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WhyWDMisessentialinCRANfronthaulnetworks?
UltrahighCPRIlinkcapacity
March12,2014|BySteveShinandDr.HarrisonJ.Son(tech@netmanias.com)
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Ourquestioninthispostis:WhydoestheCPRIlinkbetweenBBU(atCO)andRRH(atCellSite)inC
RANrequireaultrahighGbpsbandwidth?
Beforeyoureadthispost,weadviseyoutoreadourpreviouspost,"CPRI(1):EmergenceofCRANand
CPRIoverview".
TheCPRIlinkcapacitiesrequiredbetweenBBUandRRHintheCRANarchitectureareasfollows:
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Table1.CPRIdataratesinfunctionofradiotechnologies
IncaseofanetworkwithLTECarrierBWof20MHzand2x2MIMOantennaconfiguration,themaximum
IPthroughputinthecellisonly150Mbps.Sotheoretically,abackhaulnetworkwith150Mbpsshouldbe
abletohandlethetraffic.Inreality,however,aCPRIlinkbetweenBBU(atCO)andRRH(atCellSite)
requiresabandwidthashighas2.4576Gbps.Whysuchahighbandwidthisneeded?
Let'sseehowdatatrafficisdeliveredinastandalonebasestation,whereBBUandRRHarekepttogether,
asseeninFigure(a)below(Pleasenote,inthe2X2MIMOconfigurationillustrationbelow,
onlyone(insteadoftwo)antennaisshownforthesakeofsimplicity).
ViewAll(264)
IntheLTEBasebandPHYlayer,OFDMsymbolwaveforms(IwaveformandQwaveform)aregenerated
onceallthesignalprocessing,suchaschannelcoding,modulation,IFFT(inverseFFT),arecompleted.
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WhyWDMisessentialinCRANfronthaulnetworks?UltrahighCPRIlinkcapacity|NETMANIAS
Throughsamplingthesetwowaveforms,yougetasetofdigitalsampledata(Isample15bitsandQ
Antenna(1) Authentication(2)
sample15bits),whichthenaresenttotheirassociatedDAC(DigitaltoAnalogConverter),and
convertedintoanalogI/Qsignals.Thereafter,onceRFprocessing(modulation/mixing/power
amplification)isperformed,theradiosignalisfinallyradiatedovertheairthroughtheantenna.
(whenLTEcarrierBWis20MHz),andthesamplingbitwidthforIandQsampleswas15bits(LTEcase).
CarrierEthernet(3) CoMP(5)
Contela(1) ControlPlane (4)
Therefore,theresultingI/Qsampledataratewas0.9216Gbps(=30bit/30.72Mhz).
Bearer(3) FTTH(6)
ThemassiveI/QsamplesgeneratedthiswayaredeliveredtoDACthroughthebuiltininternaldigital
DuringthesamplingprocessoftheOFDMsymbolwaveforms,thesamplingfrequencywas30.72MHz
businthebasestationsystem.
Unlikethestandalonebasestation,inCRAN,BBUandRRHarekeptseparatedfromeachother,and
connectedthroughtheCPRIinterface.BecauseradiopartsarelocatedinRRH,basebandI/Qsamples
GiGAtopia(1) GigaInternet(2)
GigabitInternet(2) Google(6)
GoogleGlobalCache(3) HFR
mustbedeliveredtoDACinRRH.AsyoucanseeintheFigure(b)below,I/Qsampledata(0.9216Gbps)
arecarriedinthepayloadofaCPRIframe.Thesesampledataandthecontrolwordaddedtothemform
aCPRIframe(0.983Gbps=16/15*0.9216Gbps).Then,after8B/10Bencodingprocess,theframeis
Routing(4) Indentifier(1)
forwardedthroughtheCPRIlink(1.2288Gbps=10/8*0.983Gbps)finallytoRRH.
InterferenceCoordination(1) IoT
Nowweknowaseachantennarequires1.2288Gbps,2X2configurationwithtwoantennasrequiresthe
(3)
KT(16) Korea(14)
doubleCPRIlinkcapacityof2.4576Gbps.
L3Switch(4) LGU+(11)
LTE(23) LTEA
Insummary,inastandalonebasestation,I/Qsamplescanbesimplydeliveredthroughthebuiltininternaldigital
bustoDAC.However,inCRAN,I/QsamplesaregeneratedatBBUinCO,andthusmusttravelfartoreachDACat
RRHinacellsite.AndthisrequiresaCPRIlinkwithhigherbandwidth.
Broadband(2)
SKTelecom
>>viewallstatisticsdiagrams
Let'sassumeanetworkwithLTECarrierBWof20MHz,2x2antennaconfiguration,andthreeRRHs(3
sector)inacellsite.Ifwedomath,eachRRHwillrequiretheCPRIcapacityof2.4576Gbps,andthus
eachcellsitewillneedthecapacityof7.3728Gbps.
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2.4576Gbps/RRH(20MHz,2x2)x3RRHs=7.3728Gbps
Thenanetworkwithtwobandswillrequire:
2.4576Gbps/RRH(20MHz,2x2)x3RRHsx2band=14.7456Gbps
Inthiscase,ifeachRRHusesonefiberlink,eachcellsitewouldneedsixfiberlinks,whichcanbevery
costly.
Asanefforttolowerthefibercost,nowWDMequipmentisinstalledbetweenaCOandcellsite,
assigningdifferentwavelengthstoeachRRH.
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DeliveringcompressedI/Qsamples,anotherpossiblewayofloweringthefibercost,willbeintroducedin
thenextpost.
Readmore:RequiredCPRIlinkcapacityinfunctionofradiotechnologies
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