RichardNeutra

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

RichardJosephNeutra(April8,1892April16,
1970)wasanAmericanarchitect.Livingandbuilding
forthemajorityofhiscareerinSouthernCalifornia,
hecametobeconsideredamongthemostimportant
modernistarchitects.

RichardNeutra

Contents
1Biography
2Architecturalstyle
3Legacy
4Lostworks
5Selectedworks
6Publications
7Notes
8Othersources
9Externallinks

Biography

Born

RichardJosephNeutra
April8,1892
Leopoldstadt,Vienna

Died

April16,1970(aged78)
Wuppertal,Germany

NeutrawasborninLeopoldstadt,the2nddistrictof
Vienna,AustriaHungary,onApril8,1892intoa
Occupation Architect
wealthyJewishfamily.HisJewishHungarianfather
Awards
WilhelmExnerMedal(1959)
SamuelNeutra(18441920)[1][2]wasaproprietorof
AIAGoldMedal(1977)
ametalfoundry,andhismother,Elizabeth"Betty"
Glaser[3]Neutra(18511905)wasamemberofthe
IKGWien.RichardhadtwobrotherswhoalsoemigratedtotheUnitedStates,andasisterwhomarried
inVienna.
NeutraattendedtheSophiengymnasiuminViennauntil1910,andhestudiedunderAdolfLoosatthe
ViennaUniversityofTechnology(19101918).HewasastudentofMaxFabianiandKarlMayreder.In
1912heundertookastudytriptoItalyandBalkanswithErnstLudwigFreud(sonofSigmundFreud).
AfterWorldWarINeutrawenttoSwitzerlandwhereheworkedwiththelandscapearchitectGustav
Ammann.In1921heservedbrieflyascityarchitectintheGermantownofLuckenwalde,andlaterin
thesameyearhejoinedtheofficeofErichMendelsohninBerlin.Neutracontributedtothefirms
competitionentryforanewcommercialcentreforHaifa,Palestine(1922),andtotheZehlendorf
housingprojectinBerlin(1923).[4]HemarriedDioneNiedermann,thedaughterofanarchitect,in1922.
NeutramovedtotheUnitedStatesby1923andbecameanaturalizedcitizenin1929.Neutraworked
brieflyforFrankLloydWrightbeforeacceptinganinvitationfromhisclosefriendanduniversity
companionRudolfSchindlertoworkandlivecommunallyinSchindler'sKingsRoadHousein
California.NeutrasfirstworkinLosAngeleswasinlandscapearchitecture,whereheprovidedthe
designforthegardenofSchindlersbeachhouse(19225),designedforPhilipLovell,NewportBeach,

andforapergolaandwadingpoolforWrightandSchindlerscomplexforAlineBarnsdallonOliveHill
(1925),Hollywood.SchindlerandNeutracollaboratedonanentryfortheLeagueofNations
Competitionof19267inthesameyeartheyformedafirmwiththeplannerCarolAronovici(1881
1957)calledtheArchitecturalGroupforIndustryandCommerce(AGIC).Hesubsequentlydeveloped
hisownpracticeandwentontodesignnumerousbuildingsembodyingtheInternationalStyle,twelveof
whicharedesignatedasHistoricCulturalMonuments(HCM),includingtheLovellHealthHouse(HCM
#1231929)andtheRichardandDionNeutraVDLResearchHouse(HCM#6401966).[4]In
California,hebecamecelebratedforrigorouslygeometricbutairystructuresthatsymbolizedaWest
Coastvariationonthemidcenturymodernresidence.ClientsincludedEdgarJ.Kaufmann,Galka
Scheyer,andWalterConradArensberg.Intheearly1930s,Neutra'sLosAngelespracticetrainedseveral
youngarchitectswhowentontoindependentsuccess,includingGregoryAin,HarwellHamiltonHarris,
andRaphaelSoriano.In1932,hetriedtomovetotheSovietUnion,tohelpdesignworkers'housingthat
couldbeeasilyconstructed,asameansofhelpingwiththehousingshortage.[5]
In1932,NeutrawasincludedintheseminalMoMAexhibitiononmodernarchitecture,curatedby
PhilipJohnsonandHenryRussellHitchcock.In1949NeutraformedapartnershipwithRobertE.
Alexanderthatlasteduntil1958,whichfinallygavehimtheopportunitytodesignlargercommercial
andinstitutionalbuildings.In1955,theUnitedStatesDepartmentofStatecommissionedNeutrato
designanewembassyinKarachi.Neutra'sappointmentwaspartofanambitiousprogramof
architecturalcommissionstorenownedarchitects,whichincludedembassiesbyWalterGropiusin
Athens,EdwardDurrellStoneinNewDelhi,MarcelBreuerinTheHague,JosepLluisSertinBaghdad,
andEeroSaarineninLondon.In1965NeutraformedapartnershipwithhissonDionNeutra.[4]Between
1960and1970,NeutracreatedeightvillasinEurope,fourinSwitzerland,threeinGermanyandonein
France.ProminentclientsinthisperiodincludedGerdBucerius,publisherofDieZeit,aswellasfigures
fromcommerceandscience.
NeutradiedinWuppertal,Germany,onApril16,1970,attheageof78.

Architecturalstyle
Hewasfamousfortheattentionhegavetodefiningtherealneedsofhisclients,regardlessofthesizeof
theproject,incontrasttootherarchitectseagertoimposetheirartisticvisiononaclient.Neutra
sometimesuseddetailedquestionnairestodiscoverhisclient'sneeds,muchtotheirsurprise.His
domesticarchitecturewasablendofart,landscapeandpracticalcomfort.
Neutrahadasharpsenseofirony.Inhisautobiography,LifeandShape,heincludedaplayfulanecdote
aboutananonymousmovieproducerclientwhoelectrifiedthemoataroundthehousethatNeutra
designedforhimandhadhisPersianbutlerfishoutthebodiesinthemorninganddisposeofthemina
speciallydesignedincinerator.Thiswasamuchembellishedaccountofanactualclient,Josefvon
Sternberg,whoindeedhadamoatedhousebutnotanelectrifiedone.
Thenovelist/philosopherAynRandwasthesecondowneroftheVonSternbergHouseintheSan
FernandoValley(nowdestroyed).AphotoofNeutraandRandatthehomewasfamouslycapturedby
JuliusShulman.
Neutra'searlywatercolorsanddrawings,mostofthemofplaceshetraveled(particularlyhistripstothe
BalkansinWWI)andportraitsketches,showedinfluencefromartistssuchasGustavKlimt,Egon
Schieleetc.Neutra'ssisterJosefine,whocoulddraw,iscitedasdevelopingNeutra'sinclinationtowards
drawing(ref:ThomasHines).

Legacy
Neutra'ssonDionhaskepttheSilverLakeofficesdesignedandbuiltbyhisfatheropenas"Richardand
DionNeutraArchitecture"inLosAngeles.TheNeutraOfficeBuildingislistedontheNationalRegister
ofHistoricPlaces.
In1980,Neutra'swidowdonatedtheVanderLeeuwHouse(VDLResearchHouse),thenvaluedat
$207,500,toCaliforniaStatePolytechnicUniversity,Pomona(CalPolyPomona)tobeusedbythe
university'sCollegeofEnvironmentalDesignfacultyandstudents.[6][7]In2011,theNeutradesigned
KronishHouse(1954)on9439SunsetBoulevardinBeverlyHillssoldfor$12.8million.[8]
In2009,theexhibition"RichardNeutra,Architect:SketchesandDrawings"attheLosAngelesCentral
LibraryfeaturedaselectionofNeutra'stravelsketches,figuredrawingsandbuildingrenderings.An
exhibitiononthearchitect'sworkinEuropebetween1960and1979wasmountedbytheMARTa
Herford,Germany.
Therevivalinthelate1990sofmidcenturymodernismhasgivennewcachettohiswork,aswith
homesandpublicstructuresbuiltbythearchitectsJohnLautnerandRudolfSchindler.TheKaufmann
DesertHousewasrestoredbyMarmolRadziner+Associatesinthemid1990s.
ThetypefacefamilyNeutraface,designedbyChristianSchwartzforHouseIndustries,wasbasedon
RichardNeutra'sarchitectureanddesignprinciples.
In1977hewasposthumouslyawardedtheAIAGoldMedal.

Lostworks
OneofthemostfamousandmostphotographedNeutradesignedstructureswasthe1962MaslonHouse
ofRanchoMirageCalifornia,whichwasinfamouslydemolishedin2002.[9]
Neutra'sfamedGettysburgCycloramabuildingwasdemolishedbyNationalParkService,March89,
2013.[10]

Selectedworks
Seealso:Category:RichardNeutrabuildings
JardinetteApartments,1928,Hollywood,California
LovellHouse,1929,LosAngeles,California
MoskHouse,1933,2742HollyridgeDrive,
Hollywood
NathanandMalveKoblickHouse,1933,98Fairview
Avenue,Atherton,California
UniversalInternationalBuilding(LaemmleBuilding),
1933,Hollywood
ScheyerHouse,1934,BlueHeightsDrive,Hollywood
Hills,LosAngeles
WilliamandMelbaBeardHouse(withGregoryAin),
1935,1981Meadowbrook,Altadena
CaliforniaMilitaryAcademy,1935,CulverCity
CoronaAvenueElementarySchool,1935,3835Bell

MillerHouse,PalmSprings

Avenue,Bell,California
LargentHouse,1935,cornerofHopkinsandBurnettAvenues,SanFrancisco
VonSternbergHouse,1935,SanFernandoValley
NeutraVDLStudioandResidences(alsoknownasVanderLeeuwHouseorVDLResearch
House),1932,LosAngeles,California
StenandFrenkeHouse(LosAngelesHistoricCulturalMonument#647),1934,126Mabery
Road,SantaMonica
TheNeutraHouseProject(http://neutrahouse.org),1935,RestorationoftheNeutra"Orchard
House"inLosAltos,California
JosefKunHouse,1936,7960FareholmDrive,NicholsCanyon,HollywoodHills,LosAngeles,
California[11]
GeorgeKraigherHouse(http://www.preservationtexas.org/endangered/georgekraigherhouse/),
1937,525ParedesLineRoad,Brownsville,Texas
LandfairApartments,1937,Westwood,LosAngeles,California
StrathmoreApartments,1937,Westwood,LosAngeles,California
AquinoDuplex,1937,2430LeavenworthStreet,SanFrancisco
LeonBarshaHouse(withP.Pfisterer),1937,302MesaRoad,PacificPalisades,California
MillerHouse,[12]1937,PalmSprings,California
WindshieldHouse,[13]1938,Fisher'sIsland,NewYork
LewinHouse,1938,512OceanFrontWalk,SantaMonica,LosAngeles
EmersonJuniorHighSchool,1938,1650SelbyAvenue,WestLosAngeles,California
WardBergerHouse,1939,3156NorthLakeHollywoodDrive,HollywoodHills,LosAngeles,
California
KeltonApartments,Westwood,LosAngeles
BeckstrandHouse,1940,1400ViaMontemar,PalosVerdesEstates,LosAngeles
BonnetHouse,1941,HollywoodHills,LosAngeles,California
VanCleefResidence,1942,651WarnerAvenue,Westwood,LosAngeles
ChannelHeightsHousingProjects,1942,SanPedro,California
JohnNesbittHouse,1942,414Avondale,Brentwood,LosAngeles
KaufmannDesertHouse,[14][15][16]1946,PalmSprings,California
StuartBaileyHouse,1948,PacificPalisades,California(CaseStudy20A)
CaseStudyHouses#6,#13,#20A,#21A
SchmidtHouse,1948,1460ChamberlainRoad,LindaVista,Pasadena,California
JosephTutaHouse,1948,1800ViaVisalia,PalosVerdes,California
HolidayHouseMotel,1948,27400PacificCoastHighway,Malibu,California
ElkayApartments,1948,638642KeltonAvenue,Westwood,LosAngeles
GordonWilkinsHouse,1949,528SouthHermosaPlace,SouthPasadena,California[17][18]
AlphaWirinHouse,1949,2622GlendowerAvenue,LosFeliz,LosAngeles
HinesHouse,1949,760ViaSomonte,PalosVerdes,California
AtwellHouse,1950,1411AtwellRoad,ElCerrito,California
NickHelburnHouse,1950,SourdoughRoad,Bozeman,Montana
NeutraOfficeBuildingNeutra'sdesignstudiofrom1950to1970
EveristHouse,1951,200W.45thStreet,SiouxCity,Iowa[19]
MooreHouse,1952,Ojai,California(receivedAIAaward)
PerkinsHouse,195255,1540PoppypeakDrive,Pasadena,California
SchaarmanHouse,1953,7850TorreysonDrive,HollywoodHills
KesterAvenueElementarySchool(withR.E.Alexander),1953,5353KesterAvenue,Los
Angeles
OlanG.andAidaT.HafleyHouse,1953,5561EastLaPasadaStreet,LongBeach[20]
BrownHouse,1955,10801ChalonRoad,BelAir,LosAngeles
KronishHouse,1955,BeverlyHills,California[21]
SidneyR.TroxellHouse,[22]1956,766PaseoMiramar,PacificPalisades,California

ClarkHouse,1957,Pasadena,California
Airman'sMemorialChapel,1957,45549BauerStreet,Miramar,California
FerroChemicalCompanyBuilding,1957,Cleveland,Ohio
ConnellHouse,1958,PebbleBeach,California
MellonHallandFrancisScottKeyAuditorium,1958,St.John'sCollege,Annapolis,Maryland
RivieraUnitedMethodistChurch,1958,375PalosVerdesBoulevard,RedondoBeach
LoringHouse,1959,2456AstralDrive,LosAngeles(additionbyEscherGuneWardena
Architecture,2006
SingletonHouse,1959,15000MulhollandDrive,HollywoodHills
GardenGroveCommunityChurch,CommunityChurch,1959(FellowshipHallandOffices),
1961(Sanctuary),1968(TowerofHope),GardenGrove,California
Threeseniorofficer'squartersonMountainHomeAirForceBase,Idaho,1959
JulianBondHouse,1960,4449YerbaSanta,SanDiego,California
R.J.NeutraElementarySchool,1960,NavalAirStationLemoore,inLemoore,California
(designedin1929)
PalosVerdesHighSchool,1961,600CloydenRoad,PalosVerdes,California
HausRang,1961,KnigsteinimTaunus,Germany
HansGrellingHouse/CasaTuiaonMonteVerit,1961,StradadelRoccolo11,Ascona,Tessin,
Switzerland
LosAngelesCountyHallofRecords,1962,LosAngeles,California.
GettysburgCyclorama,1962,GettysburgNationalMilitaryPark,Pennsylvania
GonzalesGorrondonaHouse,1962,AvenidadelaLinea65,SabanaGrande,Caracas,Venezuela
BewobauResidences,1963,QuickbornnearHamburg,Germany
MarinersMedicalArts,1963,NewportBeach,California
PaintedDesertVisitorCenter,1963,PetrifiedForestNationalPark,Arizona
UnitedStatesEmbassy,(laterUSConsulateGeneraluntil2011),1959,Karachi,Pakistan[23]
SwirbulLibrary,1963,AdelphiUniversity,GardenCity,NewYork
KuhnsHouse,1964,WoodlandHills,LosAngeles,California
RiceHouse(NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces),1964,1000OldLockeLane,Richmond,
Virginia
VDLIIResearchHouse,[24][25][26]1964,(rebuiltwithsonDionNeutra)LosAngeles,California
RentschHouse,1965,WengennearBerneinSwitzerlandLandscapearchitect:ErnstCramer
BuceriusHouse,1965,BrionesopraMinusioinSwitzerlandLandscapearchitect:ErnstCramer
HausKemper,1965,Wuppertal,Germany
SportsandCongressCenter,1965,Reno,Nevada
DelcourtHouse,196869,Croix,Nord,France
HausPescher,1969,Wuppertal,Germany
HausJrgenTillmanns,1970,Stettfurt,Thurgau,Switzerland

CycloramaBuilding,
Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania

JardinetteApartments,
Hollywood

KaufmannHouse,
PalmSprings,
California.

GardenGrove
CommunityChurch,
GardenGrove,CA

Publications
1927:WieBautAmerika?(HowAmericaBuilds)(JuliusHoffman)
1930:Amerika:DieStilbildungdesneuenBauensindenVereiningtenStaaten(AntonSchroll
Verlag)
1935:"NewElementarySchoolsforAmerica".ArchitecturalForum65(1):2536.January1935.
1948:ArchitectureofSocialConcerninRegionsofMildClimate(GerthTodtman)
1951:MysteriesandRealitiesoftheSite(Morgan&Morgan)
1954:SurvivalThroughDesign(OxfordUniversityPress)
1956:LifeandHumanHabitat(AlexanderKochVerlag).
1961:WeltundWohnung(AlexanderKockVerlag)
1962:LifeandShape:anAutobiography(AppletonCenturyCrofts),reprinted2009(AtaraPress)
1962:Auftragfrmorgen(ClaassenVerlag)
1962:WorldandDwelling(UniverseBooks)
1970:NaturnahesBauen(AlexanderKochVerlag)
1971:BuildingWithNature(UniverseBooks)
1974:WasserSteineLicht(PareyVerlag)
1977:BauenunddieSinneswelt(VerlagderKunst)
1989:NatureNear:TheLateEssaysofRichardNeutra(CapraPress)

Notes
1. "ChroniclesofBrunonia"(http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1224698121953125.pdf)(PDF).Dl.lib.brown.edu.
Retrieved20150731.
2. "1837/L"(http://www3.sympatico.ca/thidas/Hungarianhistory/1837L.html)..sympatico.ca.Retrieved
20150731.
3. orGlazer
4. "RichardNeutra"(http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=4277).MoMA.20100222.Retrieved
20150731.
5. StateArchiveoftheRussianFederation,fR7544,op1,d78,l6
6. "CalPolyPomonaGivenNeutraResearchHouse".LosAngelesTimes.19800302.
7. "Architect'sHomeGivenToCalPoly".LosAngelesTimes.19800518.
8. LaurenBeale(October14,2011),RichardNeutradesignedKronishhousesellsfor$12.8million
(http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/14/business/lafihotpropkronishhouse20111014)LosAngelesTimes.
9. BradDunning,"ADestructionSite",(http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/21/magazine/styleadestruction
site.html)TheNewYorkTimes,April21,2002
10. "ThedeathoftheGettysburgCycloramabuilding"(http://www.eveningsun.com/news/ci_22755285/deathold
cycloramabuilding).EveningSun.Retrieved20150731.
11. Jao,Carren(November21,2014)"Devorocker'snewtrioworkstorestoreNeutra'sKunHouse"
(http://www.latimes.com/home/lahmkunhouse20141122story.html)LosAngelesTimes
12. Leet,StephenShulman,Julius(2004).RichardNeutra'sMillerHouse.NewYork,NY:Princeton
ArchitecturalPress.p.191.ISBN9781568982748.LCCN2003021531(http://lccn.loc.gov/2003021531).
OCLC473973008(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/473973008).
13. Neumann,Dietrich,ed.(2001).RichardNeutra'sWindshieldHouse.YaleUniversityPress.ISBN0300
092032.
14. Wyatt,Edward(October31,2007)."ALandmarkModernistHouseHeadstoAuction"
(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/31/arts/design/31hous.html?_r=1&oref=slogin).NewYorkTimes.
Retrieved20080524.
15. JudithGura(May1,2008)."RichardNeutra'sKaufmannHouse"
(http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/27440/richardneutraskaufmannhouse/).ARTINFO.Retrieved
20080514.
16. Friedman,AliceT.(c.2010)."2.PalmSpringsEternal:RichardNeutra'sKaufmannDesertHouse".American

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25.
26.

GlamourandtheEvolutionofModernArchitecture.NewHaven,CN:YaleUniversityPress.p.262.
ISBN9780300116540.LCCN2009032574(http://lccn.loc.gov/2009032574).
"RichardNeutraNCMHModernistMastersGallery"(http://www.trianglemodernisthouses.com/neutra.htm).
Trianglemodernisthouses.com.Retrieved20150730.
[1](http://www.allbusiness.com/construction/43604381.html)
"EveristHouseMultipleViews(1951)"(http://www.neutra.org/Everist_views.html).neutra.org.Retrieved
20150730.
CarolCrotta(May2,2015),NeutrarestorationinLongBeachhonorstimeandpatina
(http://www.latimes.com/home/lahmhafley20150502story.html)LosAngelesTimes.
"Transitions".Preservation(NationalTrustforHistoricPreservation)64(1):6.January2012.
[2](http://www.landliving.com/articles/0000000803.aspx)
ObituaryForAConsulateOfficeBuilding(http://skepticalbureaucrat.blogspot.com/2011/01/obituaryfor
consulateofficebuilding.html)19January2011Retrieved31March2011
Eastman,Janet(April17,2008)."TheclockistickingforRichardNeutra'sVDLResearchHouseII"
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080421231330/http://www.latimes.com/features/home/lahm
neutra17apr17,1,5038364.story).LosAngelesTimes.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.latimes.com/features/home/lahmneutra17apr17,1,5038364.story)on20080421.Retrieved
20080524.
Ayyce,Orhan(March17,2008)."Neutra'sVDLHousev.HardTimes"
(http://archinect.com/features/article.php?id=72721_0_23_0_C).archinect.com.Retrieved20080524.
"CreativeDecoratingIdeas"(http://www.neutravdl.org).NeutraVDL.org.Retrieved20150731.

Othersources
McCoy,Esther(1960).FiveCaliforniaArchitects.ReinholdPublishing.ISBN0275717208.
reprintedin1975byPraeger
Hines,Thomas(1982).RichardNeutraandtheSearchforModernArchitecture.Oxford
UniversityPress.ISBN0195030281.
reprintedin1994bytheUniversityofCaliforniaPress
reprintedin2006byRizzoliPublications
Lavin,Sylvia(December1999)."OpentheBox:RichardNeutraandthePsychologyofthe
DomesticEnvironment".Assemblage(TheMITPress)40(40):625.doi:10.2307/3171369
(https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3171369).JSTOR3171369
(https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171369).
Lamprecht,Barbara(2000).RichardNeutra:CompleteWorks.Taschen.p.360.ISBN978
3822866221.
Lamprecht,Barbara(2004).RichardNeutra,18921970:SurvivalThroughDesign.Taschen.
ISBN3822827738.
Lavin,Sylvia(2005).FormFollowsLibido:ArchitectureandRichardNeutrainaPsychoanalytic
Culture.MITPress.ISBN0262122685.
Cronan,Todd(July2011)."DangerintheSmallestDose:RichardNeutra'sDesignTheory"
(http://www.designstudiesforum.org/journal/issues/vol2no2jul2011).DesignandCulture
(BergPublishers)3(2):165191.doi:10.2752/175470811X13002771867806
(https://dx.doi.org/10.2752%2F175470811X13002771867806).

Externallinks
FindingAidfortheRichardandDionNeutraPapers

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoRichard
Neutra.

(http://www2.library.ucla.edu/specialcollections/researchlibrary/9618.cfm),UCLALibrary
SpecialCollections.
Digitizedplans,sketches,photographs,textsfromtheRichardandDionNeutraCollection

(http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0008b9tw),UCLALibrarySpecial
Collections.
NeutraInstituteforSurvivalThroughDesign(http://www.neutra.org/)
NeutraatGreatBuildings.com(http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Richard_Neutra.html)
Neutraatmodernsandiego.com(http://www.modernsandiego.com/RichardNeutra.html)
Neutrabiographyatr20thcentury.com(http://www.r20thcentury.com/bios/designer.cfm?
article_id=76)
infoandphotosfromWinkens.ie(http://www.winkens.ie/neutra.htm)
History,plansandphotographsoftheVDLI&VDLIIResearchHouses(http://www.neutra
vdl.org)
NeutraVDLStudioandResidencesiPadApp(http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/neutravdlstudio
residences/id468279435?ls=1&mt=8)
RichardNeutraandtheCaliforniaArtClub:PathwaystotheJosefvonSternbergandDudley
MurphyCommissions(http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/05/richardneutraand
californiaartclub.html)
R.M.Schindler,RichardNeutraandLouisSullivan's"KindergartenChats"
(http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/05/rmschindlerrichardneutraandluis.html)
FoundationsofLosAngelesModernism:RichardNeutra'sModSquad
(http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2010/08/practicalcourseinmodernbuildingart.html)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neutra&oldid=678519361"
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