional
planner,environmentalplanner,transportplannersandinfrastructureplanneras
thecoreteamandateamofexpertsasperrequirementofthestudyisessentially
amultidisciplinaryexercise.
Lack of will among the State Governments to take action for delineating the
metropolitanareaaswellaspreparingtheplanforthesame.
Lack of incentives/initiatives for taking appropriate action for preparation of

Metropolitan Development Plan which may not be the priority for some of the
StateGovernments.
AsperNIUAstudy,inKarnataka,KeralaandTamilNadu,DPCshavebeenconstituted
andtechnicallytheyarefunctioning.However,itislearntthatinKarnatakatheyhave
notbeenfunctioningasexpected.IncaseofMadhyaPradesh,itislearntthatDPChas
no executive powers. In Chhattisgarh, the DPCs are not functioning at all and no
meetingsofDPCsarebeingheld.Infact,Keralaistheonlystateinthesouthwhere
DPCsareactiveandfunctional.
Itisapparentthatmanystatesareyettointegrate74thCAAintermsofconstituting
DPC and MPC as a part of decentralized planning process in order to address the
issues at all levels. Report of the Working Group on Urban Strategic Planning
prepared by MoUD, has also emphasized a major thrust to Regional and Urban
PlanningandpreparationofDistrict,MetropolitanandCitySpatialandDevelopment
Plansthroughstrategicguidelinesandfinancialsupport.
1.4. Recommendations
Forpromotionofstrongerpublicprivatepartnership,itisessentialtoimplement73rd
and 74th CAA. Quality of development largely depends upon how direct and free
participationisincorporatedfordevelopmentprojectsinlocalareas,thisrequirement
is almost essential. Further, Guidelines recommend review and revision of Regional
Plans and Development Plans every 5 years. This review is critical mechanism for
guidingdevelopmentmeaningfullyandcanonlybedonethroughdirectinvolvement
oflocalcommunities(theirrepresentatives),concernedlocalauthoritiesandexperts.
ThereforeURDPFIGuidelinesrecommendsthatStatesshouldimplementthe73rdand
74thCAAattheearliest.Alllegalandadministrativehurdlesinimplementationshould
beaddressedandactionsshouldbetaken.SomeStateshavealreadyshownexamples
in this regard. For implementation of the provisions of 73rd and 74th CAA, the
recommendationsontheexistingsetupofDevelopmentAuthoritiesareasunder:
a)
b)
The existing State Regional and Town Planning Board, constituted under State
TownPlanningActmaycontinue.
The current planning role and function of Metropolitan Regional Planning and
DevelopmentAuthoritiesandBoardsconstitutedforplanninganddevelopment
of metropolitan regions may be in conflict with the role and functions of
Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) when constituted as mandatory
requirementoftheprovisionsofthe74thCAA.Consideringthisandalsothatan
establishedinstitutionneednotbedemolished,itissuggestedthatthesebodies
bereorganisedtoserveasMPCitselforalternativelyserveastechnicalarmof
MPC.TheKolkataMPCmodelisgiveninSection4.5.1ofvolume1.
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
The Area Planning and Development Authorities constituted to prepare and

enforcedevelopmentplansofurbancentresundertheStateTownandCountry
Planning Act or other Acts may have a conflict of role and functions with the
UrbanLocalAuthoritiesconstitutedundermodifiedStateMunicipalitiesAct.
Itissuggestedthat,takingintoconsiderationthespiritof74thCAA,thesebodies
shouldbemergedorworkastechnicalwingsoftheMPCandDPCwhereverthe
casemaybe.Administrativeamalgamationprocessshouldbeeffectivelydecided
bythestategovernments.
Theexistingsinglefunctionboards/undertakingslikeHousingBoard,Electricity
Board, Refuse Collection and Disposal Board, Transport Corporation/
Undertaking, which were constituted under various Acts for the purpose of
discharging the specifically assigned function, may continue, if so required by
thecouncilofthelocalauthority.
Training programmes for awareness building about development process and
relatedissuesamongtheelectedrepresentativesisimportant.Suchprogrammes
should be conducted by the state governments with the help of T&CP
Departmentandoutsideexperts.
Extra attention shall be paid on the development and administration of peri
urban areas through local selfgovernments so that ground developments of
outer fringes of large settlements are consistent with proposals of planning
activities.
TheConstitution(73rd&74thAmendment)Act,1992isappendedwithitswebURLin
AppendixO'ofVolumeIIB.
10
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLand
AcquisitionRehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013
The Right to Fair Compensation and

Transparency
in
Land
Acquisition
Rehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013
2.1. BasisofthenewAct
The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 was created with the purpose of facilitating
acquisition of privately held land by the government for public purposes. Land
Acquisition plainly means the acquisition of land for some public purpose by a
government agency from individual landowners, as authorised by the law, after
paying a governmentfixed compensation to cover losses incurred by landowners
fromsurrenderingtheirlandtotheconcernedgovernmentagency.
Over a period of time numerous issues were highlighted in the 1894 Act, such as;
cumbersome and costly procedure delaying the land acquisition, determination of
public purpose contestable at law, property valuation techniques were flawed
resulting in a heavy strain on public finances and restrictions on the scale of
development and redevelopment project. It was also argued that land was acquired
fornumberofprojectswithnopublicpurposeattached,asinthecaseofSEZs,atwell
belowthemarketvalueoftheproperties.Additionally,relocationandrehabilitation
oflandownersdisplacedbytheactionsoftheAct,wasnotcoveredcomprehensively
andadequately.
It is for these and other reasons that government proposed to replace the said Act
with a New Act The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (effective from 1stJanuary
2014).
ThisLawwasproposedduetothefollowingbasicreasons:
PublicconcernonlandacquisitionissuesandabsenceofNationallawtoprovide
for the Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) and compensation forloss of
livelihoods.
MultipleamendmentsweremadetotheoriginalAct,butprincipallawcontinued
tobethesamei.e.theLandAcquisitionAct,1894whichwasanoutdatedLaw.
Need for balance was felt for addressing concerns of farmers and those whose
livelihoodsweredependentonthelandbeingacquiredaswellasfacilitatingland
acquisitionforindustrialization,infrastructureandurbanization.
2.2. KeyFeatures
Salient features of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition,RehabilitationandResettlementAct,2013,areasfollowing:
11
TheRFCLARRAct,2013
AsthetitleofthesaidActsuggests,itfavoursfaircompensationratherthanfast
acquisitionofland.Minimumcompensationforlandacquisition isdetailedoutin
theActandIndianstatesareevenempoweredtoprovidebenefitsandsafeguards
thatgooverandabovetheprovisionsofthislawtotheaffectedfamily.
Affectedfamilieshavebeendefinedaslandownersandlivelihoodlosers.
Safeguardforfoodsecurityhasbeenincludedbystatingthatmulticropirrigated
landwillbeacquiredonlyaslastresortunderexceptionalcircumstances.Still,if
such areas are acquired, equivalent area of culturable wasteland is to be
developed for agricultural purposes or an amount equivalent to the value of the
landacquiredshallbedepositedwiththeappropriategovernmentforinvestment
inagricultureforenhancingfoodsecurity.
Minimum rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) entitlements package has been
introduced.AffectedfamilieswillhavechoiceofavailingoptionsgivenintheAct.
Specialprovisions,inadditiontotheR&Rpackage,havebeengivenforSCs/STs.
Role of PanchayatiRajInstitutions especially GramSabhas has been enhanced in
theAct.ConsentofGramSabhaismandatoryforacquisitioninScheduledArea.
Special Provisions have been provided to the farmers like, farm land will be
acquiredonlywhennounutilisedlandisavailable,enhancescompensation,prior
consent of land losers, increased share in sale of acquired land and exemption
from income tax and from stamp duty, damage to crops will be included in
compensation price, 20% of the developed land (if land was acquired for
urbanizationpurpose)willbeofferedtothefarmers.
UnderthenewAct,landcanbereturnedtooriginalownersiftheStatesodecides,
with the condition that land is not used within 5 years in accordance with the
purposeforwhichitwasacquired.
RoleoftheDistrictCollectorhasbeenreducedinthenewActascomparedtothe
old one, where collector had complete authority to decide what activity
constituted public purpose. Under the new law, these roles of the collector are
not prescribed. Under the old Act, collector could decide what quantum of
compensation could be paid to those displaced while the new law has a formula
fordecidingthequantumofcompensation.
InthenewAct,benefitsfortenantsandsharecroppershavebeenintroduced.The
law covers all tenants and sharecroppers, artisans; who will not just bear the
rehabilitation and resettlement benefits but will also have a share in the
compensation.
In the Resettlement area, 25 infrastructural amenities have to be provided to
minimise the impact of relocation. Few of such amenities are roads, proper
drainage and sanitation, safe drinking water, grazing land, fair price shops, post
offices,storagefacility,transportfacility,burialorcremationgroundetcetera.
TheprovisionoftheNewLawhasbeenmadecompliantwithotherlawssuchas;
The Panchayats Act, 1996, The Schedule Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
DwellersAct,2006andlandtransferregulationsinScheduleVarea.Thisacthas
12
gone one step further by providing consent of GramSabhas rather than just
consultationasintheabovementionedActs.
Diversesafeguardshavebeenprovidedagainstindiscriminateacquisitionofland.
Suchas,socialimpactassessmenthasbeenmademandatoryexceptforirrigation
projectsandithastobecompletedwithin6months.Useofacquiredlandcannot
bechangedfromthepurposespecifiedinthelanduseplansubmittedattimeof
landacquisition.
TransparencyprovisionshavebeenprovidedinAct,fewofwhichare,GramSabha
hastobeconsultedinSocialImpactAssessment(SIA)process,SIAdocumenttobe
madeavailableforpublicscrutiny,alldocumentsmandatorytobemadeavailable
inthepublicdomainandonthewebsiteetcetera.
TimelineshavebeenspecifiedinActtomaketheprocessoflandacquisitiontime
bound.Likecompensationhastobegivenwithinaperiodofthreemonthsfrom
the date of the award. Monetary R&R entitlements are to be provided within a
periodofsixmonthsfromthedateoftheaward.
ProvisionsoftheNewLawdonotapplytotheactivitiescoveredunderother13
Government of India Laws which permits land acquisition for specific purposes
(like, legislations relating to National Defence, National Highway, and Railway).
Though the provisions of the New Law relating to compensation, rehabilitation
andresettlementwillapplybyanotificationoftheCentreGovernment.
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
and Resettlement Act, 2013 is a legislation that regulates land acquisition and
provideslaiddownrulesforgrantingcompensation,rehabilitationandresettlement
totheaffectedpersons.TheActhasprovisionstoprovidefaircompensationtothose
whose land is acquired permanently or temporarily, brings transparency to the
processofacquisitionoflandtosetupfactoriesorbuildings,infrastructuralprojects
andassuresrehabilitationofthoseaffected.TheActestablishesregulationsforland
acquisition as a part of India's massive industrialization driven by publicprivate
partnership.
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
andResettlementAct,2013isappendedwithwebURLinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
13
TheRFCLARRAct,2013
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.
14
ModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985
Model Regional and Town Planning and

DevelopmentLaw,1985
3.1. Keyfeatures
Town and Country Planning Organisation (TCPO) formulated the Model Town and
CountryPlanningLawintheyear1960.ThismodelActwasrevisedbyTCPOinyear
1985 as Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law to enact a
comprehensiveurbanandregionalplanninglegislationinalltheStatesandUTs.It
is in the form of guidelines which ensures better overseeing and coordination of
planning with implementation, so that a single agency can undertake both these
functions. In the model, the planning and development authority to be constituted
hasbeenequippedwithfullplanninganddevelopmentpowerstodischargethetask
ofplanningandimplementation.
The Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law, 1985 provides for
thefollowing:
1) Constitution of State Regional and Town Planning Board by the State
Governmentforthepurposeofadvisingonthedelineationoftheregionfor
theplanneddevelopment,
2) Directing the preparation of metropolitan, regional and area plans by the
metropolitan,regionalandareaplanninganddevelopmentauthorities,
3) Setting up of metropolitan, regional and area planning and development
authoritiesfordifferenturbanandruralareaswithintheStatetoundertake
preparationofdevelopmentplansandtoenforceandimplementthem,
4) Coordinating the planning and implementation of physical development
programmes,
5) TheModelLawprovides3stepsfortheadministrationofthislaw,thesteps
arefollowing:
a) Preparationofexistinglandusemap,
b) Preparation of an outline development plan and comprehensive
developmentplanandtheirenforcement,and
c) Preparation of detailed schemes of development or redevelopment as
envisagedintheplansandtheirimplementation.
The Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law was prepared in
1985,almost30yearsago,sincethenmanylegislativeandideologicalchangeshave
takenplaceinthedevelopmentalapproachofGoI.Alsotoincorporatetheprovisions
of74thCAA,theModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLawrequires
a complete revision and restructuring. Accordingly, the suggested changes in the
Modellawaredescribedinthefollowingsections:
15
3.2. Suggestedmodificationsinthelaw
Replacing old Land Acquisition Act with the LARR Act (2013): Land
Acquisition Act of 1894 is suggested to be replaced by The Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
ResettlementAct,2013.
MandatoryImplementationof73rdand74thCAAs:Itshouldbemandatoryby
allUrbanLocalBodies(ULBs),tofollow74thCAA,formakingULBsastrongand
effective body through devolution of power and functions. On the same line,
KeralaTownandCountryPlanningDepartmentimplementedKeralaTownand
CountryPlanningOrdinance2013,whichcameintoeffectfollowingthe73rdand
74th amendments to the Constitution. The ordinance constitutes the District
PlanningCommittee(DPC)atdistrictlevelandMetropolitanPlanningCommittee
(MPC)atMetropolitanlevel.
In MPC/DPC, full time dedicated urban and regional professionals for better
assessment,preparationandexecutionorimplementationofplanatbothlevels
are required. In the DPC, an average of 1 Planner for 1 million populationis
suggestedbytheTCPO,whileinMPC1TownPlannerisrequiredforpopulation
of5lakh.
Interstate Planning provisions, organization structure, roles and

responsibilities
The main objective for setting up InterState Planning concept is to promote
economic growth and balanced development of the Region (two or more than
twostates)forprovidingsuitableinfrastructuraldevelopmentthroughinterrail
androadbasedtransportationnetworks,minimizingtheadverseenvironmental
impact, developing selected urban settlements with urban infrastructure
facilities. In India a number of InterState planning organizations have been
establishedtoachievetheabovesaidobjectives.
In 1985, Enactment of the National Capital Region Planning Board Act by the
Union Parliament, with the concurrence of the participating States of Haryana,
RajasthanandUttarPradesh,NCRPlanningBoardwasconstituted.
Under section 8 of the NCRPB Act, the powers of the Board shall include the
powersto:
Callforreportsandinformation fromtheparticipatingStates andtheUnion
territory with regard to preparation, enforcement and implementation of
FunctionalPlansandSubregionalPlans;
Ensure that the preparation, enforcementand implementation of Functional
Plan or SubRegional Plan, as the case may be, is in conformity with the
RegionalPlan;
IndicatethestagesfortheimplementationoftheRegionalPlan;
16
Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, Sub
RegionalPlanandProjectPlan;
Selectandapprovecomprehensiveprojects,callforprioritydevelopmentand
providesuchassistancefortheimplementationofthoseprojectsastheBoard
maydeemfit;
Select,inconsultationwiththeStateGovernmentconcerned,anyurbanareas,
outsidetheNationalCapitalRegionhavingregardtoitslocation,population
and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to achieve the
objectivesoftheRegionalPlan;and
EntrusttotheCommitteesuchotherfunctionsasitmayconsidernecessaryto
carryouttheprovisionsofthisAct.
Similarinterstatedevelopmentregionsmaybenecessarytobeplannedinother
partsofIndiaespeciallyinvolvingfastchangingurbanregionswhichfallinmore
thanoneState.TheLawissuggestedtobemodifiedtoincludeprovisionsfornot
onlyDPCandMPCbutalsoforinterstateauthoritiesasstatedabove.
Joint Area Committee: Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance,

2013providesconstitutionofJointAreaCommitteeforanareaofmorethanone
MunicipalCorporation,MunicipalCouncil,TownPanchayatorVillagePanchayat
eitherinfullorinpart.Forthepurposeofplanningoftheareainwhichtheyare
jointlyinterestedorforwhichtheyareresponsible.
Innovative Systems of Land Assembly: There are various techniques to
develop small or fragmented land parcels into usable land through transfer of
ownership.SomeofthesetechniquesaresuggestedtobeincludedintheLaw.
Town Planning Scheme: Town Planning Scheme has emerged as a
successfulmodeloflanddevelopment;itissuggestedtoincludetheprovision
intheLaw.TheMaharashtraRegionalandTownPlanning(MRTP)Act,1966,
TheGujaratTownPlanningandUrbanDevelopmentAct(GTPUDA),1976and
now Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance, 2013, have included
provisionsforTownPlanningScheme.
Land Pooling and Development Schemes2: Land Pooling scheme aims to
prevent, selling of land without the owners consent. Under Delhi Land
PoolingPolicy,landownerscansurrendertheirlandholdingintothecentral
poolandbestakeholdertothedevelopmentproposedintheirland.Oncethe
landispooled,thelandownerwouldgetbackcertainamountoflandoftheir
totallandsurrenderedlandasdevelopableland.
Transferable Development Rights (TDR), TDR is a technique of land

development which separates the development potential of a particular
Source: Master Plan of Delhi, 2021.
17
parceloflandfromandallowsitsuseelsewherewithinthedefinedzonesof
the city. TDR is taken away from the zone and it is tradable. The Law shall
define its use as a technique for redevelopment and reconstruction of inner
cityzones.
AccommodationReservation:TheconceptofAccommodationReservation
allows the land owners to develop the sites reserved for an amenity in the
development plan using full permissible FSI/FAR on the plot subject by
agreeing to entrust and hand over the built up area of such amenity to the
local authority free of all encumbrances and accept the full FSI/FAR as
compensation in lieu thereof.This mechanism has considerably relieved the
localauthoritiesfromincurringhugeexpensesforthepurposeofacquisition
ofsuchlandsandcanbeconsideredintheLawwithcertainconditions.
Encouraging Private and Joint Sector Participation: The current policies of

economic liberalization in the country and the emphasis on private sector
participationinplanninganddevelopmentprocessshouldbeprovidedwiththe
appropriate legal support. It is suggested that private sector participation in
certain sectors shall be allowed and encouraged by the law in light of the FDI
policy. Local Self Government has to consult nongovernmental institutions,
organizationsandprofessionalbodiesinthepreparationofPerspectivePlanfor
theDistrictandMetropolitanArea.
TimeLine:Regional Plans and Development Plans should be for 20 years with
the provisions for review / revision every 5 years to be coterminus with the
StateFiveYearplan.Differentplanssuggested:
RegionalPlan(Interstate/Interdistrict/district)
DevelopmentPlan(planningareaincludingtheMunicipalarea)
Currentlydifferenttimelineisfollowedforreviewofregionalandcityor
metropolitandevelopmentplansbydifferentstateswhichshouldbe
standardisedasfaraspossible.
TamilNadu,MizoramandGujarathaveprovisionofrevisingDevelopmentalPlan
once in 5 years of plan preparation. Karnataka provides for revision only after
ten years and Maharashtra in twenty years. Himachal Pradesh provides for
revision but gives no minimum time frame. Bihar has no provision of plans
revision.
State Regulatory Body The UrbanRegional Planning& Development
Regulatory Authority (Town Planning Board/ Town Planning Committee
(Kerala))suggested by the URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 to be established by State
Governmentsthroughstatutorysupport.TheroleofthisStateBodywouldbeto
regulate and monitor the functioning of Development bodies. The regulatory
18
authorityatthestatelevelmayfunctionasanappellantauthoritytoaddressthe
grievancesredressal.Itshallalsolistofauthoritiesandrolesandresponsibilities
to avoid multiplicity. Regulatory body should review the smooth functioning of
theagenciestoovercomethemultiplicity,duplicationorgaps.Theestablishment
ofthisauthoritywouldrequireamendmentofStateTownandCountryPlanning
Acts.
This State level apex regulatory body for appropriate functioning should be
chaired, preferably, by the Chief Minister of the state with other members
decidedbytheStategovernment.TheroleofStateauthoritytobereferredfrom
VolumeI(section3.6).
DisasterRiskManagement:Disaster risk management with specific reference

toclimatechangeimpactandappropriateresponseforitshouldbeincorporated
asanimportantcomponentofplanformulationwithfocusonbetterenergyuse,
watermanagement,greenbalanceandreductionofvulnerabilitytodisaster.
City Infrastructure Fund: A City Infrastructure Fund should be established at
urban centers by the Executive order of State Government. It should be other
than the Budget fund and dedicated only for the Urban and Regional
Infrastructure development. The possible sources of funding for the
infrastructure fund must be defined and streamlined in consultation with State
FinanceCommissionbytheStateGovernment.
Planning for Green Cities: In view of the need for accelerated urban
development and to guide cities to ecofriendly, Green city development
approach should be given priority especially in green field development.
Planningforsuchcitiesshouldbeencouragedandprovisionsforthesametobe
includedintheAct.
ThechangesintheModelLawshouldbeconsideredbasedontheabovementioned
points,provisionfromvariousStateTownandCountryPlanning Actsanddetailed
study by Town and Country Planning Organisation. The Model Regional and Town
PlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985isappendedwithitswebURLinAppendixO
ofVolumeIIB.
19
20
ModelMunicipalLaw,2003
4.1. Keyfeatures
The Model Municipal Law, 2003 prepared by Ministry of Urban Development and
PovertyAlleviation(theerstwhileundividedMinistry)isaninitiativetoimplement
theprovisionsofthe74thCAAforempowermentofurbanlocalbodiesandprovide
legislativeframeworkforimplementationoftheUrbanReformAgenda.TheLawis
expectedtoenhancethecapacitiesofULBstoleveragepublicfundsfordevelopment
ofurbansectorandprovideanenvironmentsothaturbanlocalbodiescanplaytheir
rolemoreeffectivelyandensurebetterservicedelivery.
ThesalientfeaturesoftheModelMunicipalLaware:
1)
Constitution of the Municipal Area based on population, classification of the

threelevelsofMunicipalitiesanditsconstitution.
2)
AlltheexecutiveactionsoftheEmpoweredStandingCommitteeshallbetaken
inthenameofMunicipality.
3)
IndirectelectionofMayororChairpersonforafiveyearterm.
4)
ConstitutionofWardsandWardCommittees.
5)
State Level Municipal Establishment Audit Commission to review the staff

status.
6)
ClassificationofMunicipalfunctionsinto:
a) Core municipal functions including water supply, drainage and sewerage,
solidwastemanagement,roads,etcetera;
b) FunctionsassignedbyGovernment3;and
c) Otherfunctions.
7)
State government can dissolve an elected body if it shows default in

performance or abuse of powers, after giving due notice and review by a
committee.
8)
ProvisiontoimplementrecommendationsoftheStateFinanceCommission.
9)
Municipalfundwithseparateaccountsforvariousservices.
10) PreparationofbudgetestimationofMunicipality.
11) Preparation of State Municipal Accounting Manual and appointment of the
MunicipalAccountsCommittee.
12) StateGovernmentcanappointaprofessionalcharteredaccountantasauditor.
ULBstopreparebalancesheetoftheassetsandliabilitiesannually.
13) Municipalitiestoprepareaninventoryofpropertieseachyear.
The functions assigned by Central/ State Government may be undertaken subject to the underwriting of the costs by the
concerned levels of government.
21
StateLevelLegalFramework
14) State Government to frame a Comprehensive Debt Limitation Policy laying
down the general principles of borrowings of loans with regard to
Municipalitiesfinancialcapacity.
15) Powerofmunicipalitiestoraiseloans.
16) Internal revenues of Municipality and power to levy taxes, user charges, fees
andfines,developmentcharge,advertisement,othertaxesandtolls.
17) EnableparticipationofprivatesectorandNGOsinconstruction,financingand
deliveryofservicesincludingbillingandcollection.
18) Enable setting up of State Municipal Regulatory Commission that will

determine user charges and standard of services suggest avenues of private
sectorparticipationandensurefairdealtocitizens.
19) Agendaforurbanenvironmentmanagement.Municipalitiestoprepareannual
environmentalandsubsidyreports
20) Provides for the representation of Municipalities in District and Metropolitan
PlanningCommittees.
21) Provision for improvement in existing area such as removal of congested
buildings
22) Constitution of Municipal Streets Technical Committee and other aspects
relatedtostreets
23) UniquePremisesNumberingSystem
24) Provisionsforbuildings
25) MunicipalLicenses
26) MaintenanceofStatistics
27) ManagementofDisasters
4.2. SuggestedchangesintheLaw
TheModelMunicipalLaw(MML)wasintroducedmorethanadecadeback;it
is pertinent that the provisions of MML need to be updated to bring it in
harmony with the recent developments in the Municipal Law. MoUD study
undertaken by NUIA to review the MML, suggested various points for
revision of the provisions given in MML, based on their status of
implementation.
TherearevariousprovisionsinthecurrentscenariothatarevitalforMMLto
bring it in line with the new developments in municipal governance.
Provisions like reservations of seats for Women/SC/ST/BC in Municipality,
Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman, functions and duties of Area Sabha
Representative,disclosureofvariousdocumentsrelatingtomunicipalaffairs,
accrual based double entry system of accounts, defining functions and
22
responsibilitiesofDPCsandMPCsaresuggestedtobedetailedoutunderthe
MML.
The above mentioned NUIA study has also highlighted lack of critical
provisions in MML, such as, municipal ombudsman, accrual based double
entry system; public disclosure of budget, financial and accounts of
municipality; public private partnership (PPP) in the delivery of basic
servicesofthemunicipality,andinperformanceofinfrastructureprojects.
4.2.1.
Clause(s)forinclusioninthepresentMML
Definitions of area sabha and area sabha representatives shall be

definedintheMML.
MML to be the Model Law for States to follow. It should clearly have a
clause defining Annual Rateable Value / Capital Value / Unit Area
Value/AnnualLettingValue.
DefinitionofLocalBodiesorMunicipalOmbudsman/underjurisdiction
of LokAyukta should be defined. According to 13th Central Finance
Commission, the state government must put in place a system of
independent local body Ombudsman. However, it is left to the States to
decidewhichsystemtofollow.
Provision on reservation: Article 243 T of the Constitution of India
provides for reservation of women, SC, ST, and BC. Since MML
supplementtheaimsof74thCAA,itshouldbeincorporatedinMML.
Provisions relating to Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman: The Second
Administrative Reforms Commission and the 13th Finance Commission have
recommendedthataseparateOmbudsmanforlocalbodiesbeconstitutedtolook
into the complaints of corruption and maladministration against the
functionariesoflocalbodies.
ThismayalsoincludeStaffsreviewontheNonEthicpractisesandprovisionfor
the protection of whistle blowers. In case, the municipality opts to create a
positionoflocalbodiesombudsman,itisnecessarytoaddprovisionsrelatingto
appointment,functions, powers, term of office, conditions of service, procedure
ofdisposalofcomplaintfiledtohisofficeetcetera.
Formulation of citizens charter provision for Citizens Charter formulation
under Action Plan for Effective and Responsive Government (1997) to be
suggested in the MML. Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill, 2011 is
also under consideration in Parliament, which will support the amendment in
MML. The role of the charter to be well defined including Grievance Redressal
other thanthose handled by Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman and focus on
developmentofegovernancemechanismsforPublicaccountability,Dutiesofthe
staff,TransparencyandPeoplesparticipation.
23
Accrual Based Double Entry Accounting System: Currently double entry
accounting system is followed by most of the Municipalities in the country.
However, as per the mandate of the JnNURM, accrual based accounting system
should be followed as it estimates the future generation of revenue and
expenditureoftheMunicipality.MMLdoesnotmentionthisprovision.Sinceit
is one of the important reforms undertaken through JnNURM scheme, it is
importantthatacorrespondingprovisionisincorporatedintheMML.
Action taken report: The Municipal Authorities must send an action taken
report to the State Government on the defects detected by the government
auditor.ItisimperativethatthisprovisionshouldbeincludedinMMLforother
statestofollow.
Establishment of Escrow Account for any particular project: An escrow
accountforparticularprojectshelpsthemunicipalitytomaintaintheiraccounts
clear in terms of borrowing and in terms of future borrowings needs of the
municipality. It will increase transparency for the lenders/stakeholders.
Considering few states have already established an escrow account, such
provisionmaybeaddedtoMMLasanoptionforthemunicipalitiesthatwishto
optforit.
PropertyTaxassessment:MML should have a provision regarding manner of
assessment of property tax. Municipal Acts must specify whether an assessee
would file a Selfassessment or a bill would be presented to him by the
municipality.
MML only speaks of
FunctionsandResponsibilitiesofDPC&MPC:
constitutionofthesecommittees,whichdoesnotsufficethepurpose.Therefore,
it is suggested to define the provisions relating to composition, role and
responsibilitiesofMPC/DPCaswellastheirjurisdictionsasenvisagedunderthe
constitutional provisions including specifying the organization which will
functionasthetechnicalandadministrativesecretariatoftheMPC/DPC.
Fire hazard and disaster risk response: One of the conditions of the 13th
CentralFinanceCommissionwasthatallthemunicipalcorporationsmustputin
placeafirehazardresponseandmitigationplanformillionpluscities.Therefore,
MMLshouldcontainaprovisionwithrespecttofirehazardresponseplan,ifnot
foralltheDisastermanagements.URDPFIrecommendsfirehazarddisasterrisk
responsetobeincorporatedfocusingonreductionofvulnerability.
State Regulatory Body The Urban and Regional Development Regulatory
Authority suggested by to be established by State Governments through
statutory support should play a crucial role to regulate and monitor the
functioning of Development bodies. Grievances redressal system, roles and
responsibilities of authorities to be integrated with the State Regulatory Body.
Therefore, functions of State Regulatory Body to be incorporated in the Model
Municipal Law.
24
4.2.2.
AdditionalProvisions
4.2.2.1.
StatePropertyTaxBoard/Act
The13thCentralFinanceCommissionrecommendedforaStateProperty
Tax Boardto put in place an independent and transparent procedure for
assessingpropertytax.
MML provides for a provision mentioning the State Property Tax Board,
however, it does not clearly state the provisions relating to its
establishment, composition, functions, powers, accounts, budget, etc. It
couldbeausefulprovisionsincepropertytaxationisanimportantsource
ofrevenueandthiswouldhelpimprovethevaluationofthepropertyina
systematicandtransparentway.
4.2.2.2.
StateFinanceCommission
The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that the States
Governments must prescribe through an Act qualification of persons
eligible for appointment of the State Finance Commission (SFC).
Therefore,MMLissuggestedtoprescribeaprovisionforestablishmentof
permanentSFCcell.
4.2.2.3.
NotificationwithRespecttoServiceLevels
The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that State Government
mustnotifyorcauseallmunicipalitiestonotifyattheendofthefiscalyear
the service standards for four service sectors (Water Supply, Storm
WaterDrainage,SewerageandSWM).Forasteptowardsthecompliance
ofsuchreforms,MMLmustcontainthisprovision.
4.2.2.4.
HumanResourcesPolicyReform
Services provided by local bodies for SWM, Sewage, Water Channels and
Electricityplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingenvironmentalstandardsof
cityandaswellqualityoflifeofresidents.Municipallawlooksatonlythe
performance of this function. However, the most neglected part of this
functionisthehealthhazardsoftheemployees,whoaredirectlyrelatedto
perform this function. For mitigating health hazards to the employees of
the Municipality dealing in the works relating to sewerage, garbage
collection,etc.Municipalityshouldprovidepropergeartoitsemployees
like uniforms, gloves, gum boots, masks, firstaid kit etc. Even though
human contact cannot be avoided in the performance of these tasks, the
only minimal requirement of proper equipment and gear should be
25
providedtoemployees.Inclusionofthisprovisionisimportanttorealize
thevisionofsmart,sustainableandresponsiblecities.
4.2.2.5.
Exemptionsasincentive
It is essential to provide for the extent of Exemption in the property
taxation on defined conditions. Property tax exemption can be provided
for following or implementing certain desirable projects like, Green
development, Rain water harvesting, solar power installation in building
andGreenbuildingetc.asanincentive.AspertheNUIAstudy,Municipal
ActsofBiharhasnoprovisionmentioningtheexemptionsfromproperty
taxation,butmanyotherstateshavealreadyprovidedforexemptions.Itis
suggestedthatMMLprovideforanysuchprovision.
4.2.2.6.
RainWaterHarvestingMandatory
It is one of the optional reforms under JnNURM. Looking at the urban
growth, rainwater harvesting should be a mandatory provision in all the
Actstorechargegroundwaterandaugmentoverallwateravailability.Such
provisions in the Municipal Act may ensure its application in the Local
AreaPlansandSpecialPurposePlan.Itissuggestedtoincludethisinthe
MMLandplaceswhereitcanbemademandatorywithinthebuildingbye
lawsdependinguponenforcementcapabilitiesandlocalconditions.
The Model Municipal Law, 2003 is appended with URL in Appendix O of

VolumeIIB.
26
StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysisOverview
State Level Legal Framework Comparative

AnalysisOverview
Urban and regional planning legislation controls the planning and development
activity in a State. Some states have comprehensive Town and Country Planning
legislation which provides for urban planning and development from a regional
perspective beyond the city limits and coordinated with the overall framework of
economicdevelopment,prioritiesandresourceavailability.Someofthesestatesare
Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab,
Rajasthan,TripuraandUttarPradesh.
Town and Country Planning Organisation (TCPO) with the direction from MoUD
conducted brainstorming session throughout the country during 2008 to 2010.
Further, during the formulation of URDPFI Guidelines, various workshops were
conducted in both the studies to share knowledge on urban development practices
and development policies / strategies of respective States and recommendations /
advicewereprovidedtoalltheStates.TCPOhasanalysedthestatusofT&Cplanning
Acts of the States. An overview of the States in terms of implementation of T&C
Planning Acts in their jurisdiction is given in Table no. 5.1. This table has been
updatedasperthelatestinformationavailableason31stJuly2013fromTCPOwith
respecttothecitieswhohavepreparedStatutoryMasterPlans.
27
28
Table5.1: ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActs&implementationacrossNation
Sr.No NameofState
WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
AndhraPradesh
Directorateof
Town&Country
Planning
AndhraPradesh
TownandCountry
PlanningAct,1920
353
228
125
35
89
60
25
Arunachal
Pradesh
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
ArunachalPradesh
UrbanandCountry
PlanningAct,2007
27
26
96
Assam
Directorateof
Town&Country
Planning
AssamTownand
CountryPlanning
Act,1959
214
126
88
41
36
42
17
Bihar
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
BiharUrbanand
199
RegionalPlanning
andDevelopment
Act,2011
60
139
70
20
Chhattisgarh
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
ChhattisgarhTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1973
182
14
168
92
28
64
15
Goa
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
GoaTownand
CountryPlanning
Act,1974
70
56
14
20
13
19
Gujarat
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
GujaratTown
Planning&Urban
DevelopmentAct,
1976
348
153
195
56
125
14
33
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
29

Sr.No NameofState
WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
Haryana
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
Haryana
Development&
Regulationof
UrbanAreasAct,
1975.
154
74
80
52
66
20
Himachal
Pradesh
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
HimachalPradesh
TownandCountry
PlanningAct,1970
59
56
95
19
31
10
Jammu&
Kashmir
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
Jammu&Kashmir
DevelopmentAct,
1970
122
36
86
70
11
Jharkhand
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
JharkhandTown
228
Planningand
ImprovementTrust
Act,1954(adopted
fromBihar)
188
40
18
12
Karnataka
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
KarnatakaTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1961
347
127
220
63
159
46
13
Kerala
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
KeralaTown
PlanningAct,1939
520
461
59
11
49
15
14
Madhya
Pradesh
Departmentof
Town&Country
Planning
MadhyaPradesh
NagarThathaGram
NiveshNiyam,1975
476
112
364
76
93
63
18
15
Maharashtra
Directorateof
TownPlanning&
Maharashtra
RegionalandTown
534
278
256
48
275
51
30
Sr.No NameofState
WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
Valuation
PlanningAct,1966
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
16
Manipur
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
ManipurTownand
CountryPlanning
Act,1975
51
23
28
55
19
37
17
Meghalaya
Directorateof
UrbanAffairs
MeghalayaTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1973
22
12
10
45
15
68
18
Mizoram
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
MizoramUrban&
Regional
DevelopmentAct,
1990
23
23
100
15
65
19
Nagaland
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
NagalandTownand 26
CountryPlanning
Act,1980
19
73
10
38
20
Orissa
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
Orissatown
223
Planningand
ImprovementTrust
Act,1956
116
107
48
72
22
32
21
Punjab
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
PunjabRegional
TownPlanningand
DevelopmentAct,
1995
217
74
143
66
32
27
22
Rajasthan
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
RajasthanUrban
ImprovementAct,
1959
297
112
185
62
183
46
62
23
Sikkim
Noindependent
TownandCountry
Planning
TheSikkimUrban
andRegional
Planningand
89
17
44
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
31

Sr.No NameofState
WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
Department,
DevelopmentAct,
howeverTown
1998
Planningcellexists
underUrban
Developmentand
Housing
24
TamilNadu
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
TamilNaduTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1971
1097
376
721
66
123
50
11
25
Tripura
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
TripuraTownand
CountryPlanning
Act,1975
42
26
16
38
13
26
UttarPradesh
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
UttarPradesh
915
UrbanPlanningand
DevelopmentAct,
1973
267
648
71
207
25
23
27
Uttarakhand
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
UttarakhandUrban
Planningand
DevelopmentAct,
1973
115
41
74
64
42
37
28
WestBengal
TownandCountry
PlanningCell
functioningunder
Urban
Development
Department
WestBengalTown
andCountry
(Planningand
Development)Act,
1979
909
780
129
14
126
85
29
A&NIslands.
Noindependent
TownandCountry
Andaman&
NicobarTownand
20
Notreported
20
32
Sr.No NameofState
WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
Planning
Departmentexists
asondate.Asmall
TownandCountry
Planningunitis
workingunderthe
Commcum
Secy(PWD/UD)&
ChiefEngraspart
ofAPWD.
CountryPlanning
Regulations,1994
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
30
Chandigarh
Departmentof
UrbanPlanning
TheCapitalof
Punjab
(Developmentand
Regulation)Act,
1952
17
31
Delhi
TownPlanning
Department,MCD
DelhiDevelopment
Act,1957
113
110
32
Dadra&Nagar
Haveli
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
Dadra&Nagar
HaveliTownand
CountryPlanning
Act,1974
17
100
33
Daman&Diu
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
Daman&DiuTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1974
25
13
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
33

WhetherTown
andCountry
PlanningDept.
Exists
Sr.No NameofState
WhetherT&CP
Actenacted
Noof
Towns
asper
Census
2011
No.of
Census
Towns
No.of
Statutory
Towns
(ULBs)
Statutory
No.of
Towns MasterPlan
(%)
Approved
No.ofMaster
PlansUnder
Preparation
Towns
having
Master
Plan
(%)
34
Lakshadweep
NoTownand
CountryPlanning
Department,
Howeverthe
worksarehanded
byPWD
Yettobeenacted
35
Puducherry
Departmentof
TownandCountry
Planning
PuducherryTown
andCountry
PlanningAct,1969
10
60
40
GrandTotal
7933
3892
4041
51
1843
567
23
Source:TCPO,MoUD2011
As reflected in table above, barring UT of Lakshadweep, all States and UTs of India have Town and Country Planning Acts and
Departments. It has been noticed that all the new States including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand have their own Town and
CountryPlanningActs.However,theseActsaresameasenactedbytheiroriginalStatefromwheretheywerebifurcated.
There are few States which have enacted or are in process to enact new laws with respect to Urban Development and Town Planning.
BiharhasenactedBiharUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct,2012.
BasedontheunderstandingfromexistingUDPFIguidelines,itisessentialtoidentifygapsandbestpracticeswhichareadoptedbyStates
withrespecttoUrbanandRegionalDevelopment.ComparisonofsomeoftheStatesascasestudieshasbeenundertakenforthereview
T&CPActsofcountry.TheStateshavebeenchoseninsuchamannersothatitcoversalmostalltheregion,i.e.North,West,SouthandEast,
ofthecountry.Moreover,forreviewpurpose,variousparameterssuchasRegionalDevelopment,LandAcquisitionMechanism,affirmation
with74thCAA,institutionalsetupsareconsidered.TheseStatesare:
34
North:HimachalPradesh
South:TamilNaduandKarnataka
East:BiharandMizoram
West:MaharashtraandGujarat
Table5.2: ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActsofsevenStates
S.No. Criteria
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Himachal
Pradesh
Bihar
Maharashtra
Gujarat
State
Planning
Committee/B
oard/Authorit
y
ProvisionofState
Planningboard
Provisionof
StatePlanning
Board
Directorateof
Townand
Country
Planning,
headedbythe
Director,
appointedby
State
MizoramUrban
Planningand
Development
Board/committee
BiharUrbanPlanning
andDevelopment
Board
TheGovernmentmay
alsoconstituteUrban
ArtsandHeritage
Commission
Noprovisionfor
StateLevel
Planning
Committeeor
Boardor
Authority.
Noprovision
forStateLevel
Planning
Committeeor
Boardor
Authority.
FunctionsOf
State
Planning
Board
Toguide,direct
andassistthe
planning
authorities
AdvisetheState
Governmenton
planningmatters
Directthe
preparationof
Development
PlansbyPlanning
Authorities
Prepareand
furnishreports
relatingtothe
workingT&CAct
NotApplicable
NotIllustrated
Toprepareand
enforce
Integrated
Interim
Development
Plan,Districtor
Regional
Development
Plan,Ruralor
SectoralPlan,
Urban
Development
PlanandAction
Toprepare
Development
Scheme
Toprepare
Regionaland
Toguide,directand
assistthePlanning
Authority
Adviseonthe
delineationofthe
PlanningArea(s)
anddirectthe
preparationof
DevelopmentPlan
Undertake,assist
andadviseonthe
coordinationof
planningand
implementationof
physical
development
programmes
Directthe
NotApplicable
NotApplicable
Mizoram
35

S.No. Criteria
Metropolitan
Development
/Planning
Authority/Co
mmittee
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Establishmentof
Chennai
Metropolitan
Development
Authority
Separate
Provisionin
Bangalore
Metropolitan
Region
Development
AuthorityAct,
1985
Functionsand
Powers:
Himachal
Pradesh
Noprovisionto
constitute
Topreparea
MasterPlanora
detailed
Mizoram
Bihar
RuralCentre
preparationsofone
Development
ormoreRegional
Planand
DevelopmentPlan,
integratingUrban
Regional
andRural
Transportation
Development
Plans,Town
schemesand
DevelopmentPlans
Development
Directthe
Planspreparedby
preparationsofone
theMunicipalities
ormoreregional
orVillage
naturalresources
Councilsorany
andenvironmental
Localauthority
ConservationPlans
andassistthe
StateGovernment
tocoordinate
development
activitiesatall
levelswithinthe
PlanningAreaor
Region
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Noprovisionto
constituteMPC
Noprovision,
howevera
separateact
makes
mandatoryto
constitute
Mumbai
Metropolitan
Regional
Development
Authorityunder
Noprovision
toconstitute
Theactdoesnthave
provisionfor
constitutingthe
MetropolitanPlanning
Authorityor
Committee,however
itdefinesthefunction
ofMPCtoprepare
DevelopmentPlanfor
MetropolitanArea
36
S.No. Criteria
TamilNadu
Development
Planoranew
Town
Development
Plan
Toprepareanew
Town
Development
Planforthearea
concernedto
securethelaying
outand
developmentof
thenewtownin
accordancewith
thenewTown
Development
Plan
PlanningArea RegionalPlanning
areabasedon
Populationand
typeof
development
LocalPlanning
Areabasedon
Populationand
typeof
developmentand
provisionin
RegionalPlan
NewTownArea
basedon
Populationand
Karnataka
Statehasgot
power
todeclareany
areainthe
Statetobea
LocalPlanning
Area.
Himachal
Pradesh
Statetodeclare
Planningarea
Mizoram
Bihar
Maharashtra
Bombay
Metropolitan
Region
Development
AuthorityAct,
1974
Gujarat
Stategovernmentin
consultationwith
Boardor
Committeemay
declarethelimitof
TownorUrbanarea
intheState
Stateonadviceof
Boardmaydeclareor
withdrawtheregions
orareas,includinga
MetropolitanAreaor
areafordevelopment
ofnewtownsinthe
StatetobeaPlanning
Area
Criteriafor
delineationof
planningareais
notdescribed
Development
areaand
Urban
Development
areatobe
declaredby
State
Government
37

S.No. Criteria
TamilNadu
typeof
developmentand
provisionasnew
towninRegional
Plan
Karnataka
Himachal
Pradesh
Mizoram
Bihar
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Planning
Authorities
Planning
Authoritiestobe
constitutedat
differentlevelas:
TheRegional
Planning
Authority
TheLocal
Planning
Authority
TheNewTown
Development
Authority
TheState
Townand
Governmentin
Country
consultation
Planning
withtheBoard
Authorityto
mayconstitute
constituteby
Planning
theState
Authorityafter SpecialArea
declarationof
Development
planningarea
Authorityto
beestablished
forspecial
areasas
identifiedby
Stateorin
RegionalPlan
DistrictPlanning
andDevelopment
Committee
CityorTown
Planningand
Development
Committee
Statetoconstitutethe
PlanningAuthority
anditshallbeknown
bysuchnameasthe
Governmentmay
determine
Regional
Planning
Board
Special
Planning
Authority
NewTown
Development
Authority
Area
Developmen
tAuthority
Urban
Developmen
tAuthority
Functionand
powersof
Planning
Authority
TheRegional
PlanningAuthority
to:
carryoutasurvey
andprepare
reportsonthe
surveys
preparean
existinglanduse
map
Planning
Authority(as
mentionedin
sectionabove)
Preparationof
amapshowing
presentland
use
Theplanning
authorityto:
Prepare
Functionand
powersofPlanning
Authorityorboard
aredescribed(same
asinrow2)
PlanningAuthority
shallcarryoutsuch
functionsand
exercise
suchpowersasmay
beprescribedbythe
Rules
PlanningAuthority
maycarryoutor
causetobecarried
outsurveysofits
PlanningAreaandto
Regional
PlanningBoard
to:
carryouta
surveyofthe
region,and
prepare
reportsonthe
surveysso
carriedout
preparean
Area
Development
Authorityto
undertake:
Preparation
of
Developmen
tPlans
preparation
ofTown
Planning
SpecialArea
Development
Authority
Toprepare
Development
Planforthe
specialarea;
toimplement
the
Development
Plan
38
S.No. Criteria
Himachal
Karnataka
Pradesh
Outline
LocalPlanning
toprovidefor
Developmen
themunicipal
Authorityto:
tPlanprior
management
carryoutasurvey
tothe
ofthespecial
oftheLocal
preparation
tootherwise
PlanningArea
ofMaster
performall
Plan
preparereports
suchfunctions
onthesurveys
Carryoutthe
withregardto
surveyas
prepareaMaster
thespecial
soonasthe
Plananda
areaas
planning
Detailed
specified
area
Development
byState
declares
Plan
Government
Preparation
fromtimeto
NewTown
ofMaster
time.
Development
Plan.
Authorityto:
Prepare
prepareanew
Town
Town
Planning
Development
Scheme
Plan
Implementat
carryoutbuilding
ionofplan,
andother
Oncethe
operations
MasterPlan
isapproved
bytheState,
TamilNadu
Mizoram
Bihar
preparereportor
reportsofsuch
surveys
Everyplanning
authoritywill
prepareapresent
LandUseMapanda
LandUseRegister
PlanningAuthority
topreparea
DevelopmentPlan
afterdeclarationof
PlanningArea
Maharashtra
existingland
usemapfor
thepurposeof
preparinga
RegionalPlan;
preparea
Regionalplan
SpecialPlanning
Authorityto:
carryouta
surveyand
preparean
existingland
usemapofthe
area,and
prepareand
publishthe
draft
proposalsfor
thelands
Gujarat
Schemesto
carryout
surveysin
orderto
prepare
Developmen
tPlans
controlthe
developmen
tactivities
Urban
Development
Authorityto
undertake:
Preparation
of
Developmen
tPlans
preparation
ofTown
Planning
Schemes
carryout
surveysin
orderto
prepare
Developmen
tPlans
controlthe
developmen
tactivities
guide,direct
39

S.No. Criteria
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Himachal
Pradesh
Mizoram
Bihar
Maharashtra
Gujarat
andassist
thelocal
authorities
Preparation
ofPlans
Regional
MasterPlan
NewTown
Development
Plan
Detailed
Development
plan
MasterPlan
RegionalPlan
Development
Planand
SectoralPlan
Districtor
Regional
Development
Plan,
Urban
Development
Plan,
RuralorSectoral
Plan,
ActionPlan
DevelopmentPlan
Metropolitanarea
Developmentplan
RegionalPlans
Development
Plan
Preparationof
Development
Planfor
additional
area
Development
Plan
Scope/Objecti
ves/Contents
ofPlans
Objectivesofeach
typeofplanis
defined
Contentsof
MasterPlan
areelaborated
Contentsof
Development
Planand
SectoralPlanare
elaborated
Contentsofeach
typeofplanas
mentionedinact
areelaborated
ScopeandContentsof
DevelopmentPlanare
illustrated
Contentsof
RegionalPlan
and
Development
Planare
elaborated
Contentsfor
Draft
Development
Planare
elaborated
Affirmation
with74th
Amendment
Act
DPCandMPCare
notincorporated
DPCandMPC
arenot
incorporated
DPCandMPC
arenot
incorporated,
Statetoconstitute
DistrictPlanning
andDevelopment
CommitteeandCity
orTownPlanning
andDevelopment
Committee.
Chairmanofthe
committeetobe
appointedbyState
whereasother
memberstobe
Noprovisionfor
constitutingDPCand
MPC.Howeverit
elaboratessome
functionsofMPC
Noprovisionfor
DPCandMPC.
Noprovision
forMPCand
DPC
40
S.No. Criteria
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Himachal
Pradesh
Bihar
Maharashtra
Gujarat
10
Provisionfor
Regional
Planning
Provisionof
RegionalPlanning
tobedoneby
RegionalPlanning
Authority
Noprovision
forRegional
Planning
Provisionfor
preparationof
RegionalPlan
Provisionfor
preparationof
DistrictorRegional
Plan
TheActdoesnthave
specificprovisionfor
Regional
DevelopmentPlans,
howeveritdefines
basicscopeof
DevelopmentPlans
whichalsoinclude
RegionalPlans
TheActhas
provisionfor
Regional
PlanningBoard
andelaborates
itsfunctionwith
respectto
regional
development
Noprovision
forRegional
Planning.
Thoughthe
Actprovides
for
Development
Areahowever
itdoesnot
elaborateon
thespatial
extentand
criteriafor
declarationof
sucharea.
11
Town
Planning/Dev
elopment
Scheme
DetailedTown
PlanningSchemes
preparedunderthe
TamilNaduTown
PlanningAct,1920,
Planning
Authority,for
thepurposeof
implementing
theproposals,
maymakeone
ormoretown
planning
schemesfor
theareawithin
itsjurisdiction
TheTownand
Country
Development
Authoritymay,
atanytime,
declareits
intentionto
prepareatown
Development
Schemeand
provisionsare
defineto
incorporatein
TownPlanning
Forthepurposeof
implementingthe
proposals
containedinthe
DevelopmentPlan,
prepareoneor
more
Development
Schemeforfive
yearsorforone
year.
Development
Schemetobe
Theplanning
authoritymayinvite
areaDevelopment
Schemesfrom
developers.
AnAreaDevelopment
Schememaybemade
inrespectofanyland
whichis:
(a)intheprocessof
development,
(b)likelytobeused
foranydevelopment
includingbuilding
APlanning
Authoritymay
forthepurpose
ofimplementing
theproposalsin
thefinal
Development
Plan,prepare
oneormore
TownPlanning
Schemesforthe
areawithinits
jurisdiction.
Contentsofdraft
Appropriate
authoritymay
makeoneor
moreTown
Planning
Schemefor
therespective
development
area.
Town
Planning
Schememay
bemadein
respectofany
Mizoram
selectedatdistrict
levelandcitylevel
incompliancewith
theAct.
41

S.No. Criteria
12
Periodic
Revisionof
Plans
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Provisionof
reviewingthe
RegionalPlanonce
in10yearsandthe
MasterPlanmaybe
reviewedonceinin
5years.
Atleastoncein
everyten
yearsfromthe
dateonwhich
theMaster
Planhascome
intoforce
Himachal
Pradesh
scheme.
Statehaspower
togive
directionsto
frame/modifyor
revokethe
scheme
Mizoram
developedin
respectof:
(a)inthecourseof
development,
(b)likelytobeused
forbuilding
purposesor
(c)alreadybuiltup.
Provisionfor
reviewthePlans
atanytime;
however
minimum
timeframehas
notprovided.
Bihar
purposes,or
(c)alreadybuiltupon.
DistrictorRegional Noprovision
DevelopmentPlan
shallbereviewedat
leastonceinevery
10yearswhereas,
Interim
DevelopmentPlan,
UrbanDevelopment
PlanandRuralor
SectorPlanshallbe
reviewedatleast
onceinevery5
years
Maharashtra
schemeis
elaborated
Gujarat
landinthe
courseof
development,
likelytobe
usedfor
building
purposesand
alreadybuilt
upon.
Contentof
draftscheme
aredefinedin
theact.
TheState
Atleastonce
Government
intenyears.
canreviseat
Area
anytimeafter
Developmen
aRegional
tAuthority
planhascome
shallrevise
intooperation,
Developmen
butnotearlier
tPlan
thantenyears
Therevision
shallbeat
leastoncein
twentyyears
fromthedate
onwhicha
Development
Planhascome
intooperation,
42
S.No. Criteria
13
Land
Assembly/Me
chanism/Acq
uisition
TamilNadu
Karnataka
Powertoacquire Powerto
landunderthe
acquireland
LandAcquisition
underthe
Act
Land
Acquisition
Acquisitionof
Actor
landby
agreement,
Acquisition
howeverifthe
oflandby
valueofsuchland
agreement,
exceedsfifty
thousandrupees,
appropriate
Planning
Authorityshall
notenterinto
suchagreement
withoutprevious
approvalofthe
Government
Himachal
Pradesh
Powerto
acquireland
underthe
Land
Acquisition
Actor
Acquisitionof
landby
agreement,
Mizoram
Bihar
Landcanbe
acquiredby
followingways:
AcquisitionofLandby Acquisitionof
Wayof
LandbyWayof
compulsorily;
byagreement;or
bytakingan
applicationtothe
collectorfor
acquiringsuch
landunderthe
LandAcquisition
Act,1894
Transferable
DevelopmentRight
Accommodation
Reservation
PurchaseofLandby
wayofNegotiated
Settlement
PowertoAcquire
landundertheLand
AcquisitionAct,
1894oranyother
LandAcquisition
Act
Maharashtra
Transferable
Development
Right
Accommodati
on
Reservation
Purchaseof
Landbyway
ofNegotiated
Settlement
Powerto
Acquireland
underthe
Land
Acquisition
Act,1894or
anyother
Land
Acquisition
Act
Gujarat
Acquisition
ofLand
eitherby
agreement
orUnder
Land
Acquisition
Act1894by
Area
Developmen
tAuthority
Source:RespectiveActs
43

44
VariouscriteriaareidentifiedformakingthecomparisonsofT&CPActoftheStates.It
hasbeenobservedinthetableabovethatthereisnoprovisionofconstitutingState
level Planning Board or Committee in the States of Gujarat and Maharashtra. But in
Bihar, the recently enacted Urban Planning and Development Act in 2012 gives
provision to constitute Urban Planning and Development Board at State level. This
ActalsorecommendsconstitutingtheUrbanArtsandHeritageCommissioninorder
to (a) preserve and conserve archaeological and historical sites, (b) restore and
conserve urban design in planning area. Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh have
provisionofconstitutingtheStateLevelPlanningBoards;howeverfunctionsofthese
boardsarenotspecifiedintheirrespectiveT&CPActs.
TheStatemaynotifyPlanningAreainconsultationwithPlanningBoards.However,in
manyStatessuchasKarnataka,HimachalPradesh,MaharashtraandGujarat,theState
Government without any consultation with the Planning Boards can notify Planning
orDevelopmentAreafortheregion.TamilNaduistheonlyStatewhichelaboratesthe
criteria for delineating the Planning Boundary whereas other States have not
consideredanysuchcriteriaintheirrespectiveActs.
TheroleofPlanningBoardissignificantforconstitutingthePlanningAuthoritiesfor
Notified Planning Area. It has been observed that every State has its own hierarchy
for constituting Planning authorities / Committees for the planning area. States of
Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have a provision to constitute the Regional Planning
Authority,whereasinGujarat,AreaDevelopmentAuthorityandUrbanDevelopment
Authorityaretobeconstitutedfordevelopmentofsettlements.Though,theextentof
Development Area is not defined in the Gujarat TP&UD Act which may create
confusion in deciding the regions boundary. The constitution of District Planning
Committee (DPC) is almost left by every State except Mizoram. The Mizoram Urban
andRegionalDevelopmentAct,makesmandatorytoconstituteDPCandCityorTown
Planning Committee in accordance with 74th CAA, however function and power of
DPCarenotspecified.MizoramUrbanandRegionalDevelopmentAct,haveprovision
for constituting Local Authorities such as Village Councils and Municipalities to
participateinplanningprocess.
Onthesameline,TamilNadu,KarnatakaandMaharashtrahavealsomadeaprovision
with respect to constitution of Metropolitan Development Authority. However this
provisionislimitedtoChennai,BangaloreandMumbai.AllotherMetropolitancities
in these States such as Pune, Nagpur and Mangalore etcetera have been ignored. It
hasbeennoticedthatStatessuchasMaharashtraandHimachalPradeshhavespecial
provision to constitute Special Area Development/Planning Authority in order to
developNotifiedArea.
In order to prepare Plans at different levels, most of the States have provision for
DevelopmentPlanorMasterPlanwhichistobedevelopedforNotifiedPlanningArea,
45
StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysis
whereasTamilNaduandMaharashtrahavespecificprovisiontoformulateRegional
Plansinidentifiedregion.
Town Planning or Development scheme is an important tool to develop land; every
StatehasmadeprovisiontodevelopPlanning/DevelopmentScheme.Landacquisition
is an important aspect for implementation of plans. States empowers Planning
Authorities through T&CP Acts to acquire land, however mechanism for land
acquisition vary amongst States. In every State, land acquisition is mentioned to be
either as per Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or through agreement with the owner.
Maharashtra and Bihar have additional mechanism i.e. Town Planning Schemes and
TransferofDevelopmentRighttoacquirelandfordevelopmentpurposes.
5.1. Maharashtra
InMaharashtra,TownPlanningisastatutoryfunctionofalltheMunicipalAuthorities
even before the Constitution (74th) Amendment Act. In view of this, no separate
provisionwasconsiderednecessarybytheStateGovernmenttoamendthe1966Act.
ThisAct,amendedupto5thAugust1992wasconsideredacomprehensiveAct.The
Act provided that the Development Plan prepared by Planning Authority shall
indicatethemanneroflanduse,allocationoflandforvariouspurposes,andprescribe
the time period for steps in the plan preparation process with extended time if
required.
The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act has given emphasis on
Regional Planning. It enables State Government to constitute Regional Planning
Boards to prepare Regional Plans. The Act, however, does not have any provision to
constitute MPC or DPC, thus it is not entirely compliant with 74th CAA. It is, Bombay
Metropolitan Region Development Authority Act which makes it mandatory to
constitute MPC and elaborated the procedure to be followed by MPC in order to
prepareDevelopmentPlansforMetropolitanArea.
The Special Planning Authority to be constituted by the States for certain Notified
Areas. The Special Planning Authorities will have all the powers of a Planning
AuthoritytoacquirelandforspecialpurposeinNotifiedAreas.InMaharashtra,there
isaspecialprovisiontoconstituteNewTownDevelopmentAuthorityforthepurpose
ofacquiring,developinganddisposingoflandintheareaofanewtown.
Forimplementationoftheplan,compulsoryacquisitionoflandisregardedasapre
requisiteundertheLandAcquisitionAct,1984.Inviewoftheexorbitantmarketrates
of land to be paid for compensation, opposition to compulsory land acquisition by
land owners, etcetera has compelled the authorities to explore collaborative
approaches within the existing legal framework. As a result, the alternatives to
compulsory land acquisition in the form of Transferable Development Rights (TDR)
andAccommodationReservationhavebeenexploredinMaharashtra.
46
URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
However, in both these cases i.e. Accommodation Reservation and TDR, the Local
Authority reserves its right to compulsorily acquire the land if the land owner does
notcomeforward.Further,theTownPlanningScheme(TPS)asanalternativemodel
forurbanlanddevelopmenthasbeenprovidedintheMRTPActasoneofthetoolsfor
implementing the proposals contained in the Development Plan and had been used
mostextensivelyintheStateofMaharashtra.
The draft scheme is prepared by the Planning Authority and finalisation of
developmentschemeisdonebytheArbitrator/AssistantDirectorofTownPlanning
and then it is submitted to thegovernment for approval. Howeverthe procedure of
TPSformulationandapprovalconsumeslotoftimeandrequirestobesimplified.
5.2. HimachalPradesh
IntheStateofHimachalPradesh,TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanning
Act, 1977 is in force. It is a comprehensive planning and development act and
provides for the preparation of Regional Plans; Urban Area Plans, Zonal Plans, and
prescribescontrolsonuseanddevelopmentofland.Thelegislationalsoprovidesfor
levyofdevelopmentcharges.
UndertheAct,thePlanningAreasareconstitutedandtheDirectorofTownPlanning
isentrustedwiththetaskofpreparationofDevelopmentPlanwhichwillbefollowed
by Sectoral Plans in consultation with the Local Authorities concerned. The Interim
Development Plan is submitted to the State Government who notifies approved
Interim Development Plan in the official gazette and the Local Authorities are
required to follow the plan. The Act also contains provision for the constitution of
Town and Country Development Authorities for preparation of Town Development
Schemes.
The act has provision for the preparation of Regional Plan and Development Plan,
whichwillbepreparedbytheDirector,TownandCountryPlanningofthestate.The
contentofRegionalPlanandDevelopmentPlanhavebeenprovidedintheActanda
briefmethodologytoformulatetheplansisgiven.Thefinalapprovaloftheplanisto
beprovidedbytheState.
TheTownandCountryDevelopmentAuthoritymay,atanytime,declareitsintention
to prepare a Town Development Scheme. State has power to give directions to
frame/modifyorrevoketheschemes.
The Act has provision to review the plans at any time after a Regional/Development
Planhascomeintooperation.TheStatecanundertakethereviewandevaluationofthe
plan,howevertheminimumtimeframehasnotbeenprovidedbywhichthePlanistobe
revisedorreviewed.
47
Provisions to declare any area as Special Area which is to be notified by State are
givenintheAct.ThePlanforsuchareaswillbecontrolledandregulatedbySpecial
Development Authority (SDA). SDA will prepare the Development Plans for such
areas and implement it. Other than special areas, Town and Country Planning
AuthoritiesintheStatewillprepareandimplementtheplan.
5.3. TamilNadu
The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 is currently in force in the
State.ThelegislationwasbroughtinafterrepealingtheTownPlanningAct,1920.Itis
a comprehensive piece of legislation and contains provisions for the preparation of
Regional, Metropolitan, Master Plan, New Town and Detailed Development Plans.
Besides,theActenvisagestheconstitutionofRegional,LocalandNewTownPlanning
Authorities and a Town and Country Planning Board at the apex empowered with
implementationpowers.
TheTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971hasbeenamendedsoastohaveseparate
provision for the constitution of Madras Metropolitan Development Authority and
preparationandimplementationofMasterPlanfortheMadrasMetropolitanPlanning
Area.
The scheme of the Act is that the planning process starts with decentralisation of
RegionalPlanningAreaandLocalPlanningAreaundersection10oftheActwhichis
notifiedinthegazette,definingthelimitsofthearea.Afterthis,theTownandCountry
PlanningAuthorityareconstitutedinconsultationwiththeDirectorofTownPlanning
for performing the function of preparing a Regional/Master Plan and detailed
DevelopmentPlan.OncethePlanispreparedandsubmittedtothegovernment,State
government can give its consent to the Planning Authority to the publication of a
noticeofthepreparationofplanwithorwithoutmodification.
In case of Tamil Nadu, the Town Planning Scheme (TPS) of Maharashtra or Gujarat
has been redesignated as Detailed Development Plans under the Act. These can be
preparedonanylandlocatedinthePlanningArea.
TheTamilNaduTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971,haslaiddowntheprocedurefor
planpreparationandapprovalbut,unfortunately,thereisnotimeframewithinwhich
theplanningprocessshouldbecompleted.
5.4. Gujarat
Gujarat has a fairly good and robust legislative framework for urban planning as
compared to other States in India. The Gujarat Town Planning and Urban
DevelopmentAct(GTPUDA)wasenactedin1976bytheStateGovernment.TheAct
stems from early 20th century planning law devised by the British to improve and
48
manageIndiancities.Italsohasbeenamendedfromtimetotimetokeeppacewith
thechangingrequirements.
TheActmandatesthedelineationofaDevelopmentAreaaroundacityoratownfor
planningpurposes.Itencompassesamuchlargerareaaroundthecityortownthatis
likelytoseedevelopment.Thisensuresandallowsforbetterplanningandforguiding
development in the area. A village is the basic spatial unit and every development
area is an agglomeration of numerous villages, or may also include portions of
villages.
The GTPUDA also mandates the creation of a Special Planning Authoritythe
Urban/Area Development Authority (UDA/ADA)which is charged with the task of
undertakingplanningwithinthedelineatedDevelopmentArea.
UrbanplanninginGujaratisatwostepprocessandisprescribedintheActandits
Rules. The first step is to prepare a Development Plan for the entire city or
developmentarea.ThesecondstepistoprepareTownPlanningSchemes(TPSs)for
smaller portions of the development area for which the Development Plan is
prepared.
TheActdoesnothaveprovisionforRegionalPlanning.Thoughitsaysdevelopmentarea
however it has not elaborated extent and criteria for declaration of such area. The
preparation of Area Plan is done by Area development Authority. Whereas
Development Plan for urban areas is done by Urban Development Authority. The
DevelopmentPlanisrevisedevery10yearsandisupdatedintheinterimwhenevera
needarisestorespondtothechangingcontext.
The planning process also includes limited public participation. After a Draft
DevelopmentPlanispreparedbytheDevelopmentAuthorityitispublishedandkept
openforpublicinspectionforaperiodoftwomonthsandobjectionsandsuggestions
areinvited.Eachobjectionandsuggestionisrespondedtoand,ifrequired,theDPis
modified.Itispublishedagaintoinvitefurtherobjectionsandsuggestions.Theseare
again taken into account and the plan is modified. It is then sent to the State
Government of Gujarat for approval and oversight. The State Government may
suggest modifications, keeping the overall public good in view if required, before
approvingtheDevelopmentPlan.
Appropriate authority can make one or more TPS for the respective development
area.TPSmaybemadeinrespectofanylandwhichisinthecourseofdevelopment,
likely to be used for building purposes and already built upon. The Public Planning
Authorities/Development Agencies acquire large areas of land under the Land
AcquisitionActof1894orbyagreement.ThenaMasterPlanoftheareaisprepared,
laying out the roads, plots for social amenities, and plots for sale. Roads and
infrastructurearethenbuilt,usinggovernmentfundsorloans.Servicedplotsarethen
49
soldforurbanusesatmarketrates,whicharemostoftenmuchhigherthantherateat
whichlandisacquired.
5.5. Karnataka
TheKarnatakaTownandCountryPlanning(KTCP)Actprovidesfortheregulationof
plannedgrowthoflanduseanddevelopment,forthemakingandexecutionofTown
PlanningSchemes,intheStateofKarnataka,whichcameintoforcein1965.TheAct
mandates constitution of State Planning Board, which consult and direct the Local
Planning Authorities after notifying the Planning Area. The detailed functions of State
PlanningBoardhavenotbeenelaborated.
In Karnataka, the KTCP Act does not have any provision to constitute Metropolitan
Planning Authority, however a separate Act i.e. Bangalore Metropolitan Regional
AuthorityAct,1985hasbeenestablishedforBangaloreMetropolitanArea.
Emphasis has been given on preparation of Master Plan, the contents for the same
have been elaborated, however the concept of Regional Planning has completely
ignoredinKTCPAct. After notifying the Planning Area by State in consultation with
Board, the Planning Authority is to prepare Outline Development Plan, prior to the
preparationofMasterPlan.AssoonastheMasterPlanisapprovedbytheState,the
Planning Authority prepares the TPS for the implementation of Plan. The Planning
Authority may prepare one or more TPS for the area within its jurisdiction. A TPS
may be made in accordance with the provisions of KTCP Act in respect of any land
which is in course of development, or likely to be used for building purposes, or
alreadybuiltupon.
ThereisaprovisionforrevisionofMasterPlanatleastonceineverytenyearsfrom
thedateonwhichtheMasterPlancameintoforce.
The KTCP act has laid down the procedure to acquire land for Master Plan and
Schemes for public purposes. The Planning Authority may acquire any land
designated in a Master Plan for a specified purpose or for public purpose by
agreementorundertheLandAcquisitionAct,1894.
5.6. Bihar
Bihar Urban Planning and Development (BUPD) Act, 2012 was enacted to make
provisionforpromotionofplannedgrowthanddevelopmentofurbanareasandsuch
ruralareashavingpotentialofurbanizationandregulationthereofincludinglanduse.
The act empowers the State of Bihar to constitute Bihar Urban Planning and
DevelopmentBoardtoperformcertainfunctionswhichmainlyincludestoguide,(a)
direct and assist the Planning Authority; (b) to advise on the delineation of the
Planning Area(s) and direct the preparation of Development Plan; (c) undertake,
50
assist and advise on the coordination of planning and implementation of physical

development programmes; (d) direct the preparations of one or more Regional
DevelopmentPlan,RegionalTransportationPlans,TownDevelopmentPlansand(e)
direct the preparations of one or more Regional Natural Resources and
EnvironmentalConservationPlans.
TheBoardisempoweredtoconstituteoneormorecommitteesunderBUPDAct,to
assist Board in exercising its powers, discharging its duties or performing its
functions. This Act also empowers the State to constitute Urban Arts and Heritage
Commission in order to preserve and conserve archaeological and historical sites,
restoreandconserveurbandesigninPlanningArea.
The Act has given provision to prepare Development Plan for Metropolitan area by
MetropolitanPlanningCommittee(MPC),andthecriteriaforconstitutionofMPCwillbe
in accordance with Article 243ZE of the Constitution of India; however such criteria
havenotbeendiscussedindetail.The power and function of Planning Authorities as
wellasMPChasbeenelaborated.
The contents and scope of Development Plan and Metropolitan Development Plan
have been elaborated in the Act. Regional Planning aspects have been addressed
howeverspecificcontenttoRegionalPlanshavenotbeendiscussedintheAct.
AfterthereceiptoftheDevelopmentPlan,togetherwiththereportoftheCommittee,
the Government may either approve the Development Plan, with or without
modifications, or may return the Development Plan to the Planning Authority to
modifytheplanortoprepareafreshplaninaccordancewithsuchdirectionsasthe
Government may issue in this behalf. Immediately after the Development Plan has
been approved by the Government, the Planning Authority shall publish a public
notice in the Official Gazette and in a local newspaper, of the approval of the
Development. The Development Plan shall come into operation from the date of
publication.
The Planning Authority may invite Area Development Schemes from developers. An
AreaDevelopmentSchememaybemadeinrespectofanylandwhichisintheprocess
ofdevelopment,orlikelytobeusedforanydevelopmentincludingbuildingpurposes,
oralreadybuiltupon.
Any land required, reserved or designated in any Development Plan and Area
developmentSchemecanbeforapublicpurposebyWayofTDRorAccommodation
ReservationorpurchaseoflandbywayofnegotiatedsettlementorundertheLand
AcquisitionAct,1894.Theacthasalsogiventheprovisionto createandmaintaina
land bank, in which all lands acquired, allotted, purchased and obtained, will be
monitoredandmaintainedandpositionreviewedperiodicallybyrespectivePlanning
Authorities.
51
5.7. Mizoram
The Mizoram Urban and Regional Development Act, 1990 was enacted to make
provisionfortheregulationofplannedgrowthanddevelopment ofurbanandrural
areas and regions in relation to economic growth and protection and preservation
and development of natural setting and urban environment and archaeological
monumentsandhistoricalplacesinMizoram.
TheActempowerstheStatetoconstituteUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentBoardfor
theStateandforthedistrictortownoracitytoadviseStateGovernmentinregardto
the Spatial and Economic Planning and development and also for determining
principlesandpoliciesundertheActwithaviewtoachievebalanceandcoordinated
development of the cities, towns and regions as a whole; and to assist the Board in
mattersofDevelopmentPlanpreparationanditsimplementation.
The act has also elaborated the procedure to constitute District Planning and
DevelopmentCommitteeincompliantwith74thCAA.
ThefunctionsofPlanningBoardorCommitteearetoprepareandenforcefollowing
plans, prepared by the Municipalities or Village Councils or any Local authority and
assisttheStateGovernmenttocoordinatedevelopmentactivitiesatalllevelswithin
thePlanningareaorregion.
IntegratedInterimDevelopmentPlan,
DistrictorRegionalDevelopmentPlan,
RuralorSectoralPlan,
UrbanDevelopmentPlanandAction,
PreparationofDevelopmentScheme,
PreparationofRegionalandRuralCentreDevelopmentPlanand
IntegratingUrbanandRuralDevelopmentschemesandDevelopmentPlans
ThehierarchyofDevelopmentPlanswithelaboratedcontenthasbeenestablishedby
theAct.Thecommentsandsuggestionsareinvitedfromanypersonwithin30days
from the publication of notice for publishing the Development Plan, as soon as may
be, but not later than 6 months after the submission of the Development Plan the
StateGovernmentinconsultationwiththeBoardorCommitteemayeitherApprove
the Development Plan in full or Approve with such modifications or return it for
furtherimprovement.OncetheStatehasapprovedtheDevelopmentPlan,theofficial
notice is published to invite objection and suggestion. After considering objections
andsuggestionsandaftergivinghearingtothepersonsdesirousofbeingheardthe
StateGovernmentmayconfirmthemodificationintheDevelopmentPlan.
For the purpose of implementing the proposals contained in the Development Plan,
The Government in consultation with the Board or Committee is empowered to
entrustanyGovernmentAgencyorLocalauthorityorBoardtoprepareoneormore
52
Development Scheme for efficient implementation of Development Plans.

Development scheme can be developed in respect of land which is in the course of
development,likelytobeusedforbuildingpurposes,oralreadybuiltup.
Landcanbeacquiredeitherbycompulsorily;or by agreement; or by taking an
application to the District Collector for acquiring such land under the Land
AcquisitionAct,1894forDevelopmentSchemes.
ThereisaprovisionofreviewandevaluationofDevelopmentPlanatanytimebythe
State after Development plan has come into operation and make such modification,
however District or Regional Development Plan shall be reviewed at least once in
every 10 years whereas, Interim Development Plan, Urban Development Plan and
RuralorSectorPlanshallbereviewedatleastonceinevery5years.
53
LegalrequirementsforIndustrialDevelopment
54
Legal
Requirements
Development
for
Industrial
6.1. Industries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951
The Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 provides for development
andregulationofcertainindustries.TheActhasbeenamendedtimetotime.Thelast
amendment in the said Act was The Industries (Development and Regulation)
AmendmentAct,1984.ItprovidesforEstablishmentoftheCentralAdvisoryCouncil
and Development Councils; regulation of the industries through the processes of
registration,licensingandinvestigationintoindustriesliquidationorreconstruction
of companies and miscellaneous provisions. The Act gives a list of industries which
requirescompulsorylicensing.
6.2. IndustrialPolicy,1991
The first Industrial policy of the Government of India was announced in year 1948.
The 1991 Industrial policy aims to maintain sustainable growth in productivity,
enhance gainful employment, achieve optimal utilisation of human resources, attain
internationalcompetitivenessandtransformIndiaintoamajorpartnerintheglobal
arena.Thepolicyisfocussedonthefollowing:
Industryderegulation
Marketresponsiveindustrialdevelopment
ProvisionofapolicyregimeforfacilitationandgrowthofIndianindustry.
Themajorprovisionsofthepolicyareasgivenbelow:
1)
LiberalizationofIndustrialLicensingPolicy
a)
Industriesrequiringcompulsorylicensing
As per the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, industries
required compulsory licensing. As of year 2014, only five types of industry
sectors require compulsory licensing on account of environmental, safety and
strategicconsiderations,theseare:
Distillationandbrewingofalcoholicdrinks
Cigarsandcigarettesoftobaccoandmanufacturedtobaccosubstitutes
Electronicaerospaceanddefenceequipment
Industrial explosives including detonating fuses, safety fuses, gun powder,

nitrocelluloseandmatches.
Specifiedhazardouschemicalsi.e(i)Hydrocyanicacidandits derivatives,(ii)
Phosgeneanditsderivatives,(iii)Isocyanates&diisocyanatesofhydrocarbon.
55
b)
Industriesunderpublicsector
Since,1991onlytwoindustrysectorshavebeenreservedforpublicsector.They
are:
Atomic Energy Production, separation or enrichment of special fissionable
materials and substances and operation of the facilities, specified in the
DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion.
Railwaytransport
2)
IndustrialEntrepreneursMemorandum(IEM)
The industries which are exempted from compulsory licensing require filing
an Industrial Entrepreneurs Memorandum (IEM) with the Secretariat for
Industrial Assistance (SIA). No industrial approval is required for the
exemptedindustries.
6.3. PolicyforForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)
URDPFIGuidelinesprovidethesectionsoftheConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2013which
haverelevancetothepreparationofRegionalorUrbanDevelopmentPlansandits
implementation.
Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) forms an integral part of Industrial
Policy. It helps in accelerating economic growth by means of infusion of capital,
technologyandmodernmanagementpractices.TheFDIpolicyisannouncedthrough
issue of Consolidated FDI Policy Circulars. The latest Circular is effective from April
2013. As per the circular the sectors which have been liberalised are mentioned in
Error!Referencesourcenotfound..
Table6.1: LiberalisedSectorforForeignDirectInvestment(RelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning)
Sr.No.
Sector
MaximumFDI%allowed
1.
AgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,coveringthe
followingsectors:
a) Floriculture,Horticulture,Apicultureand
CultivationofVegetables&Mushroomsunder
controlledconditions;
b) DevelopmentandproductionofSeedsand
plantingmaterial;
c) AnimalHusbandry(includingbreedingof
dogs),Pisciculture,Aquaculture,under
controlledconditions;and
d) servicesrelatedtoagroandalliedsectors
100%
2.
Teasectorincludingteaplantation
100%subjectto26%
divestmentin5years
3.
Mining,subjecttotheMinesandMinerals
(Development&Regulation)Act,1957
a) Coalandlignitemining
b) Coalprocessingplants
100%
56
Sr.No.
Sector
MaximumFDI%allowed
c) Miningandmineralseparationoftitanium
bearingmineralsandores,itsvalueaddition
andintegratedactivities
4.
PetroleumandNaturalGas
a) Explorationactivitiesandinfrastructurefor
marketing
b) PetroleumrefiningbyPSUs
100%
49%
5.
Airports:Greenfieldandexistingprojects
100%
6.
ConstructionDevelopment:Townships,Housing,Built
upinfrastructure
100%(subjecttoconditions)
Minimumareatobedeveloped
undereachprojectwouldbeas
under:
(i)Incaseofdevelopmentof
servicedhousingplots,a
minimumlandareaof10
hectares
(ii)Incaseofconstruction
developmentprojects,a
minimumbuiltupareaof
50,000sq.mts
(iii)Incaseofacombination
project,anyoneoftheabove
twoconditionswouldsuffice
7.
Industrialpark;NewandExisting
100%
8.
PowerExchange:
PowerExchangesregisteredundertheCentral
ElectricityRegulatoryCommission(PowerMarket)
Regulations,2010
49%
9.
ManufacturingforproductioninMicroandSmall
Enterprises
Conditionsapply
10.
DefenceIndustry
26%
Source:
ConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2013
Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has been established to

strengthentheforeigninvestment.AspertheConsolidatedFDIPolicy(effectivefrom
April, 5th 2013) salient features relevant to FDI in industrial parks (cited in section
6.2.12, page no. 59) and manufacturing (from section 6.2.5, page no. 45 of the
ConsolidatedFDIpolicy,2013)havebeenmentionedbelow:
IndustrialParks:FDIallowedinindustrialparksis100%,providedthefollowing
conditionsaresatisfied:
TheIndustrialparkshallcompriseminimumof10unitsandnoneshalloccupy
morethan50%oftheallocablearea.
Minimum percentage of area to be allocatedfor industrial activity shall not be
lessthan66%ofthetotalallocablearea.
57
Manufacturing: FDI in MSE (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is subject to
sectoral regulations. Any organization other than MSE but manufactures items
reserved for MSE sector and has foreign investment in capital of more than 24%
would have to come through Government Route. Additionally, such organization
shallrequireindustriallicenseformanufacturing.Ithastoachieveminimum50%
exportoftheMSEproductswithinaperiodofthreeyears.
6.4. ManufacturingPolicyforClusterDevelopments
The Government of India has announced the National Manufacturing Policy in year
2011 with the objective to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP upto 25%
within a decade and creating 100 million jobs. The National Manufacturing Policy
outlines creation of clusters. The clusters play a critical role in technological
propagation by facilitating technological learning and manufacturing through the
presenceofanentireecosysteminthesamegeographicallocation.TheXIIFiveYear
Plan of Planning Commission also suggests a cluster approach for promotion of
manufacturingindustries.
URDPFIGuidelinesprovidesthefollowingActs/Policies/Guidelinesinrelevanceto
the preparation of Regional, Industrial or Urban Development Plans and its
implementation:
NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011
NationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZs)Guidelines
SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005
VariousschemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries
ProvisionsforMicroSmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME)
NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011andNIMZGuidelines,SEZAct,2005andMicro,
Small&MediumEnterprisesDevelopment(MSMED)Act,2006areappendiceslisted
withtheirrespectivewebURLatAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
6.4.1.
The policy is based on the principle of industrial growth in partnership with the
States. The Central Government will create the enabling policy frame work, provide
incentivesforinfrastructuredevelopmentonaPublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)basis
through appropriate financing instruments, and State Governments will be
encouragedtoadopttheinstrumentalitiesprovidedinthepolicy.
Under the policy (section 1.11), the industry verticals which will be given special
attention are: employment intensive industries, capital goods, industries with
strategic significance like aerospace; shipping; IT hardware and electronics;
telecommunication equipment; defence equipment; and solar energy, industries
58
whereIndiaenjoyacompetitiveadvantage,SmallandMediumIndustriesandPublic
sectorEnterprises.Thepolicypresentsspecificactionpointsintheareasidentifiedas
constraintsthatrequireimmediatepolicyattention
Forrationalisationandsimplificationofbusinessregulations (section2,pageno.8),
several provisions of different acts may be rationalised or implemented in
cooperation with public or private institutions under the control of statutory
authorities.Theprovisionsare:
a) Central and State Government may provide exemptions subject to fulfilment of
conditions.
b) Mechanismstobedevelopedforcooperationofpublicorprivateinstitutionswith
governmentinspectionservices.
c) Inrespectofenvironmentlaws,itisproposedtodelegatethe powersasallowed
bytherelevantstatuestoanofficialoftheStatePollutionControlBoardpostedin
theNIMZ.
d) State Pollution Control Boards to evolve mechanisms for third party inspection
(bynotifiedprivateagencies)forcompliancemonitoring
e) StateEnvironmentImpactAssessmentAuthoritiestoexpeditepriorenvironment
clearancesforBcategoryprojectsundertheprovisionsofEIAnotification2006
f) Definingthetimelinesinrespectofallclearancestheclearancetobedeemedto
havebeengivenonexpiryoftimeline.
g) DevelopmentofCombinedApplicationFormandaCommonRegistrarforgranting
variousconsentsandauthorisationsundervariousstatutes.
ThePlanningCommissionhasidentifiedconcomitantpolicyinterventions(pageno.1
ofPolicydocument)whichimpactthemanufacturingsector(butwhichhavenotbeen
addressedintheNationalManufacturingPolicy),theseare:digitizationoflandand
resourcemapsandcreationoflandbanksbystates;waterzoning;offsetpolicy;fiscal
and exchange rate measures; strategic acquisitions; development of world class
manufacturing management capabilities; trade policy especially boosting Indias
exports;andreformingtheroleofpublicsectorenterprises.
6.4.2. National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

Guidelines
The NIMZs are important instrumentality of the National Manufacturing Policy. The
NIMZsareenvisagedasintegratedindustrialtownshipswithlanduseonthebasisof
zoning, clean and energy efficient technology, necessary social infrastructure, skill
59
development facilities etc. to provide a productive environment for persons
transitioningfromtheprimarytothesecondaryandtertiarysectors.
ThekeyfeaturesoftheNIMZGuidelinesare:
1. Theapprovalprocessisintwostages:Inprincipalapprovalandfinalapproval
fortheNIMZ.Aftertheinprincipalapproval,assoonasasubstantialpartofthe
land area is in possession of State Government, application for obtaining final
approvalshallbemadewhichwillbegrantedatthelevelofMinistryofCommerce
andIndustry.Afterobtainingtheapproval,eachNIMZwillbenotifiedbytheDIPP
intheofficialgazette.
a. ForplanningtheNIMZ,mapsshallbepreparedandsubmittedalongwiththe
applicationforfinalapproval.Themapsshallconsistoffollowing:
Administrativeandphysicalmap:indicatingthedistricts,villages,
townships,waterbodies,highlands,lowlandsandforestsetc.whichare
locatedwithinitsboundaries.
Existinglandusemap:Atleast30%ofthetotallandareaproposedforthe
NIMZwillbeutilizedforlocationofmanufacturingunits.
ExternalandexistinginternallinkagesmapofproposedNIMZ.
b. PreparationofTechnoeconomicfeasibilityreportcumdevelopmentplanand
presentationbytheStateforfinalapproval.Itshallincludethefollowing:
Overviewoftheregionandadjoiningareas
Externallinkages
ExistinginternalinfrastructureinNIMZarea
Landincludingstatusandtimeframeoflandacquisition
Assessmentofindustrialandcommercialpotential
Preliminaryenvironmentimpactassessment
Externalandtechnicalinfrastructurerequirement
Financialimplications
Proposedmanagementstructure
Zonedevelopmentplan
Regulatoryenvironment
2. Formation of an agreement of implementation between State Government
andDIPP:
a. ConstitutionofSpecialPurposeVehicletodischargethefunctions:Thereshall
beaprovisionforsuitablerepresentationofanomineeofthe Governmentof
India (DIPP), and of the allottees and subsequently of the industrial units on
theBoardoftheSPV.
b. PreparationofMasterPlananddesigningbySPV
c. Preparation of a strategy of development of zone and action plan for self
regulationwithin3monthsfromconstitutionofSPV.
60
3. LandAllotment: Land shall be allotted on leasehold basis by SPV. The SPV will
ensure that land is utilised as per the permissible purpose within the specified
period of time as indicated in the land allotment letter otherwise, it shall revert
backtotheSPV.
4. Land for NIMZs: NIMZs would be large developed land, with the requisite eco
systemforpromotingworldclassmanufacturingactivity.Theywouldbedifferent
from SEZs in terms of size, level of infrastructure planning, and governance
structures related to regulatory procedures and exit policies. Following are the
landrequirementsforNIMZ:
a. SizeoflandforNIMZAnNIMZwouldhaveanareaofatleast5000hectares
insize.
b. AvailabilityoflandTheStateGovernmentwillberesponsibleforselectionof
land suitable for development of the NIMZ including land acquisition, if
necessary.Thelandmayconstitute:
i.
Governmentownedland;
ii. Private lands falling within the proposed NIMZ, to be acquired by the
StateGovernment;
iii. Land under existing industrial areas/estates/sick and defunct units
includingPSUs.
FollowingguidingprincipleswillbeappliedbytheStateGovernmentforthepurpose
ofacquiringlandforNIMZsites:
i.
Preferably in waste lands; infertile and dry lands not suitable for
cultivation;
ii. Useofagriculturallandtotheminimum;
iii. All acquisition proceedings to specify a viable resettlement and
rehabilitationplan;
iv. Reasonableaccesstobasicresourceslikewater;
v.
Itshouldnotbewithinanyecologicallysensitiveareaorcloserthanthe
minimumdistancespecifiedforsuchanarea.
5. Rationalisationandsimplificationofregulatoryprocesses:
High priority shall be given to Environment Clearance under EIA
Notification,2006
The entire process of clearances by State authorities will be made web
enabled.
Timelineswillbedefinedinrespectofallclearancesandthereisprovision
ofdeemedapprovalofclearances.
6. Role of Central Government: the Central Government shall perform the
followingtasks:
a. BearingthecostofMasterPlanning
61
b. Provision of external infrastructure: Creation/ Up gradation of external
infrastructure through PPP and provision of Viability gap funding through
existingschemes
c. Provisionsforcreationofinternalinfrastructure:
i.
Through Viability Gap Funding (VGF): Supporting Public Private
Partnerships in infrastructure (maximum twenty percent of the total
projectcost).
ii. Longtermsoftloansfrommultilateralfinancialinstitutions
iii. Externalcommercialborrowings
7. SetupofTechnologyAcquisitionandDevelopmentFundforcreationofapatent
pool;incentivizationofproductionofenvironmentfriendlymachines/equipment
and of SMEs for adoption of environmental audit, water audit and waste water
treatmentpractices.
8. Provisionofinstitutionalinfrastructureforproductivity,quality(testingfacilities
etc.)anddesigncapabilities,encouraginginnovationandskilldevelopmentwithin
theNIMZ.
9. Funding for establishment of an ITI on Built Own Operate basis by the SPV in
NIMZ.
10. Provision of VGF for setting up specialised polytechnics for relevant industry
verticalsinaNIMZ
6.4.3.
SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005
TheSEZAct,2005providesfortheestablishment,developmentandmanagementof
theSpecialEconomicZonesforthepromotionofexports.TheActgivestaxbenefits
whichshallboostinternationaltrade.
ThekeyfeaturesoftheActare:
1. Chapter III of the Act provides for Constitution of the Board of approval for
granting approval for setting up the SEZ. The Central Government shall upon
satisfactionoftherequirementsnotifythespecificallyidentifiedareaintheState
asaSpecialEconomicZone.
2. Accordingtosection5oftheAct,thenotificationoftheSEZmaybeguidedbythe
following:
a. generationofadditionaleconomicactivity
b. promotionofexportsofgoodsandservices;
c. promotionofinvestmentfromdomesticandforeignsources;
d. creationofemploymentopportunities;
e. developmentofinfrastructurefacilities;and
62
f.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
maintenance of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State

andfriendlyrelationswithforeignStates.
Section6ofSEZActstatesthatareasfallingwithintheSEZmaybedemarcatedas:
a. theprocessingareaforsettingupUnitsforactivitiessuchasmanufactureof
goods,orrenderingservices;
b. theareaexclusivelyfortradingorwarehousingpurposes;or
c. the nonprocessing areas for activities other than those specified under
clause(a)and(b)
Any goods or services exported, imported or procured from the domestic tariff
areabyaunitintheSEZorthedeveloperisexemptedfromthepaymentoftaxes,
dutiesorcess.
According to section 17 (page 20) of the Act, the application for setting up and
operationofanOffshorebankingunitinaSEZmaybemadetotheReserveBank.
TheSEZcanbedeemedtobeaport,inlandcontainerdepot,landstationandland
customsstationaspernotificationofCentralGovernmentundersection7ofthe
CustomsAct,1962.
The Modifications to the Income Tax Act, 1961; Insurance Act, 1938; banking
RegulationAct,1949;theIndianStampAct,1899applicabletotheSEZaregivenin
theAct.
For computation of total income of an accesses, a deduction of the following is
allowed:
a. Hundred%ofprofitsandgainsderivedfromexportsforaperiodoffirstfive
years
b. Fifty%ofprofitsandgainsderivedfromexportsforfurtherfiveassessment
yearsandthereafter
c. Anamountuptofifty%oftheprofitsshallbecreditedtoaReserveAccount
for the next five consecutive assessment years for the purpose of acquiring
plantandmachineryorforcreationofanyasset.
6.4.3.1.
MinimumlandarearequirementsforsettingupofSEZ
AreaoftheSEZ:Aspertheamendment(12thAugust,2013)ofSEZrules(2006),
toaddresstheproblemofaggregatinglargetractsofuncultivablelandforsetting
up SEZs, while conforming to vacancy and contiguity norms, the minimum land
arearequirementsforsettingupofSEZinvariouscategorieshasbeenreducedby
half. This is also aimed at permitting optimum utilization of land by the existing
SEZs.
MultiproductSEZ: can be established withminimum land area of 500 hectares
instead of 1,000 hectares. Similarly, a sector specific SEZ can be setup with a
minimumlandarearequirementsof50hectaresinsteadof100hectares.
AgroSector: In order to encourage agrobased industries in SEZs, a new sector
'agrobased food processing' sector has been introduced. A sector specific SEZ
wouldrequireaminimumlandareaof10hectares.
63
IT /ITES Sector: No minimum land area requirement for IT/ITES SEZs is
prescribed, but these will have to conform to a minimum built up area
requirement.
Theminimumbuiltuparearequirementof1,00,000squaremeterswillnowbe
insisted upon for seven major cities viz: Mumbai, Delhi (NCR), Chennai,
Hyderabad,Bangalore,PuneandKolkata,
For the other set of Category B cities 50,000 square meters norm will be
applicableand
Fortheremainingcities/locations25,000squaremetersofminimumbuiltup
areawillbeinsistedupon.
6.4.4.
SchemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries
The schemes proposed for promotion of cluster/ park development by respective

Ministries till the fiscal year of 2013 are as mentioned below; however any other
latestschemeandthepolicyshallbereferredwhileplanning.
Table6.2: SchemesproposedforpromotionofCluster/ParkDevelopment
Sr.
No.
1.
Ministry
Department
Scheme/Policies
Ministryof
Chemicalsand
Fertilisers
DepartmentofChemicals
andPetrochemicals
Ministryof
Communications
andInformation
Technology
(MoCIT)
DepartmentofElectronics
andInformationtechnology
3.
MoCIT
DepartmentofElectronics
ElectronicsHardware
andInformationTechnology TechnologyPark/Export
OrientedUnitScheme
4.
MinistryofFood
Processing
Industries
MegaFoodParksScheme
5.
Ministryof
Commerceand
Industry
DepartmentofIndustrial
policyandpromotion
MegaLeatherCluster
Scheme
MinistryofMicro,
Smalland
Medium
Enterprises
MicroandSmallEnterprises
ClusterDevelopment
Programme
7.
Ministryof
Textiles
ModifiedComprehensive
PowerloomCluster
DevelopmentScheme
2013
8.
Ministryof
Textiles
ComprehensiveHandloom
ClusterDevelopment
Scheme
2008
2.
6.
64
PolicyResolutionfor
PromotionofPetroleum,
Chemicalsand
PetrochemicalInvestment
Regions
Implementat
ion/Approva
lYear
2007
SoftwareTechnologyParks
1991
2012
2007
(Renamed)
Sr.
No.
Ministry
Department
Scheme/Policies
Implementat
ion/Approva
lYear
9.
Ministryof
Textiles
Comprehensivehandicraft
ClusterDevelopment
Scheme
2008
10
Ministryof
Textiles
SchemeforIntegrated
Textileparks
2005
Source:
Ministrywebsites
6.4.5. Provisions for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises

(MSME)
MSMEsectorscontributiontoIndianeconomyisconsiderablewith4percentshare
of GDP and largest employment provider after agriculture. Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises (MSMED) Act, 2006 defines Micro Enterprises, Small Enterprises, and
MediumEnterprisesfortheManufacturingSectorandservicesector.About21items
arereservedformanufacturingunderSmallScaleIndustries.TheMSMEasdefinedby
theActare:
Table6.3: Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesClassification
FortheManufacturingSector
Enterprises
Investmentinplant&machinery
MicroEnterprises
DoesnotexceedRs.25lakh
SmallEnterprises
MorethanRs.25lakhbutdoesnotexceedRs.5crore
MediumEnterprises
MorethanRs.5crorebutdoesnotexceedRs.10crore
FortheServiceSector
Enterprises
Investmentinplant&machinery
MicroEnterprises
DoesnotexceedRs.10lakh
SmallEnterprises
MorethanRs.10lakhbutdoesnotexceedRs.2crore
MediumEnterprises
MorethanRs.2crorebutdoesnotexceedRs.5crore
Source:Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesDevelopment(MSMED)Act,2006.
The details of the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMED) Act, 2006 are
appendicesinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
6.4.5.1.
InterMinisterialCommitteeforAcceleratingManufacturinginMicro,Small
&MediumEnterprisesSector,2013
MinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MoMSME)hadconstitutedInter
Ministerial Committee for Accelerating Manufacturing in Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises Sector in year 2013 to suggest short and medium term measures for
accelerating manufacturing in the MSME sector. Following are few of the
recommendationsmadebythecommittee:
65
Land:Stategovernmentsmayurgentlystreamlineandsimplifyinternalprocesses
and allot over 30,000 vacant plots lying vacant in established industrial estates
acrossthecountry.
Midsized Industrial Estates: State governments should urgently identify mid
sized land parcels close to urban areas, which may be developed with public
funding,forallotmenttoMSMEs.
Harmonising Urban Plans with Economic Activity: Ministries of Urban
Development, Urban Poverty Alleviation and MSME, backed by sufficient
resources may incentivize State governments and local bodies to designate
adequate areas for manufacturing and industrial activity in the urban centres or
emergingurbanareas.
6.4.5.2.
PrimeMinistersTaskForceonMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises,2010
The said task force was constituted to consider various issues raised by the
AssociationofMSMEs.Afterstakeholdersconsultationtoovercometheissuesraised
byMSMEsectorfollowingrecommendationsweremadebytheTaskForce:
For new industrial parks/areas being developed under various programmes of
different Ministries, where there is no specific provision for locating Micro and
SmallEnterprises(MSEs),itmaybemademandatorytoearmarkatleast4045%
(preferably 60%) of available land for MSEs. It was advised that all
Ministries/Departmentsshalltakeactionregardingitwithin3months.
Local bodies may be encouraged to set aside substantial part of the collections
derivedfromindustrialestates,toupgradeinfrastructuresuchasroads,drainage,
sewage, power distribution, water supply distribution, etc. for the existing
industrial estates. Alternatively, industrial estates could be notified as separate
local bodies as envisaged in the Constitution and entrusted with municipal
functions that shall include levy of taxes, responsibility to maintain the
infrastructurewithintheIndustrialEstate,etc.
Flatted Factory Complexes may be set up, particularly in and around large cities
for MSEs on PPP mode. On similar lines, dormitories for industrial workers in
industrialestatesmaybesetup.
Encouragesettingup/earmarkingofatleastoneindustrialestateineachblockfor
MSEs.Whereverpossible,privatesectorparticipationmaybeencouraged.
6.4.5.3.
Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE

CDP)
TheMinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME),GovernmentofIndia
(GoI) has adopted the Cluster Development Approach as a key strategy for
enhancingtheproductivityandcompetitivenessaswellascapacitybuildingofMicro
andSmallEnterprises(MSEs)andtheircollectivesinthecountry.
66
Theessentialcharacteristicsofenterprisesinaclusterare:
a. Similarity or complimentarily in the methods of production, quality control
andtesting,energyconsumption,pollutioncontrol,etc.
b. Similarleveloftechnologyandmarketingstrategies/practices
c. Channelsforcommunicationamongthemembersofthecluster
d. Commonchallengesandopportunities.
67
68
OtherNationalLevelLegalRequirements
7.1. NationalHeritageConservation
The sections of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,
2010, which have relevance to the preparation of Regional, or Urban Development
Plans and their implementation have been provided in the URDPFI Guidelines for
reference.
7.1.1. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and

Remains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 was
amendedin2010.ThisActprovidesprohibitedandrestrictedareasaroundprotected
monumentsasabufferinwhichconstructionactivitiesareprohibitedandrestricted.
AccordingtotheActprohibitedandrestrictedareasaredefinedasfollow:
As per the section 20 A of the Act, ProhibitedAreas: Every area, beginning at the
limit of the protected area or the protected monument, as the case may be, and
extendingtoadistanceofonehundredmetersinalldirectionsshallbetheprohibited
area. Government of India can specify an area even more than hundred meters.
Constructionactivitiesinsuchareasareprohibited.
Section 20 B defines Regulated Area: Every area, beginning at the limit of the
prohibited area in respect of ever ancient monument and archaeological site and
remains,declaredasofnationalimportance,extendingtoadistanceoftwohundred
metersinalldirectionsshallbetheregulatedareainrespectofsuchprotectedareaor
protectedmonument.GovernmentofIndiacanspecifyanareaevenmorethantwo
hundredmeters.Constructionactivitiesinsuchareasareregulated.
The said Act in section 20 F provides for the constitution of National Monuments
Authority,byCentralGovernmentthroughnotificationintheOfficialGazette.Someof
thefunctionsgrantedtotheAuthorityare:
TomakerecommendationstotheCentralGovernmentforgradingandclassifying
protectedmonumentsandprotectedareas,
To consider the impact of largescale developmental projects, including public
projects and projects essential to the public which may be proposed in the
regulatedarea.
The details of The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010areappendedinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
69
7.2. NationalEnvironmentalLegalRequirements
The key National level environmental legal requirements, which have relevance to
planningandimplementation,arebrieflyexplainedinthissection.Theseare:
EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006,
EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986,
ForestConservationAct,1980,
CoastalRegulationZone,2011
EcoSensitiveZone
7.2.1.
EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006
Considering recent developments, and to ensure that the economic growth and
development in our country is in conformity with regulations for environmental
conservation,theMinistryofEnvironment&ForestshasnotifiedtheEnvironmental
Impact Assessment Notification, 2006. The environmental clearance (EC) process
under implementation prior to 2006 highlighted the need to introduce specific
processes /categories/ activities and also the need for new sectors such as coal
washerytobebroughtintheambitoftheECprocessduetotheirextentofimpacton
environment.TheEIANotification2006hasnotified39developmentalsectorswhich
requirepriorEC.
TheMoEFhaspreparedEIAguidelinesoneachsectorasidentifiedbyEIAnotification
2006, which elaborates the procedure and mandatory requirements of EIA with
respecttothesector.ForexampleManualonnormsandstandardsforenvironment
clearance of large construction projects has been prepared by MoEF to assist
developersandprojectproponentsmeasureandquantifyenvironmentalimpactsof
proposedconstruction,andderivemitigationoptionstominimiseimpacts.
EIAisanexercisetobecarriedoutbeforeanyprojectormajoractivityisundertaken
toensurethatitwillnotinanywayharmtheenvironmentonashorttermorlong
termbasis.Anydevelopmentalendeavourrequiresnotonlytheanalysisoftheneed
of such a project, the monetary costs and benefits involved but most important, it
requires a consideration and detailed assessment of the effect of a proposed
developmentontheenvironment.EIAshouldprovideinformationtodecisionmakers
atearlystageoftheprojectplanningcycle.Itshouldbeinitiatedasearlyaspossible
before the commencement of projects. If the projects secure approval, EIA should
include a provision to cover the audit of the project. Following is the general list of
projectsthatrequireEnvironmentalclearancefromthecentralgovernment:
NuclearPowerandrelatedprojectssuchasheavywaterplants,nuclearfuel
complex,rareearths.
70
RiverValleyprojectsincludinghydelpower,majorirrigation&theircombination
includingfloodcontrol.
Ports,Harbours,Airports(exceptminorportsandharbours).
PetroleumRefineriesincludingcrudeandproductpipelines.
ChemicalFertilizers.
Pesticides.
Petrochemicalcomplexes.
Bulkdrugsandpharmaceuticals.
Explorationforoilandgasandtheirproduction,transportationandstorage.
SyntheticRubber.
AsbestosandAsbestosproducts.
Hydrocyanicacidanditsderivatives.
(a)Primarymetallurgicalindustries,(b)Electricarcfurnaces(MiniSteelPlants).
Chloralkaliindustry.
Integratedpaintcomplexincludingmanufactureofresinsandbasicrawmaterials
requiredinthemanufactureofpaints.
Viscosestaplefibreandfilamentyarn.
Storagebatteriesintegratedwithmanufactureofoxidesofleadandleadantimony
alloys.
All tourism projects between 200m500 metres of High Water Line and at
locations with an elevation of more than 1000 metres with investment of more
thanRs.5crore.
ThermalPowerPlants.
Miningprojectswithleasesmorethan5hectares.
HighwayProjects.
TarredRoadsintheHimalayasandorForestareas.
Distilleries.
RawSkinsandHides.
Pulp,paperandnewsprint.
Dyes.
Cement.
Foundries(individual)
Electroplating
Metaaminophenol
7.2.2.
EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986
TheEnvironmentProtectionAct,1986(EPA)hasnotifiedvariousrulesunderEPAfor
protectingtheenvironmentwhicharementionedbelow:
TheManufacture,Use,Import,ExportandStorageofHazardousMicroOrganism
GeneticallyEngineeredOrganismorCellsRules,1989
TheHazardousWastes(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1989
TheManufacture,StorageandImportofHazardousChemicalsRule,1989
71
SchemeofLabelingofEnvironmentFriendlyProducts(ECOMARK)
RestrictingcertainactivitiesinspecialSpecifiedareaofAravalliRange
TheChemicalAccidents(EmergencyPlanning,PreparednessandResponse)Rules,
1996
TheBioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1998,
TheRecycledPlasticsManufactureandUsageRules,1999
TheMunicipalSolidWastes(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2000
TheNoisePollution(RegulationandControl)Rules,2000
TheOzoneDepletingSubstances(Regulation)Rules,2000
TheBatteries(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2001
AlongwiththeaboverulesasidentifiedinEPA1986,TheAir(PreventionandControl
of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the NoisePollution (Regulation and Control) 2000 shall
alsobereferredtoformulatenormsandstandardswhilepreparingdevelopmentplan
foracity.Thevariousstatuaryobligationsfordifferentclearancesarementionedin
tablebelow:
Table7.1: StatutoryObligationsofEnvironmentClearances
TypeofClearances
Statutoryobligations
EnvironmentClearances
AsperEIAnotification,2006
ForestClearances
AsperForestConservationAct,1980
GEACClearances
Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of

Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or
Cells1989,underEPA1986
GEACClearances
Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of

Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or
Cells1989,underEPA1986
TheActmaybereferredfromthewebURLprovidedinAppendixO,VolumeIIB.
7.2.3.
ForestConservationAct,1980
Withtherisingrateofdeforestationandtheresultingenvironmentaldegradation,the
CentralGovernmentenactedtheforest(conservation)Actin1980.TheActprohibits
the deletion of a reserved forest or the diversion of forestland for any nonforest
purpose,andpreventsthecuttingoftreesinaforestwithoutthepriorapprovalofthe
Centralgovernment.Thesalientfeaturesoftheactaregivenbelow:
ThisActhasfiveSectionswhichdealwithconservationofforests.
TheActwasenactedwiththetwinobjectivesunderSection2ofrestrictingtheuse
offorestlandfornonforestpurposes,andpreventingthedereservationofforests
thathavebeenreservedundertheIndianForestAct,1927.However,in1988the
ActwasfurtheramendedtoincludetwonewprovisionsunderSection2,whereit
sought to restrict leasing of forest land to private individuals, authority,
corporations not owned by the Government, and to prevent clear felling of
naturallygrowntrees.
72
TheActempowerstheCentralGovernmenttoconstituteacommitteetoadvisethe
GovernmentwithagrantofapprovalunderSection2,asalsoonanyothermatter
connected with the conservation of forest and referred to it by the Central
Government.
TheActprovidesforthepunishmentofimprisonment,extendabletofifteendays
forthecontraventionoftheprovisionsoftheAct.
TheActprovidesforpunishmentofoffendersfromtheGovernmentDepartments,
includingHeadoftheDepartmentsandauthorities.
TheActcanbereferredfromthewebURLprovidedinAppendixO,VolumeIIB.
7.2.4.
CoastalRegulationZone,2011
CentralGovernmentdeclaredthefollowingareasasCRZandimposedrestrictionson
thesettingupandexpansionofindustries,operationsorprocessesandthelikeinthe
CRZthroughtheCoastalRegulationZoneNotification,2011:
ThelandareafromHighTideLine(HTLmeansthelineonthelanduptowhichthe
highestwaterlinereachesduringthespringtide)to500metersonthelandward
sidealongtheseafront.
CRZshallapplytothelandareabetweenHTLto100metersorwidthofthecreek
whicheverislessonthelandwardsidealongthetidalinfluencedwaterbodiesthat
are connected to the sea and the distance upto which development along such
tidalinfluencedwaterbodiesistoberegulatedshallbegovernedbythedistance
uptowhichthetidaleffectsareexperiencedwhichshallbedeterminedbasedon
salinity concentration of 5 Parts Per Thousand (ppt) measured during the driest
period of the year and distanceupto which tidal effects are experienced shall be
clearly identified and demarcated accordingly in the Coastal Zone Management
Plans(CZMPs).
The land area falling between the hazard line and 500 meters from HTL on the
landwardside,incaseofseafrontandbetweenthehazardlineand100metersline
in case of tidal influenced water body the word hazard line denotes the line
demarcatedbyMinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF)throughtheSurveyof
India(SoI)takingintoaccounttides,waves,sealevelriseandshorelinechanges.
LandareabetweenHTLandLowTideLine(LTL)istermedastheintertidalzone.
ThewaterandthebedareabetweentheLTLtotheterritorialwaterlimit(12Nm)
incaseofsea.ThewaterandthebedareabetweenLTLatthebanktotheLTLon
theoppositesideofthebank,oftidalinfluencedwaterbodies.
ThefollowingactivitieshavebeendeclaredprohibitedundertheCRZnotifications:
i.
ii.
Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industries with some

exception,
Manufacture or handling oil storage or disposal of hazardous substance, with
someexception,
73
iii.
Settingupandexpansionoffishprocessingunitsincludingwarehousingexcept
hatcheryandnaturalfishdryinginpermittedareas
iv. Land reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawater with
someexception,
v.
Setting up and expansion of units or mechanism for disposal of wastes and
effluentswithsomeexception,
vi. Dischargeofuntreatedwasteandeffluentsfromindustries,citiesortownsand
other human settlements. The concerned authorities shall implement schemes
forphasingoutexistingdischargeofthisnature,ifany,withinatimeperiodnot
exceedingtwoyearsfromthedateofissueofthisnotification.
vii. Dumping of city or town wastes including construction debris, industrial solid
waste,flyschemesforphasingoutanyexistingpractice,ifany,shallbephased
outwithinaperiodofoneyearfromdateofcommencementofthisnotification.
viii. Port and harbour projects in high eroding stretches of the coast, except those
projects classified as strategic and defence related in terms of EIA notification,
2006identifiedbyMoEFbasedonscientificstudiesandinconsultationwiththe
StateGovernmentortheUnionterritoryAdministration.
ix. Reclamationforcommercialpurposessuchasshoppingandhousingcomplexes,
hotelsandentertainmentactivities.
x.
Miningofsand,rocksandothersubstratamaterials.
xi. Drawlofgroundwaterandconstructionrelatedthereto,within200mtsofHTL;
withsomeexception.
(Source:CoastalRegulationZoneNotification;6thJanuary,2011)
7.2.5.
EcoSensitiveZones
Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 gave provision for the creation of National Parks,
Sanctuaries and Closed Area. Further, for the purpose of buffers around these
protectedareasasshockabsorber,EcosensitiveZonesweredeclared.Ecosensitive
Zones would also act as transition zone from areas of high protection to areas
involvinglesserprotection.Theactivitiesintheecosensitivezonesareregulatoryin
natureratherthanprohibitivenature.
Bythetimethisguidelinewasdeclared,manyoftheprotected areashadundergone
tremendousdevelopmentinclosevicinitytotheirboundaries.Therefore,definingthe
extentofEcosensitivezonearoundprotectedareaswaskeptflexibleandprotected
areaspecific.
The width of Ecosensitive Zone and type of regulations differ from one protected
areatoanother.However,asageneralprinciplethewidthoftheEcosensitiveZone
could go up to 10 kms around a Protected Area as provided in the Wildlife
Conservation Strategy, 2002. In case where sensitive corridors, connectivity and
ecologicallyimportantpatches,crucialforlandscapelinkage,areevenbeyond10Kms
74
width; these should be included in the Ecosensitive Zone. Further, in context of a

particular protected area, the distribution of an area of Ecosensitive Zone and the
extentofregulationmaynotbeuniformallaroundanditcouldbeofvariablewidth
andextent.
Table7.2: ActivitiesProhibited,RegulatedorPermittedinEcosensitiveZone
S.No.Activity
Prohibited Regulated Permitted
CommercialMining
Regulationwillnotprohibitthe
diggingofearthforconstruction
orrepairofhousesandfor
manufactureofcountrytilesor
bricksforhousingforpersonal
consumption
Fellingoftress
Withpermissionfromappropriate
authority
Settingofsawmills
Settingofindustries
causingpollution
(Water,Air,Soil,Noise,
etc.
Establishmentofhotels
andresorts
Asperapprovedmasterplan,
whichtakescareofhabitats
allowingnorestrictionon
movementofwildanimals
CommercialUseoffire
wood
Forhotelsandotherbusiness
relatedestablishment
Drasticchangeof
agriculturesystems
Commercialuseof
naturalwaterresources
includinggroundwater
harvesting
Asperapprovedmasterplan,
whichtakescareofhabitats
allowingnorestrictionon
movementofwildanimals
Establishmentofmajor
hydroelectricprojects
Promoteundergroundcabling
10 Erectionofelectrical
cables
11 Ongoingagricultureand
horticulturepracticesby
localcommunities
However,excessiveexpansionof
someoftheseactivitiesshouldbe
regulatedasperthemasterplan
12 Rainwaterharvesting
Shouldbeactivelypromoted
13 Fencingofpremisesof
hotelsandlodges
14 Organicfarming
15 Useofpolythenebagsby
shopkeepers
16 Useofrenewableenergy
sources
17 Wideningofroads
Thisshouldbedonewithproper
EIAandmitigationmeasures
18 Movementofvehicular
Forcommercialpurpose
Remarks
75
S.No.Activity
trafficatnight
Prohibited Regulated Permitted
Remarks
19 Introductionofexotic
species
20 Useorproductionofany
hazardoussubstances
21 Undertakingactivities
relatedtotourismlike
overflyingthenational
parkareabyany
aircraft,hotairballoons
22 Protectionofhillslopes
andriverbanks
Asperthemasterplan
23 Dischargeofeffluents
andsolidwastein
naturalwaterbodiesor
terrestrialarea
24 Airandvehicular
pollution
25 Signboardsand
hoardings
Asperthemasterplan
26 Adoptionofgreen
technologyforall
activities
Source:GuidelinesfortheDeclarationofEcosensitiveZonesaroundNationalParksandWildlifeSanctuaries;dated9th
February,2011
7.3. CantonmentAct,2006
Following provisions of The Cantonment Act, 2006 have been identified by URDPFI
guidelinesthathaverelevancetothepreparationofRegionalorUrbanDevelopment
Plansandtheirimplementation.ThedetailedActcanbereferredfromAppendixOof
VolumeIIB.
1. TheCentralGovernmentcandeclareanyplaceorplacesalongwithboundariesin
whichtheForcesisquarteredorwhichisrequiredfortheserviceofsuchforces,
to be a cantonment and can also declare that any such area shall cease to be a
cantonment,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette.
2. TheCentralGovernmentcandefinethelimitsofanycantonmentfortheaforesaid
purposes,byalikenotification.
3. TheCentralGovernmentcan,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,directthatin
anyplacedeclaredacantonmentunderthisAct,theprovisionsofanyenactment
relatingtolocalselfgovernmentotherthanthisActshallhaveeffectonlytosuch
extent,asmaybespecifiedinthenotification.
Forthealterationoflimitsofcantonments,TheContentmentAct,2006,prescribes:
4. TheCentralGovernmentcandeclaretoincludeortoexcludethecantonmentany
localarea,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette.
76
5. Anyinhabitantofacantonmentorlocalareainrespectofwhichnotificationhas
been published under subsection (1) may, within eight weeks from the date of
notification, submit in writing to the Central Government through the General
OfficerCommandinginChief,theCommand,anobjectiontothenotification,and
theCentralGovernmentshalltakesuchobjectionintoconsideration.
6. The Central Government considers the objections which have been submitted,
aftertheexpiryofeightweeksfromthedateofthenotification,bynotificationin
the Official Gazette, include or exclude the local area in respect of which the
notificationwaspublishedoranypartthereof,inthecantonment.
77
URBANANDREGI
FORMULATI
ONANDI
MPLEMENTATI
ON
(
URDPFI
)GUI
DELI
NES
Vol
umeI
IB
Appendi
cest
oURDPFIGui
del
i
nes,2014
TableofContents
1
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
AppendixAMakingoftheGuidelines
BackgroundandObjective
1
TermsofReference(ToR)
1
ScopeofWork(SOW)
2
Deliverables
3
ApproachandMethodologyfortheRevisionStudy
3
1.5.1. Approach
3
1.5.2. Methodology
4
OrganisationoftheResearchStudy
10
1.6.1. ProjectTeam
10
1.6.2. TechnicalCoreGroupTeam
10
ContactList
11
Glossary
21
1.8.1. Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthe
volumes)
21
1.8.2. References(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationoftheRevised
Guidelines)
31
AppendixBBasicPlanningDefinition
51
AppendixCPPPModelsinexistingscenario
61
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
Introduction
Existingscenario
PublicPrivatePartnership:AlternateDefinitions
PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)inIndia
61
61
61
62
AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedInstitutes
67
AppendixEBiodiversityIndexIndicator
69
AppendixFTransportSurveyFormat
73
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
6.11.
6.12.
6.13.
6.14.
6.15.
ReviewofExistingStudies,ReportsandPlans
OngoingandPlannedProjects
OutlineofRoadNetwork
InventoryofArterialRoadNetwork
InventoryofFlyoversandUnderpasses
InventoryofMajorIntersections
InventoryofParkingFacilities
InventoryofTrafficControlFacilities
InventoryofPedestrianFacilities
InventoryofNMVFacilities
InventoryofLevelCrossings
AvailabilityofPublicTransportTypes/ParaTransitModes
InventoryofBusOperation,Maintenance,andEconomicandProductivityIndicators
InventoryofParaTransit
InventoryofMajorIntermodalInterchanges
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
87
88
6.16.
6.17.
6.18.
6.19.
6.20.
6.21.
6.22.
6.23.
6.24.
6.25.
6.26.
6.27.
6.28.
6.29.
6.30.
6.31.
SummaryofTrafficAccidents
SummaryofEnforcement
InventoryofAgencies/OrganizationsRelatingtoUrbanTransport
AssessmentofPlanning,ImplementationandCoordinationCapacity
InventoryEnvironmentalMonitoringData
TypicalUrbanTransportIssues
PopulationandSocioeconomicSituation
VehicleOwnershipData
TrafficCountSurveys(ScreenLineSurveyandCordonSurvey)
TrafficCountSurvey(IntersectionTurningMovementSurvey)
QueueLengthSurvey
TravelSpeedandTimeSurvey
HouseholdODSurvey
HouseholdODSurvey
RoadsideODSurvey
PublicTransportandFreightVehicleMovementSurvey
89
90
91
92
93
94
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
AppendixGStandardLayoutofMap
107
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
Introduction
MapEnlargementandReduction
MapNotation
107
108
108
AppendixHCadastralMapOverlay
111
8.1.
8.2.
Introduction
111
ProcessofbasemapformulationbyoverlayingSatelliteimagesovercadastralmaps 111
8.2.1. Acquisitionofgroundcontrolpoints:
111
8.2.2. Transformationmodelassessment:
111
8.2.3. Georeferencingofcadastralmaps:
111
8.2.4. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inisolation:
112
8.2.5. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,withneighbourhoodreference:
112
8.2.6. MosaicgenerationatRevenue,talukaanddistrictlevel:
112
AppendixIRoadCrossSections
113
10
AppendixJTravelDemandModellingProcess
115
10.1.
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
10.5.
TripGeneration
TripDistribution
ModalSplit
TrafficAssignment
ModelForecasts
115
115
116
119
120
11
AppendixKRoadSafetyChecklist
121
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
11.4.
11.5.
11.6.
Introduction
CHECKLIST1Audit:Stage1(DuringFeasibilityStudy)
CHECKLIST2Audit:Stage2(CompletionofPreliminaryDesign)
CHECKLIST3Audit:Stage3(CompletionofDetailedDesign)
CHECKLIST4Audit:Stage4(DuringConstructionStage)
CHECKLIST5Audit:Stage5(CompletionofConstruction/PreOpening)
121
121
122
125
128
129
11.7.
11.8.
11.9.
11.10.
11.11.
11.12.
11.13.
11.14.
11.15.
11.16.
11.17.
11.18.
11.19.
CHECKLIST6Audit:Stage6(OnExistingRoadsorDuringOperation&Management)129
CHECKLIST7Planning
130
CHECKLIST8Alignment
130
CHECKLIST9CrossSection
131
CHECKLIST10Junctions
131
CHECKLIST11RoadSigns
133
CHECKLIST12RoadMarkings
133
CHECKLIST13Lighting
134
CHECKLIST14RoadsideHazards
134
CHECKLIST15RoadsideFacilities
135
CHECKLIST16VulnerableRoadUsers
135
CHECKLIST17DevelopmentProposals
136
CHECKLIST18MaintenanceWork
137
12
AppendixLWasteWaterRecyclingTechniques
139
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
12.6.
12.7.
12.8.
12.9.
12.10.
12.11.
WasteStabilisationPondSystems(WSPS)
DuckweedPondSystem(DPS)
FacultativeAerateLagoon(FAL)
TricklingFilter(TF)
ActivatedSludgeProcess(ASP)
BiologicalFiltrationandOxygenatedreactor(BIOFOR)Technology
HighrateActivatedSludgeBioforFTechnology
FluidizedAeratedBed(FAB)
SubmergedAerationFixedFilm(SAFF)Technology
CyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP)
UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketProcess(UASB)
139
139
140
141
141
141
142
142
143
143
144
13
AppendixMSolidWasteManagement:BestPractises
145
13.1.
13.2.
13.3.
13.4.
Introduction
Case:VelloreMunicipality,2000
Case:PimpriChinchwadMunicipalCorporation(PCMC)
Case:AmritsarMunicipalCorporation
145
145
146
147
14
AppendixNHierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment
149
15
AppendixOAllotherplanningrelatedacts
153
ListofFigures
Figure1.1:MethodologyofpreparationofURDPFIGuidelines,2014_____________________________________4
Figure7.1: RepresentationofStandardlayoutofthemap_____________________________________________108
Figure7.2: SurveyofIndiaToposheet___________________________________________________________________109
Figure7.3: InternationalStudyinputs __________________________________________________________________109
Figure7.4: SurveyofIndiaToposheet___________________________________________________________________109
Figure9.1: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad____________________________________________________________113
Figure9.2: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad____________________________________________________________113
Figure9.3: CrosssectionofAccessroad ________________________________________________________________114
Figure15.1PlanningrelatedActsandreferenceURLs__________________________________________________153
ListofTables
Table1.1:Deliverablesoftheproject_____________________________________________________________________3
Table1.2: MajorStakeholderConsultationsandKeyInputs(inadditiontoMoUD)__________________5
Table1.3: Contactlistforconsultationanddatacollection____________________________________________11
Table1.4: Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthe
volumes)_______________________________________________________________________________________21
Table1.5: ReferencesfortheGuidelines(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationof
theguideline)__________________________________________________________________________________31
Table2.1: ChapterwiseBasicPlanningDefinitions_____________________________________________________51
Table3.1: AlandurSewerageProjectDetails____________________________________________________________63
Table3.2: TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMSWMProjectdetails_________________________________________64
Table3.3: HyderabadMetroDetails_____________________________________________________________________64
Table3.4: VadodaraHalolTollRoadDetails____________________________________________________________65
Table4.1: ListofInstitutesofferingvariouscoursesinTownPlanningandrecognisedbyITPI___67
Table5.1: BiodiversityIndexIndicators ________________________________________________________________69
Table10.1:FactorsAffectingModeChoice_______________________________________________________________118
Table11.1: RoadSafetyChecklists______________________________________________________________________121
Table13.1: PriorConditionsandAchievementsoftheProject_______________________________________146
Table14.1: HierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment _________________________________________149
1
1.1.
BackgroundandObjective
The first National level planning guidelines The Urban Development Plans Formulations and
Implementation Guidelines (UDPFI) were framed in 1996. Since then, many changes have taken
place in the field of urban development especially in view of emerging needs and requirements of
urban settlements due to rapid population growth and other reasons like globalization and
liberalization. The towns and cities have been more dynamic in nature and are subject to
unprecedented changes in terms of requirements of infrastructure and other basic services/
amenities. Besides, new emerging aspects like inclusive planning, sustainable habitat, land use and
transport integration at planning stage, preparation of Comprehensive Mobility Plans (CMP) for
urban transport, Service Level Benchmarks, disaster management, environmentally sustainable
transport and urban reforms have given a new dimension to the planning process. Therefore, it
necessitatedtorevisittheUDPFIGuidelines,1996.
The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), through the standard tendering procedures, awarded
thetasktorevisetheguidelinestoMottMacDonald(referredtoasConsultant)inAugust2013.The
timeframewas9months.TheobjectivewastoreviseTheUrbanDevelopmentPlansFormulation&
Implementation(UDPFI)Guidelines,1996andformulate
The Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implementation (URDPFI)
Guidelines,2014
1.2.
TermsofReference(ToR)
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentproposedtoformulatetheURDPFIGuidelines,2014toaccommodate
thefutureneedsoftheevergrowingpopulationcoupledwithurbanizationwiththefollowingTerms
ofReference(ToR):
ReviewtheUDPFIGuidelines,1996,reviseandpreparetheURDPFIguidelines;
Undertakestakeholderconsultationwithallrelevantstakeholders;
Consult key Ministries and the Planning Commission, NCRPB, MMRDA and other relevant State
andCentralMinistries,BodiesorAuthorities;
StudyrelevantCentralandStateLaws,rulesandregulations;
AddresstothedataavailablewithBHUVAN,ISRO,NESAC,NUISCensus2001and2011,Surveyof
IndiaandGISdatabaseofNIC;
Integrationofdifferenttypesofplans;
Identifythegapswherenewsetofnormsandstandardsforplanformulationarerequired;
Suggest a clearcut framework for plan formulation in view of the emerging scenario of the
countrysurbanizationandoverallvision;
Suggestthenewsetofnormsandstandards,zoningregulationsincludingintegrateddevelopment
ofperiurbanareaswhichareeasilycomprehensibleanduserfriendly;
Suggestframeworkandstandards,fortransitorienteddevelopment,affordablehousingprojects
andslumredevelopmentandincorporateprinciplesofinclusivedevelopment;
Suggestsetofnormsandstandardsforlanduseandtransportintegrationatplanningstageitself,
integrationofCMPwiththemasterplanoftheplanningarea;
Suggestplanning,regulatoryandenforcementmechanismsforeffectivelydealingwithchallenges
ofurbanization;
Suggest set of norms and standards for earthquake prone areas, environmentally fragile zones
suchasCRZareasandhazardproneareasetc.;
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIB.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
Suggestmechanismforimprovingeconomicopportunitiesofcities;
IncludeframeworkforCrisis/DisasterManagementPlansaspartofDevelopmentPlan;
Suggestmechanismandavenuesforparticipatoryplanning;and
Suggest various resource mobilization options and institutional supporting systems for urban
development.
Assess the Legal Implications and framework for plan preparation, monitoring and impact
assessmentoftheMasterPlans.
EvolveparticipatoryplanapproachincludingplanningatULBs,planningforperiurbanareasand
provideforintegrationbetweendifferentlevelsofplan.
1.3.
ScopeofWork(SOW)
WhileformulatingtheURDPFIGuidelines,2014thefollowingissueswastobefocusseduponaswas
indicatedbytheMoUD:
1. TheservicelevelbenchmarksdevelopedbytheMoUD.
2. A broad based consultation process by developing a discussion portal and disseminating the
Guidelinesinregionallanguage.
3. IntegrationbetweendifferentlevelsofplansincludingintegrationofCityDevelopmentPlanand
ComprehensiveMobilityPlan(CMP)withstatutoryMasterPlan.
4. Integrated land use transport planning with priority to public transport and nonmotorised
transport.
5. Aseparatevolumeonlegalaspects.
6. Needforassessingtheimpactoftheplanongrowth,employmentetc.inaquantifiablemannerto
makeitmoreacceptabletovariousstakeholders.
7. Aseparatechaptershouldbeincludedonredevelopmentofinnercityareasaswellthecityasa
whole,withdensificationalongmasstransitcorridors.
8. A separate Chapter on Urban Transport Impact Assessment for different land use scenarios in
termsofoveralltraveldemand,averagetriplengthMaximumtimeoftravelbypublictransport
(for80%ofthetrips)inpeaktime.
9. Guidelinesforregionalplanningincludingforinterstateregionthatwouldrequirecrosscutting
interventionsfromzonaladministration.
10. Norms and standards for earthquake prone areas, environmentally fragile zones such as CRZ
areasandhazardproneareasetc.
11. FrameworktomakeCrisis/DisasterManagementPlansapartofDevelopmentPlan.
12. UseofGIStechnologiesforplanformulationincludingintegrationwithBhuvanandGoogleMap
etc.
13. Dovetailingtheguidelineswithvariousstatutoryprovisionsasalsotherecommendationsof2nd
AdministrativeReformsCommissionandtheWorkingGrouponUrbanPlanning.
14. Measurestotackletheproblemsarisingoutofthetransitionofruralareasintoperiurbanand
urbanareas.
15. Includeguidelinesforspecialpurposecities,industrialtowns,smartcities,portcities,sportcities,
heritage cities, medicities, IT corridors, corridor (main and subsidiary), SEZ, Hi tech cities,
greenfieldtowns,hilltownsetc.
16. Focusonlandsuitabilityandurbanrenewalnorms.
17. One National Workshop and three Regional Workshops to be organized with at least one
workshop inthe eastern region with State T&CP Department, Urban Development Department,
TransportDepartment,TrafficPolice,DevelopmentAuthorities,UMTAsandLocalBodies.
18. Links with the National Building Code and parameter under National Mission for Sustainable
Habitat.
19. Includeplansforwater,sanitationanddrainage.
20. Principlesfordeterminationofthecosts(capital&recurring)toimplementthedifferentaspects
oftheplanalongwithspecificmeasurestomeetsuchcosts.
21. Uniform/standardisationofcolourcode
22. Frameworkforimplementationoftheplan,includinggovernanceofthesame.
23. Ultimately,theURDPFIguidelinesshouldculminateinaresponsiveplanningsystem.
1.4.
Deliverables
Theprojectwasdeliveredinsixstagesastabulatedbelow:
Table1.1:Deliverablesoftheproject
Stages
Description
Deliverables
StageIInception Finalizationofroadmapforcompletionofthe
project
InceptionReport
StageIIReview
ReviewofUDPFIGuidelines,1996andGap
Identification
ReportonreviewsofexistingUDPFI
guidelines,1996
StageIII
Consultation
RegionalWorkshops
Recommendationsofregionalworkshops
atmajorcities
StageIVDraft
Framingofnewguidelines,includingthelegal
document
RevisedUDPFIGuidelinesDraftStage
StageVNational
workshop
NationalWorkshoptodeliberateonthefirstDraft
Report
Reportofrecommendationsinthe
Workshop
StageVIFinal
Incorporationofthefinalrecommendations
FinalReportUDPFIGuidelines,2013
Source:Termsofreferenceoftheproject
1.5.
ApproachandMethodologyfortheRevisionStudy
1.5.1. Approach
With the vision to encompass and provide for the holistic urban and regional development for the
entire land cover of India, the approach followed in the formulation of URDPFI Guidelines, 2014
comprised of a participatory consultation of the various stakeholders through the following
pathways,viz:
1) FormulationofTechnicalCoreGroup(TCG):TCGwasformedbyMoUDforthisrevision.
TheconsultantheldperiodicinteractionswiththeTCGmembersformallyandinformallyfor
gettinginputs.TheroleofTCGmembersincluded:
Coordinationwiththeconsultantontechnicalaspects
Technicalinputs&areaspecificrecommendations
Reviewtheconsultant'sworkatvariousstages
Guide&supportdatacollection,stakeholderconsultationandworkshops
2) GoogleDiscussionGroup:AnonlinegroupwasfacilitatedbyTCPOwhichallowedinterface
ofvariousplannersandpractitionersforthefollowing:
Technicalinputs&areaspecificrecommendations
Sharingofinformation
Technicalfeedback&interaction
3) MonthlyReviewMeetingswithMoUD:Monthly review meetings were held by MoUD for

the consultant to appraise the progress of the project and highlight the key issues for
inclusionintheguidelines.
4) KeyConsultations: The foremost criteria adopted in provisions of the URDPFI guidelines,

2014 were to make them in concomitance with the provisions of the Policies/ Guidelines/
Acts/BillsofvariousotherMinistriesandDepartments.
5) Regional workshops and National Consultative meeting: A total of five Regional

workshopswereconductedtoinvitecommentsfromallthe35StatesandUnionTerritories
of India. Regional workshops were organised wherein the planning aspects varying across
Stateswerediscussedandapproachtoplanninginfuturewasdirected.Regionalworkshops
wereheldatPanchkula,Mysore,Goa,GuwahatiandBhubaneswar.TheNationalConsultative
meetingwasorganisedinNewDelhionthe4thofApril2014todeliberateontheaspectsof
theguidelinestoholisticallyconsultwithNationalandStatelevelstakeholders.
All the key suggestions, comments and provisions obtained from the legal documents, authentic
reference and the consultations held have been comprehensively incorporated in the URDPFI
Guidelines,2014amongstotherinclusionsuponappraisalatvariousstages.
1.5.2. Methodology
Themethodologyadoptedforformulationoftheguidelinesisdescribedinthefigurebelow:
Figure1.1:MethodologyofpreparationofURDPFIGuidelines,2014
Source: MM
1.5.2.1. StageIInception
The Inception stage comprised of brainstorming sessions for finalisation of road map of URDPFI
Guidelines and a kick off meeting with the MoUD. The major aspects covered in the inception
study/reportwere:
Finalisationofmethodologyandworkplan.
Frameworkandlocationsforregionalworkshop,
List of stakeholders to be consulted including Ministries & Departments, ULBs, Experts and
Institutesandissueofauthorisationletter,
Suggestionsondatatobereferred.
SelectionoftheStateTown&CountryPlanningActs,citiesforcasestudies
FormationoftheTechnicalCoreGroupassuggestedbytheconsultant.
DiscussionontheoverallNationalconsultationframeworkandstakeholders&setupofGoogle
DiscussionGroup.
1.5.2.2. StageIIReview&Analysis
Thesecondstageundertooksecondarydatareview&analysisoftheUDPFIguidelines,1996.During
thisstagethestakeholderconsultationswereinitiatedwhichfollowedthroughtheStagesIIIandIV.
Secondary Data Review: The secondary data of various Ministries, Departments, Institutions and
Professional Bodies uploaded on websites such as of Planning Commission; Ministry of Urban
Development; Ministry of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation; Ministry of Environment and
Forests;DepartmentofLandResources,MinistryofRuralDevelopment,etc.andvariousCityMaster/
Development Plans were identified for review and analysis. Some of the important references
includedReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning,TwelfthFiveYearPlan,Public
Private Partnership Toolkit of ADB and MoUD, JNNURM CDP Toolkit, The Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, Handbook on Service Level Benchmarking, National
Urban Sanitation Policy, NDMA Guidelines for Disaster Management, State Town and Country
Planning Acts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Bihar, Maharashtra and
Gujarat,TheKeralaTownandCountryPlanningOrdinance,2013etc.
Based on the secondary data review, analysis and consultations; the gaps in the UDPFI guidelines,
1996 were identified. As an output of analysis, the recommendations for formulation of URDPFI
guidelineswerelisted.ThegapsandupdationswerefinalisedincloseconsultationwiththeTCGand
MoUD.
Stakeholder consultations: After secondary data review, consultations were through telephonic
conversation/ email/ face to face meetings. This undertook in depth interview and assisted in
crystallisationofthevisionoftheURDPFIguidelines.Themajorconsultationscorrespondingtothe
informationobtainedwere:
Table1.2: MajorStakeholderConsultationsandKeyInputs(inadditiontoMoUD)
Sr.No.
1.
Particulars
PlanningProcess
Consultations
a)
PlanningCommission
b)
RegistrarGeneralofIndia
c)
SurveyofIndia(SoI)
d)
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation,Delhi(TCPO)
e)
AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority(AUDA)
f)
DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA)
g)
AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
h)
JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JNNURM)
Sr.No.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Particulars
Consultations
UrbanPlanning
Approach
RegionalPlanning
Sustainability&
DisasterManagement
PlanningTechniques
TransportPlanning
i)
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Delhi(SPA,Delhi)
a)
MinistryofShipping
b)
MinistryofTourismIndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
c)
DirectorateGeneralofDefenceEstates
d)
DelhiUrbanArtsCommission(DUAC)
e)
InstituteofTownPlanners(ITP)
f)
EMBARQ,India
g)
HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(HMDA)
a)
DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridorDevelopmentCorporation(DMICDC)
b)
MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority(MMRDA)
c)
NationalCapitalRegionalPlanningBoard(NCRPB)
d)
UrbanDevelopment&UrbanHousingDepartment,GovernmentofGujarat
e)
TownandCountryPlanningDepartment,Goa
f)
TownandCountryPlanningDepartment,Kerala
g)
a)
MinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF)
b)
CentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)
c)
NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
d)
NationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM)
e)
IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
a)
GeologicalSurveyofIndia(GIS)
b)
NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
c)
NationalUrbanInformationSystem(NUIS)
d)
SurveyofIndia(SoI)
e)
HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(HMDA)forGISmapping
a)
MinistryofRoadTransportandHighways(MoRTH)
b)
CentralRoadResearchInstitute(CRRI)
c)
InstituteofUrbanTransport(IUT)
d)
AirportAuthorityofIndia(AAI)
e)
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Delhi(IITDelhi)
f)
g)
CentreforEnvironmentPlanningandTechnology(CEPT)
Water,Drainage,
WasteManagement&
SocialInfrastructure
Planning
a)
MinistryofWaterandSanitation
b)
CentralGroundWaterBoard
c)
CentralPublicHealth&EnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
d)
BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
Development
PromotionRegulation
a)
b)
MinistryofSocialJusticeandEmpowerment
c)
AirportAuthorityofIndia(AAI)
a)
MinistryofRuralDevelopment
b)
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation,Delhi(TCPO)
c)
CentreforGoodGovernance
d)
ResourceMobilisation
AnexhaustivecontactlistisgiveninSection1.7,TableA.7.
1.5.2.3. StageIIIRegionalWorkshopConsultation
The preparation of the Draft URDPFI Guidelines and organisation of Regional Workshops at five
locationswereheld.Theagendaoftheregionalworkshopconsultationswere:
LearningfromStatespecificbestpracticesandplanninginnovations
Identificationofthesourcestobridgedatagaps
Sharingofguidelines/policiesandotherdata
Theagendawasattainedbyathreestepprocedurefollowedintheworkshops:
a) Circulationofquestionnaire:the questionnaire consisting sectionon information sharing
anddatasharingwascirculatedinadvancetotheidentifiedstakeholdersforreceivingtheir
comments
b) Presentation:presentationoftheidentificationofgapsinUDPFIguidelines,1996andmajor
recommendationsfortheURDPFIGuidelines,2014
c) Deliberationsonkeypoints
During the workshops most of the States responded to the questionnaire circulated and provided
databaseforreference.Alongwiththis,someStatesgavepresentationsonchosenbestpracticessuch
as Planning in Hilly Areas by Shimla, Himachal Pradesh; Regional planning process by Goa, Plan
preparation process by Kerala, Village level planning in Rajasthan etc. The Regional Workshops
provided a good platform for communication of URDPFI vision and dovetailing the expectations of
thevariousstakeholdersandalsogettinginputsonbestpractices.
StatesandUTsofAndhraPradesh,HimachalPradesh,Karnataka, Kerala,Maharashtra,Puducherry,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Goa, Sikkim, Tripura, Odisha shared comments on
UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 and suggestions for the URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 in writing. Ministries
includingMinistryofDefence,DirectorateGeneralofDefenceEstates,MinistryofShipping,Ministry
ofRailways,MinistryofRuralDevelopment,MinistryofRoad,TransportandHighways,Ministryof
WaterResourcesextendedgreathelpintheformulationoftheGuidelines.
Further suggestions were invited from the States & Institutes on Google Discussion Group. Some
academic institutions such as Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; School of Planning and
Architecture, Vijaywada, College of Engineering, Pune, Department of Architecture and Planning,
CollegeofEngineering,Trivandrumsharedtheircomments.
RecommendationsfromRegionalConsultation:At this stage an analysis of the suggestions was
madeandaconciserecommendationreportofalltheworkshopswasprepared.Thekeypointsfrom
the recommendation report were appropriately addressed in the URDPFI Guidelines upon
consultationwithMoUDandTCG.
1.5.2.4. StageIVDraftingofURDPFIGuidelines
DraftingofVolumeIGuidelinesrelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning
BasedontheinputsfromstageItoIIIandthegapsintheexistingUDPFIguidelines,theDraftURDPFI
guidelineswerepreparedcontainingthefollowingpoints.Inpreparationoftheguidelines,someof
the sections of UDPFI Guidelines were retained which were applicable in the current planning
scenario.
Reclassificationoftheurbansettlements
Recommended planning system, Planning process including the inter relationships between
variousplansandtheircontents
Resource mobilisation and options for land assembly, fiscal resource mobilisation and
institutionalsetup.
AseparatechapteronRegionalPlanningincludingperiurbanareaandlanduseclassification
Revisedurbanplanningapproachandplanningbasedoncitytypologiessuchashilly,innercity,
industrial, heritage/ religious/ tourism, port, medical and sport cities. An introduction to the
planning aspectsof compactcity covering TODand Mixed use, green city/township andSmart
city.
Inclusion of mandatory aspects of sustainability sustainable transportation viz a viz landuse
planning,disastermanagement,environmentstatutoryobligationsetc.
Techniquesforplanpreparation includingGISbasedplanningthroughuseofBhuvanandallied
portals.
Guidelines for assessment of infrastructure demand for the newer kind of integrated
developments
Dovetailingwithvariousstatutoryprovisionsincludingrecommendationsof2ndAdministrative
ReformsCommission,WorkingGrouponPlanning,73rdand74thCAA.
Achapteronrecommendationsandactionplanbasedonrationality.
DraftingofVolumeIIGuidelinesrelatedtoNationalLevellegalaspects
AseparatevolumeonLegalaspectswasformulated,especiallyfocussingon:
Implicationsof73rd&74thCAA
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and
ResettlementAct,2013
SuggestionsontherevisionofModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985
andModelMunicipalLaw,2006
Some of the State level Legal framework were compared to bring out advantages and
disadvantages
Legalrequirementsforindustrialdevelopments
OtherNationallevellegalrequirementsforheritageandenvironmentconservation
ThedraftURDPFIguidelinesincludingitschapterisationstructurewaspreparedinconsultationwith
the various stakeholders. Further draft technical sections were shared with respective agencies for
their inputs such as NRSC, NDMA, AAI, various departments of SPA, Delhi etc. who confirmed the
provisions with reference to their statutory requirements/ key suggestions. The glossary of the
referenceisgiveninAppendixA.5.
ThedraftURDFPIguidelinewaswidelycirculatedonMoUDwebsite,GoogleDiscussionGroup,weblinks
and to all Ministries, inviting comments and suggestions for inclusion/ making modifications in the
guidelines.Commentswerereceivedfrommorethan20sourcesbeforeand22sourcesaftertheNational
Workshop,whichweresorted,examinedandconsideredforinclusion.
1.5.2.5. Stage V & Stage VI: National Consultative Meeting and

formulationofFinalURDPFIGuidelines,2014
NationalConsultativewasheldon4thApril,2014inDelhitohaveholisticconsultationontheDraft
Guidelines.StakeholdersfortheworkshopwerefinalisedincloseconsultationwithMoUD.
Totalof174participantsattendedtheNationalWorkshop,includingthefollowing:
MinistriesparticipatedMinistryofWaterResources,MinistryofPanchayatiRaj,Ministryof
Shipping,MinistryofDefence
Participating States & Union Territories (about 16) Andhra Pradesh (HMDA), Assam,
Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, NCT Delhi, Orissa, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and
WestBengal.
Other agencies participated AIA, CPCB, CPHEEO, CSO, CPWD, Delhi Metro, Department of
Post and Telegraph, Geological Survey of India, IUT, INTACH, Indian Port Association,
International Boundary Directorate, National Disaster Management Authority, RGI, and

SurveyofIndia.
Participating Planning Institutes College of Engineering Trivandrum, IIT Roorkee, Mysore
InstituteofDevelopmentStudies,NITWarangalandSPADelhi.
Based on the comments and recommendation on the Draft Guidelines and outputs of consultative
meeting including monthly review meetings with MoUD, the Draft Guidelines was updated as Final
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.
1.6.
OrganisationoftheResearchStudy
1.6.1.
ProjectTeam
AsconstitutedbytheappointedConsultantaccordingtotheRFPapprovedbythe
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment.
1.6.2.
TechnicalCoreGroupTeam
AsperMoUD,OfficeMemorandum,dated2ndSeptember,2013.
JointSecretary(UD),MoUD,Chairperson
ChiefPlanner,TCPO,MemberConvenor
ConsultativeMembers
IndiaUrbanSpaceFoundation
TownPlanner,TCPO
ChiefRegionalPlanner,NCRPB
Director,NIUA
DirectorGeneral,InstituteofUrbanTransport,MoUD
Director,CentreforResearch,Documentation&Training(CRDT),
InstituteofTownPlannersIndia
Head,DepartmentofPhysicalPlanning,
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,NewDelhi
Head,DepartmentofTransportPlanning,
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,NewDelhi
10
1.7.
ContactList
Table1.3: Contactlistforconsultationanddatacollection
S.No.
1
AgencyName
Name&Designation
AhmedabadUrban
Development
Authority
Ms.NeelaMunshi,
AirportAuthorityof
India
AddressandContactnumber
Modeof
Contact
SardarVallabhbhaiPatelSankul,
Usmanpura,
AshramRoad,Ahmedabad380
014
Phone+91792754505154
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
Ms.KalpanaSethi
ExecutiveDirector(Planning)
CBlock,RajivGandhiBhawan,
SafdarjungAirport,NewDelhi
110003
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
ChiefTownPlanner
ExecutiveDirector(Engg.)1
BBlockIIIFloor,CorporateHead
Quarters
SustainableDevelopmentPlanStrategy,
UseofTDR,
UrbanWaterBodiesRedevelopment
LocalAreaPlan
ZonewithinwhichNOCisrequiredfromAAIfor
construction.
Heightrestrictions.
MinimumdistanceofairportfromGreenareas.
Phone01124654084Email
edplg@aai.aero
Mr.PawanKumarNagpal
Keypointsconsulted
SuggestionsfromAAI.
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
Restrictionsintheaerodromebufferzone,
Phone01124693697Email
edengg@aai.aero
3
Associationof
Municipalitiesand
Development
Authorities
BureauofIndian
Standards
Mr.SanjayPant,Scientist
&Director(Civil
Engineering)
BureauofIndianStandards
ManakBhavan
9BahadurShahZafarMarg
NewDelhi110002(INDIA)
Phone:01123230131Extn4402
Fax:01123235529
email:sanjaypant@bis.org.in
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
SpecialRequirementsforUrbanPlanninginHillyAreas
Mr.S.K.Suneja
CentralGroundWaterBoard,
BhujalBhawan,NHIV,Faridabad,
121001,Ph.:+911292419075,
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
Artificialrechargeunit
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
SalientfeaturesofProvisionofRainwaterWater
Harvesting,CentralGroundWaterBoardforartificial
CentralGroundWater
Board,Ministryof
WaterResources
7/6,SirifortInstitutionalArea,
MunicipalWardastheBasicUrbanPlannedDevelopment
Area,
NewDelhi110049,India
ChangingUrbanScenarioforGoodGovernance
Phone911126494486,
26497973
Mr.Sushil,Chairman
Email:chmncgwb@nic.in
Libraryresearch
AugustKrantiMarg,
NationalBuildingCodes,2005
Citytypology
AquiferMapping
11
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
rechargetechniques.
CentralPollution
ControlBoard
Mr.Sudhakar
Mr.AnandKumar
Ms.Piyali
CentralPublicHealth
&Environmental
Engineering
Organisation
Mr.V.KChaurasia,Joint
Adviser(PHEE)
PariveshBhawan,CBDcumOffice
ComplexEastArjunNagar,Delhi
110032
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
StateZoningAtlasmanual
RoomNo.660A,NirmanBhavan,
MaulanaAzadRoad,NewDelhi
110011.
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
CPHEEOmanualfor
Phone:(o)01123061144,(R)
01202417613
ManualonpreparationofZoningatlasatdistrictlevel
SewerageandSewageTreatment
RainWaterHarvesting(RWH)
Drainage
StormWater
Email:vijchaurasia@yahoo.co.in
Toilets
Dr.M.Dhindhyalan(Joint
Advisor)
NeermanBhawan,RoomNumber
658A,NewDelhi.
DeputyAdviser(PHE)
Phone:01123061571,
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
Email:mdheen@gmail.com
8
CentreforGood
Governance
Mr.KarunakarReddy.R.,
KnowledgeManager,
CGG,
CentralRoad
ResearchInstitute
Dr.ErrampalliMadhu,
PrincipalScientist,
TransportationPlanning
Division
Allocationoflandforwaterinfrastructure,STP,
ProvisionsforSepticManagement,Regionallandfill,
Treatedsewageanditsreuse
Decentralisedwastewatermanagement
Dr.MCRHRDInstituteofA.P.
Campus),
RoadNo.25,JubileeHills,
Hyderabad500033
AndhraPradesh
Telephonic
CentralRoadResearchInstitute
(C.R.R.I.),MathuraRoad
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
TravelDemandModelling
LandbasedResourceMobilisation,
InnovativePracticesofLocalResourceMobilisation
NewDelhi110025,INDIA
Tel:+911126312268(Off)+91
9958080643(Mobile)
+911126923114(Res)
Email:madhu.crri@nic.in,
errampalli.madhu@gmail.com
10
11
DelhiDevelopment
Authority
Mr.J.BKsirsagar,Chief
Planner,TCPO&
CommissionerPlanning
DDA
Town&CountryPlanning
Organization
GovernmentofIndia
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
EBlock,VikasBhawan,
I.P.Estate,NewDelhi110002
Facetoface
meeting
LandPoolingTechniques
DelhiMumbai
MrAbhishekChaudhary,
RoomNo.341B,03rdFloor,Hotel
Facetoface
PerspectivePlanandMasterPlanofDMIC
Landuseplanningstudy
12
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
meeting,Mail
Keypointsconsulted
IndustrialCorridor
Development
Corporation
VicePresident
CorporateAffairs
&CompanySecretary
Ashok,DiplomaticEnclave,50B
Chanakyapuri,NewDelhi110021
12
DelhiUrbanArt
Commission
Mr.RajRewal,Chairman,
DUAC
duac74@gmail.com,
Mail
Guidelines/pointsforinclusion/revisionofUDPFI
guidelines
13
DirectorateforSpatial
PlanningandWater,
Governmentofthe
Netherlands
HenkSnoeken,Acting
DirectorforSpatial
Development
Henk.Snoeken@minienm.nl
Mail
Publicparticipation&Participationprocess
Embarq,India
Mr.AmitBhatt,Strategy
Head,UrbanTransport
87,2ndFloor,NewMangalaPuri,
MGRoad,NewDelhi110030,
14
Email:
abhishekchaudhary@dmicdc.com
Ph.:9810027336
Participationinofficialenvironmentalimpactassessments
Dutchnationalurbanplanningpolicydocument
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
abhatt@embarqindia.org
GeologicalSurveyof
India
Land&transportintegration,TOD
Issuesandchallengesinplanning
StreetVendorsasPedestrianInfrastructure
+919868453595
15
AtechnicaldiscussionwithDMICDConregionalplanning
aspects
Ms.SonalShah
sshah@embarqindia.orgsshah@em
barqindia.org
Mail
GenderConsciousnessinUrbanPlanningandRegulations
MrGurpritSinghJaggi,
Director,GSI
GeologicalSurveyofIndia,
Facetoface
meeting
IntegrationofGSIwithBhuvanmaps,
MadangirRoad,NewDelhi110
062.
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
DevelopmentplanpreparationinGISplatform,
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
WorkdoneinthefieldoftheGreenBuildings,
AII,PushpaBhawan,
GeoenvironmentalprofileintheMetadatabase
(procedure)
Tel:01129053777(O)
FAX:01129962671,29051328
16
17
Hyderabad
Metropolitan
Development
Authority
Mr.Sarma,Consultant,
HyderabadMetropolitan
DevelopmentAuthority
HMDA,Hyderabad
IndianGreenBuilding
Council
MrPraveenKumarSoma,
SeniorCounsellor
CIISohrabjiGodrejGreenBusiness
Centre,SurveyNo.64,Kothaguda
Post,NearHITECCity,R.R.Dist.,
Hyderabad500084,Ph.:+9140
44185121,Email:
praveen.soma@cii.in
MrRitabrataSen,
Engineer
ritabrata.sen@cii.in
MrVNageshGupta,
nagesh.gupta@cii.in
Siteanalysisstrategies
GreenTownshipsandGreenSEZsbyIndianGreenBuilding
Council.
NBC,2005CodesforsustainableDevelopment
13
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
Counsellor
18
Prof.GeetamTiwari,
Professor,
TRIPPS,Indian
DepartmentofCivil
Engineering
RoomMS815
NonMoterisedTransportmodalsplit
(MainBuilding)
TransitOrientedDevelopment
HauzKhas,New
Samplingsizeofvarioustransportsurveys
Delhi
DesignstandardsrelatedtoUrbanExpressways
Ph.:011
26858703
UrbanRoadDesignStandards
IndianInstituteof
Technology(IIT)
Delhi
Facetoface
meeting
InstituteofTechnology,
Freightcomplex
Email:geetamt@gmail.com
19
IndianInstituteof
Technology(IIT)
Kharagpur
Dr.B.K.Sengupta,
professor,Departmentof
Architectureand
RegionalPlanning
B185,IITcampus,03222255303,
282700,277190
Mail,Faceto
facemeeting
duringregional
workshopat
Bhubneshwar
CommentsonUDPFIGuidelines,1996
20
InstituteofTown
Planners,India
Dr.Meshram,President,
ITPI
4A,RingRoad,I.P.Estate,New
Delhi110002
Facetoface
meeting
Citytypologies,
Facetoface
meeting
RegionalPlanning
Dr.Kulsheshtra
Hillcitiesconsideration
Planprocessconcept
Planformulation
74thCAAprovision
Participatoryapproach
21
InstituteofUrban
Transport
Mr.C.L.Kaul,Executive
Secretary(IUT),
Mr.M.L.Chotani,
Consultant,IUT
InstituteofUrbanTransport(India)
1stFloor,AnandViharMetro
StationBuilding,Entryadjacentto
GateNo1,
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
RevisedtoolkitforCMP
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
GeneralinformationregardingProject
SamplingSize
Delhi110092(INDIA),Ph.:(+91)
1166578700709,Fax.:(+91)11
66578733/44,Email:
info@iutindia.org
22
JawaharlalNehru
NationalUrban
RenewalMission
Mr.AnandMohan,
Director,JnNURM
RoomNo:340C,Ph.:23062194,
Email:
anandmohan2006@hotmail.com
ToolkitsprovidedbyJnNURM
CDPsofvariouscities
14
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
IntegrationofGISinplanning
23
24
MinistryofDefence,
DirectorateGeneralof
DefenceEstates
Ministryof
Environmentand
Forest
Dr.D.KMalik,
Ph:01125674976
AdditionalDirectorate
General
Email:dkmalik1958@gmail.com
Mr.AjayKumarSharma,
Ph:01125676979,9990699002
IDES,DeputyDirector
General
Email:ajayced@gmail.com
Mr.N.VSatyanarayana,
Ph:01125676979,9968608234
Dy.DirectorGeneral
(Cantts)
Email:nvsatya2008@gmail.com
Mr.ManinderSingh,Joint
Secretary(EIA)
Facetoface
meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
SuggestionsforinclusionsinUDPFIGuidelines
Facetoface
meeting
TheCantonmentAct,2006
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
ReviewoftheCantonmentsectionintheGuidelines
ParyavaranBhawan,CGOComplex,
LodhiRoad,NewDelhi110003,
Email:jsicmoef@gmail.com
Mail,Telephone
Technicalaspectsofenvironmentalobligationsand
planningrequirementsbyMoEF
MrSusheelKumar,
CII/51,ShahjahanRoad,
Mail
AdditionalSecretary
Ph.:24362285,24363918(F)
,23073953
Email:asmefsusheel@gmail.com
25
26
MinistryofRoad
Transportand
Highway
Mr.R.K.Pandey,
MinistryofRural
Development,Land
Department
Mr.CharanjitSingh,
Director,LandReforms,
DepartmentofLand
Resources
ChiefEngineer
(Planning)
RoomNo.249,OfficeofMinisterfor
RoadTransport&Highways,Ph.:
23739085
Facetoface
meeting,
Telephonic
Urbanroaddesignstandards
NirmanBhawan,NBOBuilding,
Facetoface
meeting,
Telephonic
DraftNationalLandPolicy,
GWing,MaulanaAzadMarg
NewDelhi110011
NationalLandRecordModernizationProgramme(NLRMP)
T+911123062456
Email:dadolr@nic.in
27
MinistryofSocial
Justice&
Empowerment
Dr.VikramSimaRao
Director(DDIII&
NationalAwards)
MinistryofSocialJusticeand
Empowerment,
Room.No.740,'A',Wing,Shastri
Bhawan,
Dr.RajendraPrasadRoad,
NewDelhi110001(India)
Telephonic,Mail ThePersonswithDisabilitiesAct,1995,Guidelines
SpaceStandardsforBarrierFreeBuiltEnvironmentfor
DisabledandElderlyPersons
Ph:01123383464
Email:vickybotha@hotmail.com
15
S.No.
28
AgencyName
MinistryofShipping
Name&Designation
Dr.VishwapatiTrivedi,
Secretary
Modeof
Contact
TransportBhawan,RoomNo.401,
SansadMarg,NewDelhi,110001
Keypointsconsulted
Mail,Letter
ConsultationwithMinistryofShipping
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
Ecotourismguidelinesfortourismcities
Phone:01123714938
Email:secyship@nic.in
29
MinistryofTourism
Mr.S.K.Mohanta,
Phone:911123013072
DPAGradeB
Email:mohanta@nic.in
30
MinistryofWater&
Sanitation
MrPankajJain,Secretary
RoomNo.247,AWing,
NirmanBhavan,NewDelhi
110001,Ph.:23061207,
Email:ppsdws@nic.in
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
TechnicalaspectsonWatersupplystandards,Water
qualitystandards,Servicelevelbenchmarking,Sewerage
System,Effluentqualitystandardsetc.
31
MumbaiMetropolitan
Regional
Development
Authority(MMRDA)
Ms.UmaAdusumilli,
ChiefPlanner.
EBlock,MMRDABuilding,Opposite
DriveninTheatre,BandraKurla
Complex,BandraEast,Mumbai,
Maharashtra400051
Mail,Telephonic
RegionalplanofMMR
RevisedRegionalplan,GISbasedPlan
Ph:02226594060,02226591237
Email:umaplanner@gmail.com
32
NationalCapital
RegionPlanning
Board
Mr.J.N.Barman,Director,
PlanningWing
NationalCapitalRegionPlanning
Board,CoreIVB,FirstFloor,
IndiaHabitatCentre,
LodhiRoad,NewDelhi110003.
Ph.:24628179
Email:ncrpbjd1@nic.in
33
NationalDisaster
Management
Authority
Dr.AnitaBhatnagarJain,
JS(Policy&Plan)
Email:'anita.bhatnagar@nic.in
Mail,Telephonic SensitiveLandusePlanningdocument,
Mr.RajeshKumarSingh
(Director)
Roomno.326,NDMABhawan,A1,
safdarjungenclavenewdelhi
110029,
Facetoface
meeting,mail
NationalPlanforDisaster
NationalInstituteof
DisasterManagement
Dr.AnilK.Gupta,
AssociateProfessor
5B,IIPACampus,I.P.Estate,M.G.
Road,NewDelhi110002
FacetoFace
Meeting
Ph.:23724311Email:
anil.nidm@nic.in
35
NationalRemote
SensingCentre
Dr.K.VenugopalaRao,
GroupHeadUrban
ISRO,Departmentof
Space,Balanagar,Hyderabad
DistrictDisasterManagementPlan
Sensitivelanduseplanningdocument
singhkrajesh@hotmail.com
34
DisasterManagementguidelines
NationalMissiononSustainableHabitat,NationalBuilding
CodeOfIndia2005(coveringhazardcomponents),
DisasterManagementGuidelines,Chennaimasterplan
(sensitivetourbanflood)
Facetoface
meeting,Mail
Bhuvandatabaseandservices
GISapplicationofBhuvaninMasterplanpreparation(
16
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Studies&Geo
InformaticsGroup,NRSC
500037,A.P.
Fax:+914023884259
Mr.ArulRaj,Bhuvan,
NRSC,
Ms.Reedhi,Engg.SD,Geo
InformaticsGroup
36
NationalUrban
InformationSystem
Dr.DebjaniGhosh,
Mr.SandeepThakur,
Modeof
Contact
includingpilotprojectofNalgonda)
Tel:+914023884556
ConsultationwithHyderabadMetropolitanDevelopment
Authority(HMDA)forunderstandingtheprocessof
HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentPlanformedinGIS
platform
Venu_koppaka@nrsc.gov.in
NUISlanduselayersforthecorecityarea
IndianhabitatCentre,Core4B,
LodhiRoad,110003
Mr.JaganShah
Tel:911124617517/43
Mr.Mohd.MonisKhan,
Town&CountryPlanner
Organization
GovernmentofIndia
Keypointsconsulted
Mail
NUISmapping,
Lateststatusandutilisationforplanning
dghosh@niua.org
Facetoface
meeting
StatusofNUISon18.02.13
Facetoface
meeting
Consideringtheeconomicaspectswhilepreparationof
plans
Email:khanmonis@yahoo.com
37
PlanningCommission
Mr.RakeshRanjan,
Advisor,HUD
YojanaBhawan,NewDelhi
110001
Considerthefactorsofmigrationintourbanareas
Emphasisof'MixedLandUse'
OptimumUseofLand
planningofurbanareasmoreeconomicallyoptimum
38
39
40
RegistrarGeneralof
India
Dr.D.K.Dey,Additional
Director
SchoolofPlanning
andArchitecture
Ms.SanjukktaBhaduri
SchoolofPlanning
andArchitecture
Mr.Sewaram,HoD,
TransportPlanning
HoDUrbanPlanning
Facetoface
meeting
Email:
sanjukta.bhaduri@gmail.com,
s.bhaduri@spa.ac.in
FacetoFace
Meeting
Mixedusesofland,AlternativetoMasterPlanapproach
Twoslides
DepartmentofTransportPlanning,
SchoolofPlanningand
Architecture,4BlockB,
IndraprasthaEstate,NewDelhi
FacetoFace
Meeting
TransportPlanning
Censusdatabase,
OfficeofTheRegistrarGeneraland
CensusCommissioner,2/A,Man
SinghRoad,NewDelhi110011,
Tel:+911123070629,
23381623,23381917,23384816,
Email:rgoffice.rgi@nic.in
PCAdataforsocialeconomicdevelopment,
CensusAtlas,
NationalCommissiononPopulation
17
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
110002
41
SchoolofPlanning
andArchitecture
Mr.Mahaveer,HoD,
TransportPlanning
4BlockB,IndraprasthaEstate,
NewDelhi110002
FacetoFace
Meeting
RegionalPlanning
42
SurveyofIndia
Maj.Gen.RCPadhi,
AdditionalSurveyor
General,SOI
IndianInstituteofSurveyingand
Mapping,SOI,Uppal,Hyderabad
500039,
Telephone
NUISmapping,
DistrictPlanningSeries
Tel:04027201181,04027202059
43
TownandCountry
Planning
Organisation,Delhi
Mr.J.B.Kshirsagar
ChiefPlanner,Townand
CountryPlanning
Organisation
Mr.R.Srinivas
TownandCountry
Planner,
Head,Metropolitan
&UnionTerritories
Division,
Organization
GovernmentofIndia
EBlock,VikasBhawan,
I.P.Estate,NewDelhi110002
FacetoFace
Meeting,Mail,
Telephonic
Zoningregulations,
Institutionalrequirement,
Masterplanstudies
Variousstudiesandinteractionsduringtheproject
Ph23370837(O),9810636758(M)
01204297227(R)
Email:srinimetro@gmail.com
TownandCountry
PlanningOrganisation
Mr.SudeepRoy,
AssttTownandCountry
Planner
TownandCountry
PlanningOrganization
44
UrbanDevelopment&
UrbanHousing
Department,
Mr.G.R.Aloria,
Email:usud@gujarat.gov.in
Mail
PrincipalSecretary
Metropolitanplanformulation
EmpoweringtheULB
GovernmentOf
Gujarat
ConsultationduringRegionalWorkshopsandcommentsshared
45
Town&Country
Planning,Government
ofKarnataka
MrShantappa.B.Honnur,
Director
OfficeoftheDirectorofTown&
CountryPlanning,M.S.Building,
GateNo.3,Bangalore500001
Mail
ViewsandinformationpertainingtoDepartmentofTown
andCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKarnataka
Ph.:9845150829
18
S.No.
AgencyName
Name&Designation
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
Email:shanthonnur@gmail.com
46
TownPlanning&
Valuation
Department,
Maharashtra
MrK.S.Akode,Director
TownPlanning&Valuation
Department,CentralOffice,Pune
411001
Mail
Review,studyandrecommendationsforapplyingPlanning
StandardsforvariousurbanareaintheStateof
Maharashtra
47
Town&Country
Planning
Organization,
Puducherry
MrS.Ragunathan
TownandcountryPlanning
Department,
Mail
PuducherryByeLawAmendment2013,PuducherryCity
DevelopmentPlan,PuducherryMasterPlan,Puducherry
Masterplandocument,PuducherryTCPAct,1969,Yanam
MasterPlan
TownPlanning
Organisation,
Governmentof
Tripura
TCPO,3rdfloorofKhadyaBhawan,
PanditNehruComplex,
Gurkhabasti,Agartala,Tripura
Mail
CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
TownPlanning
Department,
Governmentof
Uttarakhand
MrS.K.Pant,Senior
Planner
TownPlanningDepartment,53,
TomarComplex,Dehradun,
Uttarakhand
Mail
50
IndianInstituteof
Technology(IIT)
Kharagpur
Dr.JaydipBarman,
ProfessorandHeadof
Department
DepartmentofArchitectureand
RegionalPlanning,IndianInstitute
ofTechnology,Kharagpur721302
Mail
ObservationonreviewofUDPFIGuidelines,1996
51
GovernmentofSikkim
MsDevikaSharma
Chettri,AdditionalChief
TownPlanner
UrbanDevelopment&Housing
Department,GoS,Gangtok,Ph:
03592202900
Mail
Prof.PratapRaval,
Professor
CollegeofEngineering,Pune,
Maharashtra
Mail
ViewsregardingrevisionofUDPFIandinclusioninnew
guidelines.
Facetoface
meetinginthe
regional
workshop
Facetoface
meetinginthe
regional
workshopand
mail
PlanningprovisionintheState
48
49
52
Collegeof
Engineering,Pune
ChiefTownPlannercum
Secretary,SLNA,
JNNURM
Puducherry(SLNAforJNNURM)
Puducherry
Ph.:9422506124,Email:
pushpak20@yahoo.co.uk
53
TownPlanning
Department
Rajasthan
Mr.PraveenJain,Chef
TownPlanner,
GovernmentofRajasthan
TownPlanningDepartment,opp.
BirlaTemple,JLNMarg,Jaipur04
Telephoneno.:01412563702,
email:ctorj@nic.in
Mr.PradeepKapoor,
p.kapoor57@gmail.com
TownPlanning
Department,
SuggestionsonInfrastructurefund,planningnorms,Small
townlevelplanning
AffordableHousingPolicyandIntegratedTownshipPolicy
ofRajasthan
19
S.No.
54
55
AgencyName
UrbanDevelopment&
HousingDepartment,
Sikkim
DirectorateofTown
Planning,Odisha
Name&Designation
Mr.DinekGurung,
Sr.ArchitectcumTown
Planner
UrbanDevelopment&Housing
Department,Governmentof
Sikkim,Gangtok737101
Ph:9933032718
gurungdinker@gmail.com
Mr.Mishra
ChiefTownPlanner,Directorateof
TownPlanning,"BlockIV,Unit5,
Bhubaneswar751001(Tel:0674
2392294,Fax:06742395574)
Modeof
Contact
Keypointsconsulted
Facetoface
meetinginthe
regional
workshopand
mail
Facetoface
meetinginthe
regional
workshop
OrissaDevelopmentAuthorityManual,
OTP&ITAct,1956
Email:dtpodisha@gmail.com
20
1.8.
Glossary
1.8.1. Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthevolumes)
Table1.4: Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthevolumes)
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct
http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htmhttp://indiacode.nic.in/
coiweb/amend/amend74.htm
AGenderedPerspectiveoftheShelterTransportLivelihoodLink:TheCaseofPoorWomen
inDelhi.TransportReviews,Volume26(1),p6380
Wilson,Anand,AnvitaandTiwari,Geetam;1987
AdvisoryNoteSeptageManagementinUrbanIndia,2013
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
AffordableHousingPolicy,2009
AhmedabadCDP
JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
AhmedabadDraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2021(SecondRevised)Ahmedabad
UrbanDevelopmentAuthorityPartIII:GeneralDevelopmentRegulationsDraft
AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority(AUDA)
AirportDevelopmentReferenceManual,9thedition
InternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)
AizawlMasterPlan
AizawlDevelopmentAuthority
AlternativeModesofAssemblyAndDevelopmentofLandandHousingintheNCTofDelhi
10
AncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct,(AmendmentandValidation)
2011
ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia(ASI)
11
ApproachtotheTwelfthFiveYearPlan
PlanningCommission
12
ArizonaDepartmentofCommerce
13
BasicStatisticsforLocalLevelDevelopment(BSLLD)
MinistryofStatistics&ProgrammeImplementation(MoS&PI)
14
BBMPModelofSWM
www.bbmp.gov.in
15
BiharUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct2012
PatnaMunicipalCorporation
16
BioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1998
MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
17
Canada,BritishColumbiaTable
http://www.thinkcity.ca/node/289
18
CaseStudy:KankariaLake,Ahmedabad
http://www.narendramodi.in/kankarialakedevelopmentprojectrestores
iconiclaketoitsgrandeur/
19
CaseStudiesinDesignExcellenceforMidSizedUrban/InnerSuburbanMedicalCenters
AIAPotomacValley
20
CensusofIndia,2001
OfficeoftheRegistrarGeneralandCensusCommissioner,India,Ministryof
HomeAffairs
21
ChemicalTerrorismDisasterGuidelinesN
21
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
22
CityDevelopmentPlan(CDP)Delhi
DepartmentofUrbanDevelopment
23
ClimateProofingGuwahati,AssamCityresiliencestrategyandMainstreamingPlan,Synthesis
Report,2013
TataEnergyResearchInstitute(TERI)
24
CoastalRegulationZone(CRZ)Notification,2011
25
CodeofPractice(PartI)CrossSection(UrbanRoad)
26
CommunityPlanningAssistanceProgram
AmericanPlanningAssociation
27
CompendiumofSewageTreatmentTechnologies,2009
NationalRiverConservationDirectorate,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
28
ComprehensiveMobilityPlans:PreparationToolkit
29
Conditionsofengagementofprofessionalservicesandscaleofprofessionalfeesandcharges
InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)
30
ConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2011
DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
31
CreativeFinancingofUrbanInfrastructureinIndiathroughMarketbasedFinancingand
PublicPrivatePartnershipOptions
ChetanandHiteshVaidya,MetropolitanCongress,Sydney,October2226,
2008.
32
DraftUTTIPECGuidelines,2012
http://www.uttipec.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=31&langid=1
33
Defining,Meaning&EvaluatingCarryingCapacityinEuropeanTourismDestinations
UniversityofAegean,Greece
34
DelhiLandPoolingPolicy
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
35
DesigningGreenModulesforNewUrbanSpacesinWestBengalWorkshop
DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)
36
DeterminingSustainableDevelopmentDensityusingtheUrbanCarryingCapacity
AssessmentSystem,2004
UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)(availableat:
https://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/casa/pdf/paper78.pdf)
37
DevelopmentofToolkitunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,LandUseTransport
IntegrationandDensityofUrbanGrowth,2013
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment,GovernmentofIndia
38
DevelopmentofTrainingMaterialunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,Reference
GuideVolume2DemandAssessment
39
DisasterManagementofIndia
MinistryofHomeAffairs(MoHA)
40
DebtMarketComponent
IndoUSFinancialInstitutionsReformandExpansionProjectFIRE(D)
41
DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridor
http://www.dmicdc.com/
42
DraftDevelopmentPlan(DDP)DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopment
Authority(DSIRDA)
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA)
43
DraftGuidelinesforDevelopmentofSpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)s
44
DraftSpecialRegulationforInstallationofTelecomTowersinUrbanAreas
GovernmentofOdisha
45
EleventhFiveYearPlan200712VolumeI
PlanningCommission
46
EnergyConservationBuildingCode(ECBC)
MinistryofPower(MoP)
22
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
47
EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986
48
EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)notification,2006
49
ExplosiveRule,2008
50
FDIIndianRoadCongress(IRC)2013
51
FloodManagementGuidelines
52
ForestConservationAct,1980
53
AGenderedPerspectiveoftheShelterTransportLivelihoodLink:TheCaseofPoorWomen
inDelhi
Wilson,1987;Anand,AnvitaandTiwari,Geetam.2006.TransportReviews,
Vol26(1),p6380
54
GoodGovernanceGuide
MunicipalAssociationofVictoria(at:
http://www.goodgovernanceguide.org.au/)
55
GoodGovernance&TransparencyTheirImpactonDevelopment
SaladinAlJurf;(Articleat
http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tlcp9&div=22
&id=&page)
56
GreaterBangaloreWaterandSewerageProject(GBWASP),India
IndoUSFinancialInstitutionsReformandExpansionProjectDebtMarket
Component
FIRE(D)
57
GreaterHyderabadBiodiversityIndex,2012
GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation(GHMC)
58
GreenestCityActionPlan,CityofVancouver
http://www.greencitytimes.com/SustainableCities/vancouvergreenestcity
2020.html
59
GuidanceNoteonMunicipalSolidWasteManagementonaRegionalBasis
60
GuidebookonPPPInfrastructure
UNEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(ESCAP)
61
GuideonArtificialRechargetoGroundWater
CentralGroundWaterBoard
62
GuidelineNoteMunicipalSolidWasteManagementonRegionalBasis
63
GuidelinesandSpaceStandardsforBarrierFreeBuiltEnvironmentforDisabledandElderly
Persons
CentralPublicWorksDepartment(CPWD)
64
GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentinMediumSizedCitiesinIndia
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD),AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
65
GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentinMediumSizedCitiesinIndia
GuidelinesforNonMotorisedTransportMeasures:PolicyandOptions
66
GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentModule1ComprehensiveMobility
Plan
PADECOCo.,Ltd.,Tokyo,JAPAN
67
GuidelinesforDecentralisedWastewatermanagement
68
GuidelinesforDeclarationofEcoSensitiveZonesAroundNationalParks&Wildlife
Sanctuaries
MinistryofEnvironment&Forest(MoEF)
23
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
69
GuidelinesforFDIinDevelopmentofIntegratedTownship,2002
PressNote,DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
70
GuidelinesforFinancialAssistancetoStateGovernment
MinistryofTourism(MoT)
71
GuidelinesforHighRiseBuildings,2012
MoEFOfficeMemorandum
72
GuidelinesforPreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofAction
MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
73
GuidelinesforestablishmentofNationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZ)
74
GujaratIntegratedTownshipPolicy,2008
GujaratUrbanDevelopmentCompanyLtd.(GUDC)
75
HandbookofServiceLevelBenchmarking
76
HighwayDesignManual
DepartmentofTransportation,NewYorkState(USA)
77
HimachalPradeshIntegratedTownshipScheme(Draft)
GovernmentofHimachalPradesh
78
HistoricUrbanLandscape(Recommendation),2011
UNESCOsGeneralConference
79
ImprovingUrbanWaterSupply&SanitationServicesAdvisoryNote
80
ImprovingLocalGovernanceandServiceDelivery:CitizenReportCardLearningToolKit,
2007
AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)&AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute(ADBI)
81
IndiasFifthNationalReporttotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,2014
82
IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS),2012
MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare
83
IndianRoadCongress(IRC)1032012
IndianRoadCongress(IRC),MinistryofRoadTransport&Highways
(MORTH)
84
IndianRoadCongress(IRC)1061990
IndianRoadCongress(IRC),MinistryofRoadTransport&Highways
(MORTH)
85
IndicativeDwellingUnitSizes
NayaRaipurMasterPlan
86
IndustrialChemicalDisasterManagementGuidelinesN
87
IntegratedDistrictPlanningManual
PlanningCommission
88
IntegratedTownshipPolicy,Housing&UrbanPlanningDepartment
GovernmentofUttarPradesh
89
InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)Article
Mr.A.K.Jain,Commissioner(Planning),DelhiDevelopmentAuthority
90
IndianStandards(IS)10500:2012
91
JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)CDPToolkit
92
KeralaOrdinance,2013
GovernmentofKerala
93
LandAcquisitionAct,1894
MinistryofLaw&Justice(MoLJ)
94
LandPoolingNotificationDelhi
TheGazetteofIndia
95
LandSuitabilityAnalysisforUrbanPlanningEnvironmentalassessmentinanEcologically
SensitiveCoastalAreaofEasternChinaBaseduponMultiCriteriaMechanism
NanjingUniversity,China(website)
24
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
96
LandfillGasManagementFacilitiesDesignGuidelines
MinistryofEnvironment,BritishColombia
97
MajorPortTrustAct,1963
MinistryofShipping(MoS)
98
ManualforIntegratedDistrictPlanning
PlanningCommission
99
ManualforthePreparationofTownandRegionalPlanningMaps
100
ManualonArtificialRechargeofGroundWater
CentralGroundWaterBoard(CGWB),MinistryofWaterResources
101
ManualonMunicipalSolidWasteManagement
CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
102
ManualonPreparationofCitySanitationPlans(CSPs)
103
ManualonRainWaterharvestingandConservation
CentralPublicWorksDepartment(CPWD)
104
ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatment(DraftThirdedition)
105
ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatment(secondedition)
106
MasterPlanforDelhi,2001and2021
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MCD
107
MasterPlanofDelhi(MPD)2021
108
MedicalTourismMagazine
http://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/en/medicaltourism
magazine.html
109
MethodologytoestimateandforecastdistrictandcityGDP
McKinsey&CompanysnotetoMoUD,17thApril2014
110
Micro&SmallEnterprisesClusterDevelopmentProgramme
MinistryofMicro,Small&MediumEnterprises(MoMSME)
111
ModelBuildingByelaws
112
MumbaiWaterwaySystem
InlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndia(IWAI)
113
MunicipalAccountingULBLevelReform
http://JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission
(JnNURM).nic.in/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/Mandatory_Primer_2Mun
Acc.pdf
114
MunicipalFinanceImprovementProgramme,JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewal
Mission(JnNURM)
115
MunicipalFinanceinIndia:AnAssessment
DepartmentofEconomicAnalysisandPolicy,ReserveBankofIndia(RBI)
116
NationalAccountsStatistics:ManualOnEstimationOfStateAndDistrictIncome,2008
CentralStatisticsOffice(CSO)
117
NationalBuildingCodesofIndia2005
118
NationalElectricityPolicy,2005
MinistryofPower(MoP)
119
NationalEnvironmentalPolicy2006
MinistryofEnvironment&Forest(MoEF)
120
NationalDisasterManagementGuidelinesChemicalDisasters(Industrial)
121
NationalDisasterManagementGuidelinesManagementofFloods
122
NationalDisasterManagementHandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefence
25
S.No.
Particulars
andSisterOrganisations,2012
Sources
123
124
NationalMissiononSustainableHabitat
125
NationalMunicipalAccountingTrainingManual
126
NationalPolicyOnDisasterManagement,2009
127
NationalPolicyonUrbanStreetVendors,2009
128
NationalPPPPolicy2011
http://www.pppinindia.com/
129
NationalUrbanHousingandHabitatPolicy,2007
130
NationalUrbanSanitationPolicy
131
NationalUrbanTransportPolicy2006
http://urbanindia.nic.in/
132
NationalWildlifeActionPlan(NWAP)20022016
ForestDepartment,Andaman&Nicobar
133
NewsArticle:DCBtoDevelopWeeklyMarket,PuneCantonmentBoardPlansBuilding
ComplexonSpaceatCanttCourt,CDPKhadliCantonment
TimesofIndia
134
Norms&StandardsforCapacityofAirportTerminals
PlanningCommission
135
NormsandStandardsHillareas
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),GovernmentofHimachal
Pradesh(http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/chap6.htm)
136
NotificationforIntegratedTownship,2007
137
OdishaInfrastructureDevelopmentFund
GovernmentofOdisha
138
OilMinesRegulations,1984
DirectorateGeneralofMinesSafety
139
OverseasDevelopmentInstitute,UK
Wikipedia
140
PaperonUrbanisationbyK.C.SivaramakrishnanandB.N.Singh
http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/vision2025/urban.p
df
141
ParticipationToolsforBetterCommunityPlanning
LocalGovernmentCommission&TheCaliforniaEndowment(at:
http://lgc.org/wordpress/docs/freepub/community_design/guides/Participa
tion_Tools_for_Better_Community_Planning.pdf)
142
ParticipatoryUrbanPlanningAndServiceDeliveryToUrbanPoor
ParticipatoryResearchinAsia(PRIA)
143
PeriUrbanArea
http://periurban14.org/
144
PetroleumandNaturalGasRegulatoryBoard(PNGRB)Notification
PetroleumandNaturalGasRegulatoryBoard(PNGRB)
145
PlanningandDevelopment,2025:ProfessionalandAcademicChallenges
146
PooledFinanceDevelopmentSchemeToolkit
147
PPPToolkitforImprovingPPPDecisionMakingProcess
MinistryofFinance(MoF)
26
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
148
PractitionersGuide,2006
MultifunctionalIntensiveLandUse(MILUnet)
149
PreparationofDistrictDisasterManagementPlan(DDMP)
150
PreparationofStateDisasterManagementPlans
151
PerformaforEnvironmentalAppraisalofMiningProjects,MinistryofEnvironmentand
Forest(MoEF)
152
PressnoteonquarterlyestimatesofGrossDomesticProductforthethirdquarter(October
December)of201314
CentralStatisticsOffice(CSO)
153
ProposedKarkadoomaTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD)Project
http://uttipec.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/6080492270.pdf
154
PublicPrivatePartnership,2004
InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)
155
RajasthanTownshipPolicy,2010
156
RajivAwasYojana(RAY),Guidelinesfor
PreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofAction
157
RapidTrainingProgramme,JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
158
RAYSchemeGuidelines20132022
159
ReadingMaterialonPlanningTechniques
JHAnsariandShriMahavir,InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI),2002
160
RecommendationsoftheInterMinisterialCommitteeforAcceleratingManufacturingin
Micro,Small&MediumEnterprisesSector,2013
MinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MoMSME)
161
RecommendatoryUrbanBusSpecifications
162
RegionalPlanforGoa,2021
StateLevelCommittee
163
ReportoftheEvaluationStudyonHillareaDevelopmentprogrammeinAssamandWest
Bengal,June2010
PlanningCommission
164
ReportofPrimeMinistersTaskForceonMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises,2010
PrimeMinisterOffice(PMO)
165
ReportofthesubcommitteeforDevelopmentofNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat
parametersforenergyefficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings
166
ReportofTaskGrouponProblemsinHillyhabitations,2008
PlanningCommission
167
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning,12thFiveyearplan,Steering
committeeonUrbanDevelopment&Management
MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
168
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponFinancingUrbanInfrastructure
12thFYPSteeringcommitteeonUrbanDevelopment&Management,Ministry
ofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation
169
ReportontheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning
12thFiveyearplan,SteeringCommitteeonUrbanDevelopment&
170
RulesfortheAcquisition,CustodyRelinquishmentetc.ofMilitaryLandsinIndia(ACRRules),
Management,2011
DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE)
27
S.No.
Particulars
1944
Sources
171
KirpichEquationMethod,RunoffCoefficient,
KSubramanya,EngineeringHydrology;McGrowHillEducationLtd.2013,
page298
172
Saransh:ACompodeumofMissionModeProjectsunderNeGP
NationaleGovernancePlan
173
SatelliteData,2013
174
SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission
GovernmentofIndia
175
Selectcasestudies"RainWaterHarvestingandArtificialRecharge"
MinistryofWaterResources(MoWR)
176
SkyCity,China
Casestudyavailableat:
http://en.broad.com/uploads/pdf/tkcswsm201307.pdf
177
SmartCitiesReadinessGuide
SmartCitiesCouncil
178
SolidWasteManagementGPS&GISenabled:BestPracticesineGovernance;JnNURM
MinistryofurbanDevelopment(MoUD);http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wp
content/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf
179
SpaceBasedInformationSupportforDecentralisedPlanningManualII
180
SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005/SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Rule2006
MinistryofCommerce(MoC)
181
SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Guidelines
IndustriesCommissionerate,GovernmentofGujarat
182
SpecialRequirementforLowIncomeHousinginUrbanAreas
NationalBuildingCode(NBC)
183
SportsCityinNayaRaipur
NayaRaipurDevelopmentAuthority
184
StrategicPlanforNewandRenewableEnergySectorforthePeriod201117
MinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy(MNRE)
185
StrategyPaperonMasterPlanFormulation,InclusivePlanning,PrioritizationforHousing
andPedestrianMovement
186
SuitabilityAnalysisofUrbanGreenSpaceSystemBasedonGIS
ITC,TheNetherlands
188
SustainableUrbanization:GuidelinestoManageUrbanGrowthVol2:Tools&Guidelines
McIntoshXaba&Associates
189
TamilNaduMunicipalLawsOrdinance,2003
GovernmentofTamilNadu
190
TheCantonmentLandAdministrationRules,1937
DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE),MinistryofDefence
191
TheCantonmentsAct,2006
DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE),MinistryofDefence
192
TheDeolaliCantonmentBoard(DCB)
TheTimesofIndia
193
TheEconomistMagazine(Vancouver:MostLiveablePlace)
IndiaTv
194
TheGujaratTownPlanningandUrbanDevelopmentAct,1976
MinistryofUrbanAffairsandEmployment(MoUA&E)
195
TheHighPoweredExpertCommitteeforEstimatingtheInvestmentRequirementsforUrban
InfrastructureServicesof(HPEC),2011
196
TheIndustries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951
28
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
197
TheInlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndiaAct,1985
InlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndia(IWAI)
198
TheKarnatakaTownandCountryPlanningAct,1961
199
TheKeralaMunicipalityBuildingRules,1999
GovernmentofKerala
200
TheMaharashtraRegionalandTownPlanningAct,1996Volume2B
201
TheMunicipalWardastheBasicUrbanPlannedDevelopmentArea
202
ThePetroleumandNaturalGasRules,1959
MinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas(MoPNG)
203
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitationand
ResettlementAct(RFCTLARR),2013
MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
204
TheStreetVendors(ProtectionoflivelihoodandRegulationofStreetVending)Act,2014
MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
205
TheSustainableCarryingCapacityofNewZealand
TheRoyalSocietyofNewZealand
206
ThirteenthFinanceCommission,201015,VolumeI
207
ToolkitforSolidWasteManagementJawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission
208
TownPlanningandValuationDepartment
GovernmentofGujarat
209
TrackingCentralFinanceCommissionsandStateFinanceCommissionsGrantstoSelected
StatesandUrbanLocalBodiesinIndia
NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
210
TrafficandTransportationPoliciesandStrategiesinUrbanAreasinIndia,1998
211
TransitOrientedDevelopment(Policy,Norms,Guidelines)
UnifiedTrafficandTransportationInfrastructure
(Planning&Engineering)Centre(UTTIPEC)
212
TransparencyandGoodGovernanceattheMunicipalLevel
TransparencyInternationalCanada,2005
213
TwelfthFiveYearPlan201217VolumeI
PlanningCommission
214
UnionTerritoryAdministrationsforOrganizingFairandFestivalsandTourismrelated
Events
MinistryofTourism(MoT)
215
UrbanCarryingCapacity:Conceptandcalculation,201112
IITGuwahati
216
Urbandevelopmentplansformulationandimplementationguidelines
217
UrbanInfrastructureinIndia
FederationofIndianChambersofCommerceandIndustry(FICCI)
218
UrbanLandPoliciesFortheUninitiated
UnitedNationEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(UN
ESCAP)
219
UrbanPlanningandSmartCities
InterrelationsandReciprocities,LeonidasG.Anthopoulos;SpringerVerlag
BerlinHeidelberg,2011
220
UrbanRoadCodeofpractice
221
UrbanSectorFeedbackforMetropolitanPlanningCommittees
IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration(IIPA)
29
S.No.
Particulars
Sources
222
UrbanStreetDesignGuidelines
UTTIPEC
223
ViabilityofInlandWaterTransportinIndia
RangarajNandRaghuramG,
http://www.ieor.iitb.ac.in/files/faculty/narayan/transport/iwttecrepoct
05.pdf
224
VolumeVD1:DPRforMultilevelParkingFacilityatGhaziabad(MainReport)
NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)andAsianDevelopment
Bank(ADB),2010
225
WeightedOverlayofLandSuitability
http://www.urban.uiuc.edu/courses/up503/Lectures/3_UP503SuitabilityAn
alysis11.pdf.
226
WildLifeProtectionAct,1972
MinistryofEnvironmentandForests
227
WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopments(TheBrundtlandCommission)
ReportOurCommonFuture(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1987)
228
WorkinggrouponAgricultureMarketingInfrastructure,12thFiveYearPlan
PlanningCommission
229
WorkinggrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning
PlanningCommission
230
WorkingpaperonTransitOrientedDevelopment
EMBARQ,India
30
1.8.2. References (read, understood and/or analysed for the preparation of the Revised
Guidelines)
Table1.5: ReferencesfortheGuidelines(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationoftheguideline)
S.No.
References
Sources
TownandCountryPlanningActs(ReferredinChapter5ofVol.IIA)
DraftTownandCountryPlannersAct,2012
TCPO
TheDelhiDevelopmentAct,1957
GovernmentofDelhi
TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanningAct,1977
TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanningRules,1978
TheJammu&KashmirDevelopmentAct,1970
GovernmentofJammu&Kashmir
TheMaharashtraTownandCountryPlanningAct,1966
GovernmentofMaharashtra
DelhiDevelopment(MasterPlanandZonalDevelopmentPlan)Rules,1989
GazetteNotification,MinistryofHealth
TheMizoramGazetteExtraordinaryPublishedbyAuthority
GovernmentofMizoram
TheMizoramUrbanandRegionalDevelopment(SecondAmendment)Act,2004
GovernmentofMizoram
10
TheOrissaDevelopmentAuthoritiesAct,1982
Housing&UrbanDevelopmentDepartment,GovernmentofOrissa
11
OdishaTP&ITAct,1956
DirectorateofTownplanning,Bhubaneswar,Odisha
12
ThePunjabRegionalandTownPlanningDevelopmentAct,1995
GovernmentofPunjab
13
TheAssamTownandCountryPlanningAct,1959
GovernmentofAssam
14
TheTamilNaduTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971
GovernmentofTamilNadu
15
UttarPradesh(U.P.)UrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct,1973
PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)(ReferredforSection3.3.3)
16
CapacityDevelopmentofNCRPBPackage1(ComponentsA&C)PPPToolkitAsian
DevelopmentBank
InstituteofPublicEnterprise(IPE)&TamilNaduUrbanInfrastructureFinancial
ServicesLtd(TNUFSIL)
17
PPPProjectsinIndiaCompendiumofcasestudies
MinistryofFinance(MoF)
18
PPPWebpageofMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
19
AGuidebookonPPPinInfrastructure
UnitedNationEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(UNESCAP)
20
ToolkitofAnalysisofUrbanInfrastructureProjectsforPPPunderJnNURM
JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JawaharlalNehruNational
UrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM))
21
ToolkitforPPPinUrbanBusTransportfortheStateofMaharashtra
AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
22
NationalPPPPolicyDraftforConsultation
MinistryofEconomicAffairs(MoEA)
31
S.No.
References
Sources
23
UnderstandingPPP
UnitedNations
24
PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,Dec2010
PPPCell,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs,MinistryofFinance
25
NationalPublicPrivatePartnershipPolicy,2011
MinistryofFinance
PlanningCommissionReports(ReferredforSection3.3)
26
TwelfthFiveYearPlan(20122017)EconomicSectorsVolumeII
PlanningCommission
DatafromMinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(Referredforsection2.2.5and5.6.2)
27
AffordableHousinginPartnershipSchemeGuidelines,2013
28
InputsforIncorporatingURDPFIGuidelines
29
DraftModelStateAffordableHousingPolicyforUrbanAreas,2013
30
ModificationtoMasterPlanstoEnsureInclusiveDevelopment
31
NationalUrbanHousingandHabitatPolicy,2007
Land&Landrecordsrelateddocuments(understood&majorlyreferredinSection3.2)
32
NationalLandUtilisationPolicyframeworkforlanduseandplanning&ManagementJuly2013
33
NationalLandUtilisationPolicyFrameworkforlanduseplanningandmanagementSep2013
34
GuidelinesforTransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)underthedevelopmentregulationsfor
Chennaimetropolitanarea
35
TransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)Karnataka
218.248.45.169/download/engineering/TDRwebsite%2001.pdf
36
TransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)Rajasthan
DepartmentofUrbanDevelopment
37
UrbanLandPolicyandManagementRecordsA.K.Jain
InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)Journal
38
LandPolicyforDevelopmentInTheNationalCapitalTerritoryofDelhi:2021
39
ConsideringVariousAlternativeTechniquesofAccesstoLand,March2003
40
HumanSettlementsUrbanLandPoliciesfortheUninitiated
www.unescap.org/HUSET/land_policies/index.htm
Transport(ReferredinSection7.3.5and8.2)
41
Modellingpassengermodechoicebehaviourusingcomputeraidedstatedpreferencedata
OmerKhan,SchoolofUrbanDevelopment,QueenslandUniversityof
Technology(QUT),2007
42
UserEquilibriumandSystemOptimumTrafficAssignments,IstanbulRoadNetworkExample
BanihanGnay,JournalofEngineeringSciences,1996
43
WhyDoPeopleUseTheirCars:ACaseStudyinMalaysia
AbdallaNurdeenKamba,RizaAtiqO.K.Rahmat,AmiruddinIsmail,Journalof
SocialScience,2007
44
AnalysingofPublicTransportTripgenerationindevelopingcountries,acasestudyin
Yogyakarta,Indonesia
S.PriyantoandE.PFriandi,WorldAcademyofScience,Engineeringand
Technology,2010
45
Amodelfortripsgeneratedbyhouseholds
H.J.WoottonandG.W.Pick,JournalofTransportEconomicsandPolicy,
ChennaiMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(CMDA)
32
S.No.
References
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46
FinancingSustainableUrbanTransportInternationalreviewofNationalUrbanTransport
PoliciesandProgramme.
FederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(Germany),
EMBARK,GIZ,2012
47
StudyonTrafficandtransportationpoliciesandstrategiesinurbanareasinIndia
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD),2008
48
Surveymethodsfortransportplanning
AnthonyJ.Richardson,ElizabethS.Ampt,ArnimH.Meyburg,1995,
EucalyptusPress
49
TransitOrientedDevelopmentPolicyGuidelines
LandUsePlanningandPolicy,CityofCalgary,2004
50
UrbanRoadCodesCodeofPracticeCrossSection
InstituteofUrbanTransport(IUT),2012
51
TrafficandTransportationPoliciesandStrategiesinUrbanAreasinIndia
52
MetroRailPolicy,2008
53
MetroRailwaysGeneralRule,2013andOpeningofMetroRailwaysforPublicCarriageof
PassengersRules,2013
54
Predictionanalysisoftripproductionusingcrossclassificationtechnique
Dr.AbdulKhalikAlTaei,AmalM.Taher,CivilEngineeringDept./Collegeof
Eng.UniversityofDohukUniversityofDohuk,2005
55
FourlaningofHighwaysthroughPublicPrivatePartnership
PlanningCommission
56
TODStandardVersion2.0
InstituteforTransport&DevelopmentPolicy(ITDP)
57
DetailedProjectReportforFinancialAssistanceunderMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
SchemeforPurchaseofBuses
58
TODStandardVersion2.0,November2013
InstituteofTransportationandDevelopmentPolicy,NewYork
AnalysisTechniques(analysedandreferredforSection7.4)
59
GISbasedmulticriteriadecisionanalysisoflandsuitabilityforhillsidedevelopment
ImtiazAhmedChandioandAbdNasirBinMatori,InternationalJournalof
EnvironmentalScienceandDevelopment(IJESD),Vol.2,No.6,December
2011
60
Landsustainabilityanalysisusingmultiattributedecisionmakingapproach
SudabeJafariandNargesZaredar,InternationalJournalofEnvironmental
ScienceandDevelopment(IJESD),Vol.1,No.5,December2010
61
MarketingresearchApracticalapproach
BonitaKolb,SAGEPublications,2008
62
Preliminaryunderstandingofmarketingresearch
RanaSerdaroglu,NearEastUniversity
63
UrbanandregionalplanningAsystemsapproach
J.BrianMcLoughlin,FaberandFaberLtd.,1969
64
Planningforfutureurbandevelopment:Landsuitabilityanalysis
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/9792/10
/10_chapter_5.pdf
1967
65
ProvidingenvironmentalurbanservicestothepoorinAndhraPradesh:Developingstrategic
decisionmaking
LesleyDove,SAGEPublications,2004
66
Suitabilityanalysis
UniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaign
33
S.No.
References
67
LandsuitabilityanalysisfortheupperGilaRiverWatershed
Sources
FrederickSteiner,LaurelMcSherry,JillCohen;SchoolofPlanningand
LandscapeArchitecture,ArizonaStateUniversity,LandscapeandUrban
Planning,2000
68
Carryingcapacitybasedregionalplanning
NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA),InstituteforHousingand
UrbanDevelopmentStudiesRotterdam,1997
69
TheecologicalfootprintanalysisforassessingcarryingcapacityofindustrialzoneinSemarang
SudantiBudihardjo,SudhartoP.Hadi,SutiknoSutikno,
PurwantoPurwanto,JournalofHumanResourceandSustainability
Studies,2013,1,1420
70
ThecarryingcapacityassessmentframeworkforubiquitousecologicalcitiesInKorea
SangheonLee,KyushikOh,SeunghyunJung;DepartmentofUrban
Planning,HanyangUniversity.
71
Ecologicallysoundurbandevelopment
GuidelinesforHumanSettlementPlanningandDesign,
http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/RedBook/Vol_I/Chapter_05/C
hapter_05_08/Chapter_05_08_02_Vol_I.pdf
72
Carryingcapacity:AnapproachtolocalspatialplanninginIndonesia
HenningSchroll,JanAndersen,BenteKjrgrd,TheJournalof
TransdisciplinaryEnvironmentalStudies,Vol.11,no.1,2012
73
Determiningsustainabledevelopmentdensityusingtheurbancarryingcapacityassessment
system
KyushikOh,YeunwooJeong,DongkunLee,WangkeyLee;Centrefor
AdvancedSpatialAnalysis,UniversityCollegeLondon,2004
74
Defining,measuringandevaluatingcarryingcapacityinEuropeantourismdestinations
EnvironmentalPlanningLaboratoryoftheUniversityoftheAegean,
Greece,2001
ActsandPolicies(referredoverallintheGuidelines)
75
BiharUrbanLocalBody(CommunityParticipation)Rules,2013
GovernmentofBihar
76
TheBiharMunicipal(Amendment)Act,2011
http://egazette.bih.nic.in
78
ModelMunicipalLawofIndia,2003
79
BiharUrbanPlanningAndDevelopmentAct,2012
GovernmentofBihar
80
DraftNationalLandReformsPolicy,2013
DepartmentofLandResources,MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
81
GuidelinesforAffordableHousinginPartnership,2009
82
TheNationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoardAct,1985
MinistryofLawandJustice(MoL&J)
83
TheDraftNationalLandAcquisitionandRehabilitationandResettlementBill,2011
84
TownPlanningEffortsinGujarat
TownPlanning&ValuationDepartment,Gujarat
85
ModelUrbanandRegionalPlanningandDevelopmentLaw(revised)
86
PolicyonAirportInfrastructure,2011
MinistryofCivilAviation(MoCA)
87
88
EnhancingPublicParticipationthroughEffectiveFunctioningofAreaSabhas,2010
34
S.No.
References
IndustrialPlanning/Schemes(majorlyreferredinChapter5ofVolI&Chapter6ofVol.IIA)
Sources
89
GuidelinesOfTheMegaLeatherClusterScheme
www.leatherindia.org/
90
GuidelinesoftheComprehensiveHandloomClusterDevelopmentScheme(CHCDS)Mega
HandloomCluster
www.handlooms.nic.in
91
IndustrialParkScheme20022006
DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP)
92
Notification:LeatherClusterScheme,20March2012
93
PolicyResolutionforPromotionofPetroleum,ChemicalsandPetrochemicalInvestmentRegions
(PCPIRs)
www.chemicals.nic.in/PCPIRPolicy.pdf
94
IndustrialPolicy
95
NorthEastIndustrialandInvestmentPromotionPolicy(NEIIPP),2007
Industrial(ReferredinSection5.5.3)
96
SustainableCulturalTourisminHistoricTownsandCities
CouncilofEurope
97
MasterPlan2031Noida
98
DraftDevelopmentPlanofGujaratPetroleum,Chemical&PetrochemicalSpecialInvestment
RegionalDevelopmentAuthority(GPCPSIRDA)Vol:1,2
MottMacDonald
GoodGovernance(ReferredforSection3.4)
99
eGovernance:TheSingapore
InstituteofPolicyStudiesandInfocommDevelopmentAuthority,
Singapore
100
DigitalStrategy
CityofVancouver
101
TheGoodGovernanceStandardforPublicServices
IndependentCommissiononGoodGovernanaceinpublicservices
London
102
eGovernanceinSingaporeASwotandPestAnalysis
HuongHaandKenCoghill,MonashUniversity,Australia
SocialInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.4)
DifferentlyAbled
103
ThePersonswithDisabilities(EqualOpportunities,ProtectionofRightsandFullParticipation)
Act,1995
MinistryofLawandJustice(MoL&J)
Education
104
DraftGuidelinesforWholeSchoolDevelopmentPlanningUnderSarvaShikshaAbhiyan(SSA),
March2010
http://ssa.nic.in/infrastructureprovisiondoc/20threviewmeetingof
stateprojectengineerscivilworks/Annexure2%20B.pdf
105
Aschemeofuniversalisationofaccesstoandimprovementofqualityatthesecondaryandhigher
secondarystage.
RashtriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan(RMSA),
http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/India/India_Scheme_secondary_
education.pdf
35
S.No.
References
Healthcare
Sources
106
GuidelinesforDistrictHospitals(101to500bedded)
IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS)
107
GuidelinesforPrimaryHealthCentres
108
GuidelinesforSubdistrict/Subdivisionalhospitals(31to100bedded)
CommercialActivity(ReferredinSection8.5)
Mandis
109
WorkingGrouponAgricultureMarketingInfrastructureandPolicyRequiredForInternaland
ExternalTrade,XIFiveYearPlan20072012
PlanningCommission
110
NationalLivestockPolicy,2013
MinistryofAgriculture(MoA)
Environment(ReferredinChapter6ofVol.IandChapter7ofVol.IIA)
111
PoliciesandlegislationsrelatedtowaterqualitymanagementinIndia
CentralPollutionControlBoard,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
112
EnvironmentallegislationinIndia
CentralPollutionControlBoard,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
113
ManualonnormsandstandardsforEnvironmentClearanceoflargeconstructionprojects
114
ClimateproofingGuwahati,AssamCityresilienceandmainstreamingplan
TERI,ACCCRNandTheRockefellerFoundation,2013
115
Toolsformainstreamingdisasterriskreduction
CharlotteBensonandJohnTwiggwithTizianaRossetto,
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1066_toolsformainstreamingDRR.p
df
116
BiologicalDisastersManagementGuidelines,2008
117
CyclonesManagementGuidelinesM
118
GuidelinesonEarthquakesManagementM
119
HandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefenceandSisterOrganisationsII
120
HandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefenceandSisterOrganisationsI
121
IncidentResponseSystemGuidelines,2010
122
LandslidesSnowAvalanchesGuidelinesM
123
ManagementofNuclear&RadiologicalEmergenciesN
124
ManagementUrbanFloodingGuidelinesM
125
PsychoSocialSupportGuidelinesN
126
GuidelineforScalingandTrainingofFireServicesM
127
GuidelinesManagementofTsunamisM
36
S.No.
References
128
DroughtguidelinesM
129
EnergyefficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings
www.urbanindia.nic.in
130
MunicipalSolidWaste(Management&Handling)Rules,2000
131
ParametersfortheNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat(NMSH)ReportoftheSub
CommitteeonUrbanTransport
132
ReportoftheSubCommitteeOnDevelopmentofSustainableHabitatParametersintheFieldof
UrbanPlanning
133
ReportofSubcommitteeforDevelopmentofNationalSustainableHabitatParametersonUrban
StormwaterManagement
134
ReportoftheCommitteesetuptoframeNationalSustainableHabitatStandardsfortheUrban
WaterSupplyandSeweragesector
135
EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentNotification,2006
136
BufferZonesandtheirManagement
ArthurEbregt,PolDeGreve,InternationalAgriculturalCentre,JB&A
GrafischeCommunicatie,2000
137
ConservationofHeritageSitesIncludingHeritageBuildings,HeritagePrecinctsAndNatural
FeatureAreasModelBuildingByelaws
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MinistryofUrban
Development(MoUD)
138
DevelopmentCodePertainingToResidentialandNonResidentialPremisesModelBuildingBye
laws
TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MinistryofUrban
Development(MoUD)
139
GuidelinesforEcotourisminandAroundProtectedAreas,2011
140
GuidelinesforLinearInfrastructureIntrusionsinNaturalAreas:RoadsandPowerlines
NationalBoardforWildlife,MinistryofEnvironmentandForests
141
SiteConsiderationsofNuclearPowerPlantsforOffSiteEmergencyPreparedness,2005
AtomicEnergyRegulatoryBoard(AERB)
142
DraftRegulationFrameworkforWetlandsConservationforComments,2010
MinistryofEnvironment&Forest
DecentralisedInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.3)
143
ImprovingWaterandSanitationServiceDeliveryinIndiaLessonsfromaNationalWorkshop
onServiceLevelBenchmarking,2009
WaterandSanitationProgram(WSP)
144
DraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2031PuriKonarkDevelopmentAuthority(PKDA)
Area,2013
TheCentreforExcellenceinPostalTechnology(CEPT)
145
UrbanWaterManagementthroughDecentralisedWastewaterTreatment
ConsortiumforDEWATSDisseminationSociety
DataonFinancial(Referredinsection3.3)
146
TwelfthFiveYearPlan(20122017)VolumeII
PlanningCommission
147
HandBookonMunicipalFinancialAccountability,2008
CentreforGoodGovernance(CGG)
148
MunicipalFinanceImprovementProgramme,2007
Sources
37
S.No.
References
149
LandasaMunicipalFinancingOption:APilotStudyfromIndia
Sources
KalaSeetharamSridharandA.VenugopalaReddy,PublicAffairsCentre,
2009
150
MunicipalRevenue
ModelMunicipalLawMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
151
NationalMunicipalAccountsManual,2004
152
FinancingMunicipalServicesReachingouttoCapitalMarkets
OmPrakashMathur,SanjuktaRay,NationalInstituteofPublicFinance
Policy(NIPFP),2003
153
UrbanisationbeyondMunicipalBoundariesNurturingMetropolitanEconomiesandConnecting
PeriUrbanAreasinIndia
TheWorldBank,2013
154
ReportoftheCommitteeonPricingandTaxationofPetroleumProducts,2006
EconomicAdvisoryCounciltothePrimeMinister(PMEAC)
155
AccountingandClassificationofGrantsinaidIndianGovernmentAccountingStandard(IGAS)2,
2007
GovernmentAccountingStandardsAdvisoryBoard(GASAB)
156
Implementationofthe74thConstitutionalAmendmentandIntegrationofCityPlanningand
DeliveryFunctionsStateLevelReform
157
AnalysingtheFinancesofUrbanLocalBodiesInIndia:ACrossSectionalStudy
InstituteofPublicEnterprise
158
CommitteeonPricingandTaxationofPetroleumProducts
www.petroleum.nic.in
159
NationalMunicipalAccountingTrainingManualForElectedRepresentativesandTop
Management
160
RevenueSourcesforLocalGovernment:BritishColumbia,Canada
http://www.thinkcity.ca/node/289
161
FinancingtheUrbanExpansioninTanzania
TheWorldBank
InternationalDocuments
Netherland
162
ParticipationNetherland
MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,Netherland
163
TheNetherlandsSpatialPlanningDoctrineinDisarrayinthe21stCentury
PetraHRoodbolMekkes,ArnoldJJvanderValk,WillemKKorthalsAltes,
EnvironmentandPlanningA2012,volume44,pages377395
164
GuidanceforHarvestingParticipationResults
CentreforPublicParticipation
165
GuidanceforStakeholdersAnalysis
CentreforPublicParticipation
166
RANDSTAD2040SummaryofStructuralVision,2008
MinistryofHousing,SpatialPlanningandtheEnvironment
167
SummaryNationalPolicyStrategyforInfrastructureandSpatialPlanning
MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,Netherland
UK
168
PlanningPolicyStatement12:CreatingStrongSafeandProsperousCommunitiesthroughLocal
SpatialPlanning
TheStationaryOffice(TSO),2008
169
PlanningPolicyStatement3:Housing
TheStationaryOffice(TSO),2011
38
S.No.
References
Others
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170
CompactCityandDensificationStrategiesTheCaseofGothenburg
ValentinaCereda,BlekingeTekniskaHgskola,2009
171
MainstreamingDisasterRiskReductioninSubnationalDevelopmentLandUse/Physical
PlanninginPhilippines
NationalEconomicandDevelopmentAuthority,UnitedNations
DevelopmentProgrammeandEuropeanCommissionHumanitarianAid
172
PlanningintheUSA,Policies,IssuesandProcesses
BarryCullingworth,RogerW.Caves,TaylorandFrancisGroup,1997
173
Planning,Connecting,andFinancingCitiesNow,2013
TheWorldBank
174
AStrategicPolicyGuideforDisasterRiskManagementinEastAsiaandthePacific,2013
TheWorldBank
175
IntegratingDisasterRiskReductionintotheCCAandUNDAF.
UnitedNationDevelopmentGroup
176
UrbanLandUsePlanningSysteminJapan,2003
CityPlanningDivision,MinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransport,
Japan
UrbanGovernance(ReferredinSection3.4)
177
SuccessfulGovernanceInitiativesandBestPracticesExperiencefromIndianStates,2002
PlanningCommissionandUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
(UNDP)
178
CaseStudiesofselectedMetropolitanAreas,2013
B.N.Singh,KusumLata
179
LandbasedResourceMobilisationforUrbanDevelopmentSomeOptionsforandExperiencesof
ULBsinIndia
RamakrishnaNallathiga,
http://www.cgg.gov.in/workingpapers/LandbasedResourceMobilisationf
orUrbanDevelopmentrevised.pdf
180
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanGovernanceforTwelfthFiveYearPlan
PlanningCommission
181
ProposedAmendmentinTownandCountryPlanningLegislations,RegulationsforLandUse
Zoning,AdditionalProvisionsinDevelopmentControlRegulationsforSafetyandAdditional
ProvisioninBuildingRegulations/ByelawsforStructuralSafetyinNaturalHazardZonesof
India
182
FinancingUrbanInfrastructure:SomeInnovativePracticesofLocalResourceMobilisation,2006
CentreforGoodGovernance(CGG)WorkingPaper
183
CateringToAMetropolitanAreaVision2021
184
NationalSeminaronUrbanGovernanceintheContextofJawaharlalNehruNationalUrban
RenewalMission
185
CitizensRightToGrievanceRedressBill,2011
www.prsindia.org
GIS&Mapping(ReferredinSection7.7)
186
GatewaytoIndianEarthObservationDataproducts&services
187
ManualforThematicMappingUsingHighResolutionSatelliteDataandGeospatialTechniques.
188
GuidelinesforGISMapping,MISdevelopmentandIntegrationofGISwithMISRajivAwas
Yojana
189
ActivityCentreZoneMappingStyleGuideGuidelinesforproducingframeworkplansand
39
S.No.
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PrecinctMapsfortheActivityCentreZone
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190
PreparationofLandCoverDatabasethroughRemoteSensingandGISPilotStudyinBulgaria
FoodandAgricultureOrganisation(FAO)
191
NationalUrbanInformationSystem(NUIS)Design&Standards
192
FundamentalsofGISEmphasizingGISUseforNaturalResourceManagement
DavidP.Lusch,DepartmentofGeography,MichiganStateUniversity,
1999
193
GISforSustainableDevelopment
CRCPress,TaylorandFrancisGroup,2006
194
LandSuitabilityAnalysisUserGuide,2006
NCCentreForGeographicInformationandAnalysis,2005
195
ApplicationofSatelliteImageryandGISinthePreparationofDevelopmentPlans:ACaseStudy
forTirupatiRegion,2002
ShirleyBallaneyandBinduNair,MapAsia,2003
196
TechnicalPaperon:"RemoteSensinganditsapplication"
http://www.academia.edu/4446783/vishwesh_2
197
RemoteSensingandGISApplicationArea
198
OneStepVersatileWebBasedEarthObservationDataProductsandServices
PhysicalInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.3)
199
ManualonOperationandMaintenanceofWaterSupplySystems
CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
200
ManualonWaterSupplyandTreatment(ThirdEdition)
(CPHEEO)
201
AdvisoryonTariffStructureforUrbanWaterSupplyandSewerageServices
(CPHEEO)
202
AdvisoryonConservationandRestorationofWaterBodiesinUrbanAreas
(CPHEEO)
203
AdvisoryonSeptageManagementinIndianCities:PreparationandImplementationofaSeptage
ManagementsubPlan(SMP)asapartoftheCitySanitationPlan(CSP)
204
ToolkitforPublicPrivatePartnershipframeworksinMunicipalSolidWasteManagement
VolumeIVBaselineStatusofMSWMinSatelliteTowns
ICRAManagementConsultingServicesLimited/AsianDevelopment
Bank(ADB)
205
VolumeIOverviewandProcess
Bank(ADB)
206
VolumeIICasestudiesofPPPProjects
Bank(ADB)
207
VolumeIIIModelPPPTemplatesandDocumentationPrepared
Bank(ADB)
208
GuidelinesforPreparationofDetailedProjectReportsandselectionoftechnologiesfor
processingandfinaldisposalofmunicipalsolidwasteusing12thFinanceCommissionGrants
www.jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in
40
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Aguidetoprojectpreparation,implementationandappraisal
210
RecentTrendsinTechnologiesinSewerageSystem
211
ReportoftheTechnologyAdvisoryGrouponSolidWasteManagement
212
TechnologyAdvisorygrouponSolidWasteManagement
213
InterMinisterialTaskForceonIntegratedPlantNutrientManagement,2005
214
ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatmentFinalDraft
(CPHEEO)
215
ListofManuals/Advisories/GuidelinesonWaterSupplyandSanitationSector
216
ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatmentSystemPartA:Engineering
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)/JapanInternational
CooperationAgency(JICA)
217
SafetyandElectricitySupplyRegulation,2010
CentralElectricalAuthority(CEA)
218
TheIndianElectricityRules,1956
CentralElectricityBoard
219
AsianGreenCityIndex
EconomistIntelligenceUnit
220
LandfillGasManagementFacilitiesDesignGuidelines
BritishColumbia,MinistryofEnvironment
221
DefenceEstates(ReferredinSection5.7)
222
Empoweringandstrengtheninglocalselfgovernmentincantonments,2011
NationalCommissiontoReviewtheWorkingoftheConstitution
223
TheCantonmentPropertyRules,1925
www.dgde.gov.in
224
WorksofDefenceAct,1903
MinistryofDefence,DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates
SlumDevelopment(majorlyreferredforSection2.2.5)
225
GuidelinesforPreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofActionRajivAwasYojana(RAY),20122022 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
226
PreparationofDetailedProjectReport(Module5)RajivAwasYojana
MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoH&UPA)
227
RajivAwasYojana(RAY)Guidelines2013
GreaterHyderabadBiodiversityIndex(ReferredinSection6.3andAppendixE)
228
GlimpsesofBiodiversityofGreaterHyderabad
GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation
229
GreaterHyderabadCityBiodiversityIndex,2012
GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation
CompactCity(ReferredinSection5.4.2)
230
DealingwithsustainabilitytradeoffsofthecompactcityinperiurbanplanningacrossEuropean
cityregions
J.(Judith)Westerink,D.(Dagmar)Haase,A.(Annette)Bauer,J.(Joe)
Ravetz,F.(Franoise)Jarrige,C.B.E.M.(Carmen)Aalbers,European
PlanningStudies,2012
Redevelopment(ReferredinSection5.5)
231
RedevelopmentofEastKidwaiNagar,NewDelhi
NationalBuildingConstructionCorporationLtd.(NBCC)
Sources
41
S.No.
References
Legislation&Volume2
Sources
232
StrategicPlanofMinistryofUrbanDevelopmentfor20112016
DevelopmentControlRules(ReferredinChapter9)
233
IS14243IndianstandardselectionanddevelopmentofsiteforbuildinginHillareasGuidelines
MicrozonationofHillyAreas(Part1and2)
234
ProposedAmendmentsPertainingtoSafetyagainstNaturalHazardsinTownandCountry
PlanningActs,DevelopmentControlRegulationsandBuildingByeLaws
235
BangaloreMasterPlan,2015Zoningoflanduseandregulations
BangaloreDevelopmentAuthority(BDA)
236
DevelopmentControlRegulationsforGreaterBombay,1991
237
SecondMasterPlanforChennaiMetropolitanArea,2026
ChennaiMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(CMDA)
238
JaipurMasterPlan,2025
JaipurDevelopmentAuthority(JDA)
239
JammuDCR,2010
HousingandUrbanDevelopmentDepartment
240
AizawlMasterPlan,2030
UrbanDevelopment&PovertyAlleviation
241
DehradunMasterPlan,200525
NagarAyamGramNiyojanVibhag
242
OotyMasterPlan
UdhagamandalamMunicipality
243
GeneralDevelopmentControlRegulationsforNaviMumbai1975
CityandIndustrialDevelopmentCorporation(CIDCO)
244
ShimlaHeritageReport
TownandCountryPlanningDepartment(TCPD),HP
245
InterimDevelopmentPlanForShimlaPlanningAreaandamendments
TownandcountryPlanning,Shimla
246
StudyonZoningRegulations
247
NayaRaipurDevelopmentPlan2031
248
ThesisDocumentonEvolvingModelDynamicDevelopmentCodeforDelhi
249
TransitOrientedDevelopmentPolicynormsandGuidelines,2012
250
ReportofthesubcommitteefordevelopmentofNationalSustainableHabitatParametersfor
EnergyEfficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings
www.wbcsd.org
251
Density,F.A.RandInfrastructureStudy,Delhi
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture(SPA)
252
DevelopmentControlRegulationsforMumbaiMetropolitanRegion,1999
MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
MixedUse(MajorlyreferredinChapter5&9)
253
OtherNationalandInternationalstudies
DocumentssuggestedbySPA
254
AMixedUseHighRise:Mumbai
RemakingofMumbaiFederation
255
CommercialandMixedUseDevelopment:CodeHandBook
OregonsDepartmentofTransportation(ODOT)andDepartmentofLand
ConservationandDevelopment(DLCD)
42
S.No.
References
256
Chapter2:DensityandMixedUses
TransitOrientedDevelopmentGuidelines,Marta
257
GuidelinesforHighRiseBuildings
258
MixedUseDevelopmentanUrbanDesignApproachtoCitiesinDevelopingCountries
CalebSackey,DepartmentofArchitecture,KwameNkrumahUniversityof
ScienceandTechnology,2009
259
MixedUseDevelopment:AReviewofProfessionalLiterature
TheNationalAssociationofIndustrialandOfficePropertiesResearch
Foundation
260
TheUrbanSocialPatternofNaviMumbai,India
MalathiAnanthakrishnan,1998,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandState
University
261
AlternativeApproachtoMasterPlan,2009
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture
262
WorkingpaperonCompactCitiesPromoteLandUseandSpatialPlanningforEfficientUrban
Growth
EMBARQ,India
CensusData(Referredinsection1.2)
263
PopulationProjectionsforIndiaandStates20012006
OfficeofRegistrarGeneral&CensusCommissioner
DatafromTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
264
SustainableDevelopment
265
GuidelinesforEnergyEfficiencyStreetLighting
USAID,India
266
UrbanTransport,DraftReporttotheSubCommitteeoftheNationalDevelopmentCouncil(NDC) CentreofExcellenceinUrbanTransport,CEPTUniversity,Ahmedabad
onUrbanization
267
StreamliningProceduresforClearanceofBuildingProjects
268
DevelopingNormsandProvisionsforRuralSchoolsinIndia
269
TheRajasthanUrbanImprovement(Amendment)Bill,2010
270
RajasthanUrbanImprovementAct,1959
271
BaselineStudyShimla,2008
GTZ
272
BangaloreMetropolitanRegion(BMR)StructuralPlan
BangaloreMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
273
StrategyPaperonMasterPlanFormulation,InclusivePlanning,PrioritizationforHousingand
PedestrianMovement
Town&CountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
274
GuidetoPreliminaryPlanningSurveysforSmall,MediumSizeTown
275
HyderabadMasterPlan2011
HyderabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
276
InsidetheTransformingUrbanAsia:Process,PoliciesandPublicAction
DarshiniMahadevia,ConceptPublishingCompany
277
LearningfromInformalMarkets:InnovatingApproachestoLandandHousingProvision
ErhardBerner,DevelopmentinPractice,VolumeII,November2&3,May
2001
278
Planningnorms,BuildingByelaws,TrafficStructure,LandAssembleandResourceMobilisation
Sources
43
S.No.
References
279
NationalworkshoponIntegratingtheConcernofPoorinUrbanPlanningandGovernance
Sources
InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelopment
280
PartnershipforSustainabilityandIntegratedLandUseandTransportPlanning
DepartmentofTransport,PlanningandLocalInfrastructure,Victoria
281
EngagingthePublicandPrivateSectors
PrecinctStructurePlanningGuidelines,GrowthAreasAuthority
282
ConferenceonUrbanDevelopmentPlanFormulation&Implementation(UDPFI)Guidelines
283
RingwoodCentralActivitiesArea
TheVictorianGovernment,MaroondahCityCouncil
284
SalientFeaturesofConservationAreas
HyderabadMasterPlan,2011
285
TheMetropolitanPlanningStrategy
MetropolitanPlanningStrategyProjectTeam,Victoria
286
VictorianStateGovernmentCabinet
DepartmentofPlanningandCommunityDevelopment,Victoria
287
DraftPlanningProposalReportSpecialPlanning
LAVASA,SpecialPlanningAuthority
288
PlanDevelopmentforMetropolitanRegion
IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration(IIPA)
289
TheEmergingSpatialContextforSocioEconomicDevelopmentinIndia,2013
TownPlanningGuidelinesNormsforvariousAmenities(ReferredinSection8.4)
290
GuidingNormsforTownPlanningforVariousAmenities
291
OutcomereportoftheBrainstormingsessionswithStateUrbanDevelopmentDepartments,
TownPlanningDepartmentsandSchoolofPlanning
292
CensusReportfromTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)2011
293
ModelRegulationforHeritageBuildings,HeritagePrecinctsandNaturalFeatureAreas
294
LatestULBMasterPlanStatus
295
ReportonOperationalizingMPCsTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)MUT2012
296
ReportonNorms&SpaceStandardsForPlanningOfPublicSectorProjectTowns
TownandCountryPlanningorganisation
297
TheTownPlanningMechanisminGujarat,India
WorldBank
CitywiseCDP(MajorlyreferredinChapter2and5)
298
VadodaraCDP
299
AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanAhmedabad
300
RevisedCityDevelopmentPlanforBangalore
301
RevisedCityDevelopmentPlanforBangalore2009
302
Indore:CityDevelopmentPlanandCityLevelReformAgenda:AnAppraisalReport
NationalInstituteofPublicFinancePolicy(NIPFP)
303
Indore:CityDevelopmentPlan
IndoreMunicipalCorporation
304
Mumbai:CityDevelopmentPlan(CDP)
305
AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanRaipur
NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs
44
S.No.
References
306
SecondGenerationCDPforRajkotMunicipalCorporationandRajkotUrbanDevelopment
Authority(RUDA)
RajkotMunicipalCorporation
307
AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanRajkot
308
AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanSurat
309
CityAssessment
ThaneMunicipalCorporationCityDevelopment
310
AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanVadodara
311
CityDevelopmentPlan,Chandigarh
312
CityDevelopmentPlan,Delhi
313
CityDevelopmentPlan,Sanand
https://www.google.co.in/webhp?tab=ww&ei=JEJXU_HoLojUrQeKq4DgD
g&ved=0CBQQ1S4#newwindow=1&q=cdp+sanand&safe=active
314
CityDevelopmentPlan,Kolhapur
http://www.kolhapurcorporation.gov.in/pdf/City_Development_Plan.pdf
315
CityDevelopmentPlan,Pune
http://www.punecorporation.org/pmcwebn/informpdf/cddp/cdp2.pdf
316
CityDevelopmentPlan,Hyderabad
HeritageReligiousTourismCities(ReferredinSection5.5.4)
317
RevisedGuidelinesofSchemesProduct/InfrastructureDevelopmentforDestinationsand
Circuits
http://www.tourism.gov.in/Uploaded/Guideline/020920111052953.pdf
318
GuidelinesforSustainableCulturalTourisminHistoricTownsandCities
HistoricTownsandRegions,EuropeanAssociation
319
JammuMasterPlan,2021
GovernmentofJammuandKashmir
320
FinalReporton20YearPerspectivePlanfordevelopmentofSustainableTourisminKarnataka
MottMacDonald
321
MasterPlan2025JaipurRegion
JaipurDevelopmentAuthority(JDA)
322
NationalTourismPolicy,2002
MinistryofTourismandCulture
323
GlobalReportonCityTourism,2012
WorldTourismOrganization
324
ResultsFrameworkDocument,201314
MinistryofCulture
OtherPlans(MajorlyreferredinChapter5and9)
325
LavasaDraftPlanningProposal
LavasaSpecialPlanningAuthority
326
ChandigarhMasterPlan,2031
ChandigarhAdministration
327
BhopalDevelopmentPlan,2005
GovernmentofMadhyaPradesh
328
HimachalPradeshNagar&GraamYojanaVibhag,2002
HimachalPradeshGovernment
329
HimachalPradeshNagar&GraamYojanaVibhag,2011
HimachalPradeshGovernment
330
InterimDevelopmentPlanforShimlaPlanningArea,1979
GovernmentofHimachalPradesh,TownandCountryPlanning
Organisation
Sources
45
S.No.
References
331
ListoftownsforwhichMasterPlanshavebeenprepared(Odisha)
Sources
GovernmentofOdisha
332
AttributeDataintheGISforMasterPlan
GovernmentofOdisha
333
ManualforCadastralLevelUrbanLISGenerationasinputforCDPPreparation
GovernmentofOdisha
334
OdishaDevelopmentAuthoritiesManual
GovernmentofOdisha
OldCity(ReferredinChapter5)
335
NandedCityDevelopmentPlan
NandedWaghalaCityMunicipalCorporation
336
RegenerationandRenewalofOldDelhi(Shahjanabad)
ArticlebyA.K.Jain,ITPIJournal,1:2(2004)2938,
337
DevelopmentPlanforKochiCityRegion2031
DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKerala
338
RegeneratingaGreatCity:Salford'sNeighbourhoodRenewalStrategy
SalfordPartnership,AlphaBolton,
339
DraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2021
AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
340
ConceptualPlanforUrbanRenewalandRedevelopmentofSuratoldcity,2013
SuratMunicipalCorporation
SportCity(ReferredinChapter5)
341
DubaiSportsCity
http://www.dubaisportscity.ae/articledisplay.asp?id=17
PortCities(ReferredinSection5.5.5)
342
TransitionalSpatialStructuresandHousingDevelopmentinPeripheralShanghai
JinghuanHe,ArchitectureFaculty,DelftUniversityofTechnology,The4th
InternationalConferenceoftheInternationalForumonUrbanism(IFoU)
2009,Amsterdam
343
PresentationtoCityofShanghaiUrbanPlanningandLandResourcesVisitors
ProfessorRobWassmer,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramento,2011
344
SustainableDevelopmentofShanghaiIndustry
WUJINSONG,KitakyushuInitiativeSeminaronIndustrialRelocation,
2003
345
VisakhapatnamMasterPlanfor2021
VisakhapatnamUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
346
DetailedConceptPlanforMundraPortCity,2011
MottMacDonald
SmartCities(ReferredinSection5.4.3)
347
Smart/IntelligentGridDevelopmentandDeploymentinThailand
WorldAllianceforThaiDecentralisedEnergy(WADEThai),Thailand,
2010
348
SmartGridInitiativeandRoadmapInThailand,2012
WeerachaiKoykul,ProvincialElectricityAuthority
349
RoadmapDevelopmentSmartCommunity
MottMacDonald
350
SmartGridDevelopmentPolicyinIndonesia,2013
CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffars
351
TechnologyRoadmap:SmartGrids,2011
InternationalEnergyAgency
352
CitySanitationPlans(ReferredforSection2.2.5)
353
DraftCitySanitationPlansforDewasJanuary2011
DewasMunicipalCorporation
46
S.No.
References
354
CitySanitationPlanNagpur,2011
NagpurMunicipalCorporation
355
TheRegularizationofStreetVendinginBhubaneshwar,India:APolicyModel,2012
RandhirKumar,WomeninInformalEmploymentGlobalizingand
OrganizingWIEGOPolicyBrief(UrbanPolicies)
RegionalPlanning(MajorlyreferredinChapter4)
356
PerspectivePlanDMICDC,2009
ScottWilsonIndiaPvt.Ltd.
357
RegionalPlan2021NationalCapitalRegion
NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard
358
RegionalPlan2001NationalCapitalRegion
NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard
359
MumbaiMetropolitanRegion(MMR)Plan
MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority(MMRDA)
360
RegionalPlanningSystemandGoaApproach
GovernmentofGoa
361
DraftRegionalPlanforGoa2021
GovernmentofGoa
362
TheKeralaTownandCountryPlanningOrdinance2013
GovernmentofKerala
363
TODExperienceHyderabad
HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority
364
RegionalGrowth,RegionalPolicyandInclusiveDevelopment:SomeobservationsonIndias
Experience
RaviSrivastava,JNU;http://www.ipc
undp.org/conference/workshop_ig/ppt/territorial_development/03
Ravi_Srivastava_IPC_Brazil_Presentation.pdf
365
DistrictUrbanisationReportThiruvananthapuram,January2011
366
DistrictSpatialPlanThrissur,January2011
367
StateUrbanisationReportKerala,March2012
368
ThiruvananthapuramMasterPlan(Draft)November2012
ThiruvananthapuramCorporation,DepartmentofTownandCountry
Planning,GovernmentofKerala
369
DraftIntegratedDistrictDevelopmentPlanKollamCinciseReportVolumeIII,June2009
DistrictPlanningCommittee,LocalGovernments,SpecialTechnical
AdvisoryCommitteeKollam,DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,
GovernmentofKerala
370
KeralaGazetteExtraordinaryGovernmentofKeralaLaw(LegislationC)Department,2013
GovernmentofKerala
MediCity(ReferredforSection5.6.3)
371
TheFutureofMedicalCitiesandTheirRoleinMedicalTourism
MedicalTourismMagazine
372
GlobalizationofHealthCareandMedicalTourism:ACaseStudyFromOman
Dr.RajeevAravindhakshan,www.asiabiotech.com,Vol14,Nov2010
373
CaseStudyonHyderabadCity
Indmedica
374
Healthcare,2007
IndianBrandEquityFoundation(IBEF)
375
MedicalTourism:AnAnalysiswithSpecialReferencetoIndia
JournalofHospitalityApplicationandResearch(JOHAR)
376
NarayanaHospitalsHealthcity,Bangalore
www.indiahospitaltour.com
Sources
47
S.No.
References
377
CaseStudiesinDesignExcellenceforMidSizedUrban/InnerSuburbanMedicalCenters
Sources
AECOM
378
PlanningNormsforHealthInfrastructureA.K.Jain
www.helpageindia.org
GreenZones(MajorlyreferredinSection5.4.1)
379
IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)GreenTownships
380
IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)GreenSEZRatingSystem
381
TurningBrownfieldsintoGreenSpaceintheCityofToronto
ChristopherA.DeSousa,LandscapeandUrbanPlanning62(2003)181
198
382
FinalityinBrownfieldsRemediationandReuse
JoelB.Eisen,UniversityofRichmondSchoolofLaw,2011
383
GreenRemediation:IncorporatingSustainableEnvironmentalPracticesintoRemediationof
ContaminatedSites
U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyOfficeofSolidWasteand
EmergencyResponse
384
GreenCityGuidelines
UCDUrbanInstituteIreland
385
ReviewoftheUrbanSectorStrategy
AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
MinistryofShipping(ReferredinSection5.5.5)
386
TheDockWorkers(RegulationofEmployment)Act,1948
MinistryofShipping
387
TheIndianPortAct,1908
MinistryofShipping
388
TheMajorPortTrustsAct,1963
MinistryofShipping
PlanningCommissionReports(ReferredinChapters1,2&5)
389
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning
390
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanGovernment12thFiveYearPlan(20122017)
TheChairmanshipofSecretary(UD)TheplanningCommission
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentDataChecklist(ReferredoverallinGuidelines)
343
GuidelinesforTwinningofCities
344
HazardousSubstanceManagementRules,2008
345
TheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981
346
SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission,SixthReport,LocalGovernance
DepartmentofAdministrativeReforms&PublicGrievances,Ministryof
Personnel,PublicGrievancesandPensions
347
GuidelinesforUndertakingProjectsAttractingCoastalRegulationZoneNotification,1991
348
HazardousWaste(Management,Handling&Transboundary)Rules,2008
349
NoisePollutionNorms
350
TheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act&RulesofWaterManagement
351
ImplementationofEWasteRules2011
CentralPollutionControlBoard
48
S.No.
References
352
EwasteManagementandHandlingRules
353
BioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2011
354
IndianTreasureTroveAct,1878
ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
355
IndiaUrbanCorridors
NationalAtlasandThematicMappingOrganisation(NATMO)
356
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsActAmendment2010
357
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct1958
358
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct1959
359
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsRules1957
360
TheAncientMonumentsPreservationAct,1904
361
TheAntiquitiesandArtTreasuresAct,1972
362
TheAntiquitiesandArtTreasuresRules,1973
363
TheGoaSewerageSystemandSanitationServicesManagementAct,2008
http://www.indiawaterportal.org
364
SpecialEconomicZonesGuidelines
http://www.sezindia.nic.in
365
Module4:GuidelinesforParkingMeasures:PolicyandOptions
www.stiindiauttoolkit.adb.org
366
CodeofPractice(Part2)Intersections
367
CodeofPractice(Part3)Road_Marking
368
CodeofPractice(Part4)_Signages
369
CodeofPractice(Part5)_Traffic_Calming
370
Draft1:BicycleDesignSpecificationforIndiaPublicBicycleSharing
371
Draft:ToolkitforPublicCycleSharingSystems
372
StreetDesignGuidelines
UnifiedTrafficandTransportationInfrastructure(Planning&
Engineering)Centre(UTTIPEC)
373
PeriUrban,2014
http://periurban14.org/
374
PositionPaper2ForWorkingGrouponUrbanTransportforTwelfthFiveYearPlan
AkhileshwarSahay
375
IssuesandRisksforMonorailProjectsandMetroSystems
InstituteofUrbantransport(India)
376
NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)RegionalPlan2021
NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)
377
SpecialInvestmentRegionAct2009
GovernmentofGujarat
378
12thScheduleofThe74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct(CAA)AnnexureVIII
NUISDesignandStandardsTCPOGovernmentofIndiaMOUD
379
SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission
GovernmentofIndia
380
ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning12thFiveYearPlan,October4,2011
MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation,GovernmentofIndia
Sources
49
S.No.
References
381
Sources
NationalSeminaronUrbanGovernanceintheContextofJawaharlalNehruNationalUrban
RenewalMission,2425November2006
AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA),New
Delhi
382
StudyofUniformCodingSchemeforTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
ComputerisationofLandRecords
MinistryofCommunications&InformationTechnology(MoC&IT)
383
CommitteeonStageAgrarianRelationsandUnfinishedTaskofLandReforms
384
LevelsofAchievementinLandRecordsModernisationoftheStates/UTs
385
NationalUrbanSpatialPlanning&DevelopmentGuidelinesVolumeI,IIandIII
Disasterplanning(ReferredinChapter6)
386
SeismicMicrozonationAtlasofGuwahatiRegion,2007
DepartmentofScience&Technology,GovernmentofIndia,NewDelhi
387
SeismicHazardandMicrozonationAtlasoftheSikkimHimalaya
SeismologyDivision,DepartmentofScience&Technology,Governmentof
India,NewDelhi
388
SeismicMicrozonationManual,2011
GeoscienceDivision,MinistryofEarthSciences,GovernmentofIndia,New
Delhi
389
SeismicMicrozonationHandbook,2011
GeoscienceDivision,MinistryofEarthSciences,GovernmentofIndia,New
Delhi
390
DisasterManagementandPreparednessPlan,2011
SuratMunicipalCorporation,Gujarat
CaseStudies:IntegratedTownship(ReferredinSection5.6)
391
IntegratedTownshipsinIndiaTodayandTomorrow,2013
TheHindu
392
OzoneUrbana:Bangalore'sLargestIntegratedTownship
OzoneGroup
393
BhidadiIntegratedTownship
BangaloreMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
394
MagarpattaStory:FarmersBuildingSustainableCities
SatishMagar,IndiaInternationalCentre
395
IntegratedTownshipPolicy
Housing&UrbanPlanningDepartment,GoUP
50
Table2.1: ChapterwiseBasicPlanningDefinitions
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
Chapter3:PlanFormulation
Agriculture
Includes horticulture, farming, raising of crops, fruits, vegetables, ModelRegionalandTown

flowers, grass, fodder, trees or any other kind of cultivation, dairy,
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
animal husbandry, breeding and keeping of livestock, including
cattle,horses,donkeys,mules,pigs,fish,poultryandbees;anduseof
landwhichisancillarytothefarmingoflandoranyotheragriculture
purposes,butshallnotincludetheuseoflandattachedtoabuilding
forthepurposesofagardentobeusedalongsidesuchbuilding.
Amenities
Includeroadsandstreets,openspaces,parks,recreationalgrounds, ModelRegionalandTown
playgrounds, water and electric supply, street lighting, sewerage,
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
drainage, public works and other utilities, services and
conveniences.
Development
Thecarryingoutofbuilding,engineering,miningorotheroperations ModelRegionalandTown
in, on, over or under land or the making of any material change, in
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
any building or land, or in the use of any building or land and
includessubdivisionofanyland.
Development
Plan
Aplanforthedevelopmentorredevelopmentorimprovementofan BiharUrbanPlanningand
area within the jurisdiction of a Planning Authority and includes a DevelopmentAct,2012
RegionalDevelopmentPlan,aMetropolitanDevelopmentPlan,Area
Development Plan, Town Development Plan, Zonal Development
Plan, District Development Plan, or any other plan or scheme
preparedunderrelevantActbywhatsoevernameknown.
Disposal
Discharge, deposition or dumping of any liquid or solid waste onto NationalUrbanSanitation

landorwatersothatitmayentertheenvironment.
Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
Domestic
sewage
Allformsofwastewaterderivedfromresidentialproperties,aswell NationalUrbanSanitation
as black water and grey water from commercial and institutions Policy,CitySanitation
buildings.
PlanManual
FloorSpace
Index
ThequotientortheratiooftheTotalCoveredareaofallfloorstothe BiharUrbanPlanningand
totalareaoftheplot,multipliedby100.
DevelopmentAct,2012
Infrastructure Any project, public amenity or public utility or service, which is BiharUrbanPlanningand
required for smooth, productive and efficient functioning of the DevelopmentAct,2012
Planning Area such as trunk infrastructure, access from or to the
nearest major road, bulk supply of drinking water (surface water
and ground water with trunk line), power (electric substation and
network),health,educationfacilities,transport(majorroadssuchas
national highways, state highways, major district roads, other
district roads, , bridges, bypasses and underpasses), common
effluent treatment plants (CETP), sewage treatment plant (STP),
solid waste disposal system and receptacles, communication
network, sectorial shopping markets, institutional buildings, malls
and multiplexes, cinema halls, community halls, open air theatres,
playgrounds,civicandculturalfacilities,publicparkingareasetc.
LandUse
Themajoruseforwhichalandisbeingusedonanyspecifieddate.
10
Local
Authority
Amunicipalcorporationorcommitteeorboardordistrictboardor ModelRegionalandTown
other authority legally entitled to, or entrusted by the government
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
with the control or management of a municipal or local fund or
which is permitted by the government to exercise the powers of a
localauthority,andincludesatownimprovementtrust;andalocal
authorityisaLocalAuthorityConcernedifanylandwithinitslocal
limits falls in the area of a plan prepared or to be prepared under
relevantAct.
11
Plan
The statement of proposals, policies and development briefs for BiharUrbanPlanningand

securing,promotingandregulatingdevelopmentinaPlanningArea, DevelopmentAct,2012
andincludesamapormapsorsetsofdocumentsorallofthem.
Source
BiharUrbanPlanningand
DevelopmentAct,2012
51
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
Source
12
PlanningArea A territorial unit demarcated and declared by the Government for BiharUrbanPlanningand
thepurposesofplanningunder relevantActandshallbeknownby DevelopmentAct,2012
suchnameastheGovernmentmaydecide.
13
PublicPlace
Anyplaceorbuildingwhichisopentotheuseandenjoymentofthe BiharUrbanPlanningand
publicwhetheritisactuallyusedorenjoyedbythepublicornotand DevelopmentAct,2012
whethertheentryisregulatedbyanychargeornot.
14
Residence
Includestheuseforhumanhabitationofanylandorbuildingorpart ModelRegionalandTown
thereof,theuseofgardens,grounds,garages,stablesandouthouses,
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
ifany,appertainingtosuchlandorbuilding,and"Residentialshall
beconstruedaccordingly.
15
Sanitation
Interventions(usuallyconstructionoffacilitiessuchaslatrines)that NationalUrbanSanitation
improvethemanagementofexcretaandpromotesanitary(healthy) Policy,CitySanitation
conditions.
PlanManual
16
Scheme
A Development scheme and includes a plan or plans together with ModelRegionalandTown

thedescriptivematter,ifany,relatingtosuchascheme.
Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
17
Septage
Mixture of wastewater and sludge removed from a septic tank NationalUrbanSanitation

duringcleaningoperations.
PlanManual
18
Septictank
A form of onplot sanitation for the anaerobic treatment of NationalUrbanSanitation

sewage/blackwater.
PlanManual
19
Sewage
A mixture of wastewater from all urban activates from residential, NationalUrbanSanitation

commercialproperties.Itmayalsocontainacomponentofindustrial Policy,CitySanitation
wastewater.
PlanManual
20
Sewerage
Anetworkofinterconnectedsewersinanarea,districtortown.
21
Utility
Services such as roads including approach roads, bridges, bypasses BiharUrbanPlanningand

and underpasses, street lights, water supply system, sewerage DevelopmentAct,2012
system, storm water drainage system, electrical network,
communication network, sewage treatment plants, percolation
wells, solid waste disposal system, collection, treatment, discharge
and disposal of industrial, institutional and township waste, gas
pipeline, common effluent treatment plants (CETP), spaces for
informal services, and any other as may be delineated by the
Government.
22
Wastewater
Liquid waste from households or commercial or industrial NationalUrbanSanitation

operations,alongwithanysurfacewater/stormwater.
PlanManual
23
Wastewater
treatment
A combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to NationalUrbanSanitation

remove suspended solids, dissolved pollutants, and pathogens and Policy,CitySanitation
renderthewaterharmlesstotheenvironment.
PlanManual
NationalUrbanSanitation
PlanManual
Chapter4:ResourceMobilisation
Accommodatio
nReservation
AccrualConcept Occurrence of claims and obligations in respect of incomes or

AdministrativeStaff
expenditures, assets or liabilities based on happening of any event, CollegeofIndia,(Regional
passage of time, rendering of services,fulfilment (partially or fully) CapacityBuildingHub)
of contracts, diminution in values, etc., are recorded even though
actualreceiptsorpaymentsofmoneymaynothavetakenplace.
Bilateral
Organizations
Government agencies or nonprofit organizations based in a single

countrywhiletheagenciesprovideaidinothercountries.
Biomedical
waste
anywastegeneratedduringdiagnosis,treatmentorimmunizationof
humanbeingsoranimalsorinresearchactivitiespertainingthereto
orintheproductionortestingofbiologicals.
MunicipalBill
Allowsthelandownerstodevelopthesitedreservedforanamenity
inthedevelopmentplanusingfullpermissibleFSI/FARonthe plot
subjecttoagreeingtoentrustandhandoverthebuiltupareaofsuch
amenitytothe localauthorityfreeofallencumbrancesandaccept
thefullFAR/FSIascompensationinlieutherefore.
UDPFIGuidelines
52
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
Budgetgrant
Thetotalsumenteredontheexpendituresideofabudgetestimate
under a major head and adopted by the Municipality, and includes
any sum by which such budget grant is increased or reduced by
transferfromortootherheadsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof
thisActandtherulesandtheregulationsmadethereunder.
MunicipalBill
Building
a structure constructed for whatever purpose and of whatever

materials, and includes the foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs,
chimneys, fixed platforms, verandas, balconies, cornices or
projections or part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any
wall(otherthanaboundarywalloflessthanthreemetresinheight)
enclosing,orintendedtoenclose,anyland,signoroutdoordisplay
structurebutdoesnotincludeatent,shamianaortarpaulinshelter.
MunicipalBill
Citizens
charter
The document declaring the functioning, obligations, duties and

commitmentsofapublicauthorityforprovidinggoodsandservices
effectively and efficiently with acceptable level of standards, time
limitsanddesignationofpublicservantsfordeliveryandgrievance
redress.
CitizensBill
DwellingHouse Amasonrybuildingconstructed,used,oradaptedtobeused,wholly
orprincipallyforhumanhabitation.
eGovernment
Use Information Communication Technology to organize and eGovernment:Singapore

Study
manage the government administrative processes, specifically the
interactiveproceduresbetweengovernmentandpublic.
10
FDI
Investmentbynonresidententity/personresidentoutsideIndiain
thecapitalofanIndiaeconomy.
FDICircular
11
Grantsinaid
Grantsinaidarepayments,transfersordevolutionoffunds,incash
or in kind, in the nature of donations or contributions by one
government (grantor) to another government, body, institution or
individual(grantee).
IndianGovernment
AccountingStandard
(IGAS),2007
12
Industrial
township
SuchurbanareaorpartthereofastheGovernormay,havingregard
tothesizeoftheareaandthemunicipalservicesbeingprovidedor
proposedtobeprovidedbyanindustrialestablishmentinthatarea
andsuchotherfactorsashemaydeemfit,bynotification,specifyto
beanindustrialtownship.
MunicipalBill
13
Land
"Land"includesbenefitstoariseoutofland,andthingsattachedto
theearthorpermanentlyfastenedtoanythingattachedtotheearth.
TheRighttoFair
Compensationand
TransparencyinLand
Acquisition,
Rehabilitationand
ResettlementAct,2013
14
Land
Acquisition
The acquisition of land for some public purpose by a government

agency from individual landowners as, authorised by the law, after
payingagovernmentfixedcompensationtocoverlossesincurredby
landowners from surrendering their land to the concerned
governmentagency.
Wikipedia
15
LocalBodies
Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies under the

provisionsofArticle243andArticle12oftheConstitution.
IndianGovernment
AccountingStandard
(IGAS),2007
16
Multilateral
organisations
International organisations whose membership is made up of

membergovernments,whocollectivelygoverntheorganisationand
are its primary source of funds and spend it on projects in various
countries.
17
Service
All goods and services, including functions, obligations,

responsibility or duty, to be provided or rendered by a public
authority.
CitizensBill
18
Transferable
Development
Right(TDR)
Aprocessofmakingavailablecertainamountofadditionalbuiltup BiharUrbanPlanningand
areainlieuofthearearelinquishedorsurrenderedbytheownerof DevelopmentAct,2012
thelandwhoselandorapartthereof,isrequiredforpublicpurposes
such as construction and widening of roads, development of parks,
playgrounds, green area civic amenities, recreational uses, urban
infrastructure, implementation of development control and Zoning
Regulations and conservation of heritage sites or such other
purposes as Government may notify so that he can use the extra
Source
MunicipalBill
53
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
built up area either himself or transfer it to another person for a
consideration.
Source
Chapter7:SustainabilityGuidelines
Accessibility
Theabilitytoreachdesiredgoods,servicesandactivities.
BufferZone
Buffer zones are areas created to enhance the protection of a http://www.biodiversity

az.org/areas/10/
conservation area, often peripheral to it, inside or outside. Within
Bufferzones,certainlegaland/orcustomaryrestrictionsareplaced
AZofAreasof
upon resource use and/or is managed to reduce the negative BiodiversityImportance
impactsofrestrictionsontheneighbouringcommunities
Climate
Change
A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by

usingstatisticaltests)bychangesinthemeanand/orthevariability
of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically
decadesorlonger.
GlobalWarmingPolicy
Foundation,IPCC
CoastalArea/ Thecoastisauniqueenvironmentwhereland,seaandatmosphere
Zone
interactandinterplaycontinuouslyinfluencingastripofspatialzone
definedascoastalarea/zone.
CoastalZonesofIndia,
ISRO,2012
MinistryofUrban
Development,2008
Coastalarea/zonesaretheareashavingtheinfluenceofbothmarine
andterrestrialprocesses.
Deforestation The direct humaninduced conversion of forested land to non http://www.cbd.int/doc/

forestedland.
publications/cbdts43
en.pdf
UNFCCCMarrakech
Accords
Disaster
A catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, TheDisasterManagement

arising from natural or manmade cause, or by accident or Act,MinistryofLawand
Justice,2005
negligencewhichresultsinsubstantiallossoflifeorhumansuffering
or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or
destructionof,environment,andisofsuchanatureormagnitudeas
to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected
area.
Disaster
Management
Ecological
Sanitation
A continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, TheDisasterManagement

coordination and implementing measures which are necessary or Act,MinistryofLawand
expedientfor
Justice,2005
preventionofdamageorthreatofanydisaster;
mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences;
capacitybuilding;
preparednesstodealwithanydisaster;
promptresponsetoanythreateningdisastersituationordisaster;
assessingtheseverityormagnitudeofeffectsofanydisaster;
evacuation,rescueandrelief;
rehabilitationandreconstruction
Aformofdrysanitationthatinvolvesseparationoffaecesandurine ManualCitySanitation
in order to facilitate recycling of nutrients in local agricultural PlanPreparation(CSP),
NationalUrbanSanitation
systems.
Policy
Mitigation
10
"Mitigation" means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or TheDisasterManagement

effectsofadisasterorthreateningdisastersituation
Act,MinistryofLawand
Justice,2005
Theextentofecosensitivezonesasfollowing:
EcoSensitive
Guidelinesfordeclaration
Many of the existing protected areas have already undergone ofEcoSensitiveZones
Zones
tremendousdevelopmentinclosevicinitytotheirboundaries.Some AroundNationalParks
oftheprotectedareasactuallylyingintheurbansetup(Eg.Guindy andWildLifeSanctuaries,
National Park, Tamil Naidu, Sanjay Gandhi National Park,
MoEF,2011
Maharashtra,etc.).Therefore,definingtheextentoftheecosensitive
zones around protected areas will have to be kept flexible and
protectedareaspecific.Thewidthoftheecosensitivezoneandtype
of regulations will differ from protected area to protected area.
However,asageneralprinciple thewidthoftheecosensitive zone
could go upto 10 Kms around a protected area as provided in the
54
Sr.No.
11
Particular
Definitions
Source
WildlifeConservationStrategy2002.
In case where sensitive corridors, connectivity and ecologically
important patches, crucial for landscape linkages, are even beyond
10Kmswidth,theseshouldbeincludedintheecosensitivezone.
Further, even in context of a particular protected area, the
distribution of an area of ecosensitive zone and the extant of
regulationmaynotbeuniformallaroundanditcouldbeofvariable
widthandextent.
Environmental
sensitive zones may be defined as areas with NationalEnvironmental
Environmenta
identifiedenvironmentalresourcewithincomparablevalueswhich
Policy,2006;
llysensitive
zone/area
require special attention for their conservation. All
NBC,2005,
Earthquake/landslide prone, cliffs and environmentally hazardous
and
area, areas adjacent to fault lines, areas with slope higher than 45
AizwalMasterPlan
degree (NBC, 2005), flood plain, wetlands and areas adjacent to
majordrainagelinesforgeneralguidance,otherareasidentifiedby
State Disaster Management Authority to be included in the
environmentallysensitiveareas.
12
Preparedness "Preparedness" means the state of readiness to deal with a TheDisasterManagement

threateningdisastersituationordisasterandtheeffectsthereof
Act,MinistryofLawand
Justice,2005
13
Sustainable
Development
Development that meets the needs of the present without BrundtlandCommission,

1987
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
Chapter8:SimplifiedPlanningTechniques
GIS
Asystemwhichprovidescomputerizedmechanismsforintegrating
(Geographical various geo information data sets and analysing them in order to
generateinformationrelevanttoplanningneedsinacontext.
Information
System)
Mapping
Representationofearthspatternasawholeorpartofitonaplane
surfacewithconventionalsigns,drawntoascaleandprojectionso
thateachandeverypointonitcorrespondstotheactualterrestrial
position.
UDPFIGuidelines
PrimaryData
Data collected for the first time and is always given in the form of
rawmaterialandoriginalincharacter.
Remote
Sensing
Science of acquiring information about the Earths surface without NationalRemoteSensing

actuallybeingincontactwithit.
Centre
Secondary
Data
Second hand data initially collected by some other investigator for

otherpurposebutusedbyaninvestigatorforhis/herownpurpose
later.
Chapter9:Infrastructure
Adult
Education
Centre
A premise having the facility of formal education and training to

adultswithflexibletimings.
MasterPlanforDelhi,
2021
Anganwari
Anganwari as space provision at residential housing/

neighbourhoodlevelisacentretoprovideserviceforchildrenof0
6yrs age, pregnant women, feeding mothers, etc. under the
IntegratedChildDevelopmentScheme(ICDS).
MasterPlanforDelhi,
2021
Artificial
Recharge
Artificialrechargetogroundwaterisaprocessbywhichtheground
water reservoir is augmented at rate exceeding that under natural
conditionsofreplenishment.
RainwaterHarvesting
Techniques,
MinistryOfWater
Resources
CentralGroundWater
Board,2003
Banquethall
A premise to hold small public gatherings, community functions,

marriagesetc.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
Burialground Apremisewithfacilitiesforburyingofdeadbodies.
BusTerminal
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
A premise used by public transport agency to park the buses for

StudyonZoning
short duration to serve the population. It may include the related Regulation,TCPO,2004
facilitiesforpassengers.
IndianSpaceResearch
Organisation
55
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
Source
Central/State ApremiseusedfortheofficesofCentral/StateGovernment.
Government
Office
Civildefence
andhome
guardsetc.
A premise having facilities for offices and other functions of civil

organizationforinternaldefence.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
Continuous
WaterSupply/
247Water
Supply
247 supply is achieved when water is delivered continuously to

everycustomeroftheservice24hoursaday,everydayoftheyear,
throughatransmissionanddistributionsystemthatiscontinuously
full and under positive pressure throughout all of its pipelines and
networks.
GuidanceNotesfor
ContinuousWater
System,MoUD,2009
10
Convenience
Shopping
centre
11
Crcheand
Daycare
Centre
A group of shops in residential area serving a population of about MasterPlanforDelhi:

5000 persons and if required for 2,000 persons in hill residential 2021&StudyonZoning
areas
Regulation,TCPO,2004
A premise having nursing facilities for young children during day
StudyonZoning
time.Thecentermaybemanagedbyanindividualoraninstitution Regulation,TCPO,2004
oncommercialornoncommercialbasis.
12
Cremation
ground
A premise with facilities of performing last rites of dead bodies by

burning.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
13
Crematorium
Apremisewithfacilitiesforlastritesofthedeceased.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
14
Decentralised The collection, treatment, and disposal/reuse of wastewater from

GuidelinesFor
Wastewater
individual homes, clusters of homes, isolated communities,
Decentralized
Management industries, or institutional facilities, as well as from portions of WastewaterManagement,
existingcommunitiesatornearthepointofwastegeneration
MoUD,2012
15
Dharamshala
andits
equivalent
A premise providing temporary accommodation for short duration

onnoprofitbasis.
16
Dhallaoand
Dustbin
A premise used for collection of garbage for its onward

StudyonZoning
transportation
17
DistrictCentre A group of shops in residential area serving a population of about

500000persons.
18
DistrictMeter Thetermdistrictmeteringisusedtodescribethemethodwhereby
Area
flow meters are installed on all major supply lines and strategic
pointswithinthedistributionsystem.
StudyonZoning
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
O&MManual,
KolkataMetropolitan
Water&Sanitation
Authority
19
Disaster
management
centre
A premise having facility of disaster emergency, backup, hospital

facility, training centre for disaster preparedness, wireless
communicationetc.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
20
Dispensary
A premise having facilities for medical advice and provision of

medicine,managedbypublicorcharitableinstitutions.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
21
Dispensaryfor Premises having facilities for medical advice and provision of

petanimal
medicines to pet animals and birds, managed by public/ private or
andbirds
charitableinstitutions.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
22
Districtpolice Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortheofficesandparamilitaryforces.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
officeand
battalion
A premise having electrical installation and transformer for
ElectricSub
StudyonZoning
distributionofpower.
Station
23
24
Effluent
The wastewater that flows out of a treatment system (in this case
septictank)orsupernatantliquiddischargedfromtheseptictank.
AdvisoryNote:
SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
25
Exhibition
cumFair
Ground
A premise having facilities for the exhibition and display and other
culturalactivitiesforagroupofparticipants.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
26
Farmhouse
Adwellinghouseonafarm.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
56
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
27
Firepost
Premises with lesser degree of facilities for firefighting. The post

maybeattachedtospecificpremiseswithfireproneactivities.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
28
Firestation
A premise having facility for firefighting for a catchment area

assignedtoit.Itmayincluderesidenceofessentialstaff.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
29
Firetraining
institute
Apremisehavingfacilitiesoftrainingforemergencytimesincaseof
fire,buildingcollapseetc.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
30
GasGodown
31
GauShala/
Dairyfarm
A premise having the facility of wholesale storage of LPG, godown, MasterPlanforDelhi:

etc.
2021
A premise with facilities for rearing and processing of dairy
StudyonZoning
products.Itmayhavetemporarystructureforshedsofanimalsand Regulation,TCPO,2004
birds.
32
Generaland
Apremisewithfacilityforpostalandtelecommunicationtoandfrom
anumberofpostofficesattachedtoit.
headpost
officewith
administrative
office
Government LandownedbytheCentral/State/LocalGovt.
33
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
StudyonZoning
Land
34
Hospital
A premise providing medical facilities of general or specialised

nature for treatment of indoor and outdoor patients. It may be
managedbypublic,privateorcharitableinstitution.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
35
Hotel
Apremiseusedforlodgingof15personsormore.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
36
InformalUnit Retail/service unit, stationary or mobile, work place without roof

StudyonZoning
includingsmallKhokhasonroadside
37
International
convention
centre
38
Jail
39
A premise having all facilities for international /national

conferences,meetings,symposiumetc.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
A premise with facilities for detention, confinement and reform of MasterPlanforDelhi:

criminalsunderthelaw.
2021
A
premise
having
a
large
collection
of
books
for
reading
and
Library/
StudyonZoning
readingroom referenceforgeneralpublicorspecificclass.
40
Local
shopping
centre
A group of shops in residential area serving population of 15,000

persons.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
41
LPGgodown A premise for the booking, storing and supply of LPG to local
population.
including
bookingoffice
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
42
Multipurpose A premise having an enclosed space for various social and cultural
activities.
community
hall,barat
ghar
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
43
Municipal
SolidWaste
According to MSW Rules 2000, MSW includes commercial and ToolkitforSolidWaste

residentialwastesgeneratedinmunicipalornotifiedareasineither Management,Ministryof
solid or semisolid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but
UrbanDevelopment,
includingtreatedbiomedicalwastes.
2012
44
NightShelter
Apremisehavingthefacilityforprovidingthenightaccommodation
to individuals without any charges. It may be run by local
governmentorvoluntaryagencies.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
45
Nursing
Home/
Maternity
home/
Polyclinic
Apremisehavingmedicalfacilitiesforindoorandoutdoorpatients
having upto 50 beds. It may be managed by a doctor or a group of
doctors. In case of polyclinic, it shall be managed by a group of
doctors.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
46
OldAge
Home/Care
Centrefor
A premise having the facility of caring and training boarding and

lodgingoftheelderly/physically/mentallychallenged.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
Source
2021
57
Sr.No.
Particular
Physically/
Mentally
Challenged
Definitions
Source
47
Observatory& A premise with facilities for research and development of data

relatingtoweatherandforecastingthereof.
Weather
Office
48
Orphanage
49
Park
50
PlayGround
A premise used for outdoor games. It may have on it landscaping,

StudyonZoning
parkingfacilities,publictoilet,etc
51
Policefiring
range
A premise having facilities for firing practice of the paramilitary

forces.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
52
PoliceLine
Anareahavingfacilitiesforworkandresidentialaccommodationof
paramilitaryforces.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
53
Policepost
Apremisehavingfacilityforalocalpolicepostofatemporarynature
oronsmallerscaleascomparedtoapolicestation.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
54
Policestation Apremisehavingfacilitiesforofficesoflocalpolicepost.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
55
Policetraining Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortrainingofparamilitaryforces.
institute/
college
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
56
Primary
health
centre/family
welfare
centre/
Diagnostic
Centre
Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortreatingindoorandoutdoorpatients
havingupto1015beds.Itmaybemanagedbyapublicorcharitable
institution on noncommercial basis. It includes family welfare
centreandmaternityhome.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
57
Primary
School
58
RadioandTV
Station
Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsupto
StudyonZoning
Vstandard.
A premise with facilities for recording, broadcasting and
StudyonZoning
transmissionofnewsandotherprogrammesthroughtherespective Regulation,TCPO,2004
medium. It may include some hostel accommodation for guest
artists,transmissionfacilitiesliketowers,etc.
59
RainWater
Harvesting
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
A premise having the facility of boarding of children who are MasterPlanforDelhi:

bereavedofparents.Itmayormaynothaveeducationalfacilities.
2021
Apremiseusedforrecreational/leisureactivities.Itmayhaveonit
StudyonZoning
related landscaping, parking facilities, public toilet, fencing etc. It Regulation,TCPO,2004
willincludelawns,openspaces,greenetc.
Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of

rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifers, before it is lost as
surfacerunoff.
RainwaterHarvesting
Techniques,
MinistryOfWater
Resources
CentralGroundWater
Board,2003
60
Recreational
Club
61
RegionalMSW A Regional MSW Facility means a waste management facility or MunicipalSolidWaste

Facility/Mana systemofanykind(whetherinrelationtocollection,transportation,
Managementona
gement
treatment or disposal of MSW or a combination of any or all of RegionalBasis,Ministry
them),whichcollects,managesorreceivesordisposes(asthe case ofUrbanDevelopment
maybe)MSWfrommorethanoneAuthority.
62
RetailShop
63
Researchand A premise providing facilities for research and development in any

StudyonZoning
Development specificfield.
Center
64
Restaurant
A premise having the facility for recreation with indoor sports,

swimming pool, outdoor sports, socializing and gathering space for
smallfunctionswithrestaurant.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
A premise for sale of commodities directly to consumer with

StudyonZoning
necessarystorage
Apremiseusedforservingfooditemsoncommercialbasisincluding
cooking facilities. It may have covered or open space or both for
sittingarrangement.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
58
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
65
Street
66
Secondary
School
Any means of access, namely, highway, street lane, pathway, alley, NationalBuildingCode:
2005
stairway,passageway,carriageway,footway,square,placeorbridge,
whetherathoroughfareornot,overwhichthepublichavearightof
passageoraccessorhavepassedandhadaccessuninterruptedlyfor
aspecifiedperiod,whetherexistingorproposedinanyscheme,and
includes all bunds, channels, ditches, stormwater drains, culverts,
sidewalks,trafficislands,roadsidetreesandhedges,retainingwalls,
fences,barriersandrailingswithinthestreetlines.
Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsfrom
StudyonZoning
VItoXstandard.
67
Senior
Secondary
School
Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsfrom
StudyonZoning
XtoXIIstandard.
68
Septage
Thesettledsolidmatterinsemisolidconditionusuallyamixtureof
solids and water settled at the bottom of septic tank. It has an
offensiveodour,appearanceandishighinorganicsandpathogenic
microorganisms.
AdvisoryNote:
SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
69
Septictank
An underground tank that treats wastewater by a combination of

solidssettlingandanaerobicdigestion.
AdvisoryNote:
SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
AdvisoryNote:
SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
Source
70
Sludge
The settled solid matter in semisolid condition it is usually a

mixtureofsolidsandwaterdepositedonthebottomofseptictanks,
ponds,etc.
71
Technical
Training
Centre/
Institute,
Nursingand
Paramedic
Institute
Apremisewithfacilitiesfortrainingindisciplineoftechnicalnature.
Itincludestechnicalschoolandindustrialtraininginstitute.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
72
Trafficand
Apremiseoftemporarystructureshavingfacilitiesformanagingof
policecontrol trafficandlaw&orderrelatedissues.
room
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
73
Transit
Oriented
Development
Transit Oriented Development is essentially any development,

UTTIPEC,Delhi
macroormicrothatisfocusedaroundatransitnode,andfacilitates DevelopmentAuthority,
2012
complete ease of access to the transit facility, thereby inducing
peopletoprefertowalkandusepublictransportationoverpersonal
modesoftransport.
74
Unaccounted Unaccountedfor Water (UFW) is the difference between the ManualonWaterSupply

forWater/
quantity of water supplied to a city's network and the metered andTreatment,CPHEEO,
1999
NonRevenue quantityofwaterusedbythecustomers.
Water
75
University
Campus
Apremisehavinganeducationalinstitutiondesignedforinstruction,
examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced
learning, conferring degrees in various faculties, and often
embodyingcollegesandsimilarinstitutions.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
76
Veterinary
hospitalfor
petanimal
andbirds
Apremisehavingmedicalfacilitiesforindoorandoutdoortreatment
ofpetanimalandbirds.Itmaybemanagedbyapublicorcharitable
institutionoroncommunitybasis.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
77
Veterinary
Institute
A premise having educational and playing facilities for students of

undergraduate and post graduate in veterinary courses along with
researchfacilitiesunderauniversity.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
78
Weekly
market
79
Wholesale
Trade
An area used once in a week by a group of informal shop MasterPlanforDelhi:

2021
establishmentsintheformofamarket.Thesemarketsshiftfromone
areatoanotherondifferentdaysoftheweek.
A premise from where goods and commodities are sold and
StudyonZoning
delivered to retailers. The premise includes storage, godown and Regulation,TCPO,2004
loading&unloadingfacilities.
59
Sr.No.
Particular
Definitions
Source
Chapter10:SimplifiedDevelopmentPromotionRegulations
Clinic
A premise with facilities for treatment of outdoor patients by a

doctor.
FloorArea
Ratio(FAR)
The quotient obtained by dividing the total covered area (plinth NationalBuildingCode:
area)onallfloorsbytheareaoftheplot,
2005
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
FAR=Totalcoveredareaofthefloors/Plotarea
3
Group
Housing
Housing for more than one dwelling unit, where land is owned NationalBuildingCode:
2006
jointly(asinthecaseofcooperativesocietiesorthepublicagencies,
suchaslocalauthoritiesorhousingboards,etc)andtheconstruction
isundertakenbyoneagency.
Habitable
Room
Aroomoccupiedordesignedforoccupancybyoneormorepersons NationalBuildingCode:
2007
forstudy,living,sleeping,eating,andkitchen,ifitisusedasaliving
room, but not including bathrooms, watercloset compartments,
laundries, serving and store pantries, corridors, cellars, attics, and
spacesthatarenotusedfrequentlyorduringextendedperiods.
OpenSpaces
Anarea,forminganintegralpartoftheplot,leftopentothesky.
ParkingSpace Anareaenclosedorunenclosed,coveredoropen,sufficientinsizeto NationalBuildingCode:

2009
park vehicles, together with a driveway connecting the parking
spacewithastreetoralleyandpermittingingressandegressofthe
vehicles.
Postoffice
Apremisewithfacilityforpostalcommunicationforpublicuse
Poultryfarm
A premise with facility for rearing and processing of poultry

products.Itmayhavetemporarystructuresforshedsofbirds.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
Residential
Flat
Residential accommodation for one family/ household as part of

grouphousing.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
10
Residential
Apremiseforoneormorethanonedwellingunitandmayhaveonit
plotHousing one main building block and one accessory block for garages and
servicepersonnel.
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
11
Service
Apartment
A premise fully furnished, serviced and selfcontained with meal

preparationusedforshorttermcorporateandaccommodation
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
12
Mumty
A structure with a roof over a staircase and its landing built to NationalBuildingCode:
2005
encloseonlythestairsforthepurposeofprovidingprotectionfrom
weatherandnotusedforhumanhabitation
13
Towerlike
structures
Structures shall be deemed to be tower like structures when the NationalBuildingCode:

2005
height of the tower like portion is at least twice the height of the
broaderbaseatgroundlevel.
Source:
NationalBuildingCode:
2008
MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021&StudyonZoning
Asgiven
60
3
3.1.
Introduction
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is infusion of private capital and management in provision of
services that have traditionally been provided by the government. Adequate risk transfer from the
governmenttotheprivatesectorisakeyfeatureofPPPsalongwiththedeliveryofhighqualityand
costeffectiveservicestoconsumersandthegovernment1.
3.2.
Existingscenario
Reforms of 1990 brought/started economic liberalisation in India. The role of government

underwent transformation from provider to facilitator as a result. Initially it was in the form of
privatisationbutafterfollowinginternationalexperiencesPPPwasintroducedinIndia.Thetendency
of the private sector to undervalue social infrastructure, and the large sunk costs associated with
providing much economic infrastructure, has been obstacle to privatization. Thus PPPs began to
emerge significantly as a means of obtaining private sector capital and management expertise for
infrastructure investment (both to carry on where privatization had left off and as an alternative
wheretherehadbeenobstaclestoprivatization).
IthasemergedasoneoftheleadingPPPmarketsintheworld,duetoseveralpolicyandinstitutional
initiativestakenbythecentralaswellasmanystategovernments.Overtheyearsanelaborateeco
system for PPPs has developed, including institutions, developers, financiers, equity providers,
policiesandprocedures2.
The growing role of PPP in India has led for the requirement of national policy. As a result
GovernmentofIndiain2011publishedadraftNationalPPPPolicywhichisunderpublicconsultation
currently.
3.3.
PublicPrivatePartnership:AlternateDefinitions
GovernmentofIndia:
PPPmeansanarrangementbetweenagovernmentorstatutoryentityorgovernmentownedentity
ononesideandaprivatesectorentityontheother,fortheprovisionofpublicassetsand/orrelated
servicesforpublicbenefit,throughinvestmentsbeingmadeby and/ormanagementundertakenby
theprivatesectorentityforaspecifiedtimeperiod,wherethereisasubstantialrisksharingwiththe
private sector and the private sector receives performance linked payments that conform (or are
benchmarked)tospecified,predeterminedandmeasurableperformancestandards.
TheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF):
Publicprivate partnerships (PPPs) refer to arrangements where the private sector supplies
infrastructure assets and services that traditionally have been provided by the government. (IMF
2004,)
Sources: Public Private Partnership, IMF, 2004
Source: National PPP Policy 2011 - Draft for Consultation
61
TheWorldBank:
PPPprogramsareprojectsthatareforservicestraditionallyprovidedbythepublicsector,combine
investmentandserviceprovision,seesignificantrisksbeingbornebytheprivatesector,andalsosee
amajorroleforthepublicsectorineitherpurchasingservicesorbearingsubstantialrisksunderthe
project.(WorldBank2006)
TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB):
PPPs broadly refer to longterm, contractual partnerships between the public and private sector
agencies, specifically targeted towards financing, designing, implementing, and operating
infrastructurefacilitiesandservicesthatweretraditionallyprovidedbythepublicsector(ADB2006)
TheEuropeanUnion:
A PPP is the transfer to the private sector of investment projects that traditionally have been
executedorfinancedbythepublicsector(EuropeanCommission2003).
3.4.
PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)inIndia
PPP in India has evolved in the past decade and several projects of PPP have been completed in
infrastructure sector apart from residential/commercial development and these can be considered
forunderstandingthecriticalaspectsofsuchprojectimplementationinfuture.
Someofthecasestudiesareasfollow:
1. AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject
2. TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
3. HyderabadMetro
4. VadodaraHalolTollRoad
Theseprojectswereconsideredowingtothekeylearningandobservationsderivedfromthem,some
tobeemulatedandotherstobemitigated.Eachofthecasestudiesbelongstodifferentsectors.
AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject:
TheAlandurSewerageProject(ASP)wasinitiatedintheyear1996.TheASPwasthefirstprojectin
the municipal water sector to be taken through the Public Private Partnership route in India. The
proposedseweragesystemwastobedesignedfortheestimatedpopulationofabout300,000in2027
andwasplannedtobecompletedwithinafiveyearperiodfromitsinceptiondate.
Alandur Municipality (AM), located adjacent to Chennai, forms a part of the Chennai Metropolitan
Area.Withapopulationofaround165,000(CensusofIndia,2011),themunicipalityisaresidential
suburb of Chennai with predominantly residential and commercial activities. Approximately one
fourthofitspopulationlivesinslums.Priorto1996,thetowndidnothaveanundergroundsewerage
system and all sewage was managed with individual septic tanks. In 1996, AM announced an
ambitiousplantoconstructanundergroundseweragesystemandwastewatertreatmentfacilitywith
theparticipationoftheprivatesector,contributionfromthe public,andpaymenttobeprovidedby
thecity.
62
TheAlandurMunicipalityworkedinpartnershipwiththeTamilNaduUrbanInfrastructureFinancial
Services Limited (TNUIFSL), the state asset management company and with USAIDs Financial
InstitutionReformandExpansion(FIRE)Project.
TheconstructionoftheundergroundseweragesysteminAlandur townwasdoneonaBOQ(Billof
Quantities) basis, and the sewerage treatment plant (STP) on a BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer)
basis. Besides the construction responsibility, the contractor was also required to undertake the
operation and maintenance of the sewerage system for a period of five years from the date of
completion of the construction, on a fixed fee basis. The collection of tariff and provision of new
connectionsduringtheO&Mphasewastobeundertakenbythemunicipalitydirectly.Keyfeaturesof
theprojectaregivenbelow:
Table3.1: AlandurSewerageProjectDetails
AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject
PPPProjectStructure&
ConcessionPeriod
O&MContract(5Years)
BOTAnnuity(14Years)
StateandyearPPP
contractsigned
TamilNadu
2005
ProjectCost
INR41.28Crore
SalientFeatures
The construction of the underground sewerage system in Alandur town, involving

thelayingofpipes,constructionofpumpingstation,etc.,wasdoneonaBOQ(Billof
Quantities)basis,andtheSewerageTreatmentPlant(STP)onaBOT(Build,Operate
andTransfer)basis.
Besides the construction responsibility, the contractor was also required to
undertake the operation and maintenance of the sewerage system for a period of
fiveyearsfromthedateofcompletionoftheconstruction,onafixedfeebasis.
ThecollectionoftariffandprovisionofnewconnectionsduringtheO&Mphasewas
tobeundertakenbythemunicipalitydirectly
KeyLearning
Beneficiaryparticipatoryapproach
Stakeholderinvolvementandinterdepartmentalcoordination
Politicalwillandstrongdecisionmaking,especiallyatthegrassrootlevel
Acceptanceoffiscaldiscipline
Implementinganeffectivefeesystem
AssurancesonpaymenttothePrivateSectorParticipant
Accesstofinanceforthemunicipality
Technicalandfinancialassistancefromotherinstitutions
Transparencyinbiddingandcontractingprocedures
Source:
PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,CompendiumofCaseStudies,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs,Ministry
ofFinance,GovernmentofIndia
PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,CompendiumofCaseStudies,DepartmentofEconomic
Affairs,MinistryofFinance,GovernmentofIndia
TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
Delhigenerates7,000metrictonnes(MT)ofMunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)daily,whichisexpectedto
increase to 18,000 MT by 2021. The present landfill sites that are being utilized for disposing the
garbageareapproachingtheirfullcapacity.MunicipalCorporationofDelhi(MCD)hasthusembarked
onaprojecttoreducetheamountofMSWbeingdisposedinthelandfillsitesandutilizingthewaste
forproductivepurposessuchasgenerationofpowerfromwaste.MCDhasidentifiedtwolocations,
namelyTimarpurandOkhla,forimplementingthisproject.TheprojecthasbeenundertakenonBuilt,
Own,OperateandTransfer(BOOT)basis.
63
The project is registered with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to earn 2.6 million Certified Emission
Reductions(CERs)overatenyearperiod.
Table3.2: TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMSWMProjectdetails
TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
PPP Project Structure &
ConcessionPeriod
BOOT(25Years)
State and year

contractsigned
Delhi
2008
PPP
ProjectCost
INR200Crore
SalientFeatures
Infrastructure included plants for converting MSW to Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), capable of
processing1300TPDatOkhlaand650TPDatTimarpur,abiomethanationplantcapableof
handlingof100TPDofgreenwasteatOkhla,awaterrecoveryplantcapableofhandlingupto
6MLDoftreatedsewageattheOkhlasiteforrecyclingintoprocesswaterandcoolingwater
andaPowerplantwithagenerationcapacityof16MWatOkhla
ThesalientfeaturesincludedSolidandliquidwastecanbetreatedinthesamecomplex.The
treatment process is well integrated in terms of inputs and output. The complex generates
compostandmethanefromtheBiomethanationprocess,fuelfromtheRDFplantandpower
fromtheRDFfluffandmethane.
KeyLearning
ProjectPreparedness
GovernmentSupport
InnovativeUseofTechnology
ConsumerEducation
Source:
HyderabadMetro
Hyderabad is a growing city that covers 625 square kilometres of municipal corporation area and
6,852 square kilometres of metropolitan area. The burgeoning population has put Hyderabads
transportation system under immense pressure. To address this need, the Government of Andhra
Pradesh(GoAP)hasplannedaMassRapidTransitsystem(MRTS)coveringthreehightrafficdensity
corridors of Hyderabad. The project is planned to be developed on a PPP basis through the Build
OperateTransfer(BOT)mode.
Hyderabad Metro Rail Ltd, a fully owned Public Sector Undertaking of GoAP is currently
implementingtheHyderabadMetroRailProject.Theprojectistobedevelopedunderaconcession
agreement on BOT basis. Under the concession agreement, the operator has to design, finance,
construct,operate,andmaintainthe3corridorsandtransfertheassetsattheendoftheconcession
period.
Table3.3: HyderabadMetroDetails
HyderabadMetroProject
PPPProjectStructure&
ConcessionPeriod
BOT(35Years)
StateandyearPPP
contractsigned
AndhraPradesh
2008
ProjectCost
INR200Crore
SalientFeatures
Undertheconcessionagreement,theoperatorhastodesign,finance,construct,operate,and
maintainthe3corridorsandtransfertheassetsattheendoftheconcessionperiod.
In addition, the operator would also have access to the commercial development of land
availableatthedepots(212acres)and10%ofthecarpetareaofthestationsitesidentifiedin
the concession agreement. This aggregates to a cumulative maximum of 12.5 million square
feet in the case of depots and a cumulative maximum of 6 million square feet in the case of
stations.
64
HyderabadMetroProject
The SPV would also be allowed to undertake real estate development over the parking and
circulationareasatstations.
KeyLearning
RealEstateDevelopmentalongwithmetroproject
TransferofTrafficRisk
CreationofRightofWay
IssuesofPromoterBacking
Source:
VadodaraHalolTollRoad
VHTR was an initiative commissioned as a part of the Vision 2010 an infrastructure master plan
developedbytheGovernmentofGujarat(GoG).Theprojectinvolvedwideningandstrengtheningof
32 kilometres (km) of the existing twolane State Highway (SH 87) connecting Vadodara to the
industrialtownofHalolintoafourlanetolledexpressway.
The Vadodara Halol Toll Road (VHTR) was one of the first State Highway widening projects
developedonaPublicPrivatePartnershipbasisinIndiaandithassubsequentlypavedthewayfora
largenumberofprojectstobeundertakenonasimilarformatinGujaratandtherestofIndia.
TheVHTRprojectisdevelopedundertheBuilt,Own,OperateandTransfer(BOOT)basis.
Table3.4: VadodaraHalolTollRoadDetails
VadodaraHalolTollRoadProject
PPP Project Structure &
ConcessionPeriod
BOOT(30Years)
State and year

contractsigned
Gujarat
1998
PPP
ProjectCost
INR161Crore
SalientFeatures
Undertheconcessionagreement,constructionaspectsincludeddesignandcompletionofthe
road, including the pavement, cross drainage system, bridges, toll facilities, medians,
separators,roadfurniture,andhorticulturalaspects.
The O&M aspects included the toll collection, operating the toll plaza, traffic regulation and
maintenanceofthefacility.Italsoincludesspecialmaintenanceactivitiessuchaseliminating
potholesinthepavements,replacingdrainagestructures,roadmarkingsandsignage,cleaning
lanes, shoulders, rightofway strips, structures, maintaining operational installations and
drainagefacilities.
KeyLearning
Thecriticalityofpredevelopmentmarketassessment
Competitivebiddingcanensureabetterdeal
Needtocreateabalancedriskreturnprofile
ConflictsofInterestshouldbeidentifiedearlyandavoided
InnovativeFinancingMechanisms
Environmentallyandsociallyresponsivedevelopmentframework
Source:
65
66
AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedinstitutes
AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedInstitutes
Table4.1: ListofInstitutesofferingvariouscoursesinTownPlanningandrecognisedbyITPI
Sr.No.
State
Institute
Punjab
GuruRamdasSchoolofPlanning,Amritsar
Haryana
AmityUniversity*,Gurgaon
NCTDelhi
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,NewDelhi
InstituteofTownPlanners,India
4
Uttarakhand
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Roorkee
UttarPradesh
GautamBudhUniversity*,GreaterNOIDA
MadhyaPradesh
MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology(MANIT),Bhopal
AmityUniversity*,NOIDA
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,Bhopal
7
UttarPradesh
GautamBudhUniversity*,GreaterNOIDA
MadhyaPradesh
Jharkhand
BIT*,Mesra,Ranchi
10
WestBengal
IIT,Kharagpur
BengalEngineeringandScienceUniversity,Shibpur
11
Bihar
NIT,Patna
12
Gujarat
CEPTUniversity,Ahmedabad
AmityUniversity*,NOIDA
MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology(MANIT),Bhopal
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,Bhopal
SardarVallabhbhaiPatelNationalInstituteofTechnology,Surat
BhaiKakaCentreforHumanSettlements,ArvindBhaiPatelInstituteof
EnvironmentalDesign,VallabhVidhyanagar
13
Maharashtra
GovernmentCollegeofEngineering,Pune
VishvesharaiyaNationalInstituteofTechnology,Nagpur
14
Rajasthan
MalviyaNationalInstituteofTechnology*
15
AndhraPradesh
JNTU,Hyderabad
16
Karnataka
InstituteofDevelopmentStudies,Mysore
17
TamilNadu
SchoolofArchitecture&Planning,Chennai
18
Kerala
CollegeofEngineering,Thiruvananthapuram
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Vijaywada
Source:PlanningandDevelopment,2025:ProfessionalandAcademicChallenges,TCPO
*ApplicantsunderrecognitionprocessbyITPI
67
AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedinstitutes
68
Table5.1: BiodiversityIndexIndicators
S.No. Indicators
Calculation
ScoreRange
(TotalAreaofNaturalAreas)(Total
AreaoftheCity)100
0point:<1%
ProportionofNatural
Areasinthecity
1point:1%6%
2points:7%13%
3points:14%20%
4points:>20%
Connectivitymeasuresor
ecologicalnetworksto
counterhabitat
fragmentation
(1/Atotal)(A12+A22+A32++
An2)
Nativebirdspeciesinbuilt
upareas(otherthan
naturalareas)
Numberofbirdspeciesinbuiltup
areas
Changeinnumberof
nativespecies3
Netchangeinnumberofnativespecies
1point<0.787
2points0.7870.883
3points0.8840.979
4points>0.979
1point<10
2points1123
3points2453
4points>53
1point:Nolossofspecies
2points:1speciesincrease
3points:2speciesincrease
4points:3speciesormoreincrease
Proportionofnatural
protectedareas
(Areaofprotectedorsecurednatural
areas)(Totalareaofthecity)100
N.A.
Proportionofinvasive
alienspeciesofvascular
plants(asopposedto
nativespecies)
(Numberofinvasivealienspecies)
(Numberofnativespecies)100
0point:>30%
1point:21%30%
2points:11%20%
3points:1%10%
4points<1%
Regulationofquantityof
water
(Totalpermeablearea)(Total
terrestrialareaofthecity)
1point<0.307
2points0.3070.4785
3points0.47860.65
4points>0.65
1point<0.07454
Climateregulation:carbon
storageandcoolingeffect
ofvegetation
(Treecanopycover)(Total
terrestrialareaofthecity)100
Treecanopycoveron
terrestrialsarea
TreeCountandTreeCoverMapping
N.A.
10
Recreationaland
educationservices(areas
ofparkwithnaturalareas
andprotectedorsecured
naturalareasper1000
persons)
(ParksAreawithnaturalareasand
protectedorsecurednaturalareas)
1000persons
0point:<0.1ha/1000persons
Recreationaland
educationservices
(Numberofformal
educationalvisitperchild
perpark)
Numberofvisitsperyear
2points0.074540.160
3points0.1600.339
4points>0.339
11
1point:0.10.3ha/1000persons
2points:0.40.6ha/1000persons
3points:0.70.9ha/1000persons
4points:>0.9ha/1000persons
0point:0formaleducationalvisit/year
1point:1formaleducationalvisit/year
2points:2formaleducationalvisit/
year
3points:3formaleducationalvisit/
year
4points:>3formaleducationalvisit/
year4
Indicators 4-8 (Vascular plants, Birds, Butterflies, Reptiles, Freshwater fish)
69
S.No. Indicators
Calculation
ScoreRange
12
(Amountspentonbiodiversityrelated
administration)(Totalbudgetof
city)
1point<0.74
Budgetallocationfor
biodiversity
2points0.742.50
3points2.514.26
4points>4.26
13
Numberofbiodiversity
projectsimplementedin
thecityperyear
Numberofbiodiversityprojects
implementedinthecityperyear
Rules,regulationsand
policyexistenceoflocal
biodiversitystrategyand
actionplan
Existenceoflocalbiodiversitystrategy
andactionplan(LBSAP),National
BiodiversityStrategyandActionPlan
(NBSAP)
1point<4
2points49
3points1014
4points>14
14
0point:NoLBSAP
1point:LBSAPnotalignedwithNBSAP
2points:LBSAPincorporateselements
ofNBSAP,butdoesnotincludeanyCBD
initiatives
ofNBSAP,andincludes13CBD
initiatives
ofNBSAP,andincludesmorethan4
CBDinitiatives
15
16
Institutionalcapacity
Essentialbiodiversity
relatedfunction
Institutionalcapacity
InterAgencyCooperation
Numberofessentialbiodiversity
relatedfunctionsincludesbiodiversity
centres,botanicalgardens,herbaria,
zoologicalgardensormuseums,
insectariums,etc.
1point:1function
Numberofcityorlocalgovernment
agenciesinvolvedininteragency
corporationpertainingtobiodiversity
matters
0point:1or2agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
2points:2function
3points:3function
4points:>3function
1point:3agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
2points:4agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
3points:5agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
4points:Morethan5agencies
cooperateonbiodiversitymatters
17
Participationand
partnership:public
consultationprocess
Existenceandstateofformalor
informalpublicconsultationprocess
pertainingtothebiodiversityrelated
matters
0point:Noroutineorinformalprocess
1point:Formalorinformalprocess
beingconsideredaspartoftheroutine
process
2points:Formalorinformalprocess
beingplannedaspartoftheroutine
process
3points:Formalorinformalprocessin
theprocessofbeingimplementedas
partoftheroutineprocess
4points:Formalorinformalprocess
existsaspartoftheroutineprocess
18
Participationand
partnership:Institutional
partnership
Numberofinstitutionalpartnerships
0point:Noformal/informal
partnership
1point:Cityinpartnershipwith16
othernationalorsubnationalagencies/
privatecompany/NGO/academic
institutions/international
organizations
2points:Cityinpartnershipwith712
organizations
70
S.No. Indicators
Calculation
ScoreRange
3points:Cityinpartnershipwith1319
organizations
4points:Cityinpartnershipwith20or
moreothernationalorsubnational
agencies/privatecompany/NGO/
academicinstitutions/international
organizations
19
Isbiodiversityornature
awarenessincludedinthe
schoolcurriculum?
BasedonthequeryIsbiodiversityor
natureawarenessisincludedinthe
schoolcurriculum?
0point:Biodiversityorelementsofit
arenotcoveredintheschool
curriculum
1point:Biodiversityorelementsofit
arebeingconsideredforinclusioninthe
schoolcurriculum
2points:Biodiversityorelementsofit
arebeingplannedforinclusioninthe
schoolcurriculum
areintheprocessofbeingimplemented
intheschoolcurriculum
areincludedintheschoolcurriculum
20
Educationandawareness:
publicawarenessevents
Numberofnaturalawarenessand
Biodiversityeventsinthecity
0point:0outreachevents/year
1point:159outreachevents/year
2points:60149outreachevents/year
3points:150300outreachevents/year
4points:>300outreachevents/year
Source:GreaterHyderabadCityBiodiversityIndex,GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation,2012
71
72
6.1.
ReviewofExistingStudies,ReportsandPlans
Nameofstudies/reports/Plans
MajorProblems/Issuesaddressed
Essential/ITEMA(Boldfont)
MajorProposedProjects/Plans
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM(ItalicFont)
MajorStrategies
73
6.2.
OngoingandPlannedProjects
Description:Ongoing,plannedandproposedprojectsintheexistingreportsorstudies,oridentifiedbyrelevantagencies,shouldbesummarizedandlisted.
SurveyMethods:Literaturereviewandinterviewsurveywithrelevantagencies
ProjectStatus
Brief
Ongoing/
D/DStage
OnPipelineor
Project/
Cost
Implementing
Waiting Planning
description Completed
under
(Fund
some
NoProgress
Programme Estimation
Agency
Fund (F/S)Stage
ofproject
construction Committed)
movement
Essential/ITEMA(Bold
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM(Italic
Font)
74
6.3.
OutlineofRoadNetwork
RoadLength
NationalHighwaylength(km)
StateHighwaylength(km)
OtherArterialRoadlength(km)
SecondaryRoadlength(km)
RoadDensitybyroadtype
MajorRoadInfrastructure
RoadDensityofArterialRoad(km/km2)
RoadDensityofallroads(km/km2)
NumberofRotaries
NumberofsignalisedIntersections
NumberofFlyovers
NumberofRailwayOverbridge
NumberofRailwaysUnderpass
NumberofRailwayRailwayLevelcrossing
MunicipalArea
CityCore
Preferable(ITEMB)
MetropolitanArea
75
6.4.
InventoryofArterialRoadNetwork
Nameof
Road
Section
From
To
Length
(km)
Widthof
carriageway
(M)
Rightof
Way(M)
No.of
Lanes
Widthof
Footpath
Left
Right
Traffic
volume
(PCU/Day)
Parking
regulations
along
roadway
Abutting
Land
use
Remarks
Road
encroachment
surface
Existenceof
(G/F/P)*
roadway
hazards,etc.
*G:GOOD,F:FAIR,
P:POOR
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)
76
6.5.
InventoryofFlyoversandUnderpasses
NameofFlyover/
Underpass
Location/directionof
flyover/underpass
Length(m)
Width(m)
Left
Right
TrafficVolume
(PCU/Day)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Widthoffootpath
(m)
No.ofLanes
77
6.6.
InventoryofMajorIntersections
Traffic
control
devices
(suchas
signalized
etc.)
Inflow
GeometricCharacteristics
Traffic
NameofIntersections (shapeofintersections,
Volume
numberoflanesetc.)
(PCI/Day)
Existenceof
Existenceofintersection
Existence
TrafficCalming
hazards(suchasobstructed
of
Measures(such
signals/signs,unregulated
pedestrian
asrumble
intersectionsthatareunsafefor
crosswalks
strips,etc.)
pedestrians,etc.)
Note:Criticalintersectionsshouldbeidentifiedandinventoried,inparticularthoseintersectionsthatareimportantfromtheviewpointofthe
entireroadnetworkorthatareheavilycongested.Itisanticipatedthatapproximately1030intersectionswillbeselected.Availabletraffic
countsshouldbeincludedorreferencedandtherequirementforneworupdatedsurveysidentified.
Preferable(ITEMB)
78
6.7.
InventoryofParkingFacilities
Location
Thenumberof
parkingspaces/
vehicletypes
OwnershipoffacilityPublic
/Private/Informal
Conditionof
street
markings
Typeofrestriction
(e.g.foronstreet)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Occupancyrate
duringpeak
hours
Parking
Tafiff
79
6.8.
InventoryofTrafficControlFacilities
MetropolitanArea
MunicipalArea
CityCore
Numberoftrafficsignals
Existenceofareatrafficcontrolsystem
Typeofsignaloperation(automaticormanualby
Police)
Preferable(ITEMB)
80
6.9.
InventoryofPedestrianFacilities
Locatio
n
(street)
Typeoffacility
(footpath,
overpass,
underpass)
Length
(m)
Widthof
footpath
Lef
t
Safet
y
Comfor
t
Righ
t
Obstruction
s(ifany)
Continuit
yofthe
walkway
Existing
pavement
conditions
)
Adequat
Clear
e
marking
drainage
s
facilities
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)
Convenienc
e
81
Note:Safety,ComfortandConvenienceberatedas1(poor),2(fair),3(partiallygood),4(good)and5(verygood).
6.10.
InventoryofNMVFacilities
Typeoffacilities
(NMVPath,
Overpass,
underpass)
Location
(street)
Existenceof
parking
Adequacy
Existing Adequate
restrictions
Obstructions
Clear
ofsignage
Description
pavement drainage
tosafeguard
(ifany)
markings
/
conditions facilities
pedestrian
signaling
rightofway
etc.
Adequacyof
NMVand
Pedestrianand
VehicleFlow
Separation
(suchason
streetlanesetc.)
Essential/ITEMA
(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)
82
6.11.
InventoryofLevelCrossings
Location
(street)
Traffic
volume
(vehicle/day)
TVU
Essential/ITEMA
(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM
(ItalicFont)
Road
width
(m)
Total
timeof
closures
Average
timeof
closures
Total
number
of
stopped
vehicle
Averagenumberof
stoppedvehicles
perclosures
Number
ofLanes
Number
of
closures
perday
83
6.12.
AvailabilityofPublicTransportTypes/ParaTransitModes
CityCore
(Availableornot
available)
Intercitybus
LargeBus
MiniBus
Taxi
AutoRickshaws
CycleRickshaws
HandpullRickshaws
UrbanArea
SuburbanArea
Preferable(ITEMB)
84
6.13.
InventoryofBusOperation,Maintenance,andEconomicandProductivityIndicators
EconomicandProductivity
Indicators
BusOperationand
Maintenance
Bus
operator
Vehicle
loads
Vehicle
headways
Service
period
Passengers
Typical
Service pervehicle
route
reliability
houror
speeds
vehiclekm
Costfor
Passenger Passenger
employeeper Costof Passenger comfortand comfort
vehiclehour recovery transfers
safety
andsafety
orvehiclekm
(F)
(M)
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)
85
Outlineof
Bus
Operation
Typeofoperator
Numberof
(Public,Private,
vehicletype Numberof
BusOperator orAssociationof
bybus
busroutes
independent
drivers
drivers)
Operating
vehicle
distance
(vehiclekm)
Number
ofbus
stops
Numberof
bus
terminals
Farestructure
Off
hours
Special
schemes(for
Peak
students,
hours
elderly,
womenetc.)
Preferable(ITEMB)
86
6.14.
InventoryofParaTransit
Numberof
Operators
Numberoftypeof
registeredvehicles
Far
e
Revenu
e
Cost
(operatin
gand
fixed)
Averag
eageof
vehicle
s
Condition
sof
vehicles
Typeof
ownershi
pand
degreeof
regulation
Jurisdictiona
lareasof
operators(if
any)
License
feesand
franchis
ecosts)
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Operatin
g
distance
and
hours
(kmand
hour)
87
6.15.
InventoryofMajorIntermodalInterchanges
Nameof
Interchange
facilities
Location
Layout
andsizeof
facilities
Determinationof
capacityand
geometric
characteristicsof
pedestrianwalkways
Numberof
dailyand
hourly
(peak)
passengers
Numberof Numberof
Number
hourly/daily transport
ofloading
vehicle
operators
births
movements
houses
Availabilityof
loadingbirths
toaccept
variousbus
types
Essential/ITEM
A(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEM
B)
Optional/ITEM
(ItalicFont)
88
6.16.
SummaryofTrafficAccidents
Totalnumberofaccidents
involvingpedestrians
involvingcyclists
Involvingcars
Involvingbuses
Numberofinjuredordead
Numberofdead
Numberofinjured
Identificationofhazardouslocations
Majoraccidentcauses
5yearsago
4yearsago
Preferable(ITEMB)
3yearsago
2yearsago
1yearago
89
6.17.
SummaryofEnforcement
MunicipalityArea
NumberofTrafficPolice
ExistingTrafficRegulations
Costsandtypesofviolations
Finesfortrafficviolations
Numberofpolicetrapactivities
Mannerofenforcement
MetropolitanArea
Organizationalstructureofenforcementbody
Preferable(ITEMB)
90
6.18.
InventoryofAgencies/OrganizationsRelatingtoUrbanTransport
Functionand
responsibilityof
agency/department
Nameofagency/department
Relationship
Organization
toother
chart
agency
Annual
Budget
Profitabilityand
financialsustainability
(onlyforoperators)
StateGovernment
TransportDepartment
PublicWorksDepartment
RegionalTransportAuthority
StateTransportCompany
Municipality
MetropolitanDevelopment
Authority
StateGovernment
TransportDepartment
BusOperators
AssociationsofRickshawsorTaxis
FerryOperators
Otherrelevantagencies(ifany)
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)
Number
ofstaffs
91
6.19.
AssessmentofPlanning,ImplementationandCoordinationCapacity
Assessment
PlanningandImplementationCapacity:
Staffingcapacityforurbantransportplanning
Datacapturecapabilitye.g.systemsforperiodictrafficdata
collection
Financialresourcestoimplementplannedtransportation
projects
ExperienceinPublicPrivatePartnerships(PPP)
CoordinationCapability:
Controloversmallprivatedevelopersinplanningsupporting
infrastructure
Systemsorprocessestointegratetransportandurbanplanning
agencies
Systemsorprocesstointegratelanduseplanswithtransport
plans
Roleandimpactofworkers/transportoperatorsunions
DivisionofdutiesbetweenStateGovernmentandUrbanLocal
Bodies(ULB)
PlanningandImplementationCapacity:
Preferable(ITEMB)
92
6.20.
InventoryEnvironmentalMonitoringData
AmbientforAirQualityData
NOX
SOX
Pb
Noise
WaterQuality
Standard
Location2
Location3
Location4
Location5
Preferable(ITEMB)
Location1
93
6.21.
TypicalUrbanTransportIssues
Issue
TrafficCongestion
CityWideTrafficCongestion
TrafficCongestiononMajorRoadsatPeakHours
NarrowStreetsContributingtoCongestion
WaitingorParkedVehiclesContributingtoCongestion
SlowVehicles(Bicycle,CycleRickshaw,AutoRickshaw,Twowheeler)
ContributingtoCongestion
ExistingBusSystem
Lackof(Public)BusOperator
LackofBusRoutes(i.e.busroutesarefarfromresidence/commercialarea)
LackofBusVehicles
PoorMaintenanceofPubliclyOperatedBusVehicles(e.g.levelofbreakdownsandpollution
generation
PoorMaintenanceofPrivatelyOperatedBusVehicles
ProliferationofDisorganizedPrivateBusServices(includingminibuses)
LowProfitabilityofBusOperators
LackofBusDriverTraining
Parking
MajorStreetsaretooNarrowforParking
ProblemsCausedbyParkingofPrivateVehicles
ProblemsCausedbyParking/WaitingofRickshawsandAutoRickshaws
LackofParkingAreasatStation/BusTerminals
LackofLandforOffStreetParkingLots
LackofRegulationsforParkingMeasures(includingdevelopmentcontrolstandards)
Severity
94
Issue
Severity
ParkingPolicyandGuidelines
Safety
VehicleVehicleAccidents
AccidentsInvolvingPedestrians
AccidentsInvolvingCyclists
AccidentsInvolvingAuto/CycleRickshaws
LevelofDriverEducationTraining/Licensing
Lackofapproachtomakewomen'stravelbyPublicTransportandNMTsafer,affordable,
comfortableandconvenient.
Enforcement
EnforcementofIllegalTrafficMovementsorSpeeding
EnforcementofIllegalTrafficParking
EnforcementofUnlicensedPrivateVehicleMotorists
EnforcementofIllegalBus/ParaTransitOperators
LackofEnforcementResources(trafficpoliceandequipment)
Environmental
AirPollution
TrafficNoise
PlanningandImplementationCapacity
GuidanceforMakingCityTransportPolicy/Plans
CityMasterPlansDoNotReflectActualSituationontheGround
LackofSufficientUrbanTransportPlannerswithintheCityGovernment
CityOfficialsDealingwithTransportPlanningLackExperienceorTraininginTransportPlanning
LackofDataCollectionCapabilitye.g.PeriodicalTrafficSurveys(inc.trafficvolumesurvey)
95
Issue
Severity
LackofFinancialResourcestoImplementPlannedTransportationProjects
LackofKnowledgeofPublicPrivatePartnerships(PPP)
Lackofunderstandingofthegenderedaspectsoftravel
Lackofgenderspecifictransportdata
LackofwomenUrbanTransportPlannersatmidandseniorlevelswithincitygovernment.
CoordinationCapability
SmallPrivateDevelopersDoNotMakeStrategicProvisionforTransportInfrastructure
TransportandUrbanPlanningAgenciesDoNotCoordinateorIntegratePlansandProcesses
LandUsePlansareNotCoordinatedwithTransportPlans
Workers/TransportOperatorsUnionsObstructImprovements
DivisionofDutiesbetweenStateGovernmentandUrbanLocalBodies(ULB)isNotClear
Transport/TrafficRegulations
Bus/Paratransit(AutoRickshaw,CycleRickshaw)OperatorsareNotAdequatelyRegulated
ParaTransitVehiclesareNotAdequatelyRegulated
96
6.22.
PopulationandSocioeconomicSituation
Population
Numberandsizeofhousehold
Populationgrowthtrend
Populationdensity
NumberofWorkersbycategory
MainWorkers
Cultivator
Agriculture
Labour
HouseholdIndustry
Others
MarginalWorkers
NonWorkers
AveragePersonalIncome
AverageHouseholdIncome
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Ward1
Ward2
Ward3
Ward4
Preferable(ITEMB)
MunicipalityArea
font)
MetropolitanArea
97
6.23.
VehicleOwnershipData
NumberofRegisteredVehiclesbyType
PassengerVehicle
SmallPassengerVehicle
SmallTruck
HeavyTruck
AutoRickshaws
CycleRickshaws
Buses
MiniBus
Motorcycles(twowheeler)
NumberofhouseholdshavingBicycle
NumberofhouseholdshavingScooter,
Motorcycle,Mope
NumberofhouseholdshavingCar,Jeep,
Van
NumberofLicensedDriversbyLicense
Type
Totalin
Totalin
MetropolitanArea MunicipalityArea
Ward
1
Numberofusers
Male Female Total
Ward
2
Ward
3
Ward
4
Preferable(ITEMB)
98
6.24.
TrafficCountSurveys(ScreenLineSurveyandCordonSurvey)
Location:
CountStationNo.:
67AM
78AM
89AM
1011AM
1112AM
121PM
12PM
23PM
34PM
45PM
56PM
Section(To/From):
Direction:
RoadName&No.:
PassengerVehicles
Heavy
Fast
Mini
Bus
Bus
LightFast
2
Car Wheel
Slow
3
Wheel
Cycle
Others
GoodVehicles
Heavy
Fast
LightFast
Total
Truck
LCV
Others
GrandTotal
Total
Date/Month/
Year:
Day:

99
6.25.
TrafficCountSurvey(IntersectionTurningMovementSurvey)
Location:
CountStationNo.:
RoadName&No.:
Direction:
RightTurn/Straight/Left
Turn:
PassengerVehicles
Heavy
Fast
67AM
78AM
89AM
1011
AM
1112
AM
121PM
12PM
23PM
34PM
45PM
56PM
DirectionFrom:
Date/Month/
Year:
Day:
GoodVehicles
Bus
Slow
Cycl Other
e
s
HeavyFast
Total
Truck
Grand
Total
LightFast
2
Car
Wheel
Mini
Bus
3
Wheel
Tota
l
LightFast
Other
LCV
s
Preferable(ITEMB)
100
6.26.
QueueLengthSurvey
Queuelength
Sequenceofreading*
ReadinginMeters
Queuelength(m)
(hr.)
Hour
(min.)
ElapseTime
(Sec.)
(Sec.)
*G=StartofGreen,R=StartofRed,ZS=StartofZeroQueue,ZE=EndofZeroQueue
Preferable(ITEMB)
101
6.27.
TravelSpeedandTimeSurvey
NameofRoad:
From
Km:
Sl.No.
From:
To:
ToKm:
No.ofTrip:
Date:
Time:
Distance
Km
Preferable(ITEMB)
Control
Points
FirstStopWatch
JourneyTime
Min.
Sec.
SecondStopWatch
DelayTime
Min.
Sec.
CauseofDelay
102
6.28.
HouseholdODSurvey
Household
Summary
Date:/
Day:
Sample
No.:
Enumerator:
1.
Address
2.HeadoftheHousehold:
3.NumbersofFamily
Members
4.VehiclesOwned:
2
Wheeler
5Years
Ago
Present
Passenger
Car
Aut
o
Other
s
Availabili
tyof
Driver
License
Working
/School
Location
Bicycle
5.DetailsofHouseholdMembers:
Member
No.
Sex
(M/F)
Ag
e
Occupatio
n*
MonthlyExporton
Transport(Rs.)
MonthlyIncome(Rs.)
5Yearsago
Prese
nt
5Years
ago
Present
*Occupation,1Govt.Service,2Pvt.Service,3Business,4Student,5Housewife,6RetiredPerson,7Unemployed
Preferable(ITEMB)
103
6.29.
HouseholdODSurvey
TripSummary
6.Detailsofeachtrip
Sl.
No.
MemberNo.1
TrafficMode2
No.invehicle
Wheredidthis
tripbegin3
Wheredidthis
tripend3
Trippurpose4
TravelTime
Travelcost
Note: 1Referringtothenumbersdescribedin5.DetailsofHouseholdMembers
21Bus,2MiniBus,3Car,4Twowheeler(motorcycle).5Threewheeler(Autorickshaw),6Bicycle,7Railway,8
Walk
3Putzonenumber
41Goingtowork,2Goingtoschool,3Goinghome,4Shopping,5Leisure,and6Business
Preferable(ITEMB)
104
6.30.
RoadsideODSurvey
Direction(inboundor
outbound)
Sl.No.
Time
No.of
Passenger
TrafficMode2
Wheredidthistrip
begin?2
Wheredidthis
tripend?2
Note:1
1Bus,2MiniBus,3Car,4Twowheeler,(motorcycle),5Threewheeler(Autorickshaw),6Bicycle,7Railways,8walk
Putzonetogether
1Goingtowork,2Goingtoschool,3Goinghome,4Shopping,5Leisureand6Business
Preferable(ITEMB)
Trippurpose3
105
6.31.
PublicTransportandFreightVehicleMovementSurvey
Sl.No.
NameofCompany
Note:
1Putzonenumber
Preferable(ITEMB)
Location
Parkinglocation
Vehicletype
Wheredidthis
tripbegin?1
Wheredidthis
tripend?1
Numberofpassengers
orTypeofCargo
106
7
7.1.
Introduction
Thelayoutofmapshouldfacilitateconvenientreadingofthemapandlocationofessentialinformation
asgivenbelow:
Margin
Atrimmingmarginof10mmallaroundorthepurposeoftrimmingandedgebinding.
A second margin with thick firm line indicating the outer limits of the drawing. Such margin of
filingedgecouldbe25mmwhileonotherthreesidesitcouldbe15mmforallsizesofmaps.
Title
Thetitleofthemapshouldbeasshortaspossibleandshouldincludethegeneraltitleaswellassub
title.Sizeoflettersusedforthesubtitlesshouldbegenerallyonetotwosizessmallerthanthesizeof
lettersusedforthemaintitle.
Normally,thetitleblockshouldcontainthefollowingparticulars:
Nameoftheoffice
Drawingnumberandthetitleofthedrawing
Signatureofthedealingofficer
Dateofpreparation/revision/alteration
Titleblockshouldbelocatedatthebottomrighthandcornerofthesheetinasimplemanner.
Recommendedsizeoftitleblockis150mmX100mmforsizesA2andlargerand150mmX75mmfor
sizesA3andA4.
NorthPoint
Indicationofnorthpointisessentialonthedrawinganditcouldbelocatedimmediatelyabovethetitle
block.Whereverpossible,northpointshouldbeshownalongwiththewindrose.Thenorthpointona
mapshould,asfaraspossible,pointupwards.
Scale
Graphicscale:Graphicscaleisoneoftheessentialrequirementsofmapandpreferablyitshouldbe
given in metric system for the convenience of reproduction. The graphic scale could be drawn
abovethetitleblock.
Spatial scale: In addition to graphic scale, the spatial scale should also be given on all plans. The
spatialscaleshouldconsistofsquarewithmetricsidesandtheareacoveredbythesquareshould
be given inside the square. Such spatial scale could be located above the graphic scale in the
drawing.
Numericscale:Anumericscalegivingrepresentationfraction(R.F.)e.g.1:10,000shouldbegiven
belowthegraphicsale.
Numbering
A systematic numbering of maps / drawings would be convenient for reference. Respective
department/organizationmayallowitsownnumberingsystembasedonstandardisedmethodssuch
as:
Systematicnumbering
Consecutivenumbering
Sectionalnumbering
107
Appen
ndixGStandardLayyoutofMap
p
Figure7.1: RepresenttationofStan
ndardlayouto
ofthemap
Source:
7.2.
Co
ompilation&rep
presentationofv
varioussourceandUDPFIGuidelines
MapEn
nlargemeentandReductio
on
Mapsareggenerallyavaailableindiffeerentsizeandscalesfrom
mdifferentsources.Alltheesemapscou
uldbe
broughtin
narequiredu
uniformscaleebyemployin
nganyofthefollowingmeethods:
Squareemethod
Similaartrianglemeethod
Pantoggraph(mechanicalmetho
od)
Opticaalpantograph
hmethod
Photoggraphicmeth
hod(optical)
Digitalmethod
Thelastth
hreemethodssrequiresoph
histicatedequipment,butttheyproduccemoreaccurratemaps.
7.3.
MapNo
otation
Planning exercise of settlements

s
r
require
prep
paration of maps
m
to depiict on ground conditionss and
variety of
f data relatin
ng to physicaal and socioeconomic asspects which play cruciall role in deccision
makingan
ndshowingplansinspatiaalcontext.Bro
oadly,thesem
mapscouldb
begroupedun
nder2catego
ories.
Survey
yandstudym
maps
Develo
opmentplanmaps/Propo
osalmaps
It is important that th
he manner off preparing survey
s
and sttudy maps must
m
be closeely related an
nd in
manycaseesidenticalto
othepreparaationofpropo
osalmapstoffacilitatethequickcorrelaationofproposals
withtheeexistingcondiitions.Therefore,thenotaationsandsy
ymbolusedin
nbothsetso
ofmapsshouldbe
similaras faraspossib
ble.Notationssandsymbollsarelanguaagebythemseelvesandneeedtobedesiigned
f easy und
derstanding. For uniform
mity of preseentation, it iss also necesssary to estaablish
properly for
uniformpracticesinreegardtotheiinformationttobeincludedinthesemaaps.Takingin
ntoconsideraation
thestandaardisationof notationsan
ndinformatio
oncontentof
f themaps,ty
ypeofnotatio
onstobeado
opted
canbegro
oupedinthreebroadcateggoriesasfollo
owing:
Point
Line
Polygo
on
108
URDPFIIGuidelines,2
2014.Volum
meIIB.MinisstryofUrban
nDevelopmen
nt
AppendixG
A
GStandarrdLayouto
ofMap
Poin
nt
Poin
ntdataonmaapshallbeusedfordepictingprominen
ntfeature,lik
kebuildingorrhighestpoin
nt.Details
thatcouldbesho
ownaspointffeature,varieesdependinggonthescaleofmap.Follo
owingaresom
me
exam
mplesofpoin
ntfeaturesthaatcouldbrou
ughtunderstandardframeeworkonStaatelevel.
Figu
ure7.2: Surv
veyofIndiaT
Toposheet
Figure7.3: Internation
nalStudyinpu
uts
Sourcce:
SurveyofIIndia
Source:
ActtivityCentreZon
neMappingStyleeGuide,State
Gov
vernmentVictorria
Line
e
Lineearfeaturesccouldbeboun
ndaries,transsportationneetworkorwatterbodiesettc.Standardissationin
lineaarfeatures,sp
pecificallyad
dministrativeboundariessshallbemadeeatStatesleevel.Boundarrysymbols
asussedbySurvey
yofIndiaorgganisationcanbeusedbystatesasitw
willbringunifformityinboundary
featu
uresatnation
nallevel.
Figu
ure7.4: Surv
veyofIndiaT
Toposheet
Sourcce:
SurveyofIIndia
Poly
ygon
Acalibrationinccolour,notationandfontu
usedinmapsshouldbemaadebystated
departmentssothat
map
psofaStated
depictinformaationinunifo
ormmanneraandarerelativelyeasyforrcomparison
nandstudy
byp
public.Modeo
ofpreparatio
onofmapond
differentplattformshasim
mpactoncolo
ourandnotatiion.Thus,
astaandardisedfo
ormatoflegen
ndshallbem
made.RGB(ReedGreenBluee)colourspeecificationcan
nbe
prov
videdforcom
mputerbasedplatformslik
keGISorCAD
Detc.Followingareexamp
plesofsuchR
RGBcolour
speccifications:
:25
Red
55:51:0
Purple :10
02:0:204
Yellow
Y
:25
55:255:0
Green :0::153:0
Orange :25
55:153:0
Fonttsspecificationscanalsobeprovidedintermsofsttyle,sizeandcolour.Thou
ughthesepro
ovisions
willvaryasperthescaleandsiteofthesheetandbeacccordinglyprrovided.
UR
RDPFIGuidellines,2014.V
VolumeIIB.M
MinistryofU
UrbanDevelo
opment
109
110
8
8.1.
Introduction
The process of preparing base map by overlaying satellite imagery over cadastral maps has been
referred from chapter6 of Space based information support for decentralized planning (SISDP)
Manual:PreparationofGeospatiallayersusing(Cartosat1Pan+LISSIVMx)OrthorectifiedSatellite
Imagery of ISRO. The manual (part 2) is available for public and can be downloaded from the link:
http://www.bhuvanpanchayat.nrsc.gov.in/assets/ManualPart2.pdf.
8.2.
Process of base map formulation by overlaying Satellite
imagesovercadastralmaps
Foroverlayingcadastralmapwithsatelliteimageitisrequiredthatcadastralmaptobegeneratedin
vectormode.Inthisprocessthemaintasksareacquisitionofcadastralmaps,scanninganddigitization
ofcadastralmapsandgenerationofvectordata.Oncethecadastralmapsinvectormodeareavailable,
georeferencing of these maps can be done.The georeferencing of digital cadastral maps and
overlayingwithsatelliteimageconsistsofthefollowingsteps:
AcquisitionofGCPs
Transformationmodeldevelopmentandassessment
Georeferencingofcadastralmaps
ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inIsolation
ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,withneighbourhood
Mosaicgenerationatrevenueinspector(RI),talukaanddistrictlevel
8.2.1. Acquisitionofgroundcontrolpoints:
SufficientnumbersofGCPsshallbeidentifiedonthevectorcadastralmapandonsatelliteimage.The
characteristicsoftheGCPsareintersectionsofparcelboundaries,river/streamwithparcelboundary,
ofroadswithparcelboundaries,roadswithriversandcornersofwatertanks.TheGCPsshouldspread
uniformlyintheentiremap.
8.2.2. Transformationmodelassessment:
Transformationmodelisappliedforgeoreferencingthecadastralmap.Theareaofthevillage,number
ofsheetscoveredinasinglevillage,conditionofthecadastralmapsheets,numberandcharacteristics
of GCPs collected and terrain conditions the affect polynomial model. The transformation model is
accepted when the actual root mean square and residual errors arrived are less than the threshold
valuesi.e.6mineitherdirection.
8.2.3. Georeferencingofcadastralmaps:
Oncethetransformationmodelisaccepted,thevectorcadastralmapisgeoreferencedthroughaffine
transformation 4 in GIS environment. The outputs are further validated both visually and
mathematically.
Affine Transformation: A geometric transformation that scales, rotates, skews, and/or translates images or coordinates
between any two Euclidean spaces. It is commonly used in GIS to transform maps between coordinate systems. In an
affine transformation, parallel lines remain parallel, the midpoint of a line segment remains a midpoint, and all points on a
111
8.2.4. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inisolation:
Outputproductvalidationisanessentialelementindevelopmentoflandinformationsystem.Thegeo
referenced vector file of each village is validated with reference to the merged product. The geo
referenced vector file is overlaid on the reference image and initial validation is carried out through
visual checking. If the parcel boundaries coincide with the image features and
deviations/displacements are not observed, the georeferencing is successful. Feature matching is
checked in the following order of priority; tanks, water bodies, tank bunds, ponds, road, rail, canal,
stream,nalla,river,fieldbunds,forestboundary/vegetationboundary,abadi(villagesettlement).
8.2.5. Validation of Georeferenced map, with neighbourhood

reference:
Thisvalidationiscarriedouttoensurethatthevillageboundaryismatchingwithalladjoiningvillage
boundaries.Theboundaryshouldmatchperfectly.However,inaccordancewiththeterrainconditions,
the boundary (overlap/under lap) error tolerance in undulating terrains is kept around 15 m and in
hillyareas,thetoleranceisaround25m(SrinivasaRaoetal.,2003b).
8.2.6. MosaicgenerationatRevenue,talukaanddistrictlevel:
After georeferencing the cadastral maps to the required accuracy standards, a number of maps are
mosaiced at the next higher administrative level. While mosaicing, feature continuity as well as
attribute accuracy is to be maintained. These are the final products of georeferencing of cadastral
mapsandcanbeusedasbasemap.TheseproductsaredirectlylinkedtoLISandGISdatabases.
straight line remain on a straight line.
112
Figure9.1: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad
Source:
CodeofPracticePart1,MoUD,2012
Figure9.2: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad
Source:
113
Figure9.3: CrosssectionofAccessroad
Source:
114
10 AppendixJTravelDemandModelling
Process
10.1.
TripGeneration
The first step in travel forecasting is trip generation. In this step, information from land use,
population, and economicforecasts areusedto estimate howmany trips will be madeto andfrom
eachzone.
TypesofMostCommonlyUsedTripGenerationModels
Regressionmodels:equationssuchas:
Totaltrips=1.1*population,
Homebasedworktrips=1.5*totalemployment,etc;
Crossclassification tables based on: household size, number of workers, income class, vehicle
ownership,etc.;
Specialgeneratormodels:usedforgeneratorssuchasairports,colleges,amusementparks,green
spaces,etc.;
Separateratesforpeakandoffpeaktrips.
Assumptionsandlimitations:
Pedestrianandbicycletripsareusuallyexcludedfromtripgenerationmodels.
Commercialvehiclesneedtobegeneratedseparately.
Careshouldbetakenbeforeinterchangingvehicletriprateswithpersontriprates.
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingfortripgeneration
Compare trips per household to the regional average. There should be a valid explanation if
numbersaretoohighortoolow.
Reviewtripsperhouseholdbypurpose.
Ensurethattripproductionsandtripattractionsbalancewell.Checktripratesandadjustifthey
donotbalance
Create GIS colorcoded maps of productions and attractions to review for errors. Use special
generatorsforfacilitiessuchasschools,hospitals,malls,andrecreationalfacilitiessuchasparks,
playgrounds,etc.
Makemodelexternaltripsandvisitortripsusingexternalcordonandvisitorsurveys.
MakesureCommercialVehicleandFreightTravelisincludedinthemodel
10.2.
TripDistribution
The trip distribution model estimates number of trips travelled from one zone to another. Trip
generationonlyfindsthenumberoftripsthatbeginorendat aparticularzone.Theprocessoftrip
distribution links the trip ends to form an origindestination pattern. Trip distribution is used to
representtheprocessofdestinationchoice(i.e."Ineedtogoshopping,butwhereshouldIgotomeet
myshoppingneeds?").
The most commonly used procedure for trip distribution is called the gravity model. The gravity
modeltakesthetripsproducedatonezoneanddistributestootherzonesbasedonboththesizeof
theotherzones(asmeasuredbytheirtripattractions)andthecompositecost(traveltime,distance
or cost for all modes available) to other zones. A zone with many trip attractions (say, a large
115
shoppingcenter)willreceiveagreaternumberofdistributedtripsthanonewithfewattractions(a
smallshoppingcenter).Themathematicalformulaforagravitymodelisshownbelow:
AjFijKij
Tij = Pi
1
Where,
Tij=thenumberoftripsfromzoneitozonej,
Pi=thenumberoftripproductionsinzone
Aj=thenumberoftripattractionsinzonej,
Fij=thefrictionfactorrelatingthespatialseparationbetweenzoneiandzonej,and
Kij=anoptionaltripdistributionadjustmentfactorforinterchangesbetweenzoneiandzonej.
Distancetopossibledestinationsistheotherfactorusedinthegravitymodel.Thenumberoftripsto
a given destination decreases as the distance to the destination increases (it is inversely
proportional).Thisisrepresentedinafactorcalledfrictionfactor.Itisinverselyproportionaltothe
distanceortraveltimebetweentwozones.Frictionfactorsareusedtocalibratetriplengthsfromthe
model to observed data. The most common formulation of friction factors is through a gamma
functionasshownbelow:
F =aXtXe
ij
cxte
ij
Where,
Fij=thefrictionfactorbetweenzonesiandj,
a,b,andc=modelcoefficients;bothbandcshould,inmost cases,benegative;aisascalingfactor
andcanbevariedwithoutchangingthedistribution,
tij=thetraveltimebetweenzonesiandj,and
e=thebaseofthenaturallogarithms.
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingfortripdistribution
Comparetriplengthfrequencyfrommodelandsurveydata.
Dothisforeverypurpose
Dothisfordistanceandtime
Ifdifferent,adjustfrictionfactorsinthemodel
Maximumof510%differenceinobservedandmodelled.
ComparetrippatternsfromthemodeltodatafromODSurveys.
Aggregatedataintodistrictsandcomparetrips
Lookatnorthsouthandeastwesttrips
10.3.
ModalSplit
Modechoiceisoneofthemostcriticalpartsofthedemandmodellingprocess.Itisthestepwhere
tripsbetweenagivenoriginanddestinationaresplitintotripsusingavailablemodessuchastwo
wheeler, car, private vehicle, public transport, etc. Calculations are conducted that compare the
attractivenessoftravelbydifferentmodestodeterminetheirrelativeusage.Allproposalstoimprove
public transport or to change the ease of using private vehicles are passed through the mode
split/privatevehicleoccupancyprocessaspartoftheirassessmentandevaluation.Itisimportantto
understand what factors are used and how the process is conducted in order to plan, design, and
116
implement new systems of transportation. The most common mathematical formulation of a mode
choicemodelisalogitmodelandisasfollows:
Where,
Pi=theprobabilityofatravellerchoosingmodei,
ui = a linear function of the attributes of mode i that describe its attractiveness, also known as the
utilityofmodei,and
=thesummationofthelinearfunctionsoftheattributesofallthealternatives,k,forwhich
achoiceisavailable
Theutilityfunctioniscalculatedbasedonthefollowingequation:
Where,
IVTTi=theinvehicletraveltimesformodei,
OVTTi = set of variables measuring the outofvehicle travel times for mode iwalk, wait, and
transfertimesmayallbekeptseparateorcombined,dependingonthecalibratedstructureofthe
model,
COSTi=thecostofmodei,
ai = modespecific coefficient (constant) to account for mode bias not measurable with the
levelofservicevariables,
bi=coefficientfortheIVTTvariablesofmode
ci=asetofcoefficientsforOVTTvariablesofmodei,and
di=coefficientforCOSTvariableofmodei
KeyPointsaboutModeSplit
Mode split is done by a comparison of the "disutility" of travel between two points for the
differentmodesthatareavailable.
"Disutility"isatermusedtorepresentacombinationofthetraveltime,cost,andconvenienceof
amodebetweenanoriginandadestination.
Travel time is divided into two components: invehicle time to represent the time when a
travellerisactuallyinavehicleandmoving,andoutofvehicletime,whichincludestimespent
travellingoutsideofthevehicle(timetowalktoandfrombus/railstops,waitingtime,transfer
time).
Outofvehicle time is used to represent "inconvenience" and the coefficient for outofvehicle
timeistypicallyseveraltimeslargerthanforinvehicletime,reflectingthefactthattravellersdo
not like to wait or walk long distances to their destinations. The size of the multiplier will be
differentdependinguponthepurposeofthetrip.
Forpublictransporttrips,thecostofthetripisusuallymeasuredastheaveragepublictransport
fareforthattrip,whileforprivatevehicletrips,costisfoundbyaddingtheparkingcosttothe
length of the trip and multiplying by cost per kilometer. Private vehicle cost is based on a
"perceived"costperkilometer(ontheorderof510cents/kilometer),whichonlyincludesfuel
andoilcostsanddoesnotincludeownership,insurance,maintenance,andotherfixedcosts(total
costsofprivatevehicletravelaremuchhigher).
Disutility equations also contain a "modal constant", represents other characteristics or travel
modesthatarenotexplicitlycapturedbythevariablesinthe model,butthatmayinfluencethe
choiceofmode(suchasadifferenceincomfortbetweenpublictransportandprivatevehicles).A
modelwillhaven1constantswithnbeingthenumberofmodes.
117
Once disutilities are estimated for the various choices between an origin and a destination, the
tripsaresplitamongvariousmodesbasedontherelativedifferencesbetweendisutilities.Alarge
advantagewillmeanahighpercentageforthatmode.
Allmodelcoefficientsareestimatedusingactualtravellerdata.
TypesofModeChoiceModels:
FactoringofvehicletripsInthismodel,fixedfactorsareusedtofactortotaltripsintotripsby
mode.Thisisbasedonfixeddatafromsurveys.Thisisnotrecommendedforlongtermprojects
withhighinvestment
BinomiallogitmodelInthismodel,onlytwomodesareconsidered:privatevehicleandpublic
transport.Thisisasimplermodelandshouldbeusedwhenshortontimeanddata.
MultinomiallogitmodelThisisthemostcommontypeofmodelusedtocompareanumberof
modes.Variationsofthemodelincludenestedlogitandhierarchicallogit,whichsplitstotaltrips
first into public and private vehicles, and then into categories such as two and fourwheelers,
bus,rail,etc.
Table10.1:FactorsAffectingModeChoice
Factor
PrivateVehicle
PublicTransport
InVehicleTime
CongesteddrivingTime
Timeridingpublictransport
OutofVehicleTime
WalktoVehiclefromparking
Walktostop,wait/transfertime,walkfromstoptodestination
Cost
Costoffuel,parking,tolls
Fare
Source:DevelopmentofTrainingMaterialunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,ReferenceGuideVolume2Demand
Assessment,MoUD
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingformodalsplit
Compareobservedmodalsplittoestimatedmodalsplit
Dothisforeverypurpose
Maximumof510%differenceinobservedandmodelled.
Atypicalrangeforvalueofinvehicletimecoefficientisbetween0.015and0.02.
Atypicalrangeforvalueofoutofvehicletimecoefficientis23timestheinvehiclecoefficient.
Constanttermsshouldnotbetoohighorlow.
Performsensitivityteststomakesuremodelisstable.
Increase/decreasetraveltimes/faresofhighwayandPT
Changesocioeconomicdata
Thefirstthreestepsofmodellinggeneratetotalpersontripsintheregion.Beforeassigningthemto
roadnetwork,persontripsneedtobeconvertedintovehicletrips.Thefirststepinthisprocessisto
split private vehicles trips into private vehicle driver and private vehicle passenger trips. Private
vehicle occupancy analysis is often a highly simplified process that uses fixed private vehicle
occupancy rates for a given trip purpose or for household size and private vehicle ownership
categories.
Tripsarethenconvertedintoanorigindestinationformatfor conductingdailyassignments.Traffic
variesconsiderablythroughoutthedayandduringtheweek.Thetraveldemandforecastsaremade
onadailybasisforatypicalweekdayandthenconvertedinto peakhourconditions.Dailytripsare
multipliedbyan"houradjustmentfactor",forexample,10%,toconvertthemintopeakhourtrips.
Thenumberassumedforthisfactorisverycritical.Asmallvariation,say,plusorminusonepercent,
willmakeasignificantdifferenceinthelevelofcongestionthatwouldbeforecastonanetwork.Most
models are unable to represent how travellers tend to cope with congestion by changing the time
theymaketheirtrips,althoughadvancedtraveldemandmodelsandactivitymodelsrepresenttime
oftravelexplicitly.
118
10.4.
TrafficAssignment
Oncetripshavebeensplitintohighwayandpublictransporttrips,thespecificroutethattheyuseto
travelfromtheirorigintotheirdestinationmustbefound.Thesetripsarethenassignedtothatroute
inthestepcalledtrafficassignment.Trafficassignmentisconducteddifferentlyforhighwaytripsand
publictransporttrips.
The process first involves the calculation of the shortest path from each origin to all destinations
(usuallytheminimumtimepathisused).TripsforeachODpairarethenassignedtothelinksinthe
minimumpath,andthetripsareaddedupforeachlink.Theassignedtripvolumeisthencompared
tothecapacityofthelinktoseewhetheritiscongested.If alinkiscongested,thespeedonthelink
needstobereducedtoresultinalongertraveltimeonthatlink.Whenspeedsandtraveltimesare
changed, the shortest path may change. Hence, the whole process must be repeated many times
(iterated)untilthereisanequilibriumbetweentraveldemandandtravelsupply.Tripsoncongested
linkswillbeshiftedtouncongestedlinksuntilthisequilibriumconditionoccurs.Thereareavariety
ofwaysinwhichthecalculationsaredonetoreachnetworkequilibrium.Onewaytogetafeelforthe
accuracy of the models is to look at the resulting speeds on the network. These should be realistic
afterequilibrium.
Publictransporttripassignmentisdoneinasimilarway,exceptthatpublictransportheadwaysare
adjusted rather thantravel times. Public transport headways (minutes betweenvehicles) affect the
capacityofapublictransportroute.Lowheadwaysmeanthatthereismorefrequentserviceanda
greater number of vehicles. Public transport supply and demand are also recalculated to reach
equilibriumbetweensupplyanddemand.
It is important to understand the concept of equilibrium. If a highway or public transport route is
congested during peak hours, its excess trips will be shifted to alternative routes. If the alternative
routesarealsocongested,thefinalresultswillshowcongestionoverawidepartofthenetwork.In
therealworld,thiscongestionwilleventuallydissipateovertime.
Another important step in assignment is the time of day analysis. Daily trip patterns need to be
convertedintopeaktimeperiodtraffic.Akeyassumptionneededistheportionofdailytravelthat
occursduringthepeakperiod.Thisisnormallyusedasaconstant,andconventionaltravelmodels
haveverylimitedcapabilitytodescribehowtravellerswillshifttheirtripstolesscongestedtimesof
theday.
Validation and Reasonableness checking for traffic assignment
Thefollowingsummariesshouldbeprepared:
Comparetrafficvolumeswithobservedcounts.
Volumesbyroadclass
Volumesbyareatype
Volumesbyscreenlines
Volumesatexternalcordons
Observedvs.estimatedspeeds
ComparePTridershipfromthemodelwithobservedridership.
Ridershipbyroutegroupsshouldbewithin+/15%
119
10.5.
ModelForecasts
Forecasting is the process of using a fully calibrated and validated model to estimate future year
trafficvolumesandpublictransportridership.
InputsforForecasts
Socioeconomicdata,suchaspopulation,incomeclass,andemploymentforecasts;
Listofapprovedhighwayandpublictransportprojectsandalistofprojectstobeevaluated.
Transportation forecasting processes should consider a broad range of alternatives. There can be
alternative modes of transportation, alternative locations of different systems, alternative levels of
capacity,oralternativepolicies.Thiswouldincludethefollowing:
A nobuild alternative: This is basically the status quo with continuing maintenance and
operationofthecurrenttransportationsystem.Itmayincludesubstantialeffortstoimprove
theefficiencyandutilizationofexistingtransportationsystems.Theseareconsideredasan
alternative to building new systems. Developing a nobuild alternative is a must for
evaluating other alternatives. Every new investment alternative has to be compared to the
nobuildalternativetoseeiftheimprovementjustifiesthecost.
Travel demand management policies: Transportation services require a broad range of
policiestofunction.Traveldemandmanagementinvolveseffortstomakethecurrentsystem
more efficient and to use techniques to reduce demand during critical periods. This is not
unlike programs that utility companies have used to promote energy conservation among
their customers. Some of the techniques that could be used include: use of priority
techniques for high occupancy vehicles, parking regulation, efforts to shift when travel
occurs,promotionoftelecommuting,publictransportserviceimprovements,useofpricing
techniques,etc.
Landusealternatives:Differentlandusepatternsandpoliciescanbeusedtoaffecttravel
demandandtoaffecttheuseofnaturalresources.Thesecould includeconcentratedurban
developmentpatterns,increasedsuburbangrowth,orsomecombination.
Modal alternatives: Different modes of transportation such as highway, public transport,
ridesharing,freight,etc.shouldbeconsidered.Generally,transportationplansareconcerned
withpickingthebestcombinationofmodestodealwithaparticularproblem.Singlemode
plans such as a highway plan, public transport plan, etc. should not be done without first
considering other modes. All options should be considered in order to develop a balanced
transportationsystem.
Capacitychanges:Thecapacityofeachmode(numberoflanes,howoftenpublictransport
vehiclesoperate)canbevariedindifferentalternatives.Highwaycapacitydependsonmany
factors besides the number of lanes, such as intersection characteristics, traffic signal
systems,andthecharacteristicsofaccessalongthehighway.
Alternative locations: Proper location of public transport and highway facilities is an
important part of their success. Facilities should be located to serve travel markets and to
facilitatelanddevelopmentpatternsthataregoodforthecommunity.
120
11 AppendixKRoadSafetyChecklist
11.1.
Introduction
Toencourageroadsafety,checklistshavebeenprovidedinthissectionwhichcanbeutilisedat
variousstagesofprojectlifecycle.
Table11.1: RoadSafetyChecklists
Checklist
No.
1
Audit:Stage:1Duringfeasibilitystudy
Audit:Stage:2Completionofpreliminarydesign
Audit:Stage:3Completionofdetaileddesign
Audit:Stage:4Duringconstructionstage
Audit:Stage:5Completionofconstruction/preopening
Audit:Stage:6OnexistingroadsorduringOperation&Management
Planning
Alignment
Crosssection
10
Junctions
11
Roadsigns
12
Roadmarkings
13
Lighting
14
Roadsidehazards
15
Roadsidefacilities
16
Vulnerableroadusers
17
Developmentproposals
18
Maintenancework
Source:
11.2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Checklist
ManualonRoadSafetyAudit,IRC:SP:882010,Page67
CHECKLIST1Audit:Stage1(DuringFeasibilityStudy)
What is the category of road for which the feasibility study has been carried out e.g.,
Expressway,NationalHighway,StateHighwayorOtherRoads?
Istheroadintendedtocarryhighspeedtrafficorservelocalaccessneedsonly?
What kind of traffic is likely ranging from high speed mixed traffic or for more general
use,includingbicyclesandsignificantpedestriantraffic?
Do the chosen type of road and the standards, alignment and crosssection offer
optimum road safety to all groups of road user including disabled in combination with
theexpectedtrafficdensityandspeeds?
Does the project follow existing roads or is it a 'green field project' and what are the
effectsofthis?
Check whether appropriate design standards have been used having regard to the
scopeoftheproject,anditsfunctioninrelationtothetrafficmix.
Check the appropriateness of the designs for the design volume and traffic
characteristics.
Hasaccesscontrolbeenproposed?
Will the proposed scheme be compatible with the standard of conjoining road
sections?
Willtherebesufficientopportunitiesforovertaking?
121
11. Arethenumberanddistributionofintersectionsappropriateinrelationto:
a.
Thedesiredfunctionofthenewroad?
b.
Impact on the surrounding, adjacent and/or offloaded road network (does the
projectsimplymovepresentproblems)?
c.
Accessibilityforpublictransportandemergencyvehicles?
12. Arejunctiontypesshownthesafestavailableateachlocation,inrelationtotheexpectedturning
volumes?
13. Are the proposed horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with visibility
requirementsbothalongtheroadandjunctions?
14. Has lighting been planned? If so, does the lighting offer maximum safety, both on links
andatjunctions?
15. Willtheprojecthaveanyeffectonexistingpedestrianandcycleroutes?
16. Does the project include measures for vulnerable roadusers and if so, do these
measuresoffermaximumsafety?
17. Do the available accident data for the existing/adjacent road network give reason to
expectparticularroadsafetyproblemsintheproposedproject?
18. Whethernonmotorisedtrafficisexpectedtocauseproblems?
19. Whatisthelikelihoodoffuturewidening?
20. Do the gradients, curves and general design approach fit in with the class of terrain
andlikelyweatherorenvironmentalaspects?
21. Check any special events creating unusual or hazardous conditions and any other
matter,whichmayhaveabearingonsafety.
22. Othercheckspertinenttotheprojectatdiscretionofauditororclient.
11.3. CHECKLIST 2 Audit: Stage 2 (Completion of

PreliminaryDesign)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?
2. Is the desired speed compatible with the crosssection and other design elements and is the
desiredspeedrealistic?
3. Crosssection:
a.
Hasdelineationofthecarriagewaywithakerbbeenproposed?
b.
Isthereadequatespaceforallgroupsofroadusers?
c.
Isthereappropriateseparationbetweenvariousgroupsofroadusers?
4. HorizontalandVerticalalignmentandvisibility:
a.
Does the proposed alignment satisfy any demands on visibility at junctions and sight
distancesonfreesections?
b.
Will sight distances/visibility be blocked by traffic signs, guardrails, bridge parapets,
buildings,rigidobstaclesorplantations(nowandinthefuture)
c.
Can parts of the project constitute a risk, especially in combination (e.g. peaks in the
verticalalignmentplussharphorizontalbends,crestsofhillsplustrafficsignals)?
5. Are the lane widths, shoulders, medians and other crosssection features in accordance with
standarddesignandadequateforthefunctionoftheroad?
6. Checkwhetherthereareundesirablevariationsincrosssectiondesign.Checkcrossfalls,which
couldaffectsafety,particularlywheresectionsofexistinghighwayhavebeenutilized,orwhere
therehavebeencompromisestoaccommodateaccesstoabuttingproperties.
7. Check the safety aspects of shoulder provision, including the provision of paved and earthen
shoulders, the width and treatment on embankments and crossfall of shoulders? Are the
shoulderslikelytobeusedbyslowmovingvehiclesorcyclists?
8. Checkfortheprovisionofclimbinglanesinhillysectionswhereverticalgradientsaresteepfor
considerablelengthofthehighway?
122
9. Junctions,interchangesandtheirdesign:
a.
Will road users coming from all directions (including side roads) be able to see
that they are approaching a conflict area? Are giveway lines, stop lines,
turninglanesandrampsclearlyvisible?
b.
Are existing conjoining and intersecting roads appropriately adjusted and
matchedtothenewroad(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
c.
Do the routes of road users through the junction seem clear for all directions
andmanoeuvres?
d.
Istheresufficientspaceforalltypesofvehiclestoundertakeallmanoeuvres?
e.
Arethecrossingfacilitiesforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtrafficadequateandsafe?
f.
Canparkingcauseproblems?
g.
Haveroundaboutsbeenconsidered?
(Inurbanareas,ghostmarkingsandleftturninglaneswithislandsaresafest;theypreventovertaking
andassistpedestriansandcyclistswhoarecrossingtheroad.)
10. Decidewhetherornotold,unremovedsectionofroadcangiveundesiredopticaldirections.
11. Specialpointsatroundabouts:
a.
Areallentrancelanescurvedandisspeedadequatelyreduced?
b.
Willthecentralislandbevisible?
c.
Are the measures taken for the benefit of pedestrians from a safe stopping distance and
cycletrafficadequate?
12. Atthejunction/transitiontoexistingroads(especiallyfrommultilanetotwolane,dualtosingle
carriageway):
a.
Aretheresuddenchangesofalignment?
b.
Does the road standard change too rapidly, or can road users clearly see and
recognizethetransitioningoodtime?
c.
Would a roundabout be able to mitigate any sudden changes in standards and
alignment?
13. Are existing junctions and intersections adjusted and matched to the new road appropriately
(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
14. Are there any constructions that will be difficult to drain and are the crossfall and any gutter
gradientadequateatthecriticalspots?
15. Arethereplaceswherethereisariskofflooding?
16. Willovertakingbepreventedatcriticalplaces(notsimplyby restrictions,butalsobymakingit
quiteapparentthatovertakingisprohibited)?
17. Ifsignsandroadmarkingshavebeenproposed:
a.
Arethemarkingsconsistentandaretheyadequate?
b.
Hasthequantityofinformationbeenkeptatareasonablelevel?
18. Ifmarkingshavenotbeenproposed:willspecialmarkingsbenecessary?
19. Isthereanyriskthatcannotbe"markedoutofexistence"?
20. Will there be any large sign constructions? If so; will guardrails or breakaway safety
devicesprotectthem?
21. Hasitbeenproposedthatlightingbelocatedontheoutsideorinsideofbends?
22. Willitbepossibletocarryoutmaintenancework(onlighting,gantries,plantations,etc.)safely
andwithoutusingthecarriagewayorcyclepath?
23. Is the landscaping design or plantation likely to lead to a lowering of safety with mature or
seasonalgrowth?Isfrangiblevegetationappropriate?
24. Aretherearrangementsforsafeaccessbyemergencyvehicles?Checkthedesignofmediansand
barriers,andtheabilityofemergencyvehiclestostopwithoutnecessarilydisruptingtraffic?
25. Pedestrians
a.
Havepedestrianneedsbeenconsidered?
b.
If footpaths are not specifically provided, is the road layout safe for use by
pedestrians,particularlyatblindcornersandonbridges?
123
c.
d.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Arepedestriansubwaysorfootbridgessitedtoprovidemaximumuse?
Is the avoidance of footbridges or subways possible by crossing the road at
grade?
e.
Has specific provision been made for pedestrian crossings, school crossings
orpedestriansignals?
f.
Arepedestrianrefuges/kerbextensionsneeded?
g.
Whetherneedsofdisabledroaduserstakencareof?
Havetheneedsofpublictransportusersbeenconsidered?Arebusstopspositionedforsafety?
Is lighting envisaged in specified locations of the project? Are the difficulties of illuminating
sectionsof the roadcaused by treesorover bridges,for example?Are there any aspectsof the
provisionofthelightingpoles,whichwouldrequireconsiderationfromthesafetypointofview
intheirbeingstruckbyvehicles?
Isadequatesafeaccesstotheworksiteavailable?
Arethereanyfactorsrequiringspecificroadsafetyprovision,includingmaintenance?
Are there any traffic management features, which would require special attention during
constructionorduringthetransitionfromconstructiontofulloperation?
Otherchecksmadeatdiscretionofauditororclient.
124
11.4.
CHECKLIST3Audit:Stage3(CompletionofDetailedDesign)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,reasonsthereof?
2. Visibility,sightdistance
a.
Are horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with the required visibility
requirements?
b.
Confirm whether the standard adopted for provision of visibility in the design is
appropriatefortherulingdesignspeedandforanyunusualtrafficmix.
c.
Checkwhethersightlinesareobstructedby:
i.
Safetyfences
ii.
Boundaryfences
iii.
Streetfurniture
iv.
Parkingfacilities
v.
Signs
vi.
Landscaping
vii.
Bridgeabutments
d.
Checkwhetherrailwaycrossings,bridgesandotherhazardsareconspicuous.
e.
Will sight lines to be obstructed by temporary features such as parked vehicles
inlaybyesorparkedorqueuedtraffichasbeentakencareof?
3. Check whether the design standards are appropriate for all the new requirements of the
proposed project and check for consistency of general standards and guidelines such as lane
widths,camberandcrossfall.
4. Crosssections:
a.
Arecrossfallsappropriate?
b.
Isthereasuitableguttergradientoristhecarriagewaylaidatasuitableheightabovethe
shoulder?
5. Lightingcolumns,trafficsignals,signstandards,etcetera:
a.
Haverequirementsonsafedistancestocarriagewayandcyclepathbeenobserved?
b.
Havebreakawaysafetydevicesorsuchlikebeenproposed?
6. Signsandmarkings:
a.
Aremarkingsconsistentalongtheentireroadsection?
b.
Istheinformationclear?
c.
Arethereenoughsigns?
d.
Aretheretoomanysigns?
e.
Will signs mask each other or traffic signals (be sure to include all plans for
signsandmarkingsinyourassessment)?
f.
Are the signs correctly positioned, without obstructing sight distances/visibility
inanyway?
7. Aretheproposedtypesofkerbstone/edgemarkingappropriate?
8. Lighting:
a.
Is there any risk that the lighting can be optically misleading and will it have any
detrimentaleffectsontrafficsignalsandsigns?
b.
Arethereanyunlitareasthatcouldconcealhazards?
c.
Willanilluminatedsideroadmisleadroadusersontheplanned,unlitroad?
d.
Are all pedestrian crossings illuminated (not merely the formally marked
crossings, but also unmarked places where pedestrians could be expected to
cross)?
e.
Willpowerfulilluminationofadjoiningareasorstronglyilluminatedadvertisementscause
problems?
9. Junctions,interchangesandtheirdesign:
125
a.
Will road users comingfrom all directions (includingside roads) be able to seethat they
are approaching a conflict area? Are giveway lines, stop lines, turning lanes and ramps
clearlyvisible?
b.
Areexistingconjoiningandintersectingroadsappropriatelyadjustedandmatchedtothe
newroad(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
c.
Do the routes of road users through the junction seem clear for all directions and
manoeuvres?
d.
Istheresufficientspaceforalltypesofvehiclestoundertakeallmanoeuvres?
e.
Arethecrossingfacilitiesforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtrafficadequateandsafe?
f.
Canparkingcauseproblems?
g.
Haveroundaboutsbeenconsidered?
(Inurbanareas,ghostmarkingsandleftturninglaneswithislandsaresafest;theypreventovertaking
andassistpedestriansandcyclistswhoarecrossingtheroad.)
10. Decidewhetherornotold,unremovedsectionofroadcangiveundesiredopticaldirections.
11. Specialpointsatroundabouts:
a.
Areallentrancelanescurvedandisspeedadequatelyreduced?
b.
Willthecentralislandbevisible?
c.
Arethemeasurestakenforthebenefitofpedestriansfromsafestoppingdistanceandcycle
trafficadequate?
12. Atthejunction/transitiontoexistingroads(especiallyfrommultilanetotwolane,dualtosingle
carriageway):
a.
Aretheresuddenchangesofalignment?
b.
Does the road standard change too rapidly, or can road users clearly see and
recognisethetransitioningoodtime?
c.
Would a roundabout be able to mitigate any sudden changes in standards and
alignment?
13. Are existing junctions and intersections adjusted and matched to the new road appropriately
(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
14. Guardrails,hedgesandrailings:
a.
Areallvulnerableareasprotected?
b.
Arebridgepillars,steelpostsandtreesetc.,protectedbyguardrailswherenecessary?
c.
Arethereplaceswherehedgesarenecessarytopreventpedestriansfromcrossing?
d.
Arethechosenhedges/guardrails"light"enough?
e.
Doesguardrails/roadsidefurniturehaveanyhazardoussharpprotrudingedges?
15. Roadsurface:
a.
Hasaporoustypeofsurfacebeenchosen?
b.
Willanexceptionallyhighfrictionsurfacebenecessaryinespeciallyexposedplaces?
c.
Wouldachangeofsurfaceasapurelyvisualsignaltoroadusersbeofbenefit?Usedinthis
way,couldachangeofsurfacebemisunderstoodbyroadusers?
16. At junction/transition to existing road network (especially from multilane to twolane,
endofcentralreserve)
a.
Istheresufficientadvancewarning?
b.
Arereflectorpostscorrectlypositioned?
c.
Areghostmarkingsappropriateinconnectionwiththemergingoftwolanes?
d.
Istherecontinuityofedgemarkings?
17. For twolane sections prepared for expansion to four lanes with central reserve
(e.g.expresswaysbuiltas"semimotorways"):
a.
Will road users be clear everywhere that they are not on a oneway, twolane
carriageway?
b.
Shouldnightilluminationofsignsbeofextrahighstandard?
c.
Isovertakingpreventedatallpointswherepreventionisnecessary?
126
d.
Should special measures be adopted at bridges built with a view to future

expansion?
18. Examine adjoining areas for potential safety problems (airfield, signals for maritime
trafficandrailways,flyinggolfballsetc.).
19. Additional temporary signs will be necessary for most new constructions. In this context
consider:
a.
Isthetext,etc.comprehensibleandcorrect?
b.
Haveallsignsetc.,beenpositionedsafely?
c.
Whenwilltheyberemoved?
(Besurealsotousetheseparatechecklistsforspecificfacilitiesandmeasures.)
20. Landscaping:
a.
Is there advertising conflict between landscaping and visibility requirements?
Has ultimate growth height been considered and potential obstructions to
pedestrianvisibilityandpotentialfortreestobecomecollisionobjects?
b.
Willmaintenanceofsoftlandscapingbesafe?
21. Plantations:
a.
Willplantationsobscurevisibilityandhasamaximumheightbeenspecified?
b.
Areplantationslikelytoencroachonmarkingsorlighting?
c.
Will fullygrown trees constitute a hazard (have the requirements on distances to rigid
obstaclesbeobserved)?
d.
Canmaintenancebecarriedoutsafely?
22. Laybyes:
a. Arethereanylaybyesavailableinthesection?
b. Is the bye properly located and it is not inconvenient to the drivers to stop the
vehicles?
c. Is there any need to modify the laybye design (if yes, suggest the parameters
thatneedmodification)?
d. Are advance warning signs and markings properly guiding the driver about the
laybye?
e. Isthereanyneedofanyadditionalsignsandmarkings?
23. Check provision for pedestrians to cross safely at intersections, signalised and
pedestriancrossings,refuges,kerbextensionsandatotherlocations.
24. Are median barriers necessary and have they been properly detailed? Are there any
designfeaturessuchasendconditionswhichrequirespecialattention?
25. Arethereanypoleslocatedadjacenttomovingtrafficwhichcouldbesitedelsewhere?
26. Havefrangibleorbreakawaypolesbeendetailed?
27. Istheunprotectedmedianwidthadequatetoaccommodatelightingpoles?
28. Arethereanyobstructions,whicharelikelytocreateasafetyhazardandcantheybemitigatedor
relocated?
29. Isacrashbarrierprovidedwherevernecessaryandisitproperlydetailed?
30. Checkwhetheraccesstostructuresandroadfurnitureissafe.Checkthattheroadorutilitiesin
theroadreservecanbemaintainedsafely.Bothroadusersandmaintenancepersonnelshouldbe
considered.
31. Check that the requirements for the traffic management of the construction site and safety
measuresneededforworkersandroadusershavebeenadequatelyspelledoutfromthesafety
pointofviewincludingthetransitionfromtheexistingarrangementstotheconstructionsiteand
fromtheconstructionsitetothefinallayoutcanbeeffectedsafely.
32. Check for the arrangement for temporary and permanent traffic control devices, including
possiblesignals,temporarydiversionetc.
33. Checkthatthedesigndulyconsiderstheneedsofpersonswithdisabilities.
34. Otherchecksmadeatdiscretionofauditororclient.
127
11.5.
CHECKLIST4Audit:Stage4(DuringConstructionStage)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?
2. Whether information regarding the construction zone approaching has been provided
wellinadvanceornot?
3. Whether standard procedure and contract conditions provided for proper
management of the construction site and road users are properly and safely
accommodated?
4. Whether the transitions from the existing road to the site of works safely and clearly laid
out?
5. Whether the width of the lanes is satisfactory for the traffic passing through the works
area?
6. Whethersightandstoppingdistancesadequateatsiteofworksandatintersections?
7. Whether bus stops appropriately located with adequate clearance from the traffic lane
forsafetyandvisibility.
8. Whether appropriate street lighting or other delineation provided at the road works to
ensure that the site is safe at night? Check the night time visibility of traffic control
devices.
9. Check for proper education and training programme for site operators and
managers, which would assist in creating and maintaining safer environment for
constructionworkersandroadusers.
10. For clear and sufficient information to the road user, advance warning signs installed
ornot?
11. Isthereanyprovisionofmarkedlanesforsafeandclearlyguidingroadusers?
12. Whether suitable measures provided through construction zones to control driver
behaviour?
13. Check for the adequacy of traffic control devices (such as signs, markings, cones,
drums, delineators, barricades, flashing lights etc.) required for each zone i.e., at
advance warning zone, at approach transition zone and at work zone? Check for
placementandvisibilityofthesecontroldevices.
14. Has permission been taken while changing the standard layouts from safety point of
view?
15. Whetherpoliceandotheremergencyservicesbeenconsulted?
16. Check for proper care and attention for pedestrian and nonmotorised traffic at
constructionsites.
17. Checkforadequatesafetyprovisionsfortheelderlyandpersonswithdisabilities.
18. Whether construction workers provided with protective clothing etc. reflecting jackets,
hardhats,glovesetc.?
19. Whether flagmen are available on duty at the appropriate places? Check for proper
traffic management practice to avoid inhibiting traffic to pass clear of work site and
necessaryattentiontoroadsidesafety.
20. Whether the temporary diversion is provided at work zones in compliance with the
contractandtrafficmanagementplanapprovedbytheEngineer.
21. Whether the Traffic Management Plan at work site prepared and submitted by the
ContractortotheEngineerforapproval.
22. IstheSupervisionEngineerensuringtherequiredqualityoftrafficmanagementplan?
23. Whether arrangements of First Aid Box and other emergency care exist for persons
gettinginjured.
24. Whethersuitablespeedreducingmeasuresareprovidedatworkzones.
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11.6.
CHECKLIST5Audit:Stage5 (CompletionofConstruction/Pre
Opening)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagesbeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?(Involvethe
siteengineer)
2. Testtheinstallationsoftrafficcontroldevicesasaroaduser:bycar,bytruck,bybus,bycycleand
onfootfromdisabledroaduserangle.Alsointhedark/nighthours.
3. Examinethecarriagewayfordefects,especiallyatjunctionstoexistingroads.
4. Hastheopeningoftheroadfacilitybeenadequatelypublicized?
5. Howwillthetransitionphaseproceed?
6. Checkthatprovisionforemergencyvehicleaccessandstoppingissafe?
7. Checkthatalldelineatorsandpavementmarkingsarecorrectlyinplace.
8. Check that all signs and other traffic control devices are correctly in place. Check that they are
likelytoremainvisibleatalltimes.
9. Checkthattheroadmarkingsasinstalledhavesufficientcontrastwiththesurfacingandareclear
ofdebris.
10. Checkthatalllightingoperatingiseffectivefromsafetypointofview.
11. Checkthatnoroadsidehazardhasbeeninstalledoroverlooked.
12. Check that the form and function of the road and its traffic management are easily recognised
underlikelyoperatingconditions.
13. Check that all temporary arrangements, signing, etcetera have been removed and replaced
bypermanentarrangements.
11.7.
CHECKLIST 6 Audit: Stage 6 (On Existing Roads or During

Operation&Management)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Carryoutinspectiondonotforgettotaketheresultsofaccidentsanalysisandrelevantchecklists
withyou.
Doestheactualfunctionoftheroadcorrespondtoitsintendedfunction?
Aretheprevailingspeedlevelswithindesirablelimits?
Do the equipment and standard of the road correspond to its function, speed level and
classification?(Usechecklist2and3,aswellasanyspecificchecklists,whicharerelevant.)
Doroadusersparkinwaysthatcouldconstitutehazards?
Doplantationsobscurevisibilityortheviewofsigns?
Arethesurfaceandcarriagewaymarkingsingoodcondition?
Are there any signs that road users drive over islands or kerbs or that the routes taken by
motoriststhroughjunctionsandbendsarelessthanideal?
Aretheresignsofotherconflictsituationsandminoraccidents?
Arethespecifieddistancestorigidobstaclesmaintainedforallgroupsofroadusers?
Aremediansandislandsofadequatewidthforthelikelyusers?
Aretheresignsofpedestriantrafficinplacesthatseemhazardoustopedestrians?
Doesthereappeartobeaneedformoreorbettercrossingfacilitiesforpedestrians?
Doesthereappeartobeaneedformoreorbetterfacilitiesforcyclists?
Hasdueconsiderationbeengiventochildren,theelderly,personswithdisabilities?
Arebusstopsandbusbayssafelylocatedwithadequatevisibilityandclearancetothetrafficlane?
Anyprovisionsforparkingsatisfactoryinrelationtotrafficoperationsandsafety?
Are all locations free ofconstructionormaintenanceequipment, and any signing ortemporary
trafficcontroldevicesthatarenolongerrequired?
Areovertakingopportunitiesavailableforheavyvehicleswherevolumesarehigh?
Aretheroadboundariesfreeofanyactivitiesthatarelikelytodistractdrivers?
129
21. Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along the route appropriate and
adequate?
22. Is sufficient warning provided in advance of breaks in service roads and openings in
mediansfortrafficusingmultilanehighway?
23. Are there reasonable traffic calming measures in place for the road stretches passing
throughhabitationsandbuiltupareas?
11.8.
CHECKLIST7Planning
1. Is there a development plan or development strategy for the area and, if so, does the project
conformtothis?
2. Is the proposed design appropriate in relation to the forecast traffic volumes, traffic
characteristicsandtheadjoininglanduse?
3. Does the route fit in with the physical constraints imposed by the topography? Does the route
servemajorgeneratorsoftrafficinasafeandadequatemanner?
4. Isthefrequencyofjunctionsandtheirtypeappropriateforthefunctionoftheroadanditsdesign
speed?
5. Doestheprojectroadfitinwellwiththeexistingroadnetwork?(Checkforpotentialproblemsat
theconnectionswillchangesintrafficvolumescauseproblems)
6. Doestheprojectroadrelieveroutesorsiteswithbadaccidentrecords?Doesithaveanyharmful
effectsonsafetyonthesurroundingroadnetwork?
11.9.
CHECKLIST8Alignment
1. Istheproposeddesignspeedappropriatetothefunctionoftheroad,themixoftrafficlikelyto
use it, and the road environment? (Check whether different sections need different design
speeds?).
2. If the speed is not up to the mark of design speed, whether proper cautionary sign have been
provided?
3. Does the alignment (horizontal and vertical) give sufficient forward visibility for the selected
designspeed?(Checkforinadequatestoppingsightdistances)
4. Checkforconsistencythroughouttheroute;noteanylocationwherealignmentstandardchanges
abruptlyandisnotaswouldbeexpectedbydrivers.
5. Dothehorizontalandverticalalignmentsfittogethercomfortably?(Checkforbadcombinations,
suchasasharpbendimmediatelyafterasummitcurve,andsagcurvewithinabend).
6. Does the alignment provide safe overtaking opportunities? Does it avoid creating situations
where the forward visibility is marginal for overtaking (neither clearly adequate nor
inadequate)?
7. Doesthetreatmentatcurves,proposedifany,makeappropriate,adequateandsafeprovisionfor
transitioncurves,superelevationandcarriagewayandformationwidening?
8. Doestheverticalalignmentposeexcessivedemandsonthepowerofheavyvehicles?Hasitbeen
designed so those maximum grades are interspersed with recovery grades? Are there passing
placestoenablefastervehiclestoovertakeslowmovingheavyvehicles?
9. Isthetransitionbetweenprojectroadandtheexistingroad(s)i.e.,accessroadshandledsafely?
130
11.10. CHECKLIST9CrossSection
1. Arethewidthsofthecarriageway,shoulders,medians(ifany),serviceroadsinaccordancewith
standardsandadequateforthefunctionoftheroadandvolumeandthemixoftrafficlikelytouse
it?
2. Checkwhetherbridgeshavefootpathsandtheyhavepropergradients/crashbarriers.
3. Note any location where the crosssection standard changes abruptly along the route or is
otherwiseinconsistentwithdriverexpectations.
4. Identify any locations where the capacity of the roadway is restricted and note locations of
regulartrafficcongestion.
5. Havetheshouldersandsideslopesbeendesignedtoasafestandardandnoteanylocationswith
inadequateshoulderwidth?
6. Havethesidedrainsbeendesignedtoasafestandard?Arethebatterslopesanddrainssafefor
runoffvehiclestotraverse?
7. Is the transition between the project road and the existing road(s) handled safely?
(Checkformajorchangesinstandards).
8. CheckwhetherthecrosssectionhasadequateprovisionfortheVulnerableRoadUsersincluding
personswithdisabilities:
a.
Pedestrians: Have paved footpath, adequate refuge width on median and
properramps,upanddownkerbs,wherethereisregularpedestriantraffic?
b.
Bicyclists: Segregated areas (e.g. paved shoulders) where numbers are
significant.
11.11. CHECKLIST10Junctions
General
1. Is the general layout of junction caters safely for all road users including disabled road users?
(Checkwhetherthereareotherjunctionstooclosetoit.Checkwhetherapproachingdriverswill
getaclearviewofit.Checkwithrespecttopedestrians,cyclistsandtwowheelersetc.)
2. Thetypeofjunction(Ttype,staggered,signalcontrolled,roundabout)suitableforthefunction
ofthetwoormoreroads,thetrafficvolume,thetrafficmovements(pedestriansandvehicular)
andthesiteconstraints?Isitsafestalternative?
3. Isthelayoutofthejunctionadequateforallpermittedvehicularmovementsandforalltypesof
vehicles?
4. Will the general type of junction, its layout and the priority rules be recognised by approaching
drivers well in time? Is the route through junction as simple and clear as possible? (Check for
unusualorovercomplicatedlayouts?Checkthatsignagesandmarkingarecorrectandclear?)
5. Doesthelayoutencourageslowcontrolledspeedsatandonthe approachtostop/givewaylines
andothercriticaldecisionpoints?(CheckforYandskewjunctions,whichcanbeaproblem.Also
roundaboutwithinadequatedeflection?)
6. Arethesightlinesatandontheapproachtostop/givewaylinesandothercriticaldecisionpoints
adequate and unobstructed? (Check for Y and skew junction, which can be problem. Check signs,
lightingcolumns,pedestrianguardrailsetc.?)
7. Isthereadequateprovisionforchannelisingthedifferentstreamsoftraffic?(Checktheprovision
forrightturnlanes,decelerationlanesandaccelerationlanes?)
8. Isadequateprovisionmadeforpedestriansandnonmotorisedvehicles?
9. Istheprovisionofnighttimelightingadequate,ifnotwhatthedeficienciesare?
10. Arejunction(s)atthatstretchhavingpropermarkings,signsandstudstoavoidaccidents?
131
Roundabouts
1. Is the geometry simple and easily understood? (Pay attention to roundabouts which are not
circular,orwhichhaveawkwardentrypaths).
2. Aretheretoomanyentriesforsafeefficientoperation?Aretheysufficientlyseparatedfromeach
othertoavoidconfusion?
3. Doesthedesigndeflectenteringtrafficsufficientlytoensureentryspeedsaresafer?(Checkentry
pathcurvature,centreislandsizeandpositioning).
4. Is there visibility for entering traffic adequate? (Check if visibility is too good, if it encourages
entryspeedswhicharetoohigh)
5. Isthevisibilityforcirculatingtrafficadequate?
6. HastheCentralIslandbeendesignedtobeforgivingtoerrantvehicles?
7. Hasadequateprovisionbeenmadeforpedestrianstocrossthearmsofthejunction?
8. Havetheneedsofcyclistsandothernonmotorisedvehiclesbeenconsidered?
9. Doesthesigningmaketheprioritiesclear?(Enteringtrafficmustgivewaytocirculatingtraffic).
SignalControlledJunction
1. Doesthesignalsequenceconformtotherequirementsoftheregulationsandstandards?
2. Dothesignalsclearlyindicatewhichmovementsareallowedatanyonetime?Arethetimingsof
variousphasesofsignalcycleadequate?
3. Arethesignalheadspositionedsothatdriverscanseethemeasily,andintimetoreact(stopor
go)?
4. Arethesignalsforcompetingphaseslocatedinsuchawaythattheyarevisibleonlytothetraffic
forwhichtheyareintended?
5. Areallrightturningmovementsprotectedasfaraspossible?
6. Dothesigning;markingandchannelisationmakeitcleartodriverswhatpaththeyshouldtake
throughthejunction?
7. Arepedestriancrossingplacesmarked,andarepedestrianschannelledtothesecrossings?
8. Arethepedestriansignalspositionedsothosepedestrianscanseethem?
9. Whether the pedestrian crossing signal controls are provided where appropriate? If
so, there is a need for the crossing movements to be fully protected from conflicting traffic
movementsforexamplewheretherewillbeseriousconflictswithturningtraffic.
VegetationandPlantation
1. Is the top of vegetation in the traffic island as well as channelisers, dividers less than 600 mm
abovetheroadtoplevelforalengthof15mfromtheendofthedividers?
2. Is the vegetation/plantation at the corners of the junction retracted for enough back
fromtheedgeoftheshoulderstoaffordclearviewofapproachingtraffictothedriver?
3. Aretherenobranchesoftreesprojectingovertheroadberms/pavementataheightlessthan7
m?
132
11.12. CHECKLIST11RoadSigns
1. Is the provision for road signs (regulatory, warning and informatory signs and delineators)
adequate and in accordance with standards? (Check with respect to size, shape and placement
etc.)
2. Checkforanyunauthorizedtrafficsignsanduseofnonstandardsigns(colourandshape).
3. Locationandspacingofsigns:
a.
Notelocationswheretherearetoomanysignsplaced.
b.
Notethesignsplacedtooclosetoeachother.
4. Note if all traffic signs are clearly visible and are prominently displayed for the
intendedroadusers.
5. Find any instances where the legibility of the information on traffic signs is inadequate,
bearinginmindthespeedofvehiclesandtheamountofinformationdisplayed.
6. Determine effectiveness of traffic signs by observing them at night and identify any lack of
reflectivity.
7. Examine type of sign posts used and record situations where sign posts constitute a fixed
roadsidehazardorwheretheuseoffrangiblesignpostsshouldbeconsidered.
8. Arethereanysituationswheretrafficsignsthemselvesareobstructingessential'LineofSight'for
driversandpedestrians.
9. RegulatoryandWarningsigns:
a.
Areappropriateregulatorysignsprovidedwherenecessary?
b.
Arewarningsignsprovidedonlywheretheyarewarranted?
10. Informatorysigns:
a.
Hassigningbeendoneonasystematicrouteorregionalstrategythatitislogicalandmeets
needsofunfamiliardriver?
b.
Areallimportantjunctionsprovidedwithadvancedirectionsign,distanceinformationsign
andintersectionsignetc.?
c.
Arethesesignscorrectlypositionedtoenabletherequiredtimelyactiontobetakenbythe
intendeddrivers?
d.
Findinstancesofpoorlegibilityandpoorarrangementofinformationonsigns.
e.
Overheadsignssize,messageinformationadequate,languagesasperIRCstandards.
11.13. CHECKLIST12RoadMarkings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Generaladequacyandvisibilityofroadmarkings,duringday/nighttimeandinwet/dryweather
conditions
Hascorrecttypeofmarkingsbeenusedinvarioussituations(e.g.laneline,edgelineetc.)?
Arecorrectcoloursusedforlayingroadmarkings?
Isthereanydeficiencyinthedelineationofmergeanddivergeareas,includingsituationswhere
'through'trafficmayinadvertentlyleadintoauxiliaryandturnlanes?
Arezebracrossingmarkingsprovidedatjunctionsandmidblocksofthesections(dependingupon
themovementofpedestrian)?
Ispositioningofstoplinesappropriate?
Arethedirectionalarrowsmarkedonthepavementguidingthedriverorcreatingconfusiontothe
driver?
Aretherelocationswherethereisalackof'Hazardmarkings'atapproachendofisland,medians
andculverts/bridgesetc.?
Haveretroreflectivemarkersbeeninstalled?Wherecolouredmarkersareused,havetheybeen
installedcorrectly?
Ifchevronalignmentmarkersareinstalled,havethecorrecttypesofmarkersbeenused?
133
11.14. CHECKLIST13Lighting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Isthereanyneedoflightingontheprojectroads,orpartsofit,tobelightedatnight(particularly
wheretherearepedestriansandparkingalongtheroad)importantinterchanges,busbays,truck
laybyes,tollplazas?
Aretheproposedlightingschemeandilluminationlevelsofan appropriatestandard,consistent
withtheneedsofthelocation,pedestrianandotherfactors?
Identifythelocationswherestreetlightingcolumnsconstituteahazardtotraffic(ontheoutside
ofsharpcurves,onsmallislands,nosesofmedians)orwhichmayconflictvisuallywithtrafficsignals
orsigns?
Does the existing street lighting enhance as 'route guidance', rather than confuse the drivers
abilityto'seethedirectionoftherouteahead'?
Aretheappropriatetypesofpolesusedforalllocationsandcorrectlyinstalled(e.g.slipbaseat
correctheight,rigidpolesprotectsifwithinclearzone)?
Haslightingforsigns,particularlyoverheadsigns,beenprovidedwherenecessary?
Arethereanylightingortelephonepolesclosetotheedgeof thebermssoastoposehazardto
traffic?
Arethereanylightingpolesinthemedianunprotectedbycrashbarriers?
11.15. CHECKLIST14RoadsideHazards
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Is a clear zone provided in accordance with the guidelines? Is the appropriate

treatmentorprojectionprovidedforanyobjectswithintheclearzone?
Are bridge and culvert parapets and other obstructions close to moving traffic? If so,
can they be relocated? If not, are they adequately provided with signs and, where
necessary,protectedbysafetybarrier?
Are bridge parapets designed to contain errant vehicles, where the speed and
volumeoftrafficwarrantsthem?
Are the ends of bridge parapets, bridge railing and pedestrian guardrail/crash
barriersofasafedesign?
Arethereanypolesorcolumnsalongtheroadandcommentonwhethersomeoranyofthemcan
beremoved,relocatedtolesshazardouspositionsetc.
Isthereadegreeofhazardassociatedwithlargetrees,boulders,etc.andwhetherthesecanbe
treatedtoimproveroadsidesafety?
Dothetreesandothervegetationobstructdriverandpedestriansightlines,whichareessential
forsafetrafficoperation?
Arethereany'fixedroadsideobjects',whichoccurwithintheroadway?Commentontheneedto
treatthemintermsofroadsafety?
Isthereanexistenceofroadsidestallsandotherroadsidebusinessactivitieswithintherightof
wayoftheroad?
Aretheprovidedcrashbarrierssuitableforthepurpose?
Is the length of crash barrier at each installation adequate? Are the crash barrier installed
correctly?
Istheprovidedbarrier/fencingintheclearzonefreeofseparatehorizontalrails?
Isthereadequatedelineation/visibilityofbarriersandfencesduringnighttime?
Arethereanythornybushesbytheroadside,whosebranchesarelikelytohurtthepassengers
occupyingthewindowseatofavehicle,especiallyanonACbus?
Isanythickgrowthofvegetationbytheroadsideenoughfarbackfromtheedgeofthepavement
toenableadrivertotakeprotectivestepsintimeifanyhumanoranimalshouldrunacrosstheroad
frombehindorwithinthevegetation?
134
16. Arethereanysharpedgedorpointedfixturesortopsofsupportingverticalsonthemediancrash
barriers or on dividers which can hurt a motor cyclist in case of a collision or crash or loss of
balance.?
17. Arethereanyvillagenameboardsordirectionboardsbytheroadsidewithpointedendstohurta
passengerinabusonwindowseat?
18. Bridges/Canal crossings: Are the open spaces by the side of ends of Parapets covered by
protectivecrashbarriersorwallstopreventvehiclesgoingintotheriverorcanal?
19. Havetheroadsidetreesclosetoedgeofberms,whichcannotberemovedforwantofpermission
oftreeauthority, been made visibleat nightandday bywhite washing/pasting reflectivetapeon
them?
20. Isthe heightof vegetationin themedian at breaks inmedian at junctionsor forU Turnsorfor
pedestriancrossingsreducedtolessthan60cmforalengthof20mtoaffordcompletevisibilityto
drivers?
21. Istheheightofvegetationinthemedianlessthan60cmoncurves?
22. Is the median clear of any trees with trunks with girth greater than 30 cm? If not, are such
locationsenvelopedbyprotectivecrashbarriers?
23. Are fixing details of pipe railing such that the entire length of pipe is smooth and continuous
withoutanyprojectiononroadwardside?
24. Areentrancestoabandonedroadsproperlyfencedoff?
11.16. CHECKLIST15RoadsideFacilities
1. Dothecrosssection,alignmentandsignagesencouragedriverstoadjusttheirspeedonentering
the town or village and maintain it at an appropriate level? (Check that it will be quite clear to
driversthattheroadenvironmentischangingandthattheyslowdown).
2. Isthereadequateandsafeprovisionforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtraffictowalkalongsidetheroad
andtocrossit?(Checkforprovisionoffootpaths,shouldersandsafecrossingplacesandwhether
pedestrianmovementsarecontrolledandchannelledbyguardrailinbusyplaces?)
3. Arethedesignandprovisionofroadsideparkingandaccessto propertiesadequate,controlled
andsafe?
4. Has the opportunity been taken to improve the traffic and parking situation in the town
and villages through which the road passes? (Check for junction improvements,
accesscontrol,provisionofservicelanes,parkingareasandbusstops).
5. Are bus stop locations safe and proper and whether the provision for buses to stand
clear of traffic lanes has been made? Also is there need for lighting at these locations
forthesecurityandsafetyofpassengers?
6. Is there any need for overtaking opportunities along the route at regular intervals on
dividedroads,particularlywheretrafficflowsarehighorinhillyterrain?
7. Consider the need for rest areas and other roadside stopping places e.g., truck stops,
scenic view points, wayside picnic areas etc, and note any current 'unofficial' places
wherevehiclesstopandthedegreeofhazardthatthisinvolves.
11.17. CHECKLIST16VulnerableRoadUsers
1. Hastherebeenasurveyofnonmotorisedvehicleandpedestrianflows?
2. Will there be any major conflicts between motorised traffic and pedestrians and other
disabled/handicappedroadusers?
3. Have pedestrians need for crossing the road and walking safely alongside it been
adequately provided for? (Check particularly in towns and villages and at all junctions
checkshoulderwidthcheckwhetheritisdesirableandfeasibletoprovideasegregatedfootway
checkwhetherstepsareprovidedwherepedestrianswillhavetoclimbhighembankments).
135
4. Is the provision for pedestrians and nonmotorised vehicles at bridges and narrow sections
adequateinrelationtopedestrianandvehiculartrafficvolumesandtrafficspeeds?
5. Have measures been taken to reduce the accident risk for children going to and from roadside
schools (Pedestrian guardrail may be needed to prevent children from running out into the
road)?
6. Have the need of cyclists and other nonmotorised vehicles been provided for (Check shoulder
width check the need and feasibility of segregated cycle/cycle rickshaw lanes, especially in
towns)?
7. Arebicyclesafegratesprovidedatdrainagepitswherenecessary?
8. Doesthevolumeofmotorcycletrafficjustifytheprovisionofseparatelanes?(Checkintowns).
9. Arebusstopsappropriatelylocatedwithadequateclearancefromthetrafficlaneforsafetyand
visibility?
10. Wherenecessary,isfencinginstalledtoguidepedestriansandcyclistsatcrossingsoroverpasses?
11.18. CHECKLIST17DevelopmentProposals
1. HorizontalAlignment:
a.
Isvisibilitysatisfactoryatproposedaccess,includingthatforpedestrians?
b.
Arecurveradiiandforwardvisibilitiessatisfactory?
c.
Arevergewidthssatisfactory?
2. VerticalAlignment:
a.
Aregradientssatisfactory?
b.
Aresightandstoppingdistancesmaintained?
3. ParkingProvision:
a.
Isoffsiteparkingadequatetominimiseonstreetparkingandassociatedrisks?
b.
Areparkingareasconvenientlylocated,withadequateturningfacilities?
4. ServicingFacilities:
a.
Areoffstreetloading/unloadingareasprovided?
b.
Arethereanyturningfacilitiesforlargevehicles?
c.
Isemergencyvehiclesaccessprovidedfor?
5. Landscaping:
a.
Doeslandscapingaffectvisibilityatjunctions,bendsoraccesspoints?
b.
Istreeplantingproposedwherevehiclesaremostlikelytorunoffroad?
6. TrafficSignsandRoadMarkings:
a.
Havenecessarytrafficsignsandroadmarkingsbeenprovidedaspartofdevelopment?
7. OtherTrafficControlDevicesRoadSidefurniture,delineators,crashbarriers,guardrails,etc.
8. Others:
a.
Willtherebeareawideeffectonotherroads?
b.
Willdesignkeepspeedsdownwherenecessary?
c.
Arenumberofaccesspointstobusyroadsminimisedbylayout?
d.
Arefootpaths(sidewalks)necessaryandprovidedadequately?
e.
Arecycletracksrequired?
f.
Isstreetlightingrequired/adequate?
g.
Arebusbaysandstopssafelylocated?
h.
Aredroppedcrossingsprovidedatpreferredpedestrianrouteorcrossingpoints?
i.
Ispedestrianguardrailprovidedwherewalkwaysjointhehighway?
j.
Aretrucklaybyesrequired?
k.
Aretollplazascongestionfree?
136
11.19. CHECKLIST18MaintenanceWork
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Is it publicised to the necessary extent about road works, including applicable speed limitsand
diversions?
Are temporary traffic signals or road markings adequate and does the message reach all road
users?
Hasatemporaryspeedlimitbeensuggestedandisitproper?
Willtheunaffectedroadusersmisunderstandtemporarytrafficsignals?
Isthestandardofproposedsignsadequate?
Willitbenecessarytoilluminatecriticalpoints?
Willtheworksite,enclosingmaterial,etc.behaveasarigidobstacle?
Willtherebesafeaccesstotheworkplace?
Hasasafetyzonebeenproposedandisitadequate?
Has due consideration been given to ail groups of road users in the layout of
staggeringanddiversions?
137
138
12 AppendixLWasteWaterRecycling
Techniques
12.1.
WasteStabilisationPondSystems(WSPS)
Keyfeaturesofthetechnology
Simpletoconstruct,operateandmaintain
Doesnotinvolveinstallationofexpensiveelectromechanicalequipment
Operates on a combination of solar energy and natural forces and thereby has very low O&M
costs.
Extremelyrobustandcanwithstandhydraulicandorgansshockloads
Effluentsfrommaturationpondaresafeforreuseinagricultureandaquaculture.
Performance
CanreliablyproducehighqualityeffluentwithlowBOD,SS,FecalColiformandhighDOlevels.
BODreductionoftheorderof90%andmore
Suspendedsolidsreductionissomewhatlessduetopossibleoverflowofalgae
Coliformreductioncouldbeupto6longunits
Totalnitrogenremovalbetween7090%
Totalphosphorusremovalbetween3045%
Specificrequirements
Incaseofunlinedponds,soilandgeohydrologicalsurveyduringplanningstagetoassessriskof
groundwatercontamination.
Sulphateconcentrationinrawwastewaterunder300mgSO4/Ltoavoidodournuisance.
Applicability
SuitableunderwarmIndianclimaticconditions
Forareaswitheasyavailabilityofland
Inareaswithsocialpreferenceforaquaculture
Inareaswithlow,unreliableorexpensivepowersupply.
12.2.
DuckweedPondSystem(DPS)
Naturalandsimplewastewatersysteminvolvingshelteredpondlikecultureclots
Alargepondsubdividedintosmallercellsthroughfloatingbambooorothermaterialtobreakthe
waveandwindaction.
Extremely rapidly growing floating duckward vegetation serving as a dynamic sink for organic
carbon,dissolvednutrientsandminerals.
Thickmatofduckweedoutcompetingandinhibitinggrowthofotheraquaticplants.
Pondfunctioningasafacultativelagoonwithdeeperlayersunderanaerobicenvironment.
Retentionperiodinthesystem721days
Continuousprocessrequiringintensivemanagementforoptimumproduction.
Yieldoflargequantitiesofproteinaceousmatterasfishfeedorasasupplementforanimalfeed.
Performance
CanmeetIndiandischargestandardsforBODandSS.RemovalofAmmonicalnitrogen(N)
andDissolvedPhosphates(P)isalsosubstantial.
Forsettledwastewater,BODandSSbelow30mg/Lareattainableat12detentions.
139
Highnutrientandmineralremovalduetouptakebyduckweeds.
Primarytreatmentincludingscreening,greasetrap,gritremovalandsedimentation.
Preferably the influent BOD, SS and ammonia to be under 80 ppm, 100 pm and 50 ppm
respectively.
Aseriesofsmallercellsofaround10mx10mto10mx30mtobreakthecontinuuminthepond
(cellsizeasafunctionofwindspeed,pondsizeandwaveaction.
Cell borders made with floating bamboo mats or PVC profiles to shelter from wind and wave
action
Impermeableliningofclayorartificiallinersincaseofperviousandfracturedstrata
Outletstructurewithvariableweirheight
Nitrogenloadingofaround9km/ha/day
Smallsizeculturepondsforduckweedseedingandasfishnurseryponds.
Duckweeddryingandprocessingunitincaseoflargeharvestandforsaleasanimalfeed
Incaseofdownstreamaquaculturepondsintroducesuitablespeciesoffishese.g.GrassCarp.,
CommonCarp,SilverCarp,Rohu,Mingal,Cattleandfreshwaterprawns.
Applicability
LowstrengthdomesticwastewaterorafterprimarysedimentationwithinfluentBOD80mg/l
IncombinationwithexistingWSP
Ruralandsemiurbansettlementswitheasylandavailability
AsapolishingpondforanexistingactivatedsludgeplantorothertechnologybasedSTPs
12.3.
FacultativeAerateLagoon(FAL)
Simpleflowschemewithoutprimaryorsecondarysettlingandsludgerecirculation
Deeplagoonwithanerobicbottomlayerandaerobictoplayer.
Simultaneousdegradationofsludgeinthebottomanddissolvedorganicsinthetoplayer.
LowerenergyinputcorrespondingtorequirementformaintainingonlydesiredDOlevelsinthe
toplayerandnotforcreatingcompletelymixedconditions.
Performance
As per the information in literature based on Indian experience the following performance is
expectedfromawellfunctioningaerobiclagoon:
BODremoval
7090%
Suspendedsolidsremoval
7080%
Coliformremoval
6099%
Typicalhydraulicdetentiontime3daysormore
Depthbetween25mdependingonlocalsoilandgroundwaterconditions
Effectiveoutletstructurewithbafflesandstillingbasintopreventsolidsoverflow.
Applicability
Standalonesystemforsewagetreatment
AsapretreatmentunitforWSP
AsanupgradationoptionforoverloadedWSPs.
140
12.4.
TricklingFilter(TF)
Aproven100yearoldtechnology
Ruggedsystemwithsimpleandsilentoperation
LowerprocessmonitoringrequirementascomparedtoASP
Consistenteffluentquality.
Performance
PerformanceofaslowratetricklingfilteriscomparabletoASP
Applicability
Standalonetreatmentforsewageifoperatedatslowrates
AsahighrateroughingfilterforhighBODwastewater.
IncombinationwithASPforgoodandconsistentperformance
12.5.
ActivatedSludgeProcess(ASP)
Keyfeatures
Provenandtestedformorethan78decadesalloverworld
Severalmodificationspossibletomeetspecificrequirements.
Performance
Very good performance in terms of BOD and SS. Treated effluent can most often satisfy the
current Indian effluentdischargestandards. Performance is critically dependent on sludge
settling characteristics and design of secondary clarifier. Sludge settling characteristics are
typically influenced by bioflocculation which in turn depends on growth rate of micro
organisms. Growth rate is generally controlled by controlling biological solids retention time /
foodtomicroorganismratio.
Uninterruptedpowersupplyforaerationandsludgerecirculation
Maintenanceofbiomassconcentrationintheaerationtankandpropersettlinginthesecondary
clarifier.
Applicability
Themostwidelyusedoptionfortreatmentofdomesticwastewaterformediumtolargetowns
wherelandisscare.
12.6. Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR)

Technology
Enhancedprimarytreatmentwithadditionofcoagulantsandflocculants.
Highrateprimarytubesettlersandintegratedthickeningofferingspaceeconomy.
Two stage high rate filtration through a biologically active media and with enhanced external
aeration.
Cocurrentupflowmovementofwastewaterandairenablehigherretentionandcontact.
Treatmentschemeexcludingsecondarysedimentationbutrecyclingofprimatesludge.
Deepreactorsenablinglowlandrequirements.
141
Acompactandrobustsystem.
Performance
SuspendedsolidsandBODremovalof90%and70%respectivelyintheprimaryclarifier.
HighqualityeffluentwithBOD10mg/Landtotalsystemefficiencyof9499.9%
Lowturbiditywithsuspendedsolidsunder15mg/Landtotalsystemefficiencyof98%
Pathogenremovalof2onthelogscale.
Additionofalumascoagulant(~@60ppm)
Polyelectrolyteforhighratesedimentation(~@0.20.3ppm)intubesettlers.
Specialandpatentedgranularfiltermedia`Bioloitemadeofclay.
BackwashofBIOFORbedandrecycleofthewastewater.
Treatment(digestion)anddisposalofsludgefromclarifier(notprovidedattheSTPsduetospace
limitations)
12.7.
HighrateActivatedSludgeBioforFTechnology
Keyfeatures
Ingeneral,highlevelofmechanizationandsophistication
Theflowschemeexcludesprimarysedimentationtank
Superioraeratedgritchamberandclassifier
Circularaerationtankwithtaperedairdiffusionsystem
Secondstageaerationandrapidsandfiltrationthroughabiologicallyactivefiltermedia
Dissolvedairfloatationforsludgethickening.
Digesterhearingandtemperaturecontrolleranaerobicsludgedigestion.
Mixingofdigestercontentsthroughbiogas.
Dynamiccogenerationofelectricalandthermalenergythroughgasengines.
12.8.
FluidizedAeratedBed(FAB)
Acompactandrobustsysteminvolvingextendedaerationprocesswithsubmergedaeration
Biomass growth on fluidized bed of plastic media enabling retention of biomass and long solid
retention time in the reactor leading to low food to `microorganism ratio and higher organic
removal.
Twostagebiologicaloxidation
Flexibilityinhandlingorganicloadbyadjustingquantityoffluidizedmedia
Reactorsupto5mdeepenablinglowlandrequirements
Tubesettlersagainofferspaceeconomy
Abilitytowithstandlimitedorganicoverload
Specialgradeplasticproprietarymediacustommadeforofferinghighspecificsurfacearea
Diffusedaerationsystem
SubmergedstainlesssteelscreensattheoutletofFABreactorstopreventmediaoverflow
Tubesettlersforcompactclarifier.
Options
Additionofcoagulantandpolyelectrolyteforcompactplants
Tertiarytreatmentofchlorination
142
Sludgetreatmentthroughthicknerandbagfilterpressordryingbeds.
Performance
HighBODremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder10mg/L
Highsuspendedsolidsremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder20mg/L
Faecalcoliformsremovaloftheorderof23logscaleatFAB2stage.
Applicability
TheFABtechnologybasedsystemisparticularlyapplicablefor:
Smalltomediumflowsincongestedlocations
Sensitivelocations
Decentralizedapproach
RelivingexistingoverloadedSTPs.
12.9.
SubmergedAerationFixedFilm(SAFF)Technology
Essentiallyatricklingfilterwithenhancedoxygensupplythroughsubmergedaeration
Unconventional plastic media offering high void ratio and specific area compared to stone and
aggregates.
Largebiomassandlongsolidretentiontimeinthereactorleadingtolow`foodtomicroorganism
ratioandhigherorganicremoval.
Twostagebiologicaloxidation
Treatmentschemeexcludingprimarysedimentationandsludgedigestion
Reactorsupto6mdeepenablinglowlandrequirements.
Tubesettlersagainofferspaceeconomy.
Applicability
TheSAFFtechnologybasedsystemisparticularlyapplicablefor:
Sensitivelocations
Decentralisedapproach
Relivingexistingoverloadedtricklingfilters.
12.10. CyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP)
Essentiallyactivatedsludgeprocessoperatedinbatchesthroughautocontrol
Aerationandsettlinginonetankleadingtolowerplantfootprint
Savingsinair/oxygensupplyandhenceenergy
Twolevelsoftreatmentpossibledependingontherequirement
Treatmentschemeexcludingprimarysedimentationandsludgedigestion
Completerelianceonautocontrol,uninterruptedpowersupplyisamust
Diffusedaerationsystem
Severalmovingparts
Performance
HighBODremovalof98%witheffluentconcentrationunder10mg/L
Highsuspendedsolidsremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder20mg/L
143
Faecalcoliformsremovaloftheorderof23onlogscale.
Applicability
TheCyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP)maybeapplicablefor:
Sensitivelocations
Decentralizedapproach
Relivingexistingoverloadedtricklingfilters.
12.11. UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketProcess(UASB)
Keyfeatures
Nomechanicalcomponentsorexternalenergyrequirementsinthereactor,thereforeprocessnot
vulnerabletopowercuts
Noprimarytreatment,suspendedsolidinthewastewaterserveascarriermaterialformicrobial
attachment.
Recoveryofgaswithhighcalorificvalue
Lowsludgeproduction
Relativelysimpleroutineoperationandmaintenance
Biologicalactivitycanberestartedwithoutanyexternalseedingorspecialcareafterinterrupted
operations.
Performance
An UASB reactor can bring down the BOD of the domestic wastewater to 70100 mg/L and
suspendedsolids(TSS)to50100mg/L.However,sludgewashoutfromthereactorispossible
andeffluentBODandTSSisveryhighduringsuchepisodes.Theeffluentisstronglyanoxicwith
highimmediateoxygendemand(IOD).Shouldnotdirectlydischargedintowaterbodiesorused
foraquacultureorirrigationwithoutreaeration.
Useofanticorrosivematerials/paintsonexposedsurfaces
Frequentcleaning/desludgingofdistribution/divisionboxesandinfluentpipes
Skilledsupervisionduringstartupandforcontrolofbiomasslevelswithinthereactor
PosttreatmentoftheUASBeffluentisinvariablyrequired.
Controloftoxicmaterialsandsulfatesinthewastewaterisrequiredforefficientoperation.
Applicability
Thesuitabilityofthistechnologymaybedoubtfulasastandalonesecondarytreatmentoption.
144
13 Appendix M Solid Waste Management: Best

Practises
13.1.
Introduction
AsmentionedinIntroductionchapternumber1ofvolumeI,Zerowasteisgaininggroundasbeing
practicablyachievableinIndiancities,whichhavetheadvantageofsignificantrecyclingandreusein
the solid waste management system. Those can be improved and coordinated with the view to
moving towards zero waste scenarios. Further, in order to achieve the SLBs, waste management
techniques can be improved in all types of settlements. Some of the solid waste best practises are
coveredinthissection,theseare:
VelloreMunicipality,2000
PimpriChinchwadMunicipalCorporation(PCMC)
AmritsarMunicipalCorporation
13.2.
Case:VelloreMunicipality,20005
A zero waste management (ZWM) project in Tamil Nadus Vellore district is an example of a
successful Solid Waste Management programme and its benefits. ZWM is a technique of handling
solidwastesthatattemptstorecover,recycleandreusemaximumwaste.
Wastesegregationatsource:Thispracticeleadstoreductionofspacerequirementforwaste
segregationatlaterstage.
Minimizespollution:groundwater,landandairpollutioncreatedatlandfillsitesisavoidedby
doingawaywithdisposalofwastesatdumpsitesandlandfills.
In Vellore Municipality, citizens were informed about the concept of ZWM and taught how to
segregate waste at the household or respective source. Red and green dust bins were provided to
each household unit for initiating waste segregation. Teams with two street beautifiers each, were
formed.Eachteamwasassigned300householdsandprovidedatricycleandasetofhandtools.The
tricyclehadtwocompartments,onegreenandtheotherred,to collectorganicandinorganicwaste
respectively.
The street beautifiers collect domestic garbage in their allocated zones. The waste collected in the
households in green and red dust bins are emptied in the colourmatching compartment of the
tricycleandbroughttothezerowastecentre.Inorganicwasteisseparatedintomorethan25items
under categories like bottles, plastics, metals, cardboard, paper, PVC etc.They are then packedand
soldtolocalwastecollectorsandrecyclerseverymonth.Mixedwaste(1015percent),whichcannot
berecycled,issenttolandfills.
Theorganicwasteiscompostedandtreatedintwostages:(a)cattledung/biodungcomposting(b)
vermicomposting.
Cattledungcomposting:theorganicwasteislaidinacompostingyardinlargecompartments
andspreadindifferentlayers.Eachlayeristreatedwithcattledungmicrobialinoculums.When
theheightofalayerreaches5feet,itiscoveredwithapolythenesheet.Thisfirststageof
compostingtakes45days.Thepolythenesheetstraptheheatgeneratedduringanaerobic
compostingandincreasetheinternaltemperatureto7075degreesCelsius.Thishigh
temperaturekillsthepathogens.Themoistureevaporatesandcondensesontheundersideofthe
India Sanitation Portal: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), P Amudha
145
polythene.Thecyclicmovementofwateralsocyclesthebacteriaaidingrapiddecompositionand
reducingthevolumetoaboutonethirdin15days.After50days,thecompostcanbeharvested,
sievedandpackedinbagsforsale.
Vermicomposting:semidecomposedorganicwasteisputintovermicompostingbedsafter15
days.Thevermicompostcanbecollectedafter45days.Therichcompostedmanureissieved
andpackedforagriculturalpurposesandaforestationactivities.
The Vellore solid waste management project is now managed by villagePanchayats supported by
ResidentialWelfareAssociationsandSHGs.Eachhouseholdandshoppaysforwastecollection.The
fundscollectedfrommonthlysubscriptionsandsaleofinorganicwasteandorganicmanureareused
forpayingthestreetbeautifiersandsupervisors.ThepilotsinVelloredistrictaresuccessfulbecause
ofinformedcommunitiesandtheirparticipation.Equallycrucialtothesuccessisthefullinvolvement
oflocalbodiesandtheircommitment.
Due to information technology in Municipal Solid Waste Management (SWM) sector has equipped
thissectorwithbettermanagementofthiscrucialmandatoryfunctionsundertheurbandomain,as
per 12th Schedule of 74th CAA. Better management of SWM includes GPS based vehicle tracking
system, trackingclearanceof secondarycollectionpoints,GIS based shortest route identification to
landfill/dumpingsiteetc.
13.3. Case:
(PCMC)6
PimpriChinchwad
Municipal
Corporation
PimpriChinchwadisoneofthecitieswhohasdonepioneeringtaskofmonitoringitsSWMservices
throughtheuseofICT.
ThecityofPimpriChinchwadlocatednorthwestofPune,hasanarea171sq.km.withanestimated
populationofover12.5lakhs.PCMCdeployedGPSbasedvehicle trackingsystemduetolowcapital
cost of deployment and ease of operation. A step by step implementation strategy was followed at
PCMC:
Step1:Selectionoftechnologypartner
Step2:InstallationofGPSsystemonwastecollectionvehicles
Step3:GeoCodingofbinsacrossthecity
Step4:Developmentofwebbasedapplicationandpublicinformationsystem
Step5:Stabilizationofsystemandtrainingtostakeholders
BriefonSolidWasteManagementGPS&GISenabled
GeocodingoftheallthebinsacrossthecityweremarkedontheGISmappingdatabaseandrealtime
vehiclemovement(GPSlocationofthevehicleonwhichaGPSdevicewasinstalled)weremonitored
againstthemasperroute.Overallcityvide75differentrouteswereidentifiedandgeocodedwithGIS
map. An intelligence algorithm/logic was developed in web based application to flag the bin as
Served,whenawastecollectorvehiclestopsnearabinwithinaspecifieddistanceforasufficient
period.
Table13.1: PriorConditionsandAchievementsoftheProject
S.No.
SituationpriortoproposedICTbasedSWMsystem
Achievements
Monitoringofactualpickupofthewastefromthe
assignedbins/localityandthesamewasrecorded
purelyonmanualrecordingbasis.
Monitortheactualmovementandrealtime
positionofthevehicle.
Monitoringactualmovementofthefleetandits
productivityi.e.no.ofbinspickedbyeachvehicleon
Analysethebinpickupstatusinrealtime.
JnNURM: Best Practices in e-Governance, MoUD (http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf )
146
S.No.
SituationpriortoproposedICTbasedSWMsystem
schedulebasis.
Achievements
Difficultyintrackingthenoncompliancetothe
schedules.
Improveservicedeliverymechanismand
achievebetterinformationmanagement.
Processesforvalidatingtheproductivityofthefleet
andpaymentsweredonepurelybasedonmanual
recordsofno.oftripsmadebyeachvehicle.
Reducingtheunwanted
trips/detours/stoppagesandenhancethe
productivity/utilizationofthefleet.
Difficultyinlocatingthebinsinamanualprocess.
GenerateMISandexceptionreporttotake
informeddecision.
Difficultyinmonitoringactualpickupofthewaste
fromtheassignedbins/localityanddumpinginthe
dumpingyardsandrecodingofdataisamanual
process.
Greateraccountabilityonfieldlevelstaff.
Difficultyinpreparingstatusreportsasitisamanual
processandtakesalotoftime.
Timelycompletionofjobwithgreater
efficiency.
Measuringservicelevelwithbenchmarks,
makingitcompulsorytoeachULBtoachieve
thebenchmarks.
Improvepublicimageandalsoofferedatool
forRTI.
Source:JnNURM:BestPracticesineGovernance,MoUD( http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf)
13.4.
Case:AmritsarMunicipalCorporation7
Priortotheproject,Amritsarcityhadnodoortodoorcollectionofwasteandheapsofgarbagewas
seen in most of the localities. The sanitary conditions were very poor due to lack of unorganized
system of collection and transportation.The Sanitation Zones of 4, 5, 6 and 7 were selected for
collectionandtransportationofwaste.Thejobwasawardedtoaprivatepartyin2008foroperation
andmaintenanceoftheprojectfacility.
Themajoractivitiesundertheprojectincluded:
Provisionofadequatemachinery,equipmentandstafffortheprojectupgradingdoortodoor
servicesandSWMinfrastructure.
Vehicleshavealarmsystemforhousetohousecollection.
Primaryandsecondarystorageinbins.
Prohibitionofwastelitteringandarbitrarydisposalofwaste.
Publicawarenessforbettersanitation/wastemanagement.
Provisionofmobilecoveredbinsandsynchronizedtransportationmechanism,hasremoved
dhalaosandkudaghars.
Uniformsforthesafaisewaks,driversandsupervisorsetc.
Transportationofwastethroughhighcapacity,coveredvehicles.
ProvisionofcentralizedcomplaintredressalsystembytheContractor.
Arrangementforprocessingfacilitywithmultipleproductrecovery(workisinprogressthrough
privateparticipation)
ProjectAchievements:
Improveddoortodoorcollectionandefficient,hygienicallysafetransportationofwastetothe
landfillsite.
Improvementintheenvironmentalconditionsintheselectedzones.
Negligiblelitteringinthestreetsduetoawarenessofthecitizens,adequatebins,timelyand
effectivecollectionofwastefromthesourceanditsregulartransportation.
JnNURM-Toolkit for Solid Waste Management
147
Replacementofolddhalaos/kudagharswithcolourfulcollectionpoints,improvingaestheticsof
thearea.
Reducedmanualhandlingofwasteincollectionandtransportation.
Greaterawarenessamongcitizensaboutcleanliness/wastemanagement.
Reductioninexpenditureonimprovingthewastecollection/transportationunderSWMRules.
148
14 AppendixNHierarchyofSocial
InfrastructureDevelopment
Table14.1: HierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment
Planning
Population
Unit
Housing
Area
5000
Facilities
No.
AreaperUnit
(Ha)
Total
area(Ha)
PrePrimary
0.08
0.16
Primaryschool(ItoV)
0.40
0.40
AanganwariHousingarea/
cluster
200to300sqm
200to
300sqm
CommunityRoom
750sqm
750sqm
ReligiousFacility
400sqm
400sqm
HousingAreaPark
0.50
0.50
Residentialunitplayarea
5000sqm
5000sqm
MilkDistribution
150sqm
150sqm
ConvenienceShopping
1500sqm
1500sqm
S.No.
Neighbo
urhood
5000
15,000
SeniorSecondarySchool(VIto
XII)
12
1.80
3.60
Dispensary
0.08to0.12
0.08to
0.12
Communityhall,
mangalkaryayala,baratghar/
library
2000sqm
2000sqm
Neighbourhoodpark
1.00
1.00
NeighbourhoodPlayarea
1.50
1.50
Localshoppingincludingservice
centre
4600sqm
4600sqm
Postofficecounterwithout
delivery
85sqm
85sqm
Bankwithextensioncounters
withATMfacility
8a
Floorareaforcounters
75sqm
75sqm
Commun
ity
1Lakh
8b
FloorareforATM
6sqm
6sqm
IntegratedSchoolWithoutHostel
facility(ItoXII)
3.50
3.50
IntegratedSchoolWithHostel
facility(ItoXII)
3.90
3.90
Schoolforphysicallychallanged
0.70
1.40
College
5.00
5.00
Nursinghome,childwelfareand
maternitycentre
0.20to0.30
0.20to
0.30
Polyclinic
0.20to0.30
0.20to
0.30
IntermediateHospital(Category
B)
1.00
1.00
IntermediateHospital(Category
A)
3.70
3.70
MultiSpecialityHospital(NBC)
9.00
9.00
10
SpecialityHospital(NBC)
3.70
3.70
11
FamilyWelfareCentre
500to800sqm
1000to
1600sqm
12
Diagnosticcentre
500to800sqm
1000to
149
Planning
Population
Unit
District
Zonal
150
5Lakh
10Lakh
S.No.
Facilities
No.
AreaperUnit
(Ha)
Total
area(Ha)
1600sqm
13
Dispensaryforpetanimalsand
birds
300sqm
300sqm
14
Music,danceanddramacentre
1000sqm
1000sqm
15
RecreationalClub
10,000sqm
10,000
sqm
16
MeditationandspiritualCentre
5000sqm
5000sqm
17
Communitypark
5.00
5.00
18
CommunitylevelMultipurpose
ground
2.00
2.00
19
DistrictSportsCentre
8.00
8.00
20
LPGGodown/Gasgodown
(inclusiveofguardroom)
520sqm
1040sqm
21
PolicePost
0.16
0.32
22
PoliceStation
1.50
1.50
23
FireStation
1.00
1.00
24
CommunityCentrewithservice
centre
5.00
5.00
25
WeeklyMarkets
1to2
0.40to0.80
0.40to
0.80
26
OrganisedInformaleatingspaces
2000sqm
2000sqm
27
DhobiGhat
5000sqm
5000sqm
28
TelegraphBookingCounter
200sqm
200sqm
29
Bankwithlocker,ATMandother
bankingfacilities
2500sqm
2500sqm
GeneralHospital(NBC)
6.00
12.00
VeterinaryHospitalforpetsand
animals
2000sqm
2000sqm
Oldagehome
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
Districtpark
25.00
25.00
Districtlevelmultipurpose
ground
4.00
4.00
DistrictCentre
40.00
40.00
CremationGround
2.50
2.50
BurialGround
4.00
4.00
Telephoneexchangeof40,000
lines
4.00
4.00
10
Telegraphbookinganddelivery
office
1700sqm
1700sqm
11
Headpostofficewithdelivery
office
750sqm
1500sqm
12
Headpostofficeand
administrativeoffice
2500sqm
2500sqm
Schoolformentallychallanged
0.20
0.20
TechnicalEducationCentre(A)
Toinclude1IndustrialTraining
Institute(ITI)and1Polytechnic
4.00
4.00
TechnicalEducationCentre(B)
Toinclude1ITI,1Technical
Centreand1CoachingCentre
4.00
4.00
EngineeringCollege
6.00
6.00
Planning
Population
Unit
S.No.
Facilities
No.
AreaperUnit
(Ha)
Total
area(Ha)
MedicalCollege
15.00
15.00
OtherProfessionalColleges
2.00to6.00
2.00to
6.00
NursingandParamedical
Institute
2000sqm
2000sqm
ReligiousFacility
4.00
4.00
Orphanage/ChildrensCentre
(Oneeach)
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
10
Carecentreforphysically
mentallychallenged
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
11
Workingwomenmenhostel
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
12
Adulteducationcentre
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
13
NightShelter
Max.1000sqm
Max.1000
sqm
14
SocioCulturalcentre/
Exhibitioncumfairground
15.00
15.00
15
ScienceCentre
Asper
requirement
Asper
requireme
nt
16
Subcitypark
100.00
100.00
17
Subcitylevelmultipurpose
ground
8.00
8.00
18
DivisionalSportsCentre
20.00
20.00
19
Districtofficeandbattalion
4.80
4.80
20
Policeline
4.00to6.00
4.00to
6.00
21
DistrictJail
10.00
10.00
22
Civildefenceandhomeguards
2.00
2.00
23
LocalWholesaleMarket/Mandi
10.00
10.00
Subcity
centre
25Lakh
50Lakh
SubcityCentre
Asper
requirement
Asper
requireme
nt
City
50Lakh+
CityCentre
Asper
requirement
Asper
requireme
nt
InternationalConventionCentre
Asper
requirement
Asper
requireme
nt
PoliceTrainingInstitute
5.00
5.00
PoliceFiringRange
upto10.00
upto
10.00
FireTrainingInstitute/College
3.00
3.00
10to60
10to60
OtherFacilities
UniversityCampus
VeterinaryInstitute
PetrolDiesel:Onlyfilingstation
30mx17m
30mx17
m
PetrolDiesel:Fillingcumservice
station
36mx30m
36mx30
m
PetrolDiesel:Fillingcumservice
stationcumworkshop
45mx36m
45mx
36m
AsperVeterinaryCouncilofIndia/
MinistryNorms
151
Planning
Population
Unit
Source:
S.No.
Facilities
No.
AreaperUnit
(Ha)
Total
area(Ha)
PetrolDiesel:Fillingstationonly
fortwoandthreewheelers
18mx15m
18mx
15m
CNGmotherstation
1080sqm
1080sqm
TrafficandPoliceControlRoom
Asper
requirement
Asper
requireme
nt
PolicecampincludingCentral
PoliceOrganisation/Security
Forces
upto10.00
upto
10.00
10
Subfirestation/FirePost
0.60
0.60
11
DisasterManagementCentre
Onein
each
administr
ativezone
1.00to2.00
1.00to
2.00
12
ElectricCrematorium
1forlarge
sizetowns
2.00
2.00
13
Remotesubscriberunit
1for3km
radius
300sqm
300sqm
14
Readingroom
Cityor
sub
city/Distri
ct/Comm
unity/neig
hbourhoo
dCentre
15
RehabilitationCentre
Asper
requireme
nt
16
Policebooth
Atmajor
intersecti
ons
1012sqm
Chapter8,URDPFIGuidelines,2014
152
AppendixOAllotherPlanningrelatedActs
15 AppendixOAllotherPlanningrelatedActs
Figure15.1:PlanningrelatedActsandreferenceURLs
DocumentwebLocationfor
reference
S.No.
RelevantAct/Law
TheConstitutions73rdand74thAmendmentAct,
1992
http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm
http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm
TheRighttoFairCompensationand
TransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
andResettlementAct,2013
http://indiacode.nic.in/actsinpdf/302013.pdf
TheModelRegionalandTownPlanningand
DevelopmentLaw,1985
www.ndmindia.nic.in/.../VOLUME%20I%2
0Prop_Am_Legi_Regu_Add
http://dipp.nic.in/english/policies/national_manufactu
ring_policy_25october2011.pdf
TheSpecialEconomicZonesAct,2005
TheMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises
Development(MSMED)Act,2006
http://sezindia.nic.in/writereaddata/pdf/SEZ%20Act,
%202005.pdf
www.msmeodisha.gov.in/PDF/MSMED_Act.pdf
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSites http://www.nma.gov.in/nma/downloads/Act/AMASR_
andRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act, Act2010_Gazette_Notification.pdf
2010
TheEnvironment(Protection)Act,1986
10
TheForestConservationAct,1980
11
TheCantonmentAct,2006
12
www.ielrc.org/content/e0331.pdf
www.aerb.gov.in/AERBPortal/pages/English/t/actsrul
es/rules/epa.pdf
envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest2.html
http://www.cbdelhi.in/documents/ca2006.pdf
153

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URBANANDREGI

Implications of 73rd & 74th Constitution

Constitution of Ward Committees: Article 243 S provides for constitution of

DurationofMunicipalities: Article 243 E of 73rd CAA and 243 U of 74th CAA,

Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats and Municipalities:

For crediting and withdrawal of money by Panchayats &

Committee for District Planning: Article 243 ZD provides for constitution of

Committee for Metropolitan Planning: Article 243 ZE provides for

Scheduled Areas: In terms of Article 243 M of 73rd&243ZC of 74th CAA, these

In order to provide time to State Governments to allow changes to be made in the

1.2. New Roles and Functions of State Town and Country

UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 & MM

1.3. Status of the Provisions of 74th Constitution Amendment

and other resources, integrated provision of infrastructure and environmental

Lack of incentives/initiatives for taking appropriate action for preparation of

The Area Planning and Development Authorities constituted to prepare and

The Right to Fair Compensation and

Model Regional and Town Planning and

Interstate Planning provisions, organization structure, roles and

Joint Area Committee: Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance,

Transferable Development Rights (TDR), TDR is a technique of land

Source: Master Plan of Delhi, 2021.

Encouraging Private and Joint Sector Participation: The current policies of

DisasterRiskManagement:Disaster risk management with specific reference

Constitution of the Municipal Area based on population, classification of the

State Level Municipal Establishment Audit Commission to review the staff

State government can dissolve an elected body if it shows default in

18) Enable setting up of State Municipal Regulatory Commission that will

Definitions of area sabha and area sabha representatives shall be

The Model Municipal Law, 2003 is appended with URL in Appendix O of

State Level Legal Framework Comparative

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

assist and advise on the coordination of planning and implementation of physical

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

Development Scheme for efficient implementation of Development Plans.

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

Industrial explosives including detonating fuses, safety fuses, gun powder,

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has been established to

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

6.4.2. National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

maintenance of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State

The schemes proposed for promotion of cluster/ park development by respective

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

6.4.5. Provisions for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises

Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

7.1.1. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of

Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industries with some

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

width; these should be included in the Ecosensitive Zone. Further, in context of a

Prohibited Regulated Permitted

Prohibited Regulated Permitted

URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment