Giao Trinh Autocad 2015 Tieng Vie T

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com/AutocadVietNam
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Mc lc
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AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng

Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad
Lm quen s b vi AutoCad
Chc nng mt s phm c bit
Cc quy c
II. Cc lnh v File

1. To File bn v mi
2. Lu File bn v
3. M bn v c sn
4. ng bn v
5. Thot khi AutoCad
III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im
1. H to s dng trong AutoCad
2. Cc phng php nhp to
3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap )
4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr
5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )
6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )
IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn
1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS
2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM
3. Lnh y bn v Pan
4. n v o bn v
5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho
6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn V
V. Cc Lnh v c bn
1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn )
2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn )
3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A )
4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt
5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)
6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)
7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL)
8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong
9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit
10. Lnh v im Point (PO)
11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype
12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)
13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME)
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VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn
1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)
2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops
3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)
4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo
5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)
6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)
VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh
1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)
2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)
3.Lnh ct m rng Extrim
4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)
5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX)
6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)
7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)
8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)
9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit
10. Lnh v mt ng thng hoc mt chm ng thng giao nhau. XLINE (Construction line)
11.Lnh v mt na ng thng (RAY)
12. Lnh v hnh vnh khn (DONUT )
13.Lnh v cc on thng c dy (TRACE )
14.Lnh v min c t c (SOLID )
15. Lnh to mt min t cc hnh ghp (REGION)
16.Lnh Cng cc vng Region (UNION )
17.Lnh Tr cc vng Region ( SUBTRACT )
18.Lnh Ly giao ca cc vng Region (INTERSECT )
19.Lnh to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn (BOUNDARY)
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh
1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)
2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)
3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)
4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)
5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI).
6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S).
7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)
IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu
1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L)
2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype
3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale
4. Bin CELTSCALE
X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu
1. Trnh t v mt ct
2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch
3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit
XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
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1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle
3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text
4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.
5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)
6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)
7. Lnh QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn
XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc
1. Cc thnh phn kch thc
2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style
3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng
4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm
5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc.
6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc
XIII. Bng lnh tt
I. M u Gii thiu chung

AutoCAD l phn mm mnh tr gip thit k, sng tc trn my tnh ca hng AUTODESK
(M) sn xut.
1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng
Phn mm AutoCAD l phn mm thit k thng dng cho cc chuyn ngnh c kh chnh xc v
xy dng. Bt u t th h th 10 tr i phm mm AutoCAD c ci tin mnh m theo hng
3 chiu v tng cng thm cc tin ch thn thin vi ngi dng.
T th h AutoCAD 10 phn mm lun c 2 phin bn song hnh. Mt phin bn chy trn
DOS v mt phin bn chy trn WINDOWS, xong phi n th h AutoCAD 14 phn mm mi
tng thch ton din vi h iu hnh WINDOWS v khng c phin bn chy trn DOS no na.
AutoCAD c mi quan h rt thn thin vi cc phn mm khc nhau p ng c cc
nhu cu s dng a dng nh : Th hin, m phng tnh, m phng ng, bo co, lp h s bn v...
i vi cc phn mm ho v m phng, AutoCAD to lp cc khi m hnh ba chiu vi
cc ch d bn v hp l, lm c s to cc bc nh mu v hot cnh cng trnh . AutoCAD cng
nhp c cc bc nh vo bn v lm nn cho cc bn v k thut mang tnh chnh xc.
i vi cc phn mm vn phng ( MicroSoft Office ), AutoCAD xut bn v sang hoc chy
trc tip trong cc phn mm dng nhng (OLE). Cng tc ny rt thun tin cho vic lp cc h
s thit k c km theo thuyt minh, hay trnh by bo v trc mt hi ng.
i vi cc phn mm thit k khc. AutoCAD to lp bn nn c th pht trin tip v
b xung cc thuc tnh phi a l, nh trong h thng thng tin a l (GIS)
Ngoi ra AutoCAD cng c c nhiu tin ch mnh, gip thit k t ng cc thnh phn cng trnh
trong kin trc v xy dng lm cho AutoCAD ngy cng p ng tt hn nhu cu thit k hin nay.
2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad
C th ni, kh nng v v v chnh xc l u th chnh ca AutoCad. Phn mm c th th hin tt c
nhng tng thit k trong khng gian ca nhng cng trnh k thut. S tnh ton ca cc i tng
v da trn c s cc to cc im v cc phng trnh khi phc tp, ph hp vi thc tin thi
cng cc cng trnh xy dng.
AutoCad sa cha v bin i c tt c cc i tng v ra. Kh nng cng ngy cng
mnh v thun tin cc th h sau. Cng vi kh nng b cc mi cc i tng, AutoCad to iu
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kin t hp nhiu hnh khi t s t cc i tng ban u, rt ph hp vi tng sng tc trong
ngnh xy dng.
AutoCad c cc cng c to phi cnh v h tr v trong khng gian ba chiu mnh, gip c
cc gc nhn chnh xc ca cc cng trnh nh trong thc t.
AutoCad cung cp cc ch v thun tin, v cng c qun l bn v mnh, lm cho bn v
c t chc c khoa hc, my tnh x l nhanh, khng mc li, v nhiu ngi c th tham gian
trong qu trnh thit k.
Cui cng, AutoCad cho php in bn v theo ng t l, v xut bn v ra cc lai tp khc
nhau tng thch vi nhiu th loi phn mm khc nhau.
3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad
Khi ng AutoCad
-Bt my, bt mn hnh
- Nhp p phm tri ca chut vo biu tng AutoCad 2007.
-Hoc dng chut vo Start/Programs/Autodesk/AutoCad 2007.
Cc cch vo lnh trong AutoCad
Vo lnh t bn phm c th hin dng "Command". Cc lnh c dch ra nhng ngn t
thng dng ca ting Anh, nh line, pline, arc v thng c lnh vit tt. Khi ang thc hin mt
lnh, mun g lnh mi, cn nhp phm ESC trn bn phm.
Vo lnh t thc n th c thc hin thng qua chut. Cng c th vo lnh t thc n mn hnh
bn phi
Vo lnh t nhng thanh cng c. Nhng thanh cng c ny c thit k theo nhm lnh. Mi
k hiu thc hin mt lnh.
Cc cch vo lnh u c gi tr ngang nhau. Tu theo thi quen v tin nghi ca mi ngi s
dng m p dng. Thng th ta kt hp gia g lnh vo bn phm v dng thanh cng c hay thc
n s xung.
4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit
-F1 : Tr gip Help
-F2 : Chuyn t mn hnh ho sang mn hnh vn bn v ngc li.
-F3 : (Ctrl + F) Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (OSNAP)
- F5 : (Ctrl + E) Chuyn t mt chiu ca trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc.
- F6 : (Ctrl + D) Hin th ng to ca con chut khi thay i v tr trn mn hnh
- F7 : (Ctrl + G) M hay tt mng li im (GRID)
-F8 : (Ctrl + L) Gii hn chuyn ng ca chut theo phng thng ng hoc nm ngang
(ORTHO)
- F9 : (Ctrl + B) Bt tt bc nhy (SNAP)
-F10 : Tt m dng trng thi Polar
Phm ENTER :
Kt thc vic a mt cu lnh v nhp cc d liu vo my x l. Phm
BACKSPACE ( <-- ): Xo cc k t nm bn tri con tr.
Phm CONTROL :
Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s
gy ra cc hiu qu khc nhau tu thuc nh ngha ca chng trnh (V
d : CTRL + S l ghi bn v ra a.
Phm SHIFT :
Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s to ra mt k hiu hoc kiu ch
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in.
Phm ARROW
(cc phm mi tn ): Di chuyn con tr trn mn hnh.
Phm CAPSLOCK : Chuyn gia kiu ch thng sang kiu ch in.
Phm ESC :
Hu lnh ang thc hin.
R (Redraw) :
Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng cc du "+" ( BLIPMODE )
DEL :
thc hin lnh Erase
Ctrl + P :
Thc hin lnh in Plot/Print
Ctrl + Q :
Thc hin lnh thot khi bn v
Ctrl + Z :
Thc hin lnh Undo
Ctrl + Y :
Thc hin lnh Redo
Ctrl + S :
Thc hin lnh Save , QSave
Ctrl + N :
Thc hin lnh To mi bn v New
Ctrl + O :
Thc hin lnh m bn v c sn Open
Chc nng ca cc phm chut:
- Phm tri dng chn i tng v chn cc v tr trn mn hnh.
- Phm phi, tng ng vi phm ENTER trn bn phm, khng nh cu lnh.
- Phm gia (thng l phm con ln) dng kch hot tr gip bt im, hoc khi xoay th s thu
phng mn hnh tng ng.
5. Cc quy c
H to : Mi im trong khng gian c xc nh bng 1 h to x, y, z vi 3 mt phng c
bn xy, xz, yz.
n v o: Thc t thit k trong ngnh xy dng cho thy, n v thng dng v l mm. Do
vy nhn chung, ta c th quy c rng:
Mt n v trn mn hnh tung ng 1mm trn thc t.
Gc xoay:
- Trong mt phng hai chiu, xoay theo chiu kim ng h l gc m (-), ngc chiu kim ng h l
gc dung (+).
II. Cc lnh v File

1. To File bn v mi
Menu tab
New tab/ Start Drawing
Nhp lnh
Ctrl + N
- Mn hnh lm vic hin ln.

2. Lu File bn v.
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Menu bar
File\Save...
Nhp lnh
Save hoc Ctrl + S
Toolbar
+ Trng hp bn v cha c ghi thnh File th sau khi thc hin lnh Save xut hin hp thoi
Save Drawing As ta thc hin cc bc sau.
-Chn th mc, a mc: Save In
- t tn File vo : File Name
-Chn Files of type chn ghi File vi cc phin bn Cad trc ( Nu cn)
-Cui cng nhn nt SAVE hoc nhn phm ENTER
+ Trng hp bn v c ghi thnh File th ta ch cn nhp chut tri vo biu tng ghi trn
thanh cng c hoc nhn phm Ctrl + S lc ny Cad t ng cp nht nhng thay i vo file c ghi
sn .
3. M bn v c sn.
Xut hin hp thoi : Select File
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
File\Open...
Save hoc Ctrl + O
-Chn th mc v a cha File cn m : Look in

- Chn kiu File cn m (Nu Cn ) : File of type
-Chn File cn m trong khung.
-Cui cng nhn nt OPEN hoc nhn phm ENTER
-Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Open
4. ng bn v
Nhp lnh
Menu bar
File\Close
Close
Toolbar
Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng

.
Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc Lu bn v)
.
Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i
-Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.
5. Thot khi AutoCad
Nhp lnh
Menu bar
Toolbar
File\Exit
Exit, Quit, Ctrl + Q
Hoc ta c th chn nt du nhn gc trn bn phi ca mn hinh
Hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4
Nu bn v cha c ghi th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi file bn v khng
Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc Lu bn v)
Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i
Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.
III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im

1. H to s dng trong AutoCad
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a. H to cc.
xc nh v tr im ng, mt phng v cc i tng hnh hc khc th v tr ca chng phi
c tham chiu n mt v tr bit. im ny gi l im tham chiu hoc im gc ta . H to
cc c s dng ph bin trong ton hc v ho v dng xc nh v tr ca cc hnh hc trong
mt phng v trong khng gian ba chiu.
H to hai chiu (2D) c thit lp bi mt im gc to l giao im gia hai trc
vung gc: Trc honh nm ngang v trc tung thng ng. Trong bn v AutoCad mt im trong
bn v hai chiu c xc nh bng honh X v tung Y cch nhau bi du phy (X,Y). im
gc to l (0,0) . X v Y c th mang du m hoc du dng tu thuc v tr ca im so vi trc to
. Trong bn v ba chiu (3D) ta phi nhp thm cao Z
* To tuyt i
Da theo gc to (0,0) ca bn v xc nh im. Gi tr to tuyt i da theo gc to
(0,0) ni m trc X v trc Y giao nhau. S dng to tuyt i khi m bn bit chnh xc gi tr
to X v Y ca im.
V d to 30,50 nh hnh v ch nh im c 30 n v dc theo trc X v 50 n v dc theo
trc Y. Trn hnh v 1 v ng thng bt u
t im (-50,-50) n (30,-50) ta thc hin nh sau:
Command:
Line
Specify first point:
-50,-50
Specify next point or [Undo]:
30,-50
* To tng i
Da trn im nhp cui cng nht trn bn
v. S dng to tng i khi bn bit v tr ca
im tng i vi im trc . ch nh to
tng i ta nhp vo trc to du @ (at sign).
V d to @30,50 ch nh 1 im 30 n v
theo trc X v 50 n v theo trc Y t im ch
nh cui cng nht trn bn v.
V d ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) c khong cch theo hng

X l 0 n v v theo hng Y l 100 n v nh hnh
Command:
Line
Specify first point:
30,-50
Specify next point or [Undo]:
@0,100
b. H to cc.
To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch nh khong
cch v gc so vi gc to (0,0). im P1 trn hnh v 2 c to cc l 50<60. ng
chun o gc theo chiu dng trc X ca h to cc. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim
ng h hnh v
nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn (<).
V d ch nh im c khong cch 1 n v t im trc v gc 45o ta nhp nh sau:
@1<45. Theo mc nh gc tng theo ngc chiu kim ng h v gim theo chiu kim ng h.
thay i chiu kim ng h ta nhp gi tr m cho gc.
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V d nhp 1<315 tng ng vi 1<-45. Bn c th thay i thit lp hng v ng
chun o gc bng lnh Units.
To cc c th l tuyt i (o theo gc to ) hoc tng i (o theo im trc ).
ch nh to cc tng i ta nhp thm du @ (a mc, a cng hoc at sign)
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Trong v d sau y ta v cc on thng l cc cnh ca lc gic u (hnh v ) theo to cc
vi cc gc khc nhau s dng hng gc mc nh (chiu dng trc X l gc 0)
Hnh 1: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line
Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k) Specify
next point or [Undo] : @60<0 (P2) Specify next
point or [Undo/Close]: @60<60 (P3)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<120 (P4)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<180 (P5)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<-120 (P6)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (ng im
u vi im cui P6 vi P1)
Hnh 2: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line

Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k) Specify
next point or [Undo] : @100<0 (P2) Specify next point
or [Undo] : @100<120 (P3) Specify next point or
[Undo/Close]: @100<-120 (P6) hoc g C ng im
u vi im cui.
2. Cc phng php nhp to

Cc lnh v nhc chng ta phi nhp to cc dim vo trong bn v. Trong bn v 2 chiu
(2D) ta ch cn nhp honh (X) v tung (Y), cn trong bn v 3 chiu (3D) th ta phi nhp
thm cao (Z).
C 6 phng php nhp to mt im trong bn v.
a. Dng phm tri chut chn (PICK) : Kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im
b. To tuyt i: Nhp to tuyt i X,Y ca im theo gc to (0,0) Chiu trc quy nh nh
hnh v.
c. To cc : Nhp to cc ca im (D<) theo khong cch D gia im vi gc to (0,0)
v gc nghing so vi ng chun.
d. To tng i: Nhp to ca im theo im cui cng nht xc nh trn bn v. Ti dng
nhc ta nhp @X,Y Du @ c ngha l ( Last Point) im cui cng nht m ta xc nh trn bn v.
e. To cc tng i: Ti dng nhc ta nhp @D< trong
D: Khong cch gia im ta cn xc nh vi im cui cng nht trn bn v.
Gc l gc gia ng chun v on thng ni 2 im.
ng chun l ng thng xut pht t gc to tng i v nm theo chiu dng
trc X.
Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h. Gc m l gc cng chiu kim ng h.
f. Nhp khong cch trc tip :
Nhp khong cch tng i so vi im cui cng nht,
nh hng bng Cursor v nhn Enter.
3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap)
Trong khi thc hin cc lnh v AutoCAD c kh nng gi l Object Snap (OSNAP) dng
truy bt cc im thuc i tng, v d: im cui ca Line, im gia ca Arc, tm ca Circle, giao
im gia Line v Arc... Khi s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, ti giao im hai si tc xut hin
mt vung c tn gi l Aperture hoc l vung truy bt v ti im cn truy bt xut hin Marker
(khung hnh k hiu phng thc truy bt). Khi ta chn cc i tng ang trng thi truy bt v gn
im cn tm.
Bt u thc hin mt lnh no i hi phi ch nh im (Specify a point), v d: Arc, Circle,
Line... Khi ti dng nhc lnh yu cu ch nh im (Specify a point) th ta chn phng thc bt im
bng 1 trong cc phng php sau:
- Nhp gi phm SHIFT v phm phi ca chut khi con tr ang trn vng ho s xut hin
Shortcut menu Object snap. Sau chn phng thc bt im t Shortcut menu ny.
- Nhp tn tt (ba ch ci u tin, v d END, CEN...) vo dng nhc lnh
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- Di chuyn vung truy bt ngang qua v tr cn truy bt, khi s c mt khung hnh k hiu phng
thc (Marker) hin ln ti im cn truy bt v nhp phm chn (khi cn nhp phm TAB chn im truy
bt)
-Trong AutoCAD 2015, ta c tt c 15 phng thc truy bt im ca i tng (gi tt l truy bt
im). Ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im thng tr hoc tm tr. Trong mc ny gii
thiu truy bt im tm tr.
Cc phng thc truy bt i tng (theo th t )
4. INTersection
S dng bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Khi truy bt, ta

cn chn i tng cn truy bt tm.
S dng bt im cui ca ng thng (Line), Spline, Cung trn, Phn
on ca pline, mline. Chn v tr gn im cui cn truy bt. V ng thng v
cung trn c hai im cui, do AutoCAD s bt im cui no gn giao
im 2 si tc nht.
Dng bt im chn ca dng ch v block (khi). Chn mt im bt
k ca dng ch hay block v nhp chn.
Dng bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt th giao im
phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc c hai i tng u chm vi
vung truy bt. Ngoi ra ta c th chn ln lt
5. MIDpoint
Dng truy bt im gia ca mt ng thng cung trn hoc Spline.

Chn mt im bt k thuc i tng.
6. NEArest
Dng truy bt mt im thuc i tng gn giao im vi 2 si tc

nht. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng gn im cn truy bt v
nhp phm chut tri
7. NODe
Dng truy bt mt im (Point). Cho vung truy bt n chm vi

im v nhp ph chut.
8. PERpendicular
Dng truy bt im vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho vung

truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chut. ng thng vung
gc vi ng trn s i qua tm
9. QUAdrant
Dng truy bt cc im 1/4 ( Circle, Elipp, Arc, ...)
10. TANgent
Dng truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Elipp, Circle,)
11. FROm
Phng thc truy bt mt im bng cch nhp to tng i hoc cc

tng i l mt im chun m ta c th truy bt. Phng thc ny thc
hin 2 bc. Bc 1: Xc nh gc to tng i ti dng nhc "Base
point" (bng cch nhp to hco s dng cc phng thc truy bt
khc) Bc 2: Nhp to tng i, cc tng i ca im cn tm ti
dng nhc "Offset" so vi im gc to tng i va xc nh ti bc
1
1. CENter
2. ENDpoint
3. INSert
12. APPint
Phng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i tng 3D trong m

im hnh hin hnh m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao nhau.
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13. Tracking
Trong AutoCAD ta c th s dng la chn Tracking nhp to im

tng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh. S dng tng t Point filters v
From
Gn ch truy bt im thng tr
4. Lnh Osnap (OS)
vo ca s lnh Object Snap ta lm nh sau:
Nhp lnh
Customization
OSnap hoc OS
Snap model/Snap model/snap setting/object snap
gn ch truy bt im thng tr bng hp thoi Drafting Setting. lm xut hin hp
thoi Drafting Setting ta thc hin
G lnh OSnap (OS) hoc tools/Dsettings hoc bng Menu hoc gi Shift v nhp phi
chut trn mn hnh CAD s xut hin Shortcut Menu v ta chn OSnap Settings... ( Nu
trc
cha gn ch truy bt im thng tr no ta c th nhn phm F3)
Khi hp thoi Drafting Setting xut hin ta chn trang Object Snap Sau ta chn
cc phng thc truy bt im cn dng sau nhn OK thot.
IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn
1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS
Sau khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCad, nhp chut vo Start from scartch v chn h o l
http://cadvn.com/
Metric, ta s c mt mn hnh ca khng gian lm vic c ln mc nh l 420, 297 n v. Nu quy
c 1 n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi 1 mm ngoi thc t, ta s v c i tng c kch 42 cm x
29,7 cm. Nu v cng trnh, khng gian rt cht hp. Do vy ta cn nh ngha mt khng gian lm
vic ln hn.
Nhp lnh:
Menu : Format/Drawing Limits
Bn phm : Limits
Command : limits
G lnh gii hn mn hnh
Reset Model space limits :
Nhp Enter ng vi to im u
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF]
ca gii hn mn hnh.
<0.0000,0.0000> :
Specify upper right corner
Cho gii hn mn hnh ln bng mt khng
<420.0000,297.0000> : 42000,29700
gian rng 42 m x 29,7 m ngoi thc t
Lu :
-Cho d khng gian c nh ngha rng hn 100 ln hin ti, mn hnh lc ny vn khng c g
thay i. Ta phi thc hin lnh thu khng gian gii hn vo bn trong mn hnh bng lnh di
y.
2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM.
Nhp lnh:
Menu : View/Zoom
Command : z
-Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor
(nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <real time> : a
Cc tham s ca lnh ZOOM:
Bn phm : zoom
- G lnh thu phng mn hnh
- Nhp tham s cn dng sau g Enter
Real Time: Sau khi vo lnh ZOOM ta nhn phm Enter lun vo thc hin la chn sau ta gi phm tri chut v click
a ln trn hoc xung di phng to hay thu nh.
All: Autocad s hin th tt c bn v trn mn hnh lm vic
Center: Phng to mn hnh lm vieevj quanh mt tm im v vi chiu cao ca ca s lm vic
Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s hnh ch nht.
Previus: Phc hi li hnh nh Zoom trc .
Lu :
-Nu c i tng v to hn hoc nm ngoi gii hn mn hnh th lnh ny s thu ng thi c gii
hn mn hnh (t to 0,0) v i tng v vo trong mn hnh.
3. Lnh y bn v Pan
Lnh Pan cho php y bn v. di chuyn v tr bn v so vi mn hnh quan st cc phn cn thit ca bn v m khng lm thay i
ln hnh nh bn v.
Nhp lnh
Mouse
http://cadvn.com/
Biu tng
Pan hoc P
n bnh xe chut v r chut
4. n v o bn v.
Lnh Unit nh n v di v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi
Drawing Units. Trn hp thoi ny ta c th chn n v cho bn v.
Nhp lnh
Customization
Units
5. Lnh Snap.
http://cadvn.com/
Lnh Snap iu khin trng thi con chy (Cursor) l giao im ca hai si tc. Xc nh bc nhy
con chy v gc quay ca hai si tc. Bc nhy bng khong cch li Grid Trng thi Snap c
th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Snap trn thanh trng thi pha di hoc nhn phm F9
Nhp lnh
Snap
Phm tt
F9 hoc Ctrl + B
6. Lnh Grid.
Lnh Grid to cc im li trn gii hn bn v khong cch cc im li theo phng
X, Y c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau tu theo ta nh ngha trong hp thoi Drafting Setting...
Trng thi Grid c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Grid trn thanh trng thi pha di
hoc nhn phm F7.
Nhp lnh
Phm tt
Grid
F7 hoc Ctrl + G
7. Lnh Ortho
Lnh Orthor thit lp ch v lnh Line theo phng ca cc si tc
8. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v

Nhp Lnh
Lnh tt
http://cadvn.com/
mvsetup
MVS
Sau khi nhp lnh ta nhn phm Space ca s command xut hin cc dnh nhc v ta lm nh sau:
Dng nhc ti thanh command
Nhp vo cc gi tr thit lp nh sau
(Ta nhp N v nhn Enter)
Enable pager Space? [No/Yes] <Y>
(ta nhp M chn h mt v nhn Enter)
Enter units type [.........../Metric]
( Nhp gi tr t l)
Enter the scale factor
Enter the Pager width
(Nhp chiu rng kh giy)
Enter the Pager height
(Nhp chiu cao kh giy)
Nu mun v vi t l 1:100 th ta nhp vo l 100 hoc 1:50 th nhp l 50. Tng t vi cc t l
khc.
Bng n gii hn bn v (Limits) theo kh giy in v t l.
Paper size (mm)
A4: 297x210
mm
m
A3: 420x297
mm
m
A2: 594x420
mm
m
A1: 841x594
mm
m
A0: 1189x841
mm
m
T l v: 1:1
T l in: 1=1
T l v: 1:2
T l in: 1=2
T l v: 1:5
T l in: 1=5
T l v: 1:10
T l in: 1=10
T l v: 1:20
T l in: 1=20
297x210
0.297x0.21
594x420
0.594x0.42
1485x1050
1.485x1.05
2970x2100
2.97x2.1
5940x4200
5.94x4.2
420x297
0.42x0.297
840x594
0.84x0.594
2100x1485
2.1x1.485
4200x2970
4.1x2.97
8400x5940
8.4x5.94
549x420
0.549x0.42
1188x840
1.188x0.84
2970x2100
2.97x2.1
5940x4200
5.94x4.2
11880x8400
11.88x8.4
841x594
0.841x0.594
1682x1188
1.682x1.188
4205x2970
4.205x2.97
8410x5940
8.41x5.94
16820x11880
16.82x11.88
1189x841
1.189x0.841
2378x1682
2.378x1.682
5945x4205
5.945x4.205
11980x8410
1.198x8.41
23780x16820
23.78x16.82
V. Cc Lnh v c bn.
1. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )
Ribbon
Draw/Line
Nhp lnh
Line hoc L
Command : L
Specify first point
Specify next point or [Undo]
Tool bar
Ch cn g ch ci l
- Nhp to im u tin
- Nhp to im cui ca on thn
Specify next point or [Undo/Close] - Tip tc nhp to
im cui ca on thng hoc g ENTER kt
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thc lnh ( Nu ti dng nhc ny ta g U th Cad s
hu ng thng va v. Nu g C th Cad s ng
im cui cng vi im u tin trong trng hp v
nhiu on thng lin tip)
-Trong trng hp F8 bt th ta ch cn a chut v pha mun v on thng sau nhp chiu di ca
on thng cn v .
V d:
Command : L
- Specify first point
- Chn mt im u tin
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut sang phi g s s c
on thng nm ngang di 100
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s s c

on thng ng di 100
2. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )
Ribbon
Draw/Circle
Nhp lnh
Line hoc C
Tool bar
C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn

Tm v bn knh hoc ng knh ( Center, Radius hoc Diameter)
Command : C
- Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]
- Nhp to tm (bng cc phng php
nhp to hoc truy bt im)
-Specify Radius of circle or [Diameter]:
- Nhp bn knh hoc to ca ng trn
(Nu ta g D ti dng nhc ny th xut
hin dng nhc sau)
- Specify Diameter of circle:
- Ti y ta nhp gi tr ca ng knh
V d: V ng trn c tm bt k v c bn knh l 50 v ng trn c ng knh l 50
3 Point (3P) v ng trn i qua 3 im
Command : C
Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]
Specify First Point on circle
Specify Second Point on circle
: Ti dng nhc ny ta g 3P
: Nhp im th nht ( dng cc phng
php nhp to hoc truy bt im)
: Nhp im th 2
Specify Third Point on circle

: Nhp im th 3
Ngoi phng php nhp qua 3 im nh trn ta c th dng Menu (Draw\ Circle) dng phng
php TAN, TAN, TAN v ng trn tiu xc vi 3 i tng.
2 Point (2P) v ng trn i qua 2 im
Command : C

: Ti dng nhc ny ta g 2P
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Specify First End Point of circle's diameter
Specify Second End Point of circle diameter
: Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng cc

phng php nhp to hoc truy bt
im)
: Nhp im cui ca ng knh
ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR)

Command : C
Specify Point on Object for first tangent of Circle
: Ti dng nhc ny ta g T
: Chn i tng th nht ng
trn tip xc
Specify Point on Object for Second tangent of Circle : Chn i tng th hai ng
trn tip xc
Specify Radius of Circle <>
: Nhp bn knh ng trn
V ng trn i qua 3 im TAN, TAN, TAN

Menu (Draw\ Circle) dng phng php TAN, TAN, TAN v ng trn tip xc vi 3 i tng.
3. Lnh v cung trong.
S dng lnh ARC v cung trn. Trong qu trnh v ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, cc
phng php nhp to xc nh cc im.
Ribbon
Draw/Arc
Nhp lnh
Arc hoc A
Tool bar
C cc phng php v cung trn sau.

Cung trn i qua 3 im ( 3 Point )
V cung trn i qua 3 im. Ta c th chn ba im bt
Command : A => enter
(Hoc ribbon Draw\ARC\3 Points)
Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]
Specify second point of arc or
[CEnter/ENd]
Specify end point of arc
k hoc s dng phng thc truy bt im.
- Nhp im th nht
- Nhp im th hai
- Nhp im th ba.
V cung vi im u tm im cui ( Start, Center, End )

Nhp ln lt im u, tm v im cui . im cui khng nht thit phi lm trn cung trn. Cung
trn c v theo ngc chiu kim ng h.
Command : A => Enter
(Hoc ribbon : Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Endpoint)
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-Nhp im th u S
Specify second point of arc or

[CEnter/ENd]: CE
-Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE

Nu chn lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc
ny.
- Nhp to tm cung trn.
Specify Center point of arc

Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord
Length]
- Nhp to im cui
V cung vi im u tm v gc tm ( Start, Center, Angle )

Command : A => enter
(Hoc ribbon: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Angle)
Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]:
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord
Length]:
Specify included Angle
-Nhp im th u
-Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE
Nu chn lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc
ny.
-Nhp to tm cung trn.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A
(nu chn t menu th khng c dng nhc ny)
Nhp gi tr gc tm
V cung vi im u tm v chiu di dy cung ( Start, Center, Length of Chord )

Command : A => Enter
(Hoc ribbon: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Length)
Nhp im th u
Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: CE
Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn lnh v

Menu th khng c dng nhc ny
Nhp to tm cung trn
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]:

L
Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch L (nu chn t menu

th khng c dng nhc ny)
Specify length of chord
Nhp chiu di dy cung
V cung vi im u, im cui v bn knh (Start, End, Radius)

Command : Arc
(Hoc ribbon: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Radius)
Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]
Nhp im th u
Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu
http://cadvn.com/
chn EN lnh t Menu th khng c dng nhc ny)
Nhp im cui ca cung trn.
Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch R (nu chn t menu
Nhp bn knh ca cung

Specify center point of arc or
[Angle/Direction/Radius]: R
Specify radius of arc
V cung vi im u, im cui v gc tm (Start, End, Included Angle)

Command : A
(Hoc ribbon: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Included Angle)
Nhp im u
Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]:
Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp EN ( Nu chn EN lnh
v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny.
Nhp to im cui ca cung.
Specify center point of arc or
Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A (nu chn t menu
[Angle/Direction/Radius]: A
Specify included angle
Nhp gi tr gc tm
Ngoi ra cn c cc phng php v cung trn ph sau
V cung vi im u, im cui v hng tip tuyn ca cung ti im bt u (Start, End, Direction)
V cung vi tm, im u v im cui (Center, Start, End)
V cung vi tm, im u v gc tm (Center, Start, Angle)
V cung vi tm, im u v chiu di dy cung (Center, Start, Length)
4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL)
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/polyline
Pline hoc Pl
Command : PL
- Specify start point :
- Current line-width is 0.0000
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth
/Length /Undo/Width]:
- ..............
- Cc tham s chnh
+ Close
+ Halfwidth
* Starting halfwidth<>:
* Ending halfwidth<>:
+ Width
* Starting Width<>:
* Ending Width<>:
+ Length
- Nhp im u ca ng thng
- Th hin chiu rng hin hnh
- Nhp im th 2 hoc chn cc tham s khc
ca lnh Pline
- ............ ( tim tc nhp im tip theo...)
+ ng Pline bi mt on thng nh Line

+ nh na chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui
+ nh chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui
+ V tip mt phn on c chiu nh on thng trc
nu phn on trc l cung trn th n s tip
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* Length of line:
+ Undo
+ Arc
xc vi cung trn .
* Nhp chiu di phn on sp v.
+ Hu b nt v trc .
+ V cung trn ni tip vi ng thng.
5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)

Ribbon
Draw/polygon
Nhp lnh
polygon hoc Pol
Tool bar
-V a gic ngoi tip ng trn Command : POL

-Enter number of side <4>:
-Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
-Enter an option [.....] <I>: C
-Specify radius of circle:
Nhp s cnh ca a gic

Nhp to tm ca a gic
Ti dng nhc ny ta g C
Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip a
gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im l
im gia mt cnh a gic.
-V a gic ni tip ng trn Command : POL
Nhp s cnh ca a gic

-Enter number of side <4>:
-Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
Nhp to tm ca a gic
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g I
-Enter an option [.....] <I>: I
-Specify radius of circle:
-Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip
a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im l im nh ca a gic
-V a gic theo cnh ca a gic Command : POL
Enter number of side <4>:
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E
Specify first endpoint of edge:
Specify Second endpoint of edge:
Nhp s cnh ca a gic

Ti dng nhc ny ta goa E
Chn hoc nhp to im u mt cnh
Chn hoc nhp to im cui cnh
6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)

Lnh REC dng v hnh ch nht. Hnh ch nht a tuyn ta c th dng lnh Pedit
hiu chnh v lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc on thng
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Rectangle/
Rectangle hoc REC
Command : REC
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/
- Nhp gc th nht ca HCN hoc nhp cc
Elevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width:
tham s (nhp ch ci u ca tham s)
- Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: ] - Nhp gc th hai ca HCN hoc nhp tham s D
( cc tham s c th nh sau)
+ Chamfer (Sau khi vo lnh g ch C )
- Vt mp 4 nh HCN
* Specify first chamfer distance........
* Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th nht
* Specify Second chamfer distance........
* Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th hai
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* Specify first corner........
* Specify other corner point.......
+ Fillet (Sau khi vo lnh g ch F )
* Specify fillet radius for rectangles..
+ Width (Sau khi vo lnh g ch W )
* Specify line width for rectangles<>:
* Sau khi nhp thng s cho vt mp ta nhp gc

th nht ca HCN
* Nhp gc th hai ca HCN
- Bo trn cc nh ca HCN
* Nhp bn knh cn bo trn
* Sau khi nhp bn knh ta nhp gc th nht
ca HCN
- nh b rng nt v HCN
* Nhp b rng nt v HCN
* Sau khi nhp b rng nt v ta nhp gc th
nht ca HCN

+ Elevation/ Thickness - Dng trong v 3D
+ Dimension - Tham s ny cho php nhp chiu cao v chiu di HCN theo cc dng nhc sau
y.
* Specify lenght for rectangles<..>:
* Nhp chiu di ca HCN
* Specify Widht for rectangles<..>:
* Nhp chiu cao ca HCN
7. Lnh v hnh Elip
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Ellepse/
Ellepse hoc El
Lnh EL dng v ng Elip. Tu thuc vo bin PELLIPSE ng Elip c th l
PELLIPSE = 1 ng EL l mt a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn.
Ta c th s dng lnh PEDIT hiu chnh
PELLIPSE = 0 ng Elip l ng Spline y l ng cong NURBS ( xem lnh Spline) v ta
khng th Explode n c. ng Elip ny c th truy bt tm v im 1/4 nh
ng trn
Nu thay i bin ta g PELLIPSE ti dng lnh sau nhp gi tr ca bin l 0 hoc l 1
Trng hp PELLIPSE = 0 ta c ba phng php v Elip
Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li
Command : EL
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center] - Nhp im u trc th nht
- Specify other endpoint of axis:
- Nhp im cui trc th nht
- Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]:
- Nhp khong cch na trc th hai
.
R ( nu chn tham s R )
* Chn R xc nh khong cch na trc th hai
.
Specify rotation around major axis:
* Nhp gc quay quanh ng trn trc
Tm v cc trc
Command : EL
- ecify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]:
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g C
- ecify center of Ellipse :
- Nhp to hoc chn tm Elip
-Specify endpoint of axis:
- Nhp khong cch na trc th nht
* ( nu chn tham s R xem nh trn )
V cung Elip
Command : EL
http://cadvn.com/
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]:
- Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [center]
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g A
- Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc
th nht
- Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc
th nht
- Chn im u ca cung hoc nhp gi tr
gc y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi
ng thng t tm n im u ca cung
-Chn cui ca cung hoc nhp gi tr
gc y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi
ng thng t tm n im cui ca cung
- Specify other endpoint of axis :

- Specify start angle or [Parameter]:
- Specify end angle or [Parameter/Include angle]:
8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong
Lnh Spline dng to cc ng cong c hnh dng khng u

V d v cc ng ng mc trong h thng thng tin a l hoc trong thit k khung sn
t, v tu thuyn ...
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Spline/
Spline hoc SPL
Command : SPL
Specify first point or [Object]:
Specify next point:
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start
tangent>:
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start
tangent>:
Specify end tangent:
Specify end tangent:
Chn im u ca Spline
Chn im k tip
Chn to im k tip
Chn to im k tip hoc nhn phm ENTER kt
thc
Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc ENTER
chn mc nh
Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc ENTER
chn mc nh
. Tham s CLOSE
- ng kn ng SPLINE ( ni im u
vi im cui)
.Tham s Fit to lerance
- To ng cong Spline min hn. Khi gi tr
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start ny = 0 th ng SLPINE i qua tt c cc
tangent>: f
im ta chn. Khi gi tr ny khc khng th
ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to
ng cong min hn
- Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: 5
- ENTER hoc nhp gi tr dng
9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v Mledit
Lnh Mline dng v mt bng cc cng trnh kin trc, xy dng, v bn . to kiu
ng Mline ta s dng lnh Mlstyle, hiu chnh ng mline ta s dng lnh Mledit.
a. To kiu ng mline bng lnh Mlstyle
b. Trc khi thc hin lnh Mline chng ta phi to kiu ng Mline, xc nh cc thnh phn
Mline v khong cch gia cc thnh phn, dng ng v mu cho thnh phn.
c. Mlstyle => Enter
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d. Sau khi vo lnh sut hin hp thoi sau
b. V ng song song Mline
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Ribbon
Draw/Multiline/
Nhp lnh
Mline hoc ML
Tool bar
Mline V cc ng song song, mi ng song song c gi l thnh phn (element) ca

ng mline. Ti a to c 16 thnh phn.
Command : ML => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/
Chn im u tin ca Mline
STyle]:
Specify next point:
Chn im k tip
Specify next point or [Undo]
Chn im k tip hoc nhp U hu phn on va
v
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]
Chn im k tip hoc s dng cc la
chn. Nu chn C ng im u vi im
cui trong trng hp v lin tc.
Cc tham s ca lnh Command : ML
Command
STyle]: J
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom]
<top>:
STyle]: S
STyle]: S
Thao tc
Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp J nh v tr ca
ng Mline bng ng tm hay ng trn hoc
ng di.
Chn cc tham s cn nh v tr
Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S
nh t l cho kong cch gia cc thnh phn
Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S
nhp tn khiu Mline c sn
c. Lnh hiu chnh ng mline

Ribbon
Modify/object/Multiline
Nhp lnh
Mledit
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10. Lnh v im Poit (PO)

Ribbon
Draw/Poit/
Nhp lnh
Poit hoc PO
Comand : Po
Command
Tool bar
Thao tc
Specity a point :
Ch nh v tr im
11. Lnh hiu chnh kiu im
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Format/point Style
Ddpttpe
Sau khi nhp lnh s xut hin hp thoi Point Style. Ta thng s dng phng thc truy bt im
NODE
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12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Draw/point/Divide
Divide Hoc DIV
Dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c chiu di bng
nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im. i tng c chia vn gi nguyn
tnh cht l mt i tng. nh kiu ca cc im chia ny ta dng lnh PointStyle hc trn.
truy bt cc im ny ta dng phng php truy bt NODe
Command : DIV => Enter
Thao tc
Chn i tng cn chia
Nhp s on cn chia hoc nhp B ( Nu chn B
xut hin dng nhc sau) chn mt khi (Block)
vo cc im chia.
Nhp tn khi cn chn
Enter name of block to insert:
Mun quay khi khi chn khng
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Nhp s on cn chia
Enter the number of segments:
13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME)
Tng t Divide lnh Measure dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline)
thnh cc on c chiu di cho trc bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt
im. i tng c chia vn gi nguyn cc tnh cht i tng ban u
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Draw/point/Measure
Measure Hoc ME
Command : ME => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Select object to Measure:
Chn i tng cn chia
Command
Select object to divide:
Enter the number of segments or [Block]:
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Specify length of segment or [Block]:
Nhp chiu di mi on hoc nhp B ( Nu chn

B xut hin dng nhc sau)chn mt khi (Block)
vo cc im chia.
Enter name of block to insert:
Nhp tn khi cn chn
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Mun quay khi khi chn khng
Specify length of segment:
Chiu di on cn chia
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Xline/
Xline
Lnh ny thng c s dng v cc ng ging, cc ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Trong php
v mt chiu cng c th s dng lnh ny tm im v, nu kt hp thm vi cc lnh Trim, Scale... c th
to thnh cc cnh ca hnh chiu
Command line: Xline => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: chn mt im bt u v (hoc chn H,V,A,B,O)
chn im th hai ca ng thng
Specify through point:
chn im khc nu mun v chm ng thng
i qua im 1
Cc la chn ca lnh XLine
Hor :
to ng thng nm ngang. Sau la chn ny ta

ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im) mt im m ng
thng i qua
To ng thng theo phng thng ng. Sau la
Ver :
chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im) mt
im m ng thng i qua
To ng thng xin theo mt gc no . Sau
Ang :
la chn ny AutoCAD yu cu ta nhp vo
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: nhp gc nghing
chn mt im thuc ng thng
to ng thng i qua phn gic ca mt gc
Bisect :
(thng qua 3 im), la chn ny AutoCAD yu
cu ta nhp vo 03 im. im (1) thuc v tm ca
gc, im (2) v (3) thuc v hai cnh ca gc.
Command: XLine
Command
Thao tc
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O => Enter
Specify offset distance or [Through]
nhp khong cch hoc t => Enter
<Through>:
chn i tng gc
Select a line object:
http://cadvn.com/
chn mt im xc nh v tr ng thng s pht

sinh
15.Lnh v mt na ng thng RAY

Lnh ny thc hin hon ton tng t nh lnh XLine nhng thay v v c ng thng lnh
Ray s ch v na ng thng xut pht t im nh ngha u tin
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Ray/
Ray
Command: Ray => Enter
Command
Specify start point:
16. Lnh v hnh vnh khn DONUT
Ribbon
Draw/Donut/
Thao tc
chn im u tin (im xut pht)
chn im th hai (im nh hng cho na ng
thng)
chn im khc (im nh hng cho na ng
thng mi i qua im (1)
Enter kt thc lnh
Nhp lnh
Donut hoc DO
Command line: Donut => Enter

Command
Tool bar
Thao tc
Gi tr ng knh trong
Specify inside diameter of donut <current>:
Gi tr ng knh ngoi
Specify outside diameter of donut <current>:
To tm
Specify center of doughnut:
Hnh vnh khuyn s c t mu bn trong nu gi tr ca lnh Fill l ON v ngc li khi Fill
l OFF.
17.Lnh v cc on thng c dy TRACE
Command line: Trace => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Nhp khong cch, hoc vo gi tr, hoc Enter
Specify trace width <0.2000>:
Tr im (1)
Tr im (2)
Specify next point:
Specify next point:
Tr im (3) hoc kt thc lnh
on thng c t khi lnh Fill c gi tr ON
18.Lnh v min c t c SOLID
Mi 2D Solid c m t bi 3 hoc 4 cnh. Vi cc hnh 3 cnh th cch nhp tng i n
gin ch vic bm chn 3 im lin tip khng thng hng ta s c mt ming tam gic t c. Ring vi
hnh Solid 4 cnh khi khai bo im phi ch th t im nhp vo. Nu im (1) - (2) l m t cnh th
nht th (3) - (4) l m t cnh i din nhng phi c cng hng vi (1) - (2)
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Command line: Solid

Command
Thao tc
Bm chn im (1)
SOLID Specify first point:
Bm chn im (2)
Specify second point:
Bm chn im (3)
Specify third point:
Specify fourth point or <exit>:
Bm chn im (4) hoc kt thc
19. Lnh to mt min t cc hnh ghp (REGION)
Lnh ny dng chuyn i mt i tng (dng hnh kn) hoc mt nhm i tng thnh mt
i tng duy nht - gi l mt min (Region). Mi min c th c to ra t mt s i tng
n gin. Tuy nhin nu to mt Region t cc cc ng (Line, Arc...) th cc i tng ny phi
to thnh mt vng kn.
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Region/
Region hoc REG
Sau lnh Region c bn hnh dng th hin ca cc i tng trn bn v l khng thay i,
tuy nhin tnh cht i tng ho thay i. V d mt hnh t gic ng kn c to bi lnh
Line s gm 04 i tng Line, sau khi c Region s tr thnh 01 i tng duy nht. Mt vng
trn v bng lnh Circle nu cha Region th c th d dng thay i bn knh thng qua cc tay cm,
nu Region th s tr thnh 01 min trn.
Command line: Region => Enter
Sau AutoCAD s yu cu chn i tng cn Region (Select objects:). Khi chn xong
bm Hy bm kt thc lnh.
VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn.
1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)

Dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng ta ch
cn nhn phm ENTER th lnh c thc hin
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Erase/
Erase hoc E
Command : E => Enter
.
Select object - Chn i tng cn xo
.
Select object - Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc ENTER thc hin xo
2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops
phc hi cc i tng c xo bng lnh Erase trc ta s dng lnh Oops. Tuy nhin lnh
lnh ny ch phc hi cc i tng b xo trong mt lnh Erase trc
Command : Oops Vo lnh sau ENTER
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3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)
Menu Bar
Edit/Undo/
Nhp lnh
Undo hoc U hoc Ctrl+Z
Tool bar
Lnh Undo hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc .

Command : U Vo lnh sau ENTER
4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo
S dng lnh Redo sau cc lnh Undo phc hi cc lnh va hu trc
Menu Bar
Nhp lnh
Edit/Redo/
Redo hoc Ctrl+Y
Command : REDO => Enter Vo lnh sau ENTER
5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)
Menu Bar
View/Redraw
Tool bar
Nhp lnh
Redraw hoc R
Lnh Redraw lm mi cc i tng trong khung nhn hin hnh. Lnh ny dng xo cc
du "+" ( gi l cc BLIPMODE) trn Viewport hin hnh
Command : R Vo lnh sau ENTER
Lnh Redrawall lm mi li cc i tng trong tt c khung nhn bn v hin hnh
Command : Redrawall Vo lnh sau ENTER
6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)
Lnh Regen s dng tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn khung nhn hinh hnh. Tng
t l Regenall tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn c bn v
Menu Bar
Nhp lnh
View/Regen
Regen hoc Regenall
VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh

1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)
Lnh Offset dng to cc i tng song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i tng
c chn. i tng c chn c th l Line, Circle, Arc, Pline ......
Ribbon
Modify/Offset/
Nhp lnh
Offset hoc O
Command : O => Enter

Command
Specify offset distance or [Through Erase Layer]
<Through> :
Select object to offset or [exit Undo]<Exit>:
Specify point on side to offset or [ Exit Multiple
Undo] <Exit>:
Tool bar
Thao tc
Nhp khong cch gia hai i tng //
Chn i tng cn to //
Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn phm
ENTER kt thc lnh
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Command : O
Vo lnh sau ENTER

Command
Thao tc
Specify offset distance or [Through Erase Layer]
Nu ta nhp l T
<Through> :
Select object to offset or [exit Undo]<Exit>:
Chn i tng cn to //
Specify point on side to offset or [ Exit Multiple
Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn phm
Undo] <Exit>:
ENTER kt thc lnh
2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)
Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i tng c gii hn bi mt i tng giao hoc
on gia ca i tng c gii hn bi hai i tng giao.
Ribbon
Modify/Trim/
Nhp lnh
Trim hoc Tr
Command : TR => Enter

Command
Select objects or <select all>:
Trim Select objects:
Trim [fence Crosing Project Edge eRase
Undo]:
Tool bar
Thao tc
Chn ng chn
Enter
chn i tng cn xn => Enter
Command : TR => Enter =>Enter

Command
Thao tc
chn i tng cn xn
Trim [fence Crosing Project Edge eRase
Undo]:
Enter
Trim
[fence/Crosing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
3. Lnh ko di mt ng thng Extend
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Extend/
Extend hoc EX
Lnh Extend dng bn di ng thng ti ng chn trc (Bia) n.
Command : Ex => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Extend select object or <select all>
Click chn bia chn (i tng trc ng cn
bn)
Enter
Extend select object:
Chn ng thng mun bn ko di
Extend [fence Crosing Project Edge eRase
Undo]:
Enter kt thc
Extend [fence Crosing Project Edge eRase
Undo]:
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4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)
Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca i tng Arc, Line, Circle, ....on c xn
gii hn bi hai im ma ta chn. Nu ta xn mt phn ca ng trn th on c xn nm ngc
chiu kim ng h v bt u t im chn th nht.
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Break/
Break hoc Br
C 4 phng php khi thc hin lnh Break
a. Chn hai im.
Command
Break select object:
Thao tc
Break Specify second break poit or [First poit]:
Chn i tng m ta mun xn v im trn

i tng ny l im u tin ca on cn xn
Chn im cui ca on cn xn
b. Chn i tng v hai im.

Command : BR => Enter
Chn i tng m ta mun xn
Ta chn F
Break Specify first break point:
Chn im u tin on cn xn
Break Specify second break point:
Chn im cui on cn xn
c. Chn mt im.
Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp.
im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc
hin lnh Break
Command
Thao tc
Chn i tng m ta mun xn ti im cn tch

i tng
Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm
ENTER
d. Chn i tng v mt im.

Phng php ny tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp ti v tr xc nh. Phng
php ny c chc nng tng t phng php c
Command
Thao tc
Chn i tng tch thnh 2 i tng
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Break Specify first break point:
Ti dng nhc ny ta chn F=> Enter

Chn im cn tch bng cc phng thc truy bt
im v im ny l im cn tch hai i tng
Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm
Break Specify second break point
ENTER
5. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)
Dng thay i chiu di ( ko di hay lm ngn li ) cc i tng l on thng hay
cung trn.
Ribbon
Modify/Lengthen/
Nhp lnh
Lengthen hoc LEN
Command : LEN => Enter

Command
Tool bar
Thao tc
LENGTHEN Select an objects to measure or

[DElta/ Percent/ Total / DYnamic] <Total>:
*.Nu ta g tham s DE
LENGTHEN Enter delta length or [Angle]: <0.00>

LENGTHEN Select an object to change or [Undo]
Nu ta g tham s P
LENGTHEN Enter percentage length <100.000>:
Nu ta g tham s T
LENGTHEN Specify total length or [Angle]
Nu ta g tham s DY
Ti dng nhc ny ta chn i tng th Cad s hin

th chiu di ca i tng c chn
Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch nhp vo
khong tng. Gi tr khong tng m th lm gim
kch thc gi tr khong tng dng lm tng kch
thc
Nhp khong cch tng
Chn i tng cn thay i kch Thc ( c th
chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn ENTER)
Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi
tng chiu di i tng c chn.
Nhp t l phn trm
Chn i tng cn thay i kch Thc ( c th
chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn ENTER)
Thay i tng chiu di ca mt i Tng theo gi
tr mi nhp vo
Nhp gi tr mi vo
Chn i tng cn thay i
Dng thay i tng chiu di
i tng
6. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)

Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer : u tin ta thc hin vic nhp khong cch vt mp sau
chn ng thng cn vt mp.
Ribbon
Modify/Chamfer/
Nhp lnh
Chamfer hoc CHA
Command : CHA =>Enter
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Tool bar
Command
Thao tc
CHAMFER Select first line or [Polyline /

Distance / Angle /Trim / Method / Ultiple]:
Chn tham s D:(Distance)
First chamfer distance <0.0000>
Specify second chamfer distance <20.0000>
Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle
/Trim /Method/mUltiple]:
Select second line:
Chn tham s P (Polyline)
Chn tham s A (Angle)
Chamfer length on the first line <0.0000>:

Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>
Chn cc tham s t ch vt mp.

Dng nhp 2 khong cch cn vt mp
Nhp khong cch th nht
Nhp khong cch th hai
Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp
Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp
Sau khi ta nhp khong cch th ta chn tham s P
vt mp 4 cnh ca Polyline
Cho php nhp khong cch th nht v gc ca
ng vt mphp vi ng th nht
Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ng th nht
Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hp vi ng th
nht
Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle

/Trim /Method /mUltiple]:
Select second line:
Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc b vt mp
Chn tham s T (Trim)
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<Trim> Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct hoc khng ct
b gc b vt
Select first line or [Polyline/ Distance/
Angle/Trim/ Method/mUltiple]
Select second line:
Khi chn tham s ny th dng nhc chn i tng
Chn tham s U (mUltiple)
s xut hin l mi khi kt thc chn cp i tng
l ng thng.
7. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)
Fillet Dng to gc ln hoc bo trn hai i tng. Trong khi thc hin lnh Fillet ta phi
nhp bn knh R sau mi chn hai i tng cn Fillet
Ribbon
Modify/Fillet/
Nhp lnh
Fillet hoc F
Command : F => Enter

Command
Select first object or [Polyline / Radius /Trim
/mUltiple]:
Tool bar
Thao tc
Chn cc tham s t ch vut gc
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Chn tham s R (Radius)
Specify fillet radius <0.0000>:
Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim/
mUltiple]:
Select second object:
Chn tham s P (Polyline)
Chn tham s T (Trim)
Enter Trim mode option >:[Trim/No trim]<No
trim
Select first object or [Polyline: /Radius /Trim
/mUltiple]:
Select second object:
Chn tham s U (mUltiple):
8. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit

Ribbon
Modify/Pedit/
Dng nhp bn knh cn vut gc

Nhp bn knh
Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc
Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc
Sau khi ta nhp bn knh th ta chn tham s P
vut gc cho tt c cc gc ca Polyline
Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc c vut
Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct hoc khng ct
b gc c bo trn
Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc
Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc
Nu ta nhp mt la chn khc trn dng nhc chnh
trong kho ang chn tham s ny th dng nhc vi
la chn c hin th sau dng nhc chnh
oc hin th.
Nhp lnh
Pedit
Command : PEDIT => Enter

Command
Select polyline or [Multiple]
Objects selected is not a polyline:

Do you want it turn into one?
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit

vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
*Close (Open)
*Join
Tool bar
Thao tc
-La chn Multiple cho php ta chn nhiu i
tng trn dng nhc "Select polyline:"
-Nu i tng l on thng hoc cung trn khng
phi l a tuyn th dng nhc sau xut hin
(i tng ta chn khng phi l a tuyn
(Bn c mun chuyn i tng chn
thnh a tuyn khng?Nhn ENTER chuyn
thnh a tuyn)
Sau xut hin dng nhc hiu chnh a tuyn
Nu i tng chn l a tuyn th s xut hin
dng nhc hiu chnh ton b a tuyn.
(Chn la chn hoc ENTER kt thc lnh) hoc
chn cc tham s cn dng
ng a tuyn ang m (hoc m a tuyn ng)
Nhp C ng (nhp O m)
Nhp tham s J : Ni cc on thng,
cung trn hoc a tuyn khc vi a tuyn
c chn thnh 1 a tuyn chung (ch ni c
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trong trng hp cc nh ca chng trng
nhau) i tng a tuyn chung c cc tnh
cht ca a tuyn c chn.
Select objects
Select objects
Chn cc i tng cn ni
Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt thc vic
la chn
segments added to polyline
Thng bo i tng c ni vi
nhau
nh chiu rng mi cho a tuyn, khi nhp W s
xut hin dng nhc
Nhp chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn
Chuyn a tuyn thnh mt ng cong l tp
hp cc cung trn, cc cung trn ny tip xc
nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn
Chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong
i qua im u ca a tuyn (nu ng cong h).
ng cong ny khc vi cc ng cong
to bi la chn Fit v khc ng spline to bi
lnh Spline.
Khi bin SPLINETYPE = 5 th ng cong c
dng B-spline bc hai v tip xc im gia ca
cc phn on, khi bin SPLINETYPE = 6 th
ng cong c dng B-spline bc ba.
- lm xut hin cc ng khung bao ca a
tuyn ta nh bin SPLFRAME l ON. Ta c th
gn gi tr bin SPLINETYPE bng cch chn
la chn Polyvars trn screen menu ca lnh
Pedit.
-Khi s xut hin hp thoi Set Spline
Fit Variables Bin SPLINESEGS qui nh s
cc phn on ca mi on spline.
* Width
Specify new width for all segments
Fit
Spline
Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca a

tuyn thnh cc phn on thng
Khi dng ng khng phi l ng lin tc
Ltype gen
nu Ltype gen l ON th cc ng nt ca a
tuyn khng lin quan n cc nh ca a tuyn.
Khi Ltype gen l OFF th ng nt c th hin
theo cc phn on
Hu 1 la chn va thc hin
Undo
Kt thc lnh Pedit
eXit
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Decurve
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Draw/Xline/
Xline
Lnh ny thng c s dng v cc ng ging, cc ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Trong php
v mt chiu cng c th s dng lnh ny tm im v, nu kt hp thm vi cc lnh Trim, Scale... c th
to thnh cc cnh ca hnh chiu
Command line: Xline => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: chn mt im bt u v (hoc chn H,V,A,B,O)
chn im th hai ca ng thng
chn im khc nu mun v chm ng thng
i qua im 1
Cc la chn ca lnh XLine
Hor :
to ng thng nm ngang. Sau la chn ny ta

ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im) mt im m ng
thng i qua
To ng thng theo phng thng ng. Sau la
Ver :
chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im) mt
im m ng thng i qua
To ng thng xin theo mt gc no . Sau
Ang :
la chn ny AutoCAD yu cu ta nhp vo
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: nhp gc nghing
chn mt im thuc ng thng
to ng thng i qua phn gic ca mt gc
Bisect :
(thng qua 3 im), la chn ny AutoCAD yu
cu ta nhp vo 03 im. im (1) thuc v tm ca
gc, im (2) v (3) thuc v hai cnh ca gc.
Command: XLine
Command
Thao tc
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
Specify offset distance or [Through]
<Through>:
Select a line object:
O => Enter
nhp khong cch hoc t => Enter
chn i tng gc
chn mt im xc nh v tr ng thng s pht
sinh
10.Lnh v mt na ng thng RAY

Lnh ny thc hin hon ton tng t nh lnh XLine nhng thay v v c ng thng lnh
Ray s ch v na ng thng xut pht t im nh ngha u tin
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Draw/Ray/
Ray
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Command: Ray => Enter
Command
Thao tc
chn im u tin (im xut pht)
chn im th hai (im nh hng cho na ng
thng)
chn im khc (im nh hng cho na ng
thng mi i qua im (1)
Enter kt thc lnh

11.Lnh Cng cc vng Region UNION
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Union/
UNION hoc Uni
Command line: Union => Enter
Modify/ Solids editings - Union...
Lnh ny cho php hp nht cc vng Region ( nh ngha) nu cc vng c giao nhau th
phn nt nm trong vng giao nhau s c loi b.
a) Trc khi Union

b) Sau khi Union
thc hin c hnh v hoa vn nh th hin trn hnh trn y. Th t cc bc thc hin nh
sau:
*V cc hnh ch nht, trn v elip bng cc lnh v thng thng;
*Gi lnh Region to ra 5 i tng Region
*Gi lnh Union - nh du ton b 5 i tng Region to c hnh hoa vn
12.Lnh Tr cc vng Region (SUBTRACT )
Lnh ny loi b phn giao nhao ca cc min Region. Min (region) c chn trc c
hiu l min c s (min s cn li mt phn sau lnh Subtract), cc min chn sau c hiu l cc
min iu kin loi b.
a) Trc khi Subtract
b) Sau khi Subtract chn

hnh ch nht trc
Command: subtract => Enter
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C) Sau khi Subtract chn cc

hnh trn, elip trc
Command
Thao tc
Select solids and regions to subtract from ..

chn min c s
Select objects:
Select objects:
Enter kt thc
Select solids and regions to subtract ..
chn min iu kin
Select objects:
Select objects:
Enter kt thc
13.Lnh Ly giao ca cc vng INTERSECT
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/INTERSECT/
INTERSECT hoc INTER
Cch thc hin lnh ny tng t nh vi lnh Subtract nhng kt qu th ch nhng vng giao
nhau ca cc Region mi c gi l
19.Lnh to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn (BOUNDARY)
Lnh Boundary to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn. Cc i
tng gc khng b mt i.
Command line: Boundary T Draw / Boundary
Thy xut hin hp thoi hnh sau
Chn
ri bm vo mt im bn trong vng ng kn (hnh). Kt thc lnh
ny mt i tng Pline c to thnh, s dng lnh MOVE ri di PLine ra bn cnh ta
c th hin nh hnh sau.
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Minh ho s dng lnh Boundary
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh

1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)
Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu i tng t v tr hin ti n 1 v tr
bt k trn hnh v. Ta c th v mt phn ca hnh v ti v tr bt k, sau s dng Lnh di di
i tng Move (M)
Ribbon
Modify/Move/
Nhp lnh
Move hoc M
Command : Move => Enter

Select objects
Select objects
Specify base point or displacement
Specify second point of displacement or <use

first point as displacement>
Tool bar
Chn cc i tng cn di
Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER
kt thc vic la chn
Chn im chun hay nhp khong di: c
th dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng
thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tng i, cc
tng i...
im m cc i tng di n, c th s dng
phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng thc
truy bt im, to tuyt i, tung i, to
cc tng i, direct distance,polar tracking..
Ch
(1) im Base point v Second point of displacement c th chn bt k.
(2) Nu mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc th ti Base point v Second point of displacement ta
dng cc phng thc truy bt im.
(3) im Base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Second point of displacement dng to
tng i, cc tng i, direct distance hoc polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y, khi
ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm ENTER.
2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Copy
Copy hoc Co
Command : Copy => Enter
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Command
Thao tc
Select objects:
Select objects
Specify base point or displacement,
or[Multiple]:
Multiple
Select objects:
Select objects
<Base point or displacement>/Multiple:
Base point
Chn cc i tng cn sao chp

Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hay
ENTER kt thc vic la chn
Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi cc phng
thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong di.
Chn v tr ca cc i tng sao chp, c th dng
phm chn kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt
im hoc nhp to tuyt i,tng
i, cc tng i, direct distance, polar
tracking...
Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la
chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t nhm
cc i tng c chn.
Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hay
ENTER kt thc
M => Enter
Chn im chun
Chn im sao chp n
Chn tip im sao chp n hoc ENTER kt thc
lnh
Ch
(1) C th chn Base point v Second point l cc im bt k.
(2) Chn cc im Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy bt im.
(3) Ti dng nhc " Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>" ta c
th nhp to tng i, cc tng i, c th s dng Direct distance v Polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di.
3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)
Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh 1 im chun (base point) gi l
tm quay. y l 1 trong nhng lnh chnh hnh quan trng.
Ribbon
Modify/Rotate
Nhp lnh
Rotate hoc Ro
Tool bar
Command : Rotate => Enter

Command
Thao tc
Select objects:
Chn i tng cn quay
Select objects
Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc vic
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la chn.
Select base point
Chn tm quay
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]
Chn gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gc tham chiu

Reference. Nu nhp R ti dng nhc cui s
lm xut hin
Specify the reference angle <0>
Gc tham chiu
Specify the new angle <>
Gi tr gc mi
4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)

Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo 1 t l
nht nh (php bin i t l)
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Scale
Scale hoc Sc
Command : Sc => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Select objects
Chn i tng cn thay i t l.
Select objects
Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc vic la

chn
Specify base point
Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i

t l
Specify scale factor or [Reference]
Nhp h s t l hay nhp R
Reference
Nu nhp R s xut hin dng nhc:
Specify reference length <1>

Specify new length <>
Nhp chiu di tham chiu, c th truy bt 2

im A v B nh chiu di
Nhp chiu di mi hoc bt im C
5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)

Lnh Mirror dng to cc i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua 1
trc, trc ny c gi l trc i xng (mirror line). Ni mt cch khc, lnh Mirror l php quay
cc
i tng c chn trong 1 khng gian chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 1800
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
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Tool bar
Modify/Mirror
Mirror hoc Mi
Command : Mi => Enter

Command
Thao tc
Select objects
Select objects
Specify first point of mirror line
Specify second point of mirror line
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>
Chn cc i tng thc hin php i xng.

ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
Chn im th nht P1 ca trc i xng
Chn im th hai P2 ca trc i xng
Xo i tng c chn hay khng? Nhp N
nu khng mun xo i tng chn, nhp Y
nu mun xo i tng chn. Nu mun hnh
i xng ca cc dng ch khng b ngc th
trc khi thc hin lnh Mirror ta gn bin
MIRRTEXT = 0 (gi tr mc nh MIRRTEXT
= 1)
6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)

Lnh Stretch dng di v ko gin cc i tng. Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc
i tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra hoc ngn li),
cc i tng l cung trn khi ko gin s thay i bn knh. ng trn khng th ko gin m
ch c th di i.
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Stretch
Stretch hoc S
Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng phng thc chn la Crossing
Window hoc Crossing polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s s c ko gin
(hoc co li), nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s s c di i. i vi ng trn nu c
tm nm trong khung ca s chn s c di i.
Command : S => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or
crossing-polygon...
Select objects
Chn cc i tng ch theo phng php

Crossing window
Select objects
Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn
Specify base point or displacement
Chn im chun hay khong di, Tng t lnh

Move
Specify second point of displacement or first

point as displacement>
im di n, nu nhp khong di th <use

ENTER.
Tu vo cc i tng c chn c cc trng hp sau:
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(1) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gan ra hoc co li, na ng trn
c di i.
(2) Cung trn c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li. (3) on ng c di, hai on nm
ngang c ko gin.
7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy theo hng v ct
(Rectangular array, sao chp tnh tin (copy) hay sp xp chung quanh tm (Polar array, sao chp
(copy) v quay (rotate). Cc dy ny c sp xp cch u nhau. Khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp
thoi Array
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Array
Array hoc Ar
Nu ta nhp lnh -Array th cc dng nhc s xut hin nh cc phin bn trc . Dng
sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng (rows) v s ct (columns) nht nh hoc
to cc dy sp xp chung quanh mt tm ca ng trn . Nu ta s dng lnh -Array s xut hin
cc dng nhc:
Command
Thao tc
Select objects
Select objects
Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn.
Enter the type of array

Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp R sao chp cc i
[Rectangular/Path/Polar] <polar>:
tng theo hng hoc ct S cc hng
Cc bn c th nhp trc tip s hng, s ct v khong cch ca chng ti ca s ribbon nh
hnh di.
Ch : Chng ta c th nhp vo g tr m.
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]
Ti dng nhc ny ta chn P sao chp chung

quanh mt tm.
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Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>:
C quay cc i tng khi sao chp

khng
IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu

Trong cc bn v AutoCad cc i tng c cng chc nng thng c nhm thnh
mt lp (layer). V d lp cc ng nt chnh, lp cc ng tm, lp k hiu mt ct, lp lu cc
kch thc, lp lu vn bn.....
Mi lp c th gn cc tnh cht nh: Mu (color) dng ng (linetype), chiu rng nt v (Line
weight). Ta c th hiu chnh trng thi ca lp nh m (on), tt (off), kh (lock) m kho (unlock),
ng bng (freeze) v tan bng (thaw). Cc i tng v trn lp c th xut hin hoc khng xut hin
trn mn hnh hoc trn giy v.
1. To lp mi Lnh Layer
Ribbon
Modify/Layer
Nhp lnh
Layer hoc La
Tool bar
Khi thc hin lnh Layer s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
Khi ta to bn v mi th trn bn v ny ch c mt lp l lp 0. Cc tnh cht c gn
cho lp 0 l : Mu White (trng), dng ng Continuous (lin tc), chiu rng nt v l
0,025mm (bn v h mt) v kiu in l Normal. Lp 0 ta khng th no xo hoc i tn
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-Gn v thay i mu cho lp :

Nu click vo nt vung nh chn mu s xut hin hp thoi Select Corlor (hnh sau) v
theo hp thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho lp sau nhn nt OK chp nhn
Gn dng ng cho lp:

Chn lp cn thay i hoc gn dng ng. Nhn vo tn dng ng ca lp ( ct Linetype) khi s
xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype (hnh sau) sau chn dng ng mong mun sau nhn nt OK
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u tin trn bn v ch c mt dng ng duy nht l CONTINUOUS s dng cc dng

ng khc trong bn v ta nhn vo nt LOAD... trn hp thoi Select Linetype. Khi xut hin
hp thoi Load or Reload Linetype sau ta chn cc dng ng cn dng v nhn nt OK. Sau
dng ng va chn s c ti vo hp thoi Select Linetype
Gn chiu rng nt v
Gn chiu rng nt cho tng lp theo trnh t
sau. Trong hp thoi to lp ta nhn vo ct
LineWeight ca lp s xut hin hp thoi
LineWeight (hnh sau) . Sau ta chn rng
nt cn gn cho lp cui cng nhn OK
Gn lp hin hnh:
Ta chn lp v nhn nt Current. Lc ny bn phi dng Current Layer ca hp thoi Layer
Properties Manager s xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Nu mt lp l hin hnh th cc i
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tng mi c to trn lp ny s c cc tnh cht ca lp ny
-Thay i trng thi ca lp:
Tt m (ON/OFF) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp c tt th cc
i tng s khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu
nh ti dng nhc "Select objects" ca cc lnh hiu chnh ta dng la chn All chn i
tng.
ng bng v lm tan bng (FREEZE/THAW) :
Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng
bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh cc i tng ny ( Khng th
chn cc i tng trn lp b ng bng k c la chn All). Trong qu trnh ti hin
bn v bng lnh Regen, Zoom....cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng tnh n v gip cho
qu trnh ti hin c nhanh hn. Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng.
Kho lp (LOCK/UNLOCK):
Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK i tng ca lp b kho s khng hiu
chnh c ( khng th chn ti dng nhc "Select objects" ) tuy nhin ta vn thy trn mn hnh v
c th in chng ra c.
-Xo lp (DELETE)
Ta c th d dng xo lp a to ra bng cch chn lp v nhn vo nt Delete. Tuy
nhin trong mt s trng hp lp c chn khng xo c m s c thng bo khng
xo c nh lp
0 hoc cc lp bn v tham kho ngoi v lp cha cc i tng bn v hin
hnh.
- Ngoi ra ta c th thc hin cc lnh lin quan n tnh cht v trng thi ca lp bng thanh
cng c Objects Properties c mc nh trong vng ho
2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype
Dng ng, mu v chiu rng nt v c th gn cho lp hoc cho cc i tng. Thng thng khi bt
u bn v trn hp thoi ch c mt dng ng duy nht l Continuous. nhp dng ng ta s
dng lnh Linetype hoc vo menu Format\ LineType... xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager v
chn nt Load nh trong khi to lp ta gn dng ng cho mt lp no
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Linetype hoc Lt
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3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale

- Cc dng ng khng lin tc: HIDDEN, DASHDOT, CENTER... thng thng c cc
khong trng gia cc on gch lin. Lnh Ltscale dng nh t l cho dng ng, ngha l
nh chiu di khong trng v on gch lin. Nu t l ny nh th khong trng qu nh v cc
ng nt c v ging nh ng lin tc. T l ny qu ln th chiu di on gch lin qu ln,
nhiu lc vt qu chiu di ca i tng c v, do ta cng thy xut hin ng lin tc.
Nhp lnh
Linetype hoc Lt
Command: Lts => Enter
Command
Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>:
Tool bar
Thao tc
Nhp mt gi tr dng bt k
Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr Ltscale c nh ti son tho Global Scale

Factor (khi chn nt Details>)
4. Bin CELTSCALE
CELTSCALE dng gn t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. Bin ny lin quan ti ga tr t l
nh bng lnh Ltscale. V d nu on thng c v vi bin CELTSCALE = 2 vi t l gn
bng lnh Ltscale l 0.5 th s xut hin trn bn v ging nh on thng to bi bin
CELTSCALE = 1 trong bn v vi gi tr Ltscale = 1
Command: CELTSCALE => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>:

Nhp mt gi tr dng bt k
Nn cn phn bit rng khi thay i gi tr Ltscale s nh hng ti ton b cc i tng
trn bn v. Nhng khi thay i gi tr ca bin CELTSCALE ch nh hng ti trc tip cc i
tng sp v
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-Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr bin CELTSCALE c nh ti bi son tho
Current Objects Scale (khi chn nt Details>)
X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu

1. Trnh t v mt ct
.
To hnh ct mt ct
.
T menu Draw/ Hatch...., hoc thc hin lnh Bhatch hoc
.
Trn hp thoi ta chn trang Hatch
.
Chn kiu mt ct trong khung Type
.
Chn tn mu t ti mc Pattern
.
Chn t l ti khung Scale v nghing ti mc Angle
.
Chn nt pick Point ch nh mt im nm trong vng ct ( vng ct phi kn)
.
Nu mun xem trc mt ct th chn Preview.
Kt thc ta nhn nt OK
.
2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Modify/Hatch
Hatch hoc H
Command: H => Enter
Trong autocad 2015 cho ta 2 ty chn chnh sa Hatch.
+. Chng ta c th chn nhanh ngay trn thanh ribbon theo hnh di y.
+. Hoc ti dng nhc:

Command
HATCH pick internal point or [Select objects
Undo seTtings]:
Thao tc
Ta chn T m hp thoi Hatch nh hnh
di y
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Trang Gradient
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One Color:
Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trong gia bng v mu nn sng ca mt mu. Khi
One Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse v thanh trt Shade and Tint
(bin GFCLRSTATE)
Two Color:
Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trn gia bng v mu nn sng ca hai mu. Khi
Two Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse cho mu 1 v mu 2 (bin
GFCLRSTATE)
Centered :
Xc nh cu hnh gradient i xng. Nu thnh phn ny khng c chn, vng ph
gradient thay i v pha tri, to ngun sng o pha tri ca i tng (bin GFSHIFT)
Angle:
Xc nh gc ca vng t gradient. Gc xc nh quan h vi UCS hin hnh. La chn ny ph
thuc vo gc ca mu mt ct (bin GFANG)
3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit
Cho php ta hiu chnh mt ct lin kt. Ta c th nhp lnh hoc nhp p chut ti i tng
cn thay i sau s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit cho ta hiu chnh.
Tng t nh hp thoi Hacth Gradient ta chn cc thng s cn thay i sau nhn nt
OK hon tt cng vic.
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XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn
nhp v hiu chnh vn bn ta tin hnh theo ba bc sau
-To cc kiu ch cho bn v bng lnh
Style
- Nhp dng ch bng lnh Text hoc on vn bn bng lnh
Mtext
-Hiu chnh ni dung bng lnh Ddedit ( hoch nhp p
chut)
- Sau khi to cc kiu ch (text Style) ta tin hnh nhp cc dng ch. Lnh Text dng
nhp cc dng ch trn bn v, lnh Mtext cho php ta nhp on vn bn trn bn v

c lm trong khung hnh ch nht nh trc. Dng ch trong bn v l mt i tng
nh Line,
Circle... Do ta c th dng cc lnh sao chp v bin i hnh i vi dng ch. V dng
ch trong bn v l mt i tng ho vy trong mt bn v c nhiu dng ch s
lm chm i qu trnh th hin bn v cng nh khi in bn v ra giy.
2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle
Ribbon
Modify/Text Style
Nhp lnh
Style
Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi sau.
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Tool bar
Ta c th xem kiu ch va to ti Preview. C th thay i tn v xo kiu ch bng cc nt
Rename v Delete. Sau khi to mt kiu ch ta nhp nt Apply to kiu ch khc hoc mun kt thc
lnh ta nhp nt Close. Kiu ch c th c ng nhiu ni khc nhau.
3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text
Ribbon
Annotation/Single Line
Nhp lnh
DText hoc Text
Tool bar
Lnh text cho php ta nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v. Trong mt lnh Text ta c th
nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh khi ta
nhp t bn phm.
Command: Text => Enter
Command
Thao tc
Current text style: "Viet" Text height:
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]
Style name (or ?):
Specify height <10.000>
Specify Rotation Angle of Text<0>
Enter Text:
Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao

Chn im cn l tri dng ch hoc nhp tham s S
nhp kiu ch ta va to trn.
( sau khi nhp S ta nhp tn kiu ch ti
dng nhc ny)
Nhp chiu cao ch
Nhp nghing ca ch
Nhp dng ch hoc Enter kt thc lnh
4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.

Tu vo gi tr ca bin TEXTFILL cc ch c c t hay l ch xut hin cc ng vin. Nu bin
TEXTFILL l ON (1) th ch c t v ngc li.
Nhp lnh
Textfill
Command: TextFill => Enter
Enter new value for TEXTFILL <1>: Nhp gi tr mi cho bit l 0 hoc l 1
4. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)
Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh ch
nht. on vn bn l mt i tng ca AUTOCAD
Ribbon
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
Annotation/Multiline Text
MText hoc MT
Command: MT=> Enter
Command
Thao tc
im gc th nht on vn bn
Specify first corner:
im gc i din on vn bn
Specify opposite corner or.......
Sau xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting. Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn nh cc phn mm vn
bn khc.
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Ta c th nhp dng ch trc sau bi en v thay i cc thuc tnh ca dng ch nh

FONT ch v c ch, ch m, nghing, ch gch chn, mu ch.......
6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)
Lnh DDedit cho php ta thay i ni dung dng ch v cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Ta c th
gi lnh hoc nhp o chut vo dng ch cn hiu chnh
Nu dng ch chn c to bi lnh Tetx s xut hin hp thoi Edit Text cho php hiu chnh ni
dung dng ch.
Nu i tng chn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting sau
ta thay i cc thng s cn thit v nhn nt OK.
7. Lnh QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn
Vic th hin vn bn trn mn hnh thng chim nhiu thi gian v mi mt k t l mt
i tng v phc tp c to thnh t nhiu ng thng hoc cung trn. tit kim thi gian,
trong trng hp khng cn phi c cc ch gii th hin trn bn v bn c th dng lnh QTEXT.
Do lnh ny cho php cc ch gii th hin trn bn v c th hin nhanh di dng khung hnh ch
nht m chiu di hnh ch nht l chiu di ca dng ch v chiu rng ca n l chiu cao ca ch, nn
thi gian ti hin rt nhanh. Cch thc hin nh sau:
Command line: qtext
ON / OFF <current>: Chn ON hoc OFF
Nu bn mun th hin cc ch gii di dng khung ch nht tit kim thi gian ti sinh do s dng
lnh REGEN th bn nh ch On. Ngc li, nu bn mun c cc ch gii th bn tt cng tc trn
bng ch OFF. Hnh bn l cc th hin ca hai ch ON v OFF ca lnh QTEXT
QTEXT OFF
QTEXT ON
XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc
1. Cc thnh phn kch thc

Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:
Dimension line (ng kch thc) :
ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bi hai mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt
k). Nu l kch thc thng th n vung gc vi cc ng ging, nu l kch thc gc th n l mt
cung trn c tm nh gc. Trong trng hp ghi cc kch thc phn t i xng th ng kch
thc c k qu trc i xng v khng v mi tn th hai. Khi tm cung trn ngoi gii hn
cn v th ng kch thc ca bn knh c v gy khc hoc ngt on v khng cn phi xc nh
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tm.
Extension line (ng ging):
Thng thng ng ging l cc ng thng vung gc vi ng kch thc. Tuy nhin,
bn c th hiu chnh n thnh xin gc vi ng kch thc. ng ging c ko di qu ng
kch thc 1 on bng 2 n 3 ln chiu rng ng c bn. Hai ng ging ca cng mt kch
thc phi song song nhau.
Dimension text (Ch s kch thc):
Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc. Trong ch s kch thc c
th ghi dung sai (tolerance), nhp tin t (prefix), hu t (suffix) ca kch thc. Chiu cao ch s
kch thc trong cc bn v k thut l cc gi tr tiu chun. Thng thng, ch s kch thc nm
trong, nu khng ch n s nm ngoi. n v kch thc di theo h Mt l mm, trn bn v
khng cn ghi n v o. Nu dng n v di khc nh centimt hoc mt th n v o c ghi ngay sau
ch s kch thc hoc trong phn ch thch bn v.
Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) :
K hiu hai u ca ng kch thc, thng thng l mi tn, du nghing, chem. hay mt
khi (block) bt k do ta to nn. Trong AutoCAD 2007 c sn 20 dng mi tn. Hai mi tn
c v pha trong gii hn ng kch thc. Nu khng ch chng c v pha ngoi. Cho php
thay th hai mi tn i nhau bng mt chm m.
i vi kch thc bn knh v ng knh th kch thc c 4 thnh phn: ng kch thc, mi
tn (gch cho), ch s kch thc v du tm (center mark) hoc ng tm (center line). Khi
ta xem ng trn hoc cung trn l cc ng ging.
2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style
S dng lnh ny to kiu kch thc mi, hiu chnh kch thc c sn. Trn cc hp thoi c cc
hnh nh minh ho khi thay i cc bin
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Tool bar
DimStyle, Ddim hoc D
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau:
a. To kiu kch thc mi :

to kiu kch thc mi ta chn nt New khi xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension
http://cadvn.com/
Style
- Sau khi t tn, la chn cc thng tin cn thit cho kiu ng kch thc ta chn Continue...
b. Trang Lines
Trong trang ny c 4 khung hnh ch nht v tng ng ta s nh cc bin lin quan nh sau:
c. Trang symbols and Arrows
http://cadvn.com/
e. Trang Text : Gip ta hiu chnh cc thng s cho ch s kch thc
f. Trang Fit : Kim tra v tr ch s kch thc, u m tn. ng dn v ng kch thc

-Fit Option: Kim tra v tr ca ch s kch thc v ng kch thc nm trong hoc ngoi cc
http://cadvn.com/
ng ging da trn khong cch gia cc ng ging. Khi cho th AutoCad t ch s kch
thc v mi tn nm gia cc ng ging. Nu khng ch th v tr ca ch s kch thc v
mi tn ph thuc vo cc la chn trong mc ny.
+ Either the text or Arrows (Best Fits): V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging
* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi
ng ging.
* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc hoc mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Arrows: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Text: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi
ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Both text and Arrows: Khi khng chc cho ch s khch thc v mi tn th c hai s
nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Always keep text between Ext Lines: Ch s kch thc lun nm trong hai ng ging.
+ Suppress Arrows if They Don't Fit Inside Extension lines: Khng xut hin m tn nu
khng ch. Vi iu kin l ch s kch thc phi nm trong hai ng ging.
-Text Placement : Gn ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng khi v tr mc nh
+ Beside the Dimension line: Sp xp ch s bn cnh ng kch thc
+ Over the Dimension Line, with a leader: C mt ng dn ni gia ch s kch thc v
ng kch thc.
+ Over the Dimension Line, Wihtout a leader: Khng c ng dn ni gia ch s kch
thc v ng kch thc..
-Scale for Dimension Features : Gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l trong khng
gian v
+ Use Overall Scale of: Gn t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch thc. T l ny khng
thay i gi tr s ca ch s kch thc.
+ Scale Dimension to Layout (Paper Space) : Xc nh h s t l da trn t l gia khung
nh hin hnh trong khng gian v v khng gian giy.
-Fine Tuning Option : Gn cc la chn FIT b xung
http://cadvn.com/
XIII. Bng lnh tt

1.
2.
3.
4.
3A - 3DARRAY Sao chp thnh dy trong 3D

3DO -3DORBIT Xoay i tng trong khng gian 3D
3F - 3DFACE To mt 3D
3P - 3DPOLY V ng PLine khng gian 3 chiu
A
5. A - ARC V cung trn
7. AA - AREA Tnh din tch v chu vi 1
8. AL - ALIGN Di chuyn, xoay, scale
10. AR - ARRAY Sao chp i tng thnh dy trong 2D
11. ATT - ATTDEF nh ngha thuc tnh
13. ATE - ATTEDIT Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca Block
B
14. B - BLOCK To Block
15. BO - BOUNDARY To a tuyn kn
16. BR - BREAK Xn 1 phn on thng gia 2 im chn
C
http://cadvn.com/
17.
18.
20.
22.
C - CIRCLE V ng trn
CH - PROPERTIES Hiu chnh tnh cht ca i tng
CHA - ChaMFER Vt mp cc cnh
CO, CP - COPY Sao chp i tng
D
23.
24.
25.
26.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
38.
40.
D - DIMSTYLE To kiu kch thc

DAL - DIMALIGNED Ghi kch thc xin
DAN - DIMANGULAR Ghi kch thc gc
DBA - DIMBASELINE Ghi kch thc song song
DCO - DIMCONTINUE Ghi kch thc ni tip
DDI - DIMDIAMETER Ghi kch thc ng knh
DED - DIMEDIT Chnh sa kch thc
DI - DIST o khong cch v gc gia 2 im
DIV - DIVIDE Chia i tng thnh cc phn bng nhau
DLI - DIMLINEAR Ghi kch thc thng ng hay nm ngang
DO - DONUT V hnh vnh khn
DOR - DIMORDINATE Ta im
DRA - DIMRADIU Ghi kch thc bn knh
DT - DTEXT Ghi vn bn
E
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
48.
E - ERASE Xo i tng
ED - DDEDIT Hiu chnh kch thc
EL - ELLIPSE V elip
EX - EXTEND Ko di i tng
EXIT - QUIT Thot khi chng trnh
EXT - EXTRUDE To khi t hnh 2D
F
49. F - FILLET To gc ln/ Bo trn gc
50. FI - FILTER Chn lc i tng theo thuc tnh
H
54.
55.
56.
57.
H - BHATCH V mt ct
H - HATCH V mt ct
HE - HATCHEDIT Hiu chnh mat cat
HI - HIDE To li m hnh 3D vi cc ng b khut
I
58. I - INSERT Chn khi
59. I -INSERT Chnh sa khi c chn
http://cadvn.com/
66. IN - INTERSECT To ra phn giao ca 2 i tng
L
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
75.
76.
77.
78.
L- LINE V ng thng
LA - LAYER To lp v cc thuc tnh
LA - LAYER Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca layer
LE - LEADER To ng dn ch thch
LEN - LENGTHEN Ko di/ thu ngn i tng vi chiu di cho trc
LW - LWEIGHT Khai bo hay thay i chiu dy nt v
LO LAYOUT Tao layout
LT - LINETYPE Hin th hp thoi to v xc lp cc kiu ng
LTS - LTSCALE Xc lp t l ng nt
M
79. M - MOVE Di chuyn i tng c chn
80. MA - MATCHPROP Sao chp cc thuc tnh t 1 i tng ny sang 1 hay
nhiu i t-ng khc
82. MI - MIRROR Ly i xng quanh 1 trc
83. ML - MLINE To ra cc ng song song
84. MO - PROPERTIES Hiu chnh cc thuc tnh
85. MS - MSPACE Chuyn t khng gian giy sang khng gian m hnh
86. MT - MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn
87. MV - MVIEW To ra ca s ng
O
88. O - OFFSET Sao chp song song
P
91. P - PAN Di chuyn c bn v
92. P - PAN Di chuyn c bn v t im 1 sang im th 2
94. PE - PEDIT Chnh sa cc a tuyn
95. PL - PLINE V a tuyn
96. PO - POINT V im
97. POL - POLYGON V a gic u khp kn
101. PS - PSPACE Chuyn t khng gian m hnh sang khng gian giy
R
103.
107.
108.
110.
112.
R - REDRAW Lm ti li mn hnh
REC - RECTANGLE V hnh ch nht
REG- REGION To min
REV - REVOLVE To khi 3D trn xoay
RO - ROTATE Xoay cc i tng c chn xung quanh 1 im
http://cadvn.com/
114. RR - RENDER Hin th vt liu, cy cnh, n,i tng
S
115.
116.
120.
121.
123.
125.
126.
127.
S - StrETCH Ko di/ thu ngn/ tp hp i tng

SC - SCALE Phng to, thu nh theo t l
SHA - SHADE T bong i tng 3D
SL - SLICE Ct khi 3D
SO - SOLID To ra cc a tuyn c th c t y
SPL - SPLINE V ng cong bt k
SPE - SPLINEDIT Hiu chnh spline
ST - STYLE To cc kiu ghi vn bn
128. SU - SUBTRACT Php tr khi

T
129.
131.
135.
136.
T - MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn
TH - THICKNESS To dy cho i tng
TOR - TORUS V Xuyn
TR - TRIM Ct xn i tng
U
139. UN - UNITS nh n v bn v
140. UNI - UNION Php cng khi
V
142. VP - DDVPOINT Xc lp hng xem 3 chiu
W
145. WE - WEDGE V hnh nm/chm
X
146. X- EXPLODE Phn r i tng
151. XR - XREF Tham chiu ngoi vo cc File bn v
Z
152. Z - ZOOM Phng to-Thu nh
http://cadvn.com/

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AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng

II. Cc lnh v File

I. M u Gii thiu chung

Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s to ra mt k hiu hoc kiu ch

II. Cc lnh v File

- Mn hnh lm vic hin ln.

-Chn th mc v a cha File cn m : Look in

Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng

Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc Lu bn v)

Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i

Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im

V d ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) c khong cch theo hng

Hnh 2: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line

2. Cc phng php nhp to

S dng bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Khi truy bt, ta

Dng truy bt im gia ca mt ng thng cung trn hoc Spline.

Dng truy bt mt im thuc i tng gn giao im vi 2 si tc

Dng truy bt mt im (Point). Cho vung truy bt n chm vi

Dng truy bt im vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho vung

Dng truy bt cc im 1/4 ( Circle, Elipp, Arc, ...)

Dng truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Elipp, Circle,)

Phng thc truy bt mt im bng cch nhp to tng i hoc cc

Phng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i tng 3D trong m

Trong AutoCAD ta c th s dng la chn Tracking nhp to im

n bnh xe chut v r chut

8. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v

Specify first point

Specify next point or [Undo]

Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s s c

C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn

Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]

Specify First Point on circle

Specify Second Point on circle

Specify Third Point on circle

Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]

Specify First End Point of circle's diameter

Specify Second End Point of circle diameter

: Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng cc

ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR)

Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]

Specify Point on Object for first tangent of Circle

V ng trn i qua 3 im TAN, TAN, TAN

C cc phng php v cung trn sau.

k hoc s dng phng thc truy bt im.

V cung vi im u tm im cui ( Start, Center, End )

Specify second point of arc or

-Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE

Specify Center point of arc

V cung vi im u tm v gc tm ( Start, Center, Angle )

V cung vi im u tm v chiu di dy cung ( Start, Center, Length of Chord )

Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn lnh v

Specify Center point of arc

Nhp to tm cung trn

Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]:

Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch L (nu chn t menu

Specify length of chord

Nhp chiu di dy cung

V cung vi im u, im cui v bn knh (Start, End, Radius)

Specify end point of arc

V cung vi im u, im cui v gc tm (Start, End, Included Angle)

+ ng Pline bi mt on thng nh Line