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1. PENDAHULUAN
TRIZ
TeoriyaResheniyaIzobreatatelskikhZadatch
TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving (TIPS)
TeoriPemecahanMasalahInventif
Referensi
Frey,VictorandEugeneRivin(2005).Innovationon
Demand.Cambridge,Cambridge UniversityPress.
Savransky,SemyonD.(2000).Engineeringofcreativity:
IntroductiontoTRIZMethodologyofInventiveProblem
Solving.NewYork,CRCPress.
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1. PENDAHULUAN
TIPS/TRIZ:TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving.
DikembangkanolehGenrikhS.Altshuller(formerUSSR)awal1940s.
Basis: penemuanpola(prinsipkerja)yangadapadaklaimpaten.
Jumlahpatentsekarang>2,5Juta
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1. PENDAHULUAN
Klasifikasipaten:
I. Routinedesign: desaintanpainovasipentinglebihdariteknologi
yangada:
1) Basicparametricadvancement
2) Changeorrearrangmentinconfiguration
II. Designwithinventivesolutions:
1) Identifyingconflicts&solvingthemwithknownphysical
principles
2) Identifyingnewprinciples
3) Identifyingnewproductfunctions&solvingthemwithknownor
newprinciples.
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1. PENDAHULUAN
LevelofInvention:
LEVEL1 Routinedesignproblemssolvedbymethodswellknownwithin
thespecialty.Usuallynoinventionneeded.
LEVEL2 Minor improvements toanexistingsystemusingmethods
knownwithintheindustry.
LEVEL3 Fundamentalimprovementtoanexistingsystemusing
methodsknownoutsidetheindustry.
LEVEL4 Anewgenerationofasystemthatentailsanewprinciplefor
performingthesystem'sprimaryfunctions.Solutionsarefoundmore
ofteninsciencethantechnology.
LEVEL5 Ararescientificdiscoveryorpioneeringinventionofan
essentiallyanewsystem.
1. PENDAHULUAN
Example: Aheavymachinevibratesexcessively,creatingproblemsinadjoiningsystems.
Alevel1solutioncanbeoffered:placingarubberpadunderthemachinetoabsorbthe
vibration.Ifthisisnotadequate,wecantrytocompensateforthevibrationusinganti
vibration,alevel3solution.Ifthisdoesn'tworkwemighttryanairormagnetic"pillow,"
alevel4solution,andsoon.
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1. PENDAHULUAN
INVENTIVEPROBLEM
NEWKNOWLEDGEAPPLIEDTO NEWKNOWLEDGEAPPLIEDTO
KNOWNPROBLEMS.
NEWPROBLEMS.
Example:Newplasticsprovide Example:Varioususesfor
strong,lightweightproducts.
lasers(surgery,etc).
EXISTINGKNOWLEDGE
APPLIEDTOKNOWN
PROBLEMS.
Example:Alltaskswith
generallyknownsolutions.
KNOWNPROBLEM
EXISTINGKNOWLEDGEDOES
NOTPROVIDESATISFACTORY
SOLUTION.
Wearedealingwithan
INVENTIVEPROBLEM
NEWPROBLEM
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DEGREEOF
%OF
SOURCEOF
APPROXIMATE
INVENTIVENESS SOLUTIONS
KNOWLEDGE
#OFTRIALS
Apparent
68,30% Personalknowledge
10
solution
Minor
Knowledgewithin
27,10%
100
improvement
thecompany
Major
Knowledgewithin
4,30%
1000
improvement
theindustry
Knowledgeoutside
Newparadigm
0,24%
100,000
theindustry
Discovery
0,06% Allthatisknowable
1,000,000
JUMLAH
100,00%
FromaTRIZstandpoint,tomakeagoodinventionmeanstoresolveasystem
conflictwithoutacompromise.
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3. SYSTEM CONFLICTS
Example of system conflicts:
Systemconflictsassociatedwiththeuseofaluminumandplasticsincars
PROS
CONS
Aluminum
Fivetimesmoreexpensivethansteel(per
45%70%lighterthansteel.
unitofweight).
Canbeshapedusingmanyconventional
Onlyaboutonethirdthestiffnessofsteel.
steelformingtechnologies.
Stiffnesscanbeenhancedbymakingthe Thiswouldnegatetheweightadvantageand
increasethecosts.
panelsthicker.
Plastics
Stiffnessofordinaryplasticsisonly1/60
Muchlighterthansteelandaluminum.
Canbeformedintoamuchwidervariety 1/30thatofsteel;forreinforcedplasticsitis
1/151/5thatofsteel.
ofshapesthansteelandaluminum.
Upto10timesmoreexpensivethansteel
Require30%fewerpartsthanmetal
bodies.
(perunitofweight).
Thestateoftheartassemblyprocessesfor
plasticstructurescannotprovidefortight
tolerances.
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3. SYSTEM CONFLICTS
System Conflict Diagram:
SYSTEMCONFLICTDIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
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3. SYSTEM CONFLICTS
System Conflict Diagram:
SYSTEMCONFLICTDIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
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5. PENDEKATAN
QFD DAN TRIZ:
QFD (HOQ):
Prinsipdasar:Mendorongpengembangandesainproduk/jasadengan
pengumpulaninformasiyangrelevantentangkebutuhankonsumenmelalui
survei,interview,tes,benchmark,dll.
Fungsiutama: identifikasiisudanparameterpentingprodukdan
menghubungkanprioritasdannilaitarget(spesifikasidesain)untukmemenuhi
kebutuhantersebut.
TRIZ:
Prinsipdasar:Menghilangkan/mereduksikonflikmelalui:(1)hukumevolusi
sistemrekayasa(produk),(2)efekfisikal,dan(3)prinsipsolusi(desain).
Fungsiutama: membuatkonsepuntukmereduksiefeknegatif(kontradiksi
teknikalataufisikal)gunamemperbaikikinerjadaridesainyangada..
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5. PENDEKATAN
DEFINISI
TRIZ:
A humanorientedknowledgebasedsystematicmethodologyofinventive
problemsolving.
Knowledge:
The knowledgeaboutthegenericproblemsolvingheuristics(i.e.,rulesfor
makingstepsduringproblemsolving)isextractedfromavastnumberof
patentsworldwideindifferentengineeringfields.
Itusesknowledgeofeffects inthenaturalandengineeringsciences.Thislarge
storehouseofinformationissummarizedandreorganizedforefficientuse
duringproblemsolving.
Itusesknowledgeaboutthedomainwheretheproblemoccurs.This
knowledgeincludesinformationaboutthetechniqueitself,aswellasthe
similaroroppositesystemsandprocesses,techniqueenvironment,andits
evolutionordevelopment.
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5. PENDEKATAN
Human-oriented:
Heuristicsareorientedforusebyahumanbeing,notamachine.TheTRIZpracticeis
basedondividingatechniqueintosubsystems,distinguishingtheusefulandharmful
functionsofatechnique,andsoon.Suchoperationsarearbitrary,becausethey
dependontheproblemitselfandonsocioeconomiccircumstances,sotheycannotbe
performedbyacomputer.
Systematic:
Genericanddetailedmodelsofartificialsystemsandprocessesareconsideredwithin
theframeworkofTRIZspecialanalysis,andthesystematicknowledgeaboutthese
systemsandprocessesisimportant;
Proceduresforproblemsolvingandtheheuristicsaresystematicallystructuredin
ordertoprovideeffectiveapplicationofknownsolutionstonewproblems.
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5. PENDEKATAN
Inventive problems and solving:
PrimaryTRIZabstractionsforinventiveproblemsolvinginclude:
often theunknownstepappearsbecauseofcontradictoryrequirementsforthe
system;
oftentheunknowndesirablesituationcanbereplacedtemporarilybyanimaginary
idealsolution;
usuallytheidealsolutioncanbeobtainedduetoresourcesfromtheenvironmentor
frominsidethetechnique;
usuallytheidealsolutioncanbeprojectedfromknowntrendsoftechniqueevolution.
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5. PENDEKATAN
MATRIKS KONTRADIKSI TEKNIKAL
Menawarkanpendekatanuntukmengeliminasikonflikantaratributteknikprodukyang
akandikembangkan
ParameterTeknis
2:PARAMETER
YANGAKAN
DIPERLEMAH
Matrikskorelasi
antaratribut
teknis
HouseofQuality
Parameter
Teknis1:
PARAMETER
YANGAKAN
DIPERKUAT
Prinsipuntuk
mengeliminasi
konflik
MatriksKontradiksi
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Weightofmovingobject
Weightofstationaryobject
Lengthofmovingobject
Lengthofstationaryobject
Areaofmovingobject
Areaofstationaryobject
Volumeofmovingobject
Volumeofstationaryobject
Velocity
Force
Stressorpressure
Shape
Stabilityofobjectscomposition
Strength
Durationofactiongeneralizedbymovingobject
Durationofactiongeneralizedbystationaryobject
Temperature
Brighthness
Energyconsumedbymovingobject
Energyconsumedbystationaryobject
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21. Power
22. Energyloss
23. Substanceloss
24. Informationloss
25. Wasteoftime
26. Quantityofsubstance
27. Reliability
28. Accuracyofmeasurement
29. Manufacturingprecision
30. Harmfulactionaffectingthedesignobject
31. Harmfulactiongeneratedbythedesignobject
32. Manufacturability
33. Userfriendliness
34. Repairability
35. Flexibility
36. Complexityofdesignobject
37. Difficultytocontrolormeasure
38. Levelofautomation
39. Productivity
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ParameterTeknis1:PARAMETERYANGAKANDIPERKUAT
ParameterTeknis2:PARAMETERYANGAKANDIPERLEMAH
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ParameterTeknis2:PARAMETERYANGAKANDIPERLEMAH
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ParameterTeknis2:PARAMETERYANGAKANDIPERLEMAH
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ParameterTeknis2:PARAMETERYANGAKANDIPERLEMAH
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9. PROSEDUR
(1)IntheMatrix,selectanattributethatneedstobeimproved.
(2)Answerthefollowingquestions.
(a)Howisitpossibletoimprovethisattributeusingconventionalmeans?
(b)Whichattributewouldworsen,ifconventionalmeanswereused?
(3)SelectanattributeintheMatrixcorrespondingtoStep2b.
(4)UsingtheMatrix,identifytheinventiveprinciplesforovercomingthesystem
conflict.
(5)Trytoidentifyanotherattribute,associatedwiththeproblemthatmightbe
improved.
(6)RepeatSteps2to4inrelationtotheattributeidentifiedatStep5.
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9. PROSEDUR
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9. APLIKASI TRIZ
PRODUKDENGANPRINSIPDESAINUNTUKMEMECAHKANKONFLIKTEKNIKAL
Prinsip Contoh
Desain
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