Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
CHNG 1: NGUYN T
I. THNH PHN NGUYN T - HT NHN NGUYN T - NGUYN T
HA HC. NG V
A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Hy cho bit s n v in tch ht nhn, s proton, ntron,
28
24
electron v s khi ca cc nguyn t sau: 12
Mg , 2040 Ca , 1531 P , 14
Si , 199 F , 2555 Mn ,
80
35

Br ,

88
38

Sr

Cu 2:

2.1/ Tm s phn t (nguyn t) c trong cc cht sau:

a. 26,56g oxi
b. 69,72g nit
c. 3,375g nhm
2.2/ Nguyn t Fe c 26p, 26e, 30n.
a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t tuyt i ca 1 nguyn t Fe
b. Tnh s nguyn t Fe c trong 2,8g Fe

d. 1,792g lu hunh

Cu 3:

3.1/ Tng s ht trong 1 nguyn t X l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn khng

mang in l 33. Tm p, n v A ca X.
3.2/ Tng s ht p, nv e trong nguyn t X l 21. Trong s ht mang in dng
bng s ht khng mang in. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca X?
3.3/ Tng s ht ca nguyn t B l 54. Tng s ht mang in gp 1,7 ln s ht
khng mang in. Xc nh k hiu nguyn t B.
3.4/ Tnh s p, e, n ca nguyn t Y, bit tng s phn t trong Y l 58 v s khi ca
Y < 40.
Cu 4:
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cc nguyn t trong cc trng
hp sau:
a.

35
17

Cl v

40

37
17

Cl bit

35
17

Cl chim 75,53%.

36

b. Ar (99,6%), Ar(0,337%), 38Ar (0,063%).

c. 58Ni (67,76%), 60Ni (26,16%), 61Ni (2,42%), 62Ni (3,66%).
Cu 5:

5.1/ ng c 2 ng v l 65Cu v 63Cu. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l

63,54(vc). Tnh thnh phn % ca mi loi ng v c trong t nhin.
5.2/ Brom c 2 ng v

79
35

Br v

81
35

Br , bit M = 79,82. Tnh thnh phn % mi

ng v ca brom.
5.3/ Cu c 2 ng v

63
29

Cu chim 73% v

A
29

Cu , bit A = 63,64 . Tnh s khi ng

v th 2.
Cu 6:
13
6

Oxi c 3 ng v

16
8

O , 178 O , 188 O v Cacbon c 2 ng v

12
6

C ,

C . Vit cng thc cc loi phn t cacbonioxit (CO 2).Tnh khi lng phn t ca

chng.

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Bi tp ha hc
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Cu 7:
Trong nc, hiro ch yu tn ti 2 ng v 11 H v 12H . Hi c
bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 12H trong 1ml nc? Bit KLNTTB ca nguyn t
hiro trong H2O nguyn cht l 1,008.
Cu 8:
Nguyn t lng ca Ag bng 107,87 vc v d Ag =10,5g/cm3. Cc
nguyn t Ag chim 74% th tch ca tinh th, cn li l phn rng. Tnh bn knh
nguyn t ca Ag theo A0.
B. TRC NGHIM
1. Cc ht cu to nn ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t l:
A. electron v proton
B. proton v ntron
C. ntron v electron
D. electron, proton v ntron
2. Cc ht cu to nn hu ht cc nguyn t l:
A. proton v electron
B. ntron v electron
C. ntron v proton
D. ntron, proton v electron
3. Nguyn t l phn t nh nht ca cht:
A. trung ha in
B. mang in dng
C. mang in m
D. c th mang in hoc khng mang in
4. Chn cu pht biu sai:
A. electron mang in m
B. ntron mang in dng
C. proton mang in dng
D. proton l ht nhn nguyn t hidro
5. ng knh nguyn t gp 104 ln ng knh ht nhn. Nu phng i ht nhn ln
thnh mt qu bng c ng knh l 8cm th ng knh nguyn t s l:
A.800 cm
B.8000m
C.800m
D.80m
6. Chn cu pht biu khng ng khi ni v tia m cc:
A. i t cc m sang cc dng
B. mang in tch m
C. lch v pha cc m khi t vo in trng
D. truyn thng khi khng c in trng hoc t trng
7. Chn pht biu sai:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n.
B. Tng s ht p v e c gi l s khi.
C. Trong mt nguyn t s p = s e = s n v in tch ht nhn.
D. S p bng s e.
8. K hiu nguyn t biu th y c trng cho mt nguyn t ca mt nguyn t
ha hc v n cho bit:
A. s khi
B. s hiu nguyn t Z
C. nguyn t khi ca nguyn t
D. s khi A v s hiu nguyn t Z
9. Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng:
A. s khi
B. s ntron
C. s proton
D. s ntron v s proton
10. Ht nhn nguyn t

65
29

Cu c s ntron l:

A. 65
B. 29
11. i lng c trng cho nguyn t l:
A. s p
B. s n

C. 36

D. 94

C. s khi

D. s n v s khi

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12. C 3 nguyn t:

A. X, Y v Z.

12
6

Bi tp ha hc

X ;147 Y ;146 Z . Nhng nguyn t no l ng v ca mt nguyn t?

B. X v Z.

C. Y v Z.

D. X v Y.

13. Cho 1u = 1,66.10-27 kg. Nguyn t khi ca neon l 20,179u. Vy khi lng (kg)

ca neon l:
A.33,5.10-27 kg
B.183,6.10-31 kg
C.32.29.10-19 kg
D.33,98.10-27 kg
14. Mt nguyn t c tng s ht l 46, trong s ht mang in gp 1,875 ln s ht
khng mang in. Khi lng nguyn t tuyt i ca nguyn t l: (m e =
9,109.10-31 kg; mp = 1,6726.10-27 kg; mn = 1,6748.10-27kg)
A.5,1673.10-26 kg
B.5,1899.10-26 kg
-26
C.5,2131.10 kg
D.5,252.10-27 kg
15. Ht nhn nguyn t clo c in tch l 17+; c 18 ht ntron. S khi A ca nguyn
t clo l:
A. 17
B. 20
C. 35
D. 18
16. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng ht bng 58, trong s ht p t hn s ht n l 1
ht. Tn nguyn t X:
A. Natri
B. Kali
C. Clo
D. Xesi
17. Trong nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 40. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
ht khng mang in l 12. S ht p trong nguyn t l:
A.13
B.14
C.27
D.28
18. Nguyn t X c 11 electron, 12 ntron. K hiu nguyn t X l:
23
11
A. 12
X
B. 12
C. 23
D. 23
X
11 X
11 X
19. Mt nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c (56e, 81n). K hiu nguyn t ng ca
nguyn t X:
A.

56
137

B.

137
137

C.

137
56

D.

81
56

20. Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 116. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht

khng mang in l 24. K hiu nguyn t R:

A.

35
17

Cl

B.

81
35

Br

C.

40
20

Ca

D.

55
25

Mn
79

21. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Br l 79,91. Bit Br c 2 ng v ( 35 Br chim

54,5%). Vy s khi ca ng v th 2 l:
A. 80
B. 81
C. 82
D. 81,5
22. Nguyn t Clo trong t nhin c 2 ng vi l 35Cl v 37Cl. Trong ng v 35Cl
chim 75% s nguyn t clo trong t nhin. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo l:
A. 35,5.
B. 36,5.
C. 35.
D. 37.
23. Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v 63Cu v 65Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng
l 63,54. Phn trm s nguyn t ca ng v 63Cu l:
A. 73%
B. 27%
C. 46%
D. 54%
24. Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X l 28.
S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t l:
A. 19
B. 18
C. 28
D. 17

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25. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng ht l 54. S ht p chnh lch vi ht n khng
qu 1 n v. S khi ca X l:
A. 38
B. 36
C. 37
D.39

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C. BI TP V NH
1. Trong s cc cu sau, cu no sai?
A. Trong nguyn t, s e lp v bng s p trong ht nhn.
B. Ht nhn c kch thc nh b so vi nguyn t.
C. S khi A = Z + N
D. Nguyn t c s khi bng s ntron trong ht nhn
2. i lng khng c trng cho mt nguyn t ha hc l:
A. Ntron
B. Proton
C. in tch ht nhn D. S hiu nguyn t
3. Chn pht biu sai:
A. Nguyn t khi ca mt nguyn t cho bit khi lng ca nguyn t nng gp
bao nhiu ln n v khi lng nguyn t u.
B. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s ht proton nhng khc nhau v s ht
notron do s khi ca chng khc nhau.
C. Cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn theo qu o trn hay bu dc.
D. S n v in tch ht nhn bng s proton bng s electron bng s hiu nguyn
t.
4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c A = 167 v Z= 68. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c:
A. 55p, 56e, 55n
B. 68p, 68e, 99n
C. 68p, 99e, 68n
D. 99p, 68e, 68n
80
35

5. Tng s ht ca p, e v n trong nguyn t

A.74

B.37

Br l:

C.115

D.123

6. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c s ntron nh nht:

A.

19
9

B.

41
21

Sc

C.

40
20

Ca

D.

39
19

7. Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn t sau, dy no l ng v ca cng mt nguyn t?

A.

40
18

X ; 40
19Y

B.

28
14

X ; 29
14Y

C.

14
6

X ; 147Y

D.

19
9

X ; 20
10Y

8. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c ht nhn cha 19p v 20n?

A.

19
9

B.

41
21

Sc

C.

40
20

Ca

D.

39
19

9. Cho bit khi lng nguyn t km l 65u. Khi lng tuyt i ca km l:

A.65 g
B. 1,67.10-24 g
C. 1,08.10-24 g
D. 107,93.10-24 g
10. Tng s ht c bn ca mt nguyn t X l 26. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 6. Nguyn t X l:
A.

19
9

B.

18
9

C.

18
8

D.

16
8

11. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn X c 35p. ng

v th nht c 44n. ng v th 2 c nhiu hn ng v th nht 2n. Nguyn t khi

trung bnh ca X l:
A.79,92
B. 80
C. 28,58
D. 35,5
12. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht trong ngt 60, trong s ht mang in
gp i s ht khng mang in. S khi ca R l:
A. 30
B. 45
C. 20
D. 40

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13. ng trong t nhin c 2 ng v

bnh l 63,54. Vy % s nguyn t

A.50%
B. 27%

Bi tp ha hc
63

Cu v

65

Cu , c khi lng nguyn t trung

65

Cu trong t nhin l:

14. Nguyn t cacbon c 2 ng v bn l

C. 70%

D. 73%

12
6

C v 146C trong 126C chim 98,89%.

Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t cacbon l:

A.12,05
B. 12,01
C. 12,001
15. Trong t
18
8

17
8

nhin, nit c 2 ng v bn (

15

D. 12,022

14

N ; N ); oxi c 2 ng v bn (

16
8

O; O; O ). Hi c bao nhiu loi phn t c to thnh t cc loi ng v

trn?
A.3
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12
II. CU TO V NGUYN T - CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Cc electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp,
lp th 3 c 6 lectron. Tnh s n v in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t X?
Cu 2:
Cho cc nguyn t: He (Z = 2), S (Z = 16), Ar (Z =18); K (Z = 19);
Sc (Z=21); Ti (Z=22); Cr (Z=24); Mn (Z=25); Ni (Z=28); Cu (Z=29), Br (Z=35);
a. Vit cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t trn.
b. Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him? V sao?
Cu 3:
Vit cu hnh e y cho cc nguyn t c lp e ngoi cng l:
a. 2s1
b. 3s2 3p1
c. 2s2 2p3
d. 2s2 2p6
e. 3s2 3p3
Nhng nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him? V sao?
Cu 4:
Nguyn t X c e phn lp nng lng cao nht l 4p5, s ht
khng mang in bng 0,6429 s ht mang in. Xc nh s khi ca X. (A = 80)
Cu 5:
Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l
13. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y.
Cu 6:
Hy vit cu hnh electron ca:
a. Al (Z-=13); Al3+
b. S(Z =16); S2-.
c. Fe (Z =26); Fe2+; Fe3+,
Cu 7:
Nguyn t R bt i 2 electron to ra cation R 2+ cu hnh electron
phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R
B. TRC NGHIM
1. Lp L l lp th my?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
2. Lp M c my phn lp?
A. 1 phn lp
B. 2 phn lp
C. 3 phn lp
D. 4 phn lp
3. S electron ti a trn phn lp s bng:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 4 lp electron. Lp th 4 c 2 electron. X l nguyn
t h s. S n v in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t X l:
A. 20
B. 26
C. 30
D. 17

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5. Nguyn t c Z =11 thuc loi nguyn t
A. s
B. p
C. d
D. f
6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t lu hynh (Z=16) l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
2
2
6
2
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
7. Cu hnh electron nguyn t nhm (Z=13) l 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. Tm cu sai:
A. Lp th nht (lp K) c 2 electron
B. Lp th hai (lp L) c 8 electron
C. Lp th ba (lp M) c 3 electron
D. Lp ngoi cng c 1 electron
8. Dy no trong cc dy sau y gm cc phn lp electron bo ha?
A. s2 p6 d10 f14
B. s1 p3 d7 f12
C. s2 p5 d9 f13
D. s2 p4 d10 f11
9. Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt cht ch vi ht nhn nht?
A. Lp K
B. Lp L
C. Lp M
D. Lp N
10. S electron ti a trong cc phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt l:
A. 2, 8, 18, 32
B. 2, 6, 10, 14
C. 2, 4, 6, 8
D. 2, 6, 8, 18
11. Trong s cc k hiu sau y ca phn lp, k hiu no sai?
A. 4f
B. 2d
C. 3d
D. 2p
12. Lp th 3 c ti a bao nhiu electron?
A. 2
B. 8
C. 1 8
D. 32
13. Chn cu tr li ng khi ni v cc electron trong cc lp hoc phn lp:
A. Mi lp n c ti a 2n2 electron
B. Mi lp n c ti a 2n
C. Cc electron c mc nng lng bng nhau c xp vo mt lp
D. Cc electron c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt phn lp
14. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 2s 2 2p5. S hiu nguyn t
ca nguyn t l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
15. Cu hnh e ca mt nguyn t vi mc nng lng cao nht l 4s 2. l cu hnh
ca:
A. Na(Z=11)
B. K(Z=19)
C. Cl(Z=17)
D. Ca(Z=20)
16. Cho bit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M, N, O, P. Nguyn t no l kim loi:
M: 1s22s22p1 N: 1s22s22p63s23p3 O: 1s22s22p63s1 P: 1s22s22p63s23p5
A. N, O
B. M, O
C. M, N
D. N, P
17. Nguyn t X nhn 2 electron to ra anion X 2-, cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi
cng ca anion l 2p6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6
C. 1s2 2s2 2p4
D. 1s2 2s2 2p3
+
2
6
18. Ion M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 3p . Cu hnh electron ca nguyn
t M l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
2
2
6
2
6
1
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6 3d1
19. Cc electron trong cng mt phn lp th:
A. C mc nng lng sp s nhau.
B. C mc nng lng khc nhau.
C. C ba cu cn li u ng.
D. C cng mc nng lng.
20. Cu hnh e sau: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 l ca nguyn t no sau y:

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Bi tp ha hc
10
A. F (Z = 9)
B. Na (Z = 11)
C. K (Z = 19)
D. Cl (Z = 17)
21. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y l phi kim.
A. D (Z = 11)
B. A (Z = 6)
C. B (Z = 19)
D. C (Z = 2)
22. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y khi nhn thm 1electron th t cu hnh
electron ca Ne (Z = 10).
A. Cl (Z = 17)
B. F (Z = 9)
C. N (Z = 7)
D. Na (Z = 11)
23. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ng:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 4s2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p7
D. 1s1 2s2
24. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y l kh him.
A. X (Z = 4)
B. Y (Z = 5)
C. T (Z = 18)
D. Q (Z = 20)
25. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca kim loi
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
2
2
6
2
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
26. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Fe (Z = 26) l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6.
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p5.
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
3+
27. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Fe l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d3
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5.
2
2
6
2
6
2
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6 3d6
28. Nguyn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 34 v s khi l 23. S lp electron v s
electron lp ngoi cng ln lt l
A. 3 v 1
B. 2 v 1
C. 4 v 1
D. 1 v 3
29. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 17. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in t hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 30 ht.
Hai nguyn t X, Y ln lt l:
A. Cl (Z=17); N (Z=7).
B. Br (Z=35); Cl (Z=17).
C. Al (Z=13); Fe (Z=26).
D. Br (Z=35); Ca (Z=20).
30. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c electron mc nng lng cao nht nm lp
electron th 3, trong nguyn t ca Y, s e nm phn lp s bng 2/3 s electron
nm phn lp p. nguyn t Y l:
A. S (Z = 16)
B. P (Z = 15)
C. Si (Z = 14)
D. Cl (Z =17)

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C. BI TP V NH
1. Lp N c bao nhiu phn lp electron?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
2. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t biu din:
A. Th t tng dn cc mc v phn mc nng lng ca cc e
B. S phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau
C. Th t gim dn cc mc v phn mc nng lng ca cc e
D. S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nguyn t
3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t M c 3 lp electron v c 5e lp ngoi cng. Vy M
thuc nguyn t:
A. Kim loi
B. Phi kim
C. Kh him
D. kim
4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Vy s hiu
nguyn t ca X l:
A. 19
B. 20
C. 24
D. 29
5. Tm pht biu sai trong s cc cu sau:
A. Cc e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau thuc cng mt lp e
B. Mi phn lp c chia thnh nhiu lp electron
C. Cc e trn cng mt phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau
D. S phn lp bng s th lp
6. Phn lp 3d c nhiu nht bao nhiu electron?
A. 30
B. 18
C. 14
D. 10
7. Trong nguyn t, cc electron ln lt chim cc mc nng lng
A. T thp n cao
B. T cao xung thp
C. Ty theo mi nguyn t
D. C A v B
8. Cho nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A, B, C, D, E, F ln lt c cu hnh e nh sau:
A: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
B: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
2
2
6
2
6
1
C: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
D: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
2
2
6
2
6
6
2
E: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
F: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3d6.
Cc nguyn t kim loi l:
A. A, D, F
B. B, C, E
C. C, E
D. A, B, C, E
9. S electron ti a trn lp N bng:
A. 4
B. 18
C. 18
D. 32
10. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c X = 29 l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2.
2
2
6
2
6
1
10
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
+
6
11. Cation M c phn lp e ngoi cng l 2p . Cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
C. 1s2 2s2 2p5
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
22
6
12. Anion X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 3p .
Cu hnh eletron ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p5.
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6.

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
13. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng cc electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s
electron lp ngoi cng l 6. Vy X l:
A. Oxi
B. Lu hunh
C. Flo
D. Clo
14. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 7 v nguyn t
ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in ca X l 8.
Vy X, Y l:
A. Al v Br
B. Al v Cl
C. Mg v Cl
D. Si v Br
15. Tng s cc ht c bn trong nguyn t X (p, e, n) l 58. Bit cc ht mang in gp
ht khng mang in l 1,9 ln. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5.
2
2
6
2
5
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p6
III. LUYN TP CHNG 1
1. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X: 2s2 2p3. S hiu nguyn t X l:

A. 5

B. 8

C. 10

2. Trong thin nhin Ag c hai ng v l:

109

109

Ag v

107

D. 7
Ag , bit phn trm khi lng

Ag l 56%. Tnh s khi ca ng v th hai. Bit nguyn t khi trung bnh ca

Ag l 107,88.
A. 109
B. 107
C. 106
D. 108
3. Chn cu pht biu sai:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n
B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn
D. S p bng s e
4. A,B l 2 nguyn t ng v. A c s khi bng 24 chim 60%, nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca hai ng v l 24,4. S khi ca ng v B l:
A. 26
B. 25
C. 23
D. 27
5. Chn cu pht biu ng:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n
B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn
D. A, C ng.
6. Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 c 2 ng v X v Y, bit tng
s khi l 128. S ng t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s khi ca X
v Y ln lt l
A. 65 v 67
B. 63 v 66
C. 64 v 66
D. 63 v 65
7. Nguyn t Bo c 2 ng v 11B (x1%) v 10B (x2%), nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo
l 10,8. Gi tr ca x1% l:
A. 80%
B. 20%
C. 10,8%
D. 89,2%
8. Trong t nhin Oxi c 3 ng v 16O (x1%) , 17O (x2%) , 18 O(4%), nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Oxi l 16,14. Phn trm ng v 16O v 17O ln lt l:
A. 35% & 61%
B. 90%&6%
C. 80%&16%
D. 25%& 71%

10

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
9. Nguyn t c 10n v s khi 19. vy s p l
A. 9
B. 10
C. 19
D. 28
10. Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e bng 40.Trong tng s ht mang in
nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 12 ht. S khi ca nguyn t X l:
A. 13
B. 40
C. 14
D. 27
11. Cacbon c hai ng v, chng khc nhau v:
A. Cu hnh electron.
B. S khi
C. S hiu nguyn t.
D. S proton
12. Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht l 18. ng v X2
c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng % cc ng v bng nhau v cc loi ht trong X1 cng
bng nhau. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l:
A. 15
B. 14
C. 12
D. p n khc l:....
13. Nguyn t S (Z = 16) nhn thm 2e th cu hnh e tng ng ca n l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
14. Nguyn t Na(Z = 11) b mt i 1e th cu hnh e tng ng ca n l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
15. Nguyn t K (Z = 19) c s lp electron l
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
16. Lp th 4 (n = 4) c s electron ti a l
A. 32
B. 16
C. 8
D. 50
17. Lp th 3 (n = 3) c s phn lp l
A. 7
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
27

18. S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm ( 13 Al ) ln lt l

A. 13 v 13.

B. 13 v 14.

C. 12 v 14.

D. 13 v 15.

19. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 3 lp e, lp ngoi cng c 3e. Vy s hiu nguyn t

ca nguyn t R l:
A. 3
B. 15
C. 14
D. 13
20. Nguyn t P (Z = 15) c s e lp ngoi cng l
A. 8
B. 4
C. 5
D. 7
21. Cu hnh e no sau y l ng:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 4s2
2
2
6
2
7
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s1
22. Tng s ht p, n, e ca mt nguyn t bng 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 33. S khi ca nguyn t
A. 108
B. 148
C. 188
D. 150
23. Tng s ht p, n, e ca mt nguyn t bng 40. l nguyn t ca nguyn t no
sau y?
A. Ca
B. Ba
C. Al
D. Fe

11

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
24. Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc th chng c cng c im no sau
y?
A. Cng e ho tr
B. Cng s lp electron
C. Cng s ht ntron
D. Cng s ht proton
25. Cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau: 10Ne, 18Ar, 36Kr c c im chung l
A. s lp electron bng nhau
B. s phn lp electron bng nhau
C. s electron nguyn t bng nhau
D. s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau
26. Nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e l 52 v s khi l 35. Cu hnh electron ca X l
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
2
2
6
2
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s2 3d10 5s2 4p3
27. Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v c phn trm s nguyn t ln lt l
99,6% 40 Ar , 0,063% 38 Ar , 0,337% 36 Ar . Th tch ca 20g Ar iu kin tiu
chun l :
A. 12,111 lt
B. 2,111 lt
C. 11,204 lt
D. 11,200 lt
28. Cho 5,85 gam mui NaX tc dng vi dd AgNO 3 d ta thu c 14,35 gam kt ta
trng. Nguyn t X c hai ng v 35X (x1%) v 37X (x2%). Vy gi tr ca x1% v
x2% ln lt l:
A. 25% & 75%
B. 75% & 25%
C. 65% & 35%
D. 35% & 65%
29. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p, n, e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23.
Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT
ca M2X l
A. K2O
B. Rb2O
C. Na2O
D. Li2O
30. Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi
cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe
rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A. 0,185 nm.
B. 0,196 nm.
C. 0,155 nm.
D. 0,168 nm.

12

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
CHNG 2: H THNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC NH LUT TUN HON
I. H THNG TUN HON.
A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Cho cc nguyn t: F(Z=9); Ne(Z =10), Mg(Z=12), Al(Z=13),
S(Z=16), Cl(Z=17); K(Z=19); V(Z=23); Cr(Z=24); Mn(Z=25); Fe(Z=26); Ni(Z=28);
Cu(Z=29); Zn(Z=30); Br(Z=35). Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trong BHTTH
Cu 2:
Hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau, thuc cng chu k
trong BTH. Tng in tch ht nhn ca A v B l 31. Xc nh tn nguyn t A v B.
Cu 3:
A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A v hai chu
k nh lin tip trong BHTTH. Tng s proton ca chng l 32. Xc nh s hiu
nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca A, B.
Cu 4:
X v Y l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong
h thng tun hon. Tng s khi ca chng l 51. S ntron ca Y ln hn X l 2 ht.
Trong nguyn t X, s electron bng vi s ntron. Xc nh v tr v vit cu hnh
electron ca X,Y.
Cu 5:
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X thuc nhm IIA, c tng s ht l
20.
a) Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca X trong bng h thng tun hon v gi
tn X.
b) Y c t hn X l 12 proton. Xc nh Y v hp cht to gia X v Y.
Cu 6:
Cho 0,78g mt kim loi kim X tc dng vi nc th c 0,224
lit kh thot ra kc. Hy cho bit tn kim loi X?
Cu 7:
Cho 0,48 g mt kim loi M thuc nhm IIA vo dd HCl d, th
sau phn ng thu c 0,448 lt kh hidro (kc) .Xc nh tn kim loi M
Cu 8:
Cho 12,8g hn hp hai kim loi thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhm
IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt hidro (ktc). Xc nh tn hai
kim loi ?
Cu 9:
Ho tan 5,6 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k
lin tip vo nc d, thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh hai kim loi ?
B. TRC NGHIM.
1. Trong bng tun hon, cc nguyn t ho hc c sp xp di nh sng ca
A.thuyt cu to nguyn t.
B. thuyt cu to phn t.
C. Thuyt cu to ho hc.
D. nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
2. Cc nguyn t ho hc trong bng tun hon c sp xp theo nguyn tc:
A. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp cng mt hng.
B. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct.
C. Cc nguyn t c sp theo theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
D. C A, B v C.
3. Cc nguyn t ho hc trong bng tun hon c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca
A.s ntron trong ht nhn.
B. s proton trong ht nhn.
C. s electron lp ngoi cng.
D. c B v C.

13

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
4. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc c bao nhiu chu k nh ?
A.1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
5. Nguyn t canxi (Z=20) thuc chu k
A.2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
6. Ch ra ni dung sai khi ni v cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm :
A. C tnh cht ho hc gn ging nhau.
B. Nguyn t ca chng c cu hnh electron tng t nhau.
C. Nguyn t ca chng c s electron ho tr bng nhau.
D. c sp xp thnh mt hng.
7. Khi cc nguyn t p gm cc nguyn t :
A. nhm IA v IIA.
B. nhm IIIA n nhm VIIIA (tr He).
C. nhm IB n nhm VIIIB.
D. xp hai hng cui bng.
8. S th t ca nhm A cho bit :
A.s hiu nguyn t.
B. s electron ho tr ca nguyn t.
C. s lp electron ca nguyn t.
D. s electron trong nguyn t.
9. Electron ho tr ca cc nguyn t nhm IA, IIA l cc electron
A.s
B. p
C. d
D. f
10. Nguyn t cc nguyn t chu k 4 c s lp electron l
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
11. S nguyn t trong chu k 2 v 4 ln lt l
A.18 v 8
B.8 v 8
C.8 v 18
D.18 v 18
12. Nguyn t c Z=8 thuc chu k no:
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.6
13. Nguyn t c Z=21 thuc nhm no?
A.IIIA
B.IIIB
C.IA
D.IB
14. Nguyn t c Z = 14 . S lp electron ca nguyn t nguyn t l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
15. 1 mol nguyn t X c cha 1,204.1025 electron. V tr ca X trong bng tun hon l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIB.
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA.
16. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p3. S electron ha tr ca
X l:
A.2
B.3
C.5
D.4
17. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, nhm VA. X c cu hnh electron nguyn t l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
2
2
5
C. 1s 2s 2p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
18. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 2, nhm IIIA. X c cu hnh electron nguyn t l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p3
C. 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s2
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
2
2
6
2
3
19. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . V tr ca X trong
BTH v X thuc nguyn t no?
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA, nguyn t kim loi
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA, nguyn t kim loi
C. Chu k 3, nhm VA, nguyn t phi kim

14

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
D. Chu k 3, nhm VA, nguyn t kim loi
20. Ion R+ c cu hnh electron nguyn t l: 1s2 2s2 2p6. V tr ca R trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IA,
B. Chu k 2, nhm VA
C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 2, nhm VIIIA
21. Cho cu hnh electron ca R2- l: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. V tr ca R trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IVA
22. X, Y thuc cng mt phn nhm A, 2 chu k lin tip nhau. Tng s hiu nguyn t
ca X, Y l 26. Hy cho bit X, Y thuc nhm no?
A. Nhm III
B. Nhm IV
C. Nhm V
D. Nhm VII
23. Nguyn t Z c cu hnh electron l [kh him](n-1)d 5ns1. V tr ca Z trong bng
tun hon l:
A. Chu k n, nhm VIB.
B. Chu k n, nhm VIA.
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIB.
D. Chu k n, nhm IA.
24. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht l 34, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 10. V tr ca X trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IVA
25. Hai nguyn t A v B cng mt nhm, thuc hai chu k nh lin tip nhau (Z A< ZB).
Vy ZB ZA bng:
A.1
B. 6
C. 8
D. 18
26. Hai nguyn t X, Y ng k tip nhau trong cng chu k thuc bng HTTH c tng
s in tch ht nhn l 25. S in tch ht nhn ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. 5 v 6
B. 7 v 8
C. 12 v 13
D. 11 v 12
27. A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip ca bng tun
hon. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B bng 30. hai nguyn
t l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. O v S
C. Na v K
D. N v Si.
28. Cho 3,9 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh
H2 (ktc). Kim loi l:
A. Mg
B. Li
C. Na
D. K
29. Cho 4,4g hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip v u thuc nhm IIA ca
bng tun hon tc dng vi axit HCl d th thu c 3,36dm 3 kh H2 ktc. Hai
kim loi l :
A. Mg v Ca
B. O v S
C. Na v K
D. N v Si.
30. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA
l 28. Nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ny l:
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21

15

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
C. BI TP V NH
1. Electron cui cng ca nguyn t M in vo phn lp 2p3. S electron ha tr l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 7
D.5
2. Mt nguyn t R c Z =17. V tr ca nguyn t R trong BTH l:
A. Chu k 3, nhm VA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA
C. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 5, nhm IIIA
3. Nguyn t nguyn t X c Z=16. V tr ca X trong BTH v X thuc nguyn t?
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIA, phi kim
B. Chu k 6, nhm IVA, phi kim
C. Chu k 4, nhm IVA, phi kim
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIA, kim loi
4. Nguyn t nguyn t X c Z=26. V tr ca X trong BTH v X thuc nguyn t?
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA, kim loi
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB, kim loi
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIA, kim loi
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB, phi kim
5. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2. V tr ca X
trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IVB
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIB
6. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2. V tr ca X
trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA,
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIB
7. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. V tr ca X trong
BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IVA,
B. Chu k 6, nhm IIIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
8. Ion Y2+ c phn lp electron ngoi cng 3d5. V tr ca Y trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm VA,
B. Chu k 4, nhm VB
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIB
9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht l 16. V tr ca R trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIA,
B. Chu k 3, nhm IVA
C. Chu k 2, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 2, nhm IA
10. Nguyn t ca nguyn t M c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d6. S
lp electron ca M
A.2
B.3
C.5
D.4
11. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t X l 3p4. V tr
ca X trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIA,
B. Chu k 3, nhm IVA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
12. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht l 115, s ht mang in nhiu
hn ht khng mang in l 25. V tr ca R trong BTH
A. Chu k 4, nhm VA,
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm VB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIB
13. Tng s cc loi ht trong ion R3- l 49. V tr ca R trong BTH

16

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Bi tp ha hc
10
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
B. Chu k 3, nhm VA
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
14. A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng chu k v nm trn 2 nhm A lin tip trong BTH.
Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn A, B l 29. V tr ca A, B trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IA, IIA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IVA, VA
C. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA, IVA
D. Chu k 3, nhm VA, VIA
15. A, B l 2 nguyn t ng cch nhau 1 nguyn t trong cng 1 chu k ca BTH. Tng
s proton trong 2 ht nhn A, B l 30. V tr ca A, B trong BTH
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA, VA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IA, IIIA
C. Chu k 3, nhm IVA, VIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IIA, IIIA
16. Hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng tun hon
c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 25. Hai nguyn t A v B l:
A. Na v Mg
C. Mg v Ca
B. Mg v Al
D. Na v K
17. Cho 0,2mol oxit ca nguyn t R thuc nhm III A tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl
d thu c 53,5g mui khan. R l:
A. Al
B. B
C. Br
D. Ca
18. Cho 8,8g hn hp 2 kim loi A, B ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu
c 6,72 lt kh H2 (kc). A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA.
A, B l cc nguyn t:
A. B, Al
B. B, Ga
C. Al, Ga
D. Ga, In
19. Mt nguyn t thuc nhm VIA c tng s ht proton, notron v electron trong
nguyn t bng 24. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t l
A. 1s2 2s2 2p4
B. 1s2 2s2 2p3
C. 1s2 2s2 2p5
D. 1s22s22p6
20. Hai nguyn t X v Y ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k c tng s proton trong 2
ht nhn nguyn t l 25. X v Y thuc chu k v cc nhm no sau y ?
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA, IIIA
B. Chu k 2, nhm IIIA, IVA
C. Chu k 2, nhm IIA, IIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IA, IIA

17

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Bi tp ha hc
10
II. S BIN I TUN HON - NGHA CA BHTTH.
A. T LUN
Cu 1:

1.1/ Cho cc nguyn t sau: Si(Z=14); P(Z=15); S(Z=16). Hy sp xp cc nguyn t

theo chiu gim dn tnh phi kim?
1.2/ Cho cc nguyn t sau: Na(Z=11); Mg(Z=12); Al(Z=13). Hy sp xp cc nguyn
t theo chiu tng dn tnh kim loi?
1.3/ Sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo chiu tng dn bn knh nguyn t: N(Z=7);
O(Z=8); F(Z=9); P(Z=15).
Cu 2:

2.1/ Nguyn t R thuc nhm IIA, to c oxit cao nht trong phn trm khi
lng ca R bng 60,0%. Xc nh nguyn t R.
2.2/ Nguyn t R thuc nhm A, to c oxit cao nht c cng thc RO 3. Trong hp
cht kh vi hiro phn trm khi lng ca R bng 94,12%. Xc nh nguyn t R
2.3/ Hp cht kh vi hidro ca nguyn t R thuc nhm IVA c cha 25% hidro v
khi lng.Xc nh nguyn t R?
2.4/ Mt nguyn t to hp cht kh vi hidro c cng thc RH 3.Nguyn t R chim
25,93% v khi lng trong oxit bc cao nht. Xc nh tn nguyn t R?
B. TRC NGHIM.
1. Trong mt chu k nh, i t tri sang phi th ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t
trong hp cht vi oxi:
A. tng ln lt t 1 n 4.
B. gim ln lt t 4 xung 1.
C. tng ln lt t 1 n 7.
D. tng ln lt t 1 n 8.
2. Trong mt chu k, t tri sang phi theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn
A. tnh baz v tnh axit ca cc hiroxit tng ng yu dn.
B. tnh baz v tnh axit ca cc hiroxit tng ng mnh dn.
C. cc hiroxit c tnh baz yu dn v tnh axit mnh dn.
D. cc hiroxit c tnh baz mnh dn, tnh axit yu dn.
3. Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht, cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht to nn
t cc nguyn t :
A. bin i lin tc theo chiu tng ca khi lng nguyn t.
B. bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca khi lng nguyn t.
C. bin i lin tc theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
D. bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
4. Tnh cht khng bin i tun hon ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon l :
A. Bn knh nguyn t, m in.
B. S electron trong nguyn t, s lp electron.
C. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t.
D. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc nguyn t.
5. Bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng tun hon, khng suy ra c :
A. tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim.
B. cng thc oxit cao nht, hp cht vi hiro.
C. bn knh nguyn t, m in.

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Bi tp ha hc
10
D. tnh axit, baz ca cc hiroxit tng ng ca chng.
6. Cho nguyn t c Z = 17, n c ho tr cao nht vi oxi l :
A.3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 8
7. Nguyn t X c Z = 15, hp cht ca n vi hiro c cng thc ho hc dng:
A.HX
B. H2X
C. H3X
D. H4X
8. Cp nguyn t ho hc no sau y c tnh cht ho hc ging nhau nht?
A.Na, Mg
B. Na, K
C. K, Ag
D. Mg, Al
9. S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon khng cho bit
A. s proton trong ht nhn.
B. s electron trong nguyn t.
C. s ntron.
D. s th t ca chu k, nhm.
10. Cho cc nguyn t X,Y,Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 9 , 14 , 17. Nu sp xp
cc nguyn t theo th t m in tng dn th dy sp xp no sau y l ng ?
A.X<Z<Y
B.X < Y < Z
C.Y < X < Z
D. Y<Z<X
11. Dy sp xp cc cht theo chiu tnh baz tng dn :
A. NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Si(OH)4. B. Si(OH)4, Al(OH)3, NaOH, Mg(OH)2.
C. Mg(OH)2, NaOH, Si(OH)4, Al(OH)3. D. Si(OH)4, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH.
12. Dy sp xp cc cht theo chiu tnh axit tng dn :
A. H4SiO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4.
B. H2SO4, H3PO4, HClO4, H4SiO4.
C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H4SiO4.
D. H3PO4, HClO4, H4SiO4, H2SO4.
13. Dy sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu bn knh nguyn t gim dn l:
A. 53I, 35Br, 17Cl, 9F. B. 35Br, 17Cl, 53I, 9F. C. 9F, 17Cl, 35Br, 53I. D. 53I, 17Cl, 35Br, 9F.
14. Nguyn t nguyn t no trong nhm VIIA c bn knh nguyn t ln nht ?
A.Flo.
B. Atatin.
C. Iot.
D. Clo.
15. Trong 20 nguyn t u tin ca bng tun hon, c bao nhiu nguyn t kh him?
A.2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
16. Mt nguyn t R c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p1. Cng thc oxt cao nht
ca R l :
A. R2O5
B. R2O3
C. R3O2
D. R2O
17. Oxit cao nht 1 nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO3. Nguyn t R thuc nhm:
A. Nhm IIIA
B. Nhm IA
C. Nhm IVA
D. Nhm VIA
18. Oxitcao nht ca mt nguyn t c cng thc X 2O5. Hp cht kh ca X vi hidro c
cha 17,647% H v khi lng. K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X trong bng tun
hon l:
A. B
B. C
C. N
D. O.
19. Hp cht kh ca nguyn t R vi hidro c dng RH2. Thnh phn theo khi lng
ca R trong oxit cao nht ca n chim 40%. Tn nguyn t R l:
A. Oxi
B. Clo
C. Lu Hunh
D. Brom.
20. R l nguyn t thuc nhm IIA. Oxit cao nht ca R c phn t khi l 153.
Nguyn t khi ca R l:
A. M=137
B. M=121
C. M=61
D. M=40

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10
C. BI TP V NH

Bi tp ha hc

1. Nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t l s bin i

tun hon
A. ca in tch ht nhn.
B. ca s hiu nguyn t.
C. cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t.
D. cu trc lp v electron ca nguyn t.
2. Nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng
mt nhm A l s ging nhau v
A. s lp electron trong nguyn t.
B. s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t.
C. s electron trong nguyn t.
D. C A, B, C.
3. Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th :
A. tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn.
C. tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim u gim dn.
D. tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim u tng dn.
4. Ch ra ni dung ng, khi ni v s bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong cng
chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn :
A.Tnh kim loi tng dn.
B. Tnh phi kim tng dn.
C. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
D. S lp electron trong nguyn t tng dn.
5. Cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th :
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn.
B. tnh kim loi gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.
C. tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim ng thi tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim ng thi gim dn.
6. Dy nguyn t no sau y sp xp theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn ?
A.I, Br, Cl, F.
B. C, Si, P, N.
C. C, N, O, F.
D. Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
7. Dy no khng c xp theo quy lut tnh kim loi tng dn ?
A.Li, Na, K, Rb.
B. F, Cl, Br, I.
C. Al, Mg, Na, K. D. B, C, N, O.
8. Nguyn t phi kim mnh nht l :
A.Oxi.
B. Flo.
C. Clo.
D. Nit
9. Dy nguyn t c xp theo chiu m in gim dn l :
A.C, N, O, F.
B. F, Cl, Br, I.
C. Li, Na, K, Rb. D. Cl, S, P, Si.
10. Nguyn t c tnh cht ho hc tng t canxi :
A.Na
B. K
C. Ba
D. Al
11. Trong mt chu k, khi i t tri sang phi, bn knh nguyn t gim dn do:
A. in tch ht nhn v s lp electron tng dn.
B. in tch ht nhn tng dn v s lp electron gim dn.
C. in tch ht nhn tng dn v s lp electron khng i.
D. in tch ht nhn v s lp electron khng i

20

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Bi tp ha hc
10
12. Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t R (nhm A) c cng thc RH 2, oxit bc cao nht
ca R cha 60% oxi v khi lng. R l
A. Mg.
B. Ca.
C. S.
D. Se.
13. Mt nguyn t R thuc nhm VII A trong oxit cao nht khi lng ca oxi chim
61,2%. Nguyn t R l:
A. Flo
B. Clo
C. It
D. Brm
14. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t c cng thc tng qut l R 2O5, hp cht ca n vi
hydro c thnh phn khi lng : %R = 82,35% ; %H = 17,65%. Nguyn t R l :
A. nit
B. photpho
C. asen
D. antimon
15. Hp cht kh vi hydro ca 1 nguyn t c cng thc tng qut l RH 4, oxit cao nht
ca nguyn t ny cha 53,3% oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t l
A. silic
B. cacbon
C. ch
D. thic
LUYN TP CHNG 2
1. Trong cng mt chu k , theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn :

A. tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn.

B. tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn.
C. ha tr cao nht i vi oxi tng dn.
D. ha tr ca nguyn t phi kim i vi hidro khng i.
Chn cu ng.
2. Nguyn t s l :
A. Nguyn t m nguyn t c electron in vo phn lp s.
B. Nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng in vo phn lp s.
C. Nguyn t m nguyn t c s electron lp ngoi cng l 2 electron.
D. Nguyn t m nguyn t c t 1 n 6 electron trn lp ngoi cng .
3. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t no trong chu k 4 l nguyn t phi kim?
A. 20
B. 26.
C. 30.
D. 35.
4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c m in ln nht?
A. Oxi.
B. Flo.
C. Nit.
D. Bo.
5. Trong chu k 3, nguyn t c bn knh ln nht l :
A. Clo.
B. Argon.
C. Natri.
D. Magie.
6. Nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi kim c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :
A. ns2 np1
B. ns2 np3
C. ns2
D. ns1.
2
2
6
2
6
7. Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron nh sau : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d5 4s1.V tr ca X
trong bng tun hon l :
A. 25, chu k 3, nhm IA.
B. 24, chu k 4, nhm VIB.
C. 23, chu k 4, nhm VIA.
D. 24, chu k 4, nhm VB.
8. Mt nguyn t c cu hnh electron nguyn t l 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. V tr ca
nguyn t trong bng tun hon l :
A. Nhm IIIA ; chu k 3.
B. Nhm IA ; chu k 3.
C. Nhm IIA ; chu k 6.
D. Nhm IIA ; chu k 7.

21

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Bi tp ha hc
10
9. Nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 8. V tr ca n guyn t X
trong BTH l:
A. Chu k 3, nhm IVB.
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VA.
D. Chu k 3, nhm IVA.
10. Cho 4 axit : H2SiO3 , HClO4 , H2SO4 , H3PO4 . Hy chn axit mnh nht :
A. H2SiO3 .
B. H2SO4.
C. HClO4.
D. H3PO4.
11. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, nguyn t X nhm IIA, nguyn t Y
nhm VA. Cng thc ca hp cht to thnh 2 nguyn t trn c dng l
A. X3Y2
B. X2Y3
C. X5Y2
D. X2Y5.
12. Hy cho bit cc i lng no sau y ca cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo
chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn:
A. S lp electron.
B. S electron lp ngoi cng.
C. Nguyn t khi.
D. S electron trong nguyn t.
13. Cho nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c Z=15. Tn ca nguyn t Y l:
A. Kali
B. Brom
C. Clo
D. Phtpho.
14. Hai nguyn t X, Y ng k tip nhau trong cng chu k thuc bng HTTH c tng
s in tch ht nhn l 25. S in tch ht nhn ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. 5 v 6
B. 7 v 8
C. 12 v 13
D. 11 v 12
15. Mt nguyn t ho hc X chu k 3, nhm VA. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X
l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p3 C. 1s22s22p63s23p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p4
16. Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh?
A. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2.
B. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
C. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
D. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
17. Nguyn t v tr no trong bng tun hon c cc electron ho tr l 3d34s2?
A. Chu k 4, nhm VB
B. Chu k 4, nhm VA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
18. Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron ho tr l 3d 104s1. Trong bng tun hon, v tr ca
X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm IB
B. chu k 4, nhm VIB
C. chu k 4, nhm VIA
D. chu k 4, nhm IA
19. Cho 9,6 gam kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra
5,376 lt kh H2 ( ktc). kim loi l
A. Be
B. Mg
C. Sr
D. Ca
20. Ho tan hon ton 0,3g hn hp hai kim loi X v Y hai chu k lin tip ca nhm
IA vo nc th thu c 0,224 lt kh hidro iu kin tiu chun. Hai kim loi X v
Y ln lt l :
A. Li v Na
B. K v Rb
C. Rb v Cs
D. Na v K
21. Cho 2 nguyn t X v Y cng nhm thuc 2 chu k nh lin tip nhau v c tng s n
v in tch ht nhn l 18. Hai nguyn t X, Y l:
A. Natri v Mag
B. Natri v nhm.
C. Bo v Nhm D. Bo v Magi

22

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Bi tp ha hc
10
22. Hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng tun hon
c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 25. Vy A v B l:
A. Na v Mg
B. Mg v Ca
C. Mg v Al
D. Na v K
23. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht
mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8
ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t:
A. Al v P.
B. Na v Cl.
C. Fe v Cl.
D. Al v Cl.
24. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 23p4. Cng thc oxit cao nht v
cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro ca R l:
A. RO3, RH3.
B. RO, RH6.
C. RO3, RH2
D. RH4, RO2.
25. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns 2np4. Trong hp
cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi
lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l :
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.

23

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10

Bi tp ha hc

Chng 3 : LIN KT HA HC.

I. LIN KT ION
A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Vit phng trnh to thnh cc ion t cc nguyn t tng
ng: K+ ; N3 ; O2 ; Cl ; S2 ; Al3+ ; P3; Fe2+ ; Fe3+. Tnh s ht c bn trong tng ion,
gii thch v s in tch ca mi ion.
Cu 2:
Vit phng trnh phn ng c s di chuyn electron khi :
a) Kali tc dng vi kh clo.
b) Magie tc dng vi kh oxy.
c) Natri tc dng vi lu hunh.
d) Nhm tc dng vi kh oxy.
e) Canxi tc dng vi lu hunh.
f) Magie tc dng vi kh clo.
Cu 3:
Vit cu hnh ca cc ion to nn t cc nguyn t sau v nu
tn kh him c cu hnh ging vi cu hnh cc ion :
a) Be , Li, Al.
b) Ca , K , Cl , S.
Cu 4:
Cho 5 nguyn t : 2311 Na; 2412 Mg; 147 N; 168 O; 1735 Cl.
a) Vit cu hnh electron ca chng. D on xu hng nhng hoc nhn electron
ca cc nguyn t trong cc phn ng ha hc.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca Na+, Mg2+, N3, Cl, O2.
c) Vit s hnh thnh lin kt ion trong: Na2O ; MgCl2 ; Al2O3.
Cu 5:
Vit cu hnh ca nguyn t v ion to thnh tng ng ca cc
nguyn t sau :
a) Ngt A chu k 3 , nhm IIIA.
b) Ngt B chu k 2 , nhm VA.
c) Ngt C chu k 4 , nhm VIIA.
d) Ngt D chu k 3 , nhm VIA.
e) Ngt A th 33.
f) Ngt F c tng s ht c bn l 113 v nhm VI.
Cu 6:
Tnh s ht electron trong cc ion sau : NO 3 ; SO42 ; CO32 ;
+

NH4 ; OH .
Cu 7:
Cation M2+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 4p6.
a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t M. Cho bit v tr ca M trong HTTH. Gi tn M.
b) Anion X3 c cu hnh electron ging ca cation M2+, X l nguyn t no?
Cu 8:
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c Z= 20, nguyn t ca nguyn t
Y c Z=17. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X v Y v hy cho bit loi lin kt
g to thnh trong phn t hp cht ca X v Y? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh
ha.
B.TRC NGHIM
1.
Trong cc phn ng ha hc, nguyn t kim loi c khuynh hng :
A. Nhn thm electron.
B. Nhng bt electron.
C. Nhn hay nhng electron ph thuc vo tng p c th.
D. Nhn hay nhng electron ph thuc vo tng kim loi c th.
2.
Chn pht biu sai v ion :
A. Ion l phn t mang in.
B. Ion m gi l cation , ion dng gi l anion.
C. Ion c th chia thnh ion n nguyn t v ion a nguyn t.

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Bi tp ha hc
10
D. Ion c hnh thnh khi nguyn t nhng hay nhn electron.
3.
Ion no sau y l ion a nguyn t
A.Li+
B.Na+
C.Mg2+
D.SO4256
2
4.
S electron trong cation 26 Fe bng:
A.26
B.24
C.30
D.56
5.
Nguyn t kh him no sau y c cu hnh electron ging O2A.He
B.Ne
C.Ar
D.Kr
2

+
3+
2+

6.
Cho cc ion : Na , Al , SO4 , NO3 , Ca , NH 4 , Cl . Hi c bao nhiu cation ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
7.
Cc nguyn t chu k 2 c th to thnh cation n nguyn t :
A. Li , Be ,B , C , N.
B. Li , Be , C , N , O.
C. Li , Be.
D. N , O , F , Ne.
8.
Phng trnh biu din s hnh thnh anion S2A. S 2e S 2
B. S S 2 2e
C. S 2 2e S
D. S 2 S 2e
+
9.
Chn cu ng: Khi hnh thnh ion K :
A. Nguyn t kali nhng mt electron ho tr phn lp 3s1 t c cu hnh
electron bo ho ca nguyn t kh him ngay sau n.
B. Nguyn t kali nhng mt electron t c cu hnh electron bo ho ca
nguyn t kh him ngay trc n.
C. Nguyn t kali nhng mt electron phn lp 1s2 t c cu hnh
electron bo ho ca nguyn t kh him ngay sau n.
D. Nguyn t kali nhn thm 5 electron t c cu hnh electron bo ho ca
nguyn t kh him ngay sau n.
10.
Cu hnh electron ca ion Ca2+ l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
+
11.
Trong ion Na
A. S electron nhiu hn s proton.
B. S proton nhiu hn s electron.
C. S electron bng s proton.
D. S electron bng hai ln s proton
12.
Trong p : 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl , c s hnh thnh :
A. cation Natri v Clorua.
B. anion Natri v cation Clorua.
C. anion Natri v Clorua.
D. cation Natri v anion Clorua.
13.
Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bi :
A. S gp chung cc electron c thn.
B. S cho nhn cp electron ha tr.
C. Lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch tri du.
D. Lc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng v electron t do.
14.
Lin kt ha hc trong NaCl c hnh thnh l do :
A. hai ht nhn nguyn t ht electron rt mnh.
B. mi nguyn t Na , Cl gp chung 1 electron.
C. mi nguyn t nhng hoc thu electron tr thnh cc ion tri du ht nhau.
D. Na Na+ + 1e ; Cl + 1e Cl ; Na+ + Cl NaCl.

25

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
15.
Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau to thnh phn t :
A. chuyn sang trng thi c nng lng thp hn.
B. c cu hnh electron ca kh him
C. c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2e hoc 8e
D. chuyn sang trng thi c nng lng cao hn.
16.
Dy cht no sau y c lin kt ion:
A. NaCl, H2O, KCl, CsF
B. KF, NaCl, NH3, HCl
C. NaCl, KCl, KF, CsF
D. CH4, SO2, NaCl, KF
17.
Cation R+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p 6. Lin kt gia nguyn t nguyn
t R vi oxi thuc loi lin kt g?
A. Lin kt CHT.
B. Lin kt ion.
C. Lin kt CHT c cc.
D. Lin kt chonhn
18.
Nguyn t Mg(Z=12) c kh nng lin kt vi my nguyn t Cl(Z=17)
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
19.
Nguyn t X thuc nhm IA v nguyn t Y thuc nhm IIA. Cng thc hp cht
to bi X v Y l
A. XY2.
B. X2Y.
C. XY.
D. X2Y3.
20.
Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca ion M3+ l:
A. [Ar]3d6
B. [Ar]3d5
C. [Ar]3d64s2
D. [Ar]4s23d3
C. BI TP V NH
1.
Trong cc phn ng ha hc , nguyn t phi kim c khuynh hng :
A. Nhn thm electron.
B. Nhng bt electron.
C. Nhn hay nhng electron ph thuc vo tng p c th.
D. Nhn hay nhng electron ph thuc vo tng kim loi c th.
2.
Ion no sau y l ion n nguyn t?
A.Al3+
B.OHC.NH4+
D.ClO35

3.
S proton trong anion 17 Cl bng:
A.17
B.35
C.18
D.36
4.
S ntron trong cation 2040Ca 2 bng:
A.18
B.22
C.20
D.40
5.
Hp cht no sau y c cha ion a nguyn t?
A.K2SO4
B.KCl
C.HCl
D.MgCl2
6.
Nguyn t kh him no sau y c cu hnh electron ging Li +
A.He
B.Ne
C.Ar
D.Kr
7.
Cho nguyn t Kali (Z = 19). Cu hnh electron ca ion K+ l:
A. 1s22s22p63s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
2
2
6
2
6
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s22s22p63s23p2
8.
S electron ca cation no sau y ging vi cation Mg2+
A.Na+
B.Al3+
C.Ca2+
D.C A v B

26

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
9.
Lin kt gia nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm IA v nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm
VIIA thuc loi lin kt?
A.Cng ha tr
B.Ion
C.CHT c cc
D.CHT khng cc
10.
Nguyn t Ca(Z=20) c kh nng lin kt vi my nguyn t O(Z=8)
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
11.
Cu hnh electron ca ion O2- l:
A.1s2 2s2 2p6
B.1s2 2s2 2p4
C.1s2 2s2 2p3
D.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
+
12.
Cation R c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p 6. Cu hnh electron
nguyn t ca R:
A.1s2 2s2 2p6
B.1s2 2s2 2p4
C.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
D.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
13.
Hp cht no sau y cha lin kt ion?
A. CaO
B. H2O
C. CH4
D. HCl
14.
Cho 2 nguyn t X (Z=12) v Y (Z=8). Cng thc hp cht to thnh t X v Y l:
A. XY2
B. X2Y
C. XY
D. X2Y3
15.
Cho cc nguyn t sau : Mg (Z=12), O (Z=8), Cl (Z=17), K (Z=19). Phng trnh
biu din s hnh thnh ion no sau y khng ng:
A. Mg Mg2+ + 2e
B. O + 2e O2

C. Cl Cl + 1e
D. K K+ + 1e

II. LIN KT CNG HA TR

A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Vit cng thc electron v CTCT ca cc phn t sau : Br 2;
NH3; C2H6; HBr ; C3H6 ; H2S; C3H4 ; C2H6O; HCl; H2SO4. Xc nh ha tr ca cc
nguyn t.
Cu 2:
Vit CTCT ca cc phn t sau y v sp xp theo chiu tng
dn phn cc lin kt: CH4 ; NH3 ; H2O ; HCl.
Cu 3:
Hai ngt X, Y c:
Tng s in tch ht nhn bng 15.
Hiu s in tch ht nhn bng 1.
a) Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong bng HTTH.
b) Vit cng thc electron v CTCT ca hp cht to thnh bi X , Y v hydro .
Cu 4:
Da vo m in, hy nu bn cht lin kt trong cc phn
t : Cl2 , CaO, CsF, H2O, HBr .
Cu 5:
Sp xp cc phn t sau y theo chiu tng dn phn cc
ca lin kt trong phn t (s dng gi tr m in trong bng tun hon): NH 3, H2,
H2O, H2S, CsCl, CaS, BaF2 ; Na2O ; MgO ; Al2O3 ; SO3 ; Cl2O7.
B. TRC NGHIM
1. Chn pht biu ng nht : lin kt CHT l lin kt :
A. gia cc phi kim vi nhau.
B. trong cp electron chung b lch v mt nguyn t.
C. c hnh thnh do s dng chung e ca hai nguyn t khc nhau.
D. c hnh thnh gia hai nguyn t bng cc cp electron chung

27

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
2. Hy chn pht biu ng :
A. Trong lin kt CHT , cp electron lch v pha nguyn t c m in nh hn.
B. Lin kt CHT c cc c to thnh gia hai nguyn t c hiu m in t 0,4 n
nh hn 1,7.
C. Lin kt CHT khng cc c to nn t cc nguyn t khc hn nhau v tnh cht
ha hc
D. Hiu m in gia hai nguyn t ln th phn t phn cc yu
3. Ch ra pht biu sai v phn t CO2 :
A. Phn t c cu to gc.
B. Lin kt gia nguyn t O v C l phn cc.
C. Phn t CO2 khng phn cc.
D. Trong phn t c hai lin kt i.
4. Lin kt c to thnh gia hai nguyn t bng mt hay nhiu cp electron chung,
gi l :
A. Lin kt ion.
B. Lin kt CHT.
C. Lin kt kin loi.
D. Lin kt hiro.
5. Trong phn t no ch tn ti lin kt n ?
A. N2
B. O2
C. F2
D. CO2.
6. Cho cc phn t : H2 ; CO2 ; Cl2 ; N2 ; I2 ; C2H4 ; C2H2 . C bao nhiu phn t c lin
kt ba trong phn t ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
7. Trong phn t NH4Cl c bao nhiu lin kt CHT ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
8. Cho X(Z=9),Y(Z= 19). Kiu lin kt ha hc gia X v Y l :
A. ion.
B. CHT c cc.
C. CHT khng cc. D.cho-nhn.
9. Cho dy oxit sau : Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, P2O5, Cl2O7. Cc hp cht c lin kt CHT
khng phn cc l:
A. Cl2O7
B. Al2O3, P2O5
C. MgO, P2O5
D. Na2O, SO3
10. Dy cht no sau y c lin kt CHT phn cc:
A. H2 , H2O , CH4 , NH3.
B. NaCl , PH3 , HBr , H2S.
C. CH4 , H2O , NH3 , Cl2O.
D. H2O, NH3 , CO2 , CCl4.
11. Kiu lin kt trong KCl, N2, NH3 ln lt l:
A. ion, CHT khng cc, CHT khng cc. B. ion, CHT c cc, CHT khng cc
C. ion, CHT c cc, CHT c cc.
D. ion, CHT khng cc, CHT c cc
12. Cho cc hp cht LiCl, NaF, CCl4, KBr. Hp cht c lin kt CHT l :
A. LiCl
B. NaF
C. CCl4
D. KBr
13. Cho cc hp cht HCl, CsF, H2O, NH3. Hp cht khng c lin kt CHT l :
A. HCl
B. CsF
C. H2O
D. NH3
14. Cng thc cu to no vit sai ( 1H; 6C ; 7N ; 8O ; 17Cl) :
A. H-Cl-O
B. O=C=O
C. H-CN
D. NN.
15. Phn t NH3 c kiu lin kt :
A. CHT
B. CHT phn cc C. ion
D. cho nhn.

28

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
C. BI TP V NH
1. Bit N(Z=7), trong phn t N2, t cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him gn
nht, mi nguyn t nit phi gp chung bao nhiu electron?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
2. Chn cu ng:
A. Cc cht c lin kt CHT u dn in
B. Cc cht c lin kt CHT khng dn in mi trng thi
C. Cc cht c lin kt CHT ch tn ti trng thi rn
D. Cc cht c lin kt CHT ch tn ti trng thi lng
3. Cng thc electron ca phn t NH3 l:

:H
A. H : N

:H
B. H : N

C.

H:N :H

:H
D. H : N

4. m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho

A. kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt ha hc

B. kh nng nhng electron ca nguyn t cho nguyn t khc
C. kh nng tham gia phn ng mnh hay yu ca nguyn t
D. kh nng nhng proton ca nguyn t cho nguyn t khc
5. Trong phn t HCl, cp electron dng chung gia hai nguyn t:
A. chnh gia khong cch gia hai nguyn t.
B. Lch v pha nguyn t hiro.
C. Lch v pha nguyn t clo.
D. Lch hn v pha nguyn t clo to thnh ion H+ v ion Cl.
6. Lin kt ho hc trong phn t hp cht ca nguyn t phi kim vi hiro l:
A. Lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc B. Lin kt cng ho tr phn cc.
C. Lin kt ion.
D. Lin kt kim loi.
7. Trong phn t s c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc nu cp electron chung:
A. gia hai nguyn t.
B. Lch v mt pha ca mt nguyn t.
C. Chuyn hn v mt nguyn t.
D.Nhng hn v mt nguyn t.
8. Hon thnh ni dung sau : Ni chung, cc cht ch c .. khng dn
in mi trng thi.
A. lin kt cng ho tr
B. Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
C. Lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc
D.lin kt ion
9. Lin kt no c th c coi l trng hp ring ca lin kt cng ho tr?
A. Lin kt cng ho tr c cc.
B. Lin kt ion.
C. Lin kt kim loi.
D.Lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc.
10. Cho cc phn t : H2, CO2, HCl, Cl2, CH4. C bao nhiu phn t c cc?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D. 4
11. Trong phn t CO c :
A. 1 lin i.
B. 1 lin kt CHT C. 1 lin kt ba.
D. 2 lin kt CHT

29

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
12. Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t l ns 2 np5. Lin kt ca nguyn t ny vi
hiro thuc loi lin kt no?
A. Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
B. Lin kt cng ha tr.
C. Lin kt ion.
D. Lin kt chonhn.
13. X, A l nhng nguyn t c s n v in tch ht nhn l: 9, 19. Cng thc hp
cht to bi gia X v A:
A. AX
B. AX2
C. XA2
D. AX3
14. Nguyn t nguyn t X(Z=15), cng thc phn t ca X vi oxi v hidro ln lt l:
A. X2O5 v XH3
B. X2O v XH5
C. X2O3 v XH5
D. X2O v XH2
15. Phn t no di y c lin kt cng ha tr phn cc ?
A. HCl
B. H2
C. K2O
D. KCl

III. HA TR V S OXI HA
A. T LUN
Cu 1:
Xc nh s oxi ha ca lu hunh, clo, mangan, hidro trong
cc cht :
a) H2S , S , H2SO3 , SO3 , H2SO4 , Al2(SO4)3 , SO42 , HSO4.
b) HCl , HClO, NaClO2 , KClO3 , Cl2O7 , ClO4, Cl2, Cl2O5, Cl2O, Cl2O3.
c) Mn , MnCl2 , MnO2 , KMnO4 , H2MnO2 , MnSO4 , Mn2O, MnO4.
d) HCl, HF, H2O, CH4, NaH, KH, MgH2, CaH2, CsH
e) Na2O, CaO, Al2O3, H2O2, F2O
f) NH3; N2H4 ; NH4NO4; HNO2 ; NH4+ ; N2O; NO2; N2O3; N2O5; NO3.
Cu 2:
Tnh s oxi ha ca kim loi trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Cu(NO3)2; KNO3; Fe(NO3)3; AgNO3; Al(NO3)3; Mg(NO3)2; Zn(NO3)2.
b) FeSO4; Fe2(SO4)3; CuSO4; ZnSO4; Al2(SO4)3; MgSO4; Ag2SO4.
c) FeCl2; CuCl2; FeCl3; ZnCl2; MnCl2; MgCl2; AgCl.

B. TRC NGHIM
1. Ha tr trong hp cht ion gi l :

A. in ha tr.

B. Cng ha tr.

C. S oxi ha.

D. in tch ion.

2. Chn cu sai : Trong tt c cc hp cht th :

A. S oxi ha ca H lun bng +1(tr cc hp cht c bit).

B. S oxi ha ca kim loi kim lun bng +1.
C. S oxi ha ca kim loi kim th lun bng +2.
D. S oxi ha ca nguyn t nhm VIIA lun bng 1.
3. Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr gi l :
A. Cng ha tr
B. Lin kt ion
C. in ha tr
D. S oxi ha
4. Cng ha tr v s oxi ha ca cacbon trong hp cht CH4 l:
A.4, -4
B.4,+4
C.-4,-4
D.+4,-4
5. S oxi ha ca Fe trong ion Fe2+ bng:
A.+2
B.2+
C.0
D.2
6. S oxi ho ca Mn trong cc n cht, hp cht v ion sau y : Mn , MnO 2 , MnCl2,
MnO4 ln lt l :

30

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
A. +2 , 2 , 4 , +8. B. 0 , +2 , +4 , +7. C. 0 , 2 , 4 , 7. D. 0 , +2 , 4 , 7.
7. S oxi ha ca nit trong NH4+, NO2- v HNO3 ln lt l:
A. +5, -3, +3
B. +3, -3, +5
C. -3, +3, +5
D. +3, +5, -3
8. S oxi ha ca Mn, Fe trong Fe3+, S trong SO3, P trong PO43- ln lt l:
A. 0, +3, +6, +5
B. +3, +5, 0, +6
C. 0, +3, +5, +6
D. +5, +6, +3, 0
9. Cho cc cht v ion sau: NH 4+, NH3, NO3, N2O5, N2O, NO, NO2, NO2. S oxi ho
ca nit trong cc cht v ion trn c sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau:
A. NH4+ < N2 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO2 < NO3
.
B. NH3 < N2 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO2 < NO3.
C. NH4+ < N2 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO2 < N2O5.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
10. S oxi ha ca Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al trong cc cht v ion: FeS 2, Cu2S, MnO4, Cr2O72,
AlO2 ln lt l:
A. +3, +2, +7, +6, +3.
B. +2, +1, +7, +6, +3.
C. +2, +1, +7, +7, +3.
D. +2, +2, +7, +6, +3.
11. S oxi ha ca N, O, S, Cl, Br, Kr, Mn trong cc cht v ion: NH 4+, CH3COOH,
SO42, Cl2, KBrO3, K2Cr2O7, K2MnO4 ln lt l:
A. +3, 2, +4, 0, +5, +6, +7.
B. 3, 0, +6, 0, +3, +7, +7.
C. 3, 2, +6, 0, +5, +6, +6.
D. 3, 2,+4, 0, +7, +6, +7.
12. S oxi ha ca kim loi trong cc hp cht LiBr, NaCl, KI, MgCl 2, CaO, BaF2 ln
lt l:
A.+1,+1,+1,+2,+2,+2
B.+1,+1,-1,-2,+2,+2,-1
C.-1,+1,-1,+2, -2,-1
D. -1,-1,-1,+2,+2,+2
13. Cho mt s hp cht ca nguyn t lu hunh : H2S, H2SO3, H2SO4, NaHS, Na2SO3,
SO3, K2S, SO2. Cc nhm cht trong lu hunh c cng s oxi ho l:
A. Nhm 1: H2S,NaHS v K2S; Nhm 2: H2SO3,Na2SO3 v SO2; Nhm 3:H2SO4,SO3.
B. Nhm 1 : H2SO3 , H2SO4 , Na2SO3 , SO3 , SO2; Nhm 2 : K2S, H2S, NaHS.
C. Nhm 1 : H2SO3 , H2SO4 , Na2SO3; Nhm 2 : SO3, SO2; Nhm 3 : K2S, H2S, NaHS
D. Nhm 1 : H2S, H2SO3, H2SO4; Nhm 2 : SO2 , SO3; Nhm 3 : K2S, NaHS, Na2SO3.
14. Cho cc cht sau : HCl, HClO, HClO3 , NaClO, NaClO4. S oxi ho ca clo trong
cc cht ln lt bng:
A. 1 ; +1 ; +5 ; +1 ; +7.
B. 1 ; +1 ; +3 ; +1 ; +5.
C. 1 ; 1 ; +5 ; +1 ; +7.
D.1 ; +1 ; +7 ; +1 ; +5.
15. Cho mt s hp cht ca nguyn t nit: NO,N2O,NO2,HNO3,NaNO2,KNO3,NH3.
a) Cc cht trong nit c s oxi ho m l:
A. NO, N2O, NO2 , NH3.
B. NH3.
C. HNO3 , NaNO2 , KNO3 , NH3.
D. NaNO2 , KNO3 , NH3.
b) Cc cht trong nit c s oxi ho dng l:
A. NO, N2O, NO2, NH3.
B. NO, N2O, NO2, HNO3, NaNO2, KNO3 .
C. HNO3, NaNO2 , KNO3 , NH3.
D. Na3N, NaNO2 , KNO3, NH3.

31

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
C. BI TP V NH
1. in ha tr ca cc nguyn t O, S (thuc nhm VIA) trong cc hp cht vi cc
nguyn t nhm IA u l:
A.2B.2+
C.6+
D.4+
2. S oxi ha ca nguyn t S trong NaSO3 bng:
A.+3
B.+4
C.+5
D.+6
3. in ha tr ca cc nguyn t nhm VIA, VIIA trong cc hp cht vi natri c gi
tr:
A.-2 v -1
B.2- v 1C.6+ v 7+
D.+6 v+7
4. S oxi ha ca nit trong HNO3 bng:
A.+3
B.+4
C.+5
D.+6
5. S oxi ha ca Mn trong trong cc n cht, hp cht v ion sau y: Mn, MnO,
MnCl4, MnO4- ln lt l:
A.+2,-2,-4,+8
B.0,+2,+4,+7
C.0,-2,-4,-7
D.0,+2,-4,-7
6. Cng ha tr ca cacbon trong phn t CH4 bng:
A.+4
B.4
C.+1
D.1
7. Trong hp cht KF, K c in ha tr bng:
A.+1
B.1+
C.-1
D.1
8. S oxi ha ca Cr trong hp cht K2Cr2O7 bng:
A.+6
B.+7
C.-7
D.-6
9. S oxi ha cao nht ca S trong hp cht (hoc ion) no sau y?
A.SO32B.SO42C.H2S
D.SO2
10. Cng ho tr ca nit trong hp cht no sau y l ln nht?
A. N2
B. NH3
C. NH4Cl
D. NO
IV. LUYN TP CHNG 3
Cho bit m in ca O (3,44); Cl(3,16). Lin kt trong phn t Cl 2O7; Cl2; O2 l
lin kt:
A.Va lin kt ion, va lin kt CHT
B.Ion
C.Cng ha tr c cc
D.Cng ha tr khng cc
2. in ha tr ca Na, Mg, Al trong NaCl, MgO, Al 2O3
A.+1;+2;+3
B.-1;-2;+3
C.-1;+2;+3
D.1+;2+;3+
3. Cng ha tr ca C, N trong NH4; NH3 ln lt l:
A.2; 4
B.4; 3
C.3; 3
D.1; 4
24. S oxi ha ca S trong S ; H2SO4 ln lt l:
A. -2; +6
B. 2-; +6
C.+2; +6
D.0; +6
5. Cng thc cu to ng ca CO2 l:
A.O=C=O
B.O=C-O
C. O C O
D.O-C-O
Cng
ha
tr
ca
oxi,
nit
trong
H
O,
N
l:
2
2
6.
A.2; 3
B.4; 2
C.3; 2
D.1; 3
1.

32

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
7. Bit m in ca Na(0,93); Mg(1,31); Al(1,61); O93,44). Lin kt trong phn t
Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 l:
A.Cng ha tr c cc
B.Lin kt ion
C.Lin kt kim loi
D.Cng ha tr khng cc
8. S oxi ha ca clo trong cc hp cht: NaClO3; Cl2O; NaCl ln lt l:
A.+5;+2;+1
B.+5;+1;+1
C.+6;+2;-1
D.+5;+1;-1
+
9. S oxi ha ca nit trong NH4 ; NO ln lt l:
A.-4;-2
B.-3;-1
C.+4;+2
D.-3;+2
10. Cng ha tr ca nit, hidro trong phn t NH3 bng:
A.+3 v 1
B.3 v 1
C.4 v 1
D.+4 v +1
11. phn t no sau y, nit c ho tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s oxi ho bng nhau?
A. N2
B. NH3
C. NH4Cl
D. HNO3
12. in ha tr ca Ca, F trong CaF2 ln lt l:
A.+2;+1
B.2+;1C.2+;2D.2-;1+
13. S oxi ho ca lu hunh trong mt loi hp cht H2S2O7 l:
A.+7
B.-12
C.+5
D.+6.
14. Cp cht no sau y u c lin kt ion:
A.NaCl; CaO
B.HCl; CO2
C.KCl; CO2
D.MgCl2; F2O
15. Lin kt CHT c cc to thnh gia 2 nguyn t:
A.Phi kim khc nhau
B.Cng mt phi kim in hnh
C.Phi kim mnh v kim loi mnh
D.Kim loi
16. Loi lin kt trong phn t HCl l lin kt:
A.Cho nhn
B.Cng ha tr c cc
C.Cng ha tr khng cc
D.Ion
17. Chn cu sai:
A.Ha tr trong hp cht ion gi in ha tr
B.in ha tr bng s cp e dng chung
C.Ha tr trong hp cht cng ha tr gi l cng ha tr
D.Cng ha tr bng s cp e dng chung
18. Phn t no c lin kt CHT khng cc?
A.HCl
B.Cl2
C.NH3
D.H2O
19. Lin kt trong hp cht no sau y phn cc mnh nht?
A.H2O
B.NH3
C.CH4
D.HF
Dy
cht
no
cho
di
y
u
c
lin
kt
CHT
khng
cc?
20.
A.N2, CO2, Cl2, H2
B.N2, Cl2, H2, HCl C.N2, HI, Cl2, CH4 D.Cl2, O2, N2, F2
21. Khi cp electron dng chung lch pha mt nguyn t, ngi ta gi lin kt l:
A.Lin kt ion
B.Lin kt CHT
C.Lin kt CHT khng cc
D.Lin kt CHT c cc
3
ln lt l:
22. S oxi ha ca kim loi Mn, Fe trong FeCl 3, S trong SO3, P trong PO4
A. 0, +3 , +6 , +5.
B. 0, +3 , +5 , +6. C. +3 , +5 , 0 , +6. D. +5 , +6 , +3 , 0.
23. S oxi ho ca Mn trong hp cht KMnO 4 l :
A. +1
B. 1
C. 5
D. +7.
24. S oxi ho ca clo trong hp cht HClO 3 l :

33

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
A. +1
B. 2
C. +6
D. +5.

S
oxi
ho
ca
N
trong
NO
,
NO
,
NH
ln
lt
l
:
2
3
3
25.
A. 3 , +3 , +5.
B. +3 , 3 , 5.
C. +3 , +5 , 3.
D. +4 , +6 , +3.
2
2
26. S oxi ho ca S trong H2S , SO2 , SO3 , SO4 ln lt l :
A. 0 , +4, +3 , +8.
B. 2 , +4 , +6 , +8. C. 2 , +4 , +4 , +6. D. +2 , +4 , +8 , +10.
27. Cho cc phn t: H 2S(1) , H2O(2) , CaS(3) , NaCl(4) , NH 3(5) , NF 3(6). phn cc
ca cc lin kt tng dn theo th t no sau y
A. (1),(6),(5),(2),(3),(4)
B. (1),(5),(6),(2),(3),(4)
C. (1),(3),(6),(2),(5),(4)
D. (1),(4),(6),(2),(3),(5)
Cho
2
nguyn
t
X
v
Y
l
2
nguyn
t
nhm
A. X thuc nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm
28.
VA. Hp cht to bi X v Y c cng thc n gin nht dng :
A. X2Y3
B.X2Y5
C. X5Y2
D. X3Y2.
29. M l nguyn t thuc nhm IIA,X l nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA. Trong oxit cao
nht M chim 71,43% khi lng, X chim 38,8% khi lng. Lin kt gia M v X
thuc loi lin kt no?
A. C lin kt ion v lin kt CHT.
B. Lin kt CHT.
C. Lin kt ion.
D. Lin kt chonhn
Dy
cc
cht
no
ch
cha
lin
kt
n?
30.
A. C2H4 ; C2H6.
B. CH4 ; C2H6.
C. C2H4 ; C2H2.
D. CH4 ; C2H2.

34

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
CHNG 4: PHN NG OXI HA KH
I. PHN NG OXI HA KH - PHN LOI PHN NG HA V C
A.T LUN
Cu 1:
Cn bng phn ng bng phng php thng bng electron, ch
r cht kh, cht oxi ha:
1.1/ Loi khng c mi trng
(1) Fe 2 O 3 +Al

(2) P KClO
3

Fe +Al 2O 3

(3) Cl 2 +H 2S + H 2 O HCl +H 2SO 4

(4) H 2SO 4 H 2S S H 2O

1.2/ Loi c mi trng

(1) Mg+ HNO3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NO + H 2O
(2)

Cu + H 2SO 4 CuSO 4 + SO 2 + H 2O

(3)

FeO HNO 3 Fe(NO 3 )3 NO H 2O

(4)

Zn + HNO 3 Zn NO 3 2 + NH 4 NO 3 + H 2 O

(5)

Al + H 2SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 )3 + S + H 2 O

(6)

Fe+H 2SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 SO 2 H 2 O

(7)

Al+HNO3 Al(NO 3 )3 +N 2 O+H 2O

(8)

MnO 2 +HCl Cl 2 +MnCl 2 +H 2O

(9)

K 2Cr2O 7 +HCl KCl+CrCl 3 +Cl 2 +H 2O

(10) KMnO 4 HCl MnCl 2 Cl 2 KCl H 2O

1.3/ Loi t oxi ho kh
(1) KOH Cl 2 KClO KCl H 2O
(2) KOH Cl

P2 O5 KCl

KClO KClO 3 H 2O

1.4/ Loi phc tp

(1) FeS2 O 2 SO 2 Fe 2 O 3

(2) FeS HNO 3 Fe NO 3 3 NO H 2SO 4 H 2O

(3) Cu 2S HNO 3 Cu NO 3 2 CuSO 4 NO 2 H 2O

1.5/ Loi c h s bng ch:

(1) M HNO 3 M NO 3 n N 2O

H 2O

(2) Fe x O y +HNO 3 Fe NO 3 3 NO H 2 O

(3) Fe HNO 3 Fe NO 3 3 N x O y H 2O

35

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

10

Bi tp ha hc

(4) Fe x O y H 2SO 4 Fe 2 SO 4 3 SO 2 H 2O
Cho 4,8 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long d, thu
Cu 2:
c V lt NO duy nht (kc), mui Mg(NO3)2 v nc. Tnh gi tr V?
Cho m gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu
Cu 3:
c 0,896 lt kh NO2 duy nht (kc), mui Fe2(NO3)3 v H2O. Tnh gi tr m?
Ho tan 4,05 gam Al vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d, thu
Cu 4:
c kh NO2 duy nht, mui nhm sunfat v nc. Tnh khi lng mui thu c
sau phn ng.
Cho phn ng: KMnO4+ SO2 + H2O MnSO4+ K2SO4+
Cu 5:
H2SO4. Cho 5,6l kh SO2 ( ktc) tc dng vi dd KMnO4 2M. Tnh th tch dd
KMnO4 cn cho phn ng trn.
Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe trong dd HNO3 ( C % = 6,3%) va thu
Cu 6:
c V lit NO duy nht (ktc), mui Fe(NO3)3 v H2O. Tnh khi lng dd HNO3
cn dng v th tch kh thu c?
Cho phn ng: MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O. Tnh
Cu 7:
th tch dd HCl 2M cn iu ch 2,24 lt kh Clo (kc)
B. TRC NGHIM
1. Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng lun xy ra ng thi s oxi ho v s kh.
B. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca tt c
cc nguyn t.
C. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong xy ra s trao i electron gia cc
cht.
D. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s
nguyn t
2. Trong cc phn ng sau, Phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh
A. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O
B. N2O5 + H2O 2HNO3
0
C. 2HNO3 + 3H2S 3S + 2NO + 4H2O D. 2Fe(OH)3 t
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
3. Cho cc phn ng sau, Phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh?
0
0
A. 2HgO
2Hg + O2
B. CaCO3
CaO + CO2
t
t
0

t
C. 2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 + 3H2O
D.2NaHCO
Na2CO3+CO2+H2O
3
t
4. Trong phn ng sau, cht no l cht oxi ha? Cht no l cht kh?
2Na + S Na2S
A.Cht kh: Na; cht oxi ha: S
B.Cht kh: S; cht oxi ha: Na
C.Cht kh: Na; cht oxi ha: Na2S
D.Cht kh: S; cht oxi ha: Na2S
5. Trong phn ng: Zn + CuCl2 ZnCl2 + Cu. ng (II) clorua
A. b kh
B. va b oxi ha va b kh
C. b oxi ha
D. khng b oxi ha, khng b kh
6. Cho phng trnh phn ng: SO2 + Br2 +2H2O 2HBr H2SO4. Vai tr ca SO2 l:

36

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
A.Cht oxi ha
B.Cht kh
C.Va l cht kh va l cht oxi ha
D.va l cht oxi ha va l cht to mi trng
7. Trong phn ng MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O, vai tr ca HCl l cht:
A. oxi ha.
B. kh.
C. to mi trng. D. kh v mi trng.
8. Cho bit trong phn ng sau: 4HNO3c nng + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O.
HNO3 ng vai tr l:
A. cht oxi ha.
B. Axit.
C. mi trng.
D. C A v C.
9. Trong phn ng sau y: 6KOH + 3Cl2 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O.
A. Cl2 l cht kh.
B. Cl2 va l cht kh va l cht oxi ha.
C. Cl2 l cht oxi ha.
D. Cl2 khng phi l cht oxi ha hay kh.
10. Cho phng trnh phn ng: 2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O. Chn pht biu sai:
A. Phn ng trn l phn ng oxi ha kh B.H2S l cht kh, O2 l cht oxi ha
C.SO2 l cht kh, H2O l cht oxi ha
D.H2S b O2 oxi ha thnh SO2
11. Cho cc phn ng sau, phn ng no NH3 khng ng vai tr cht kh?
A. 4NH3 + 5O2

t0
xt

NO + 6H2O

B. 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl

0
C. 2NH3 + 3CuO
3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
t
D. 2NH3 + H2O2 + MnSO4 MnO2 + (NH4)2SO4
12. Trong phn ng: 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO; NO2 ng vai tr
A.l cht oxi ha
B.l cht kh
C.l cht oxi ha, nhng ng thi cng l cht kh
D.khng l cht oxi ha v cng khng l cht kh
13. Trong phn ng oxi ha kh, qu trnh oxi ha l qu trnh:
A. Thu electron
B. Nhng electron C. Kt hp vi oxi D. Kh b oxi
14. Qu trnh: Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ biu din qu trnh no sau y?
A. Qu trnh oxi ha
B. Qu trnh kh
C. Qu trnh ha tan
D.Qu trnh phn hy
o
t
15. Trong phn ng: 2Na + Cl
2NaCl, cc nguyn t Na
2
A. b oxi ha
B. b kh
C. va b oxi ha va b kh
D. khng b oxi ha, khng b kh
16. Phn ng ha hc: Cl 2 + 2KBr Br2 +2KCl nguyn t clo:
A. Ch b kh
B. Ch b oxi ha
C. Va b oxi ha va b kh
D. Khng b oxi ha, khng b kh
17. Tng h s nguyn, ti gin ca phn ng sau: Cu + HNO3Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
A. 10
B. 11
C. 20
D. 22
18. Cho s phn ng sau: H2S + KMnO4 + H2SO4 (l) H2O + S + MnSO4 + K2SO4
H s ca cc cht tham gia phn ng trong PTHH ca phn ng trn ln lt l:

37

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
A.3, 2, 5
B.5, 2, 3
C.2, 2, 5
D.5, 2, 4
19. Cho phn ng sau: Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + S + H2O. Cn bng phn ng v cho
bit t l : n Al : n H2 O l:
A. 1: 1
B. 6 : 1
C. 2 : 1
D. 1 : 2
o
t
20. Cho phn ng: Al + HNO 3(long) Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H 2O. T l ti gin
ca Al v HNO3 trong phn ng trn l :
A.

8
30

B.

4
15

21. Cho s phn ng: H2SO4 + Fe

C.

8
11

D.

4
7

Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O + SO2; S phn t

H2SO4 b kh v s phn t H 2SO4 to mui sau khi cn bng phng trnh phn ng
ln lt l:
A. 6 v 3.
B. 3 v 6
C. 3 v 3
D. 6 v 6.
22. Cho phn ng: M2Ox + HNO3 M(NO3)3 +
Phn ng trn thuc loi phn ng trao i khi x c gi tr l bao nhiu?
A.1
B.2
C.1 hoc 2
D.3
23. Loi phn ng ho hc no sau y lun lun l phn ng oxi ha-kh
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th
D. Phn ng trung ho
24. Loi phn ng ho hc no sau y lun lun khng phi l phn ng oxi ho-kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th
D. Phn ng trao i
25. Phn ng gia cc loi cht no sau y lun lun l phn ng oxi ha kh ?
A. oxit phi kim v baz.
B. oxit kim loi v axit.
C. kim loi v phi kim.
D. oxit kim loi v oxit phi kim.
26. Cho m gam Al phn ng ht vi dd HNO 3 thu c Al(NO3)3; 2,24 lt (ktc) kh
NO v H2O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,7 g
B. 5,4 g
C. 8,1 g
D. 10,8 g
27. Ha tan ht 23,2gam Fe 3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng d th thu c mui Fe 2(SO4)3, V
lt (kc) kh SO2 v nc. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,12
B. 2,24
C. 0,56
D. 4,48
28. Cho dd K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi HCl c thu c cc sn phm bao gm Cl2, CrCl3,
KCl v H2O. Tnh th tch dd HCl 1M cn dng tc dng va vi 2,94 gam
K2Cr2O7?
A. 100ml
B. 140ml
C. 70ml
D. 280ml
29. Cho 0,1 mol Zn v 0,2 mol Ag tc dng hon ton vi HNO 3 m c to ra
Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3, H2O v V lit kh NO2(ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96
B. 17,92
C. 4,48
D. 2,24
30. Cho m gam Cu phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh NO v NO2 c t khi i vi H2 l 19. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,6 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 2,56 gam.
D. 8 gam.

38

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
C. BI TP V NH
1. Trong phn ng oxi ha kh, s kh l:
A.s thu electron
B.s nhng electron
C.s kt hp vi oxi
D.s kh b oxi
2. Phn ng nhit phn mui thuc phn ng
A. oxi ha kh.
B. khng oxi ha kh.
C. oxi ha kh hoc khng.
D. thun nghch.
3. S bin i no sau y l s kh?
A. Fe Fe2+ + 2e B. Fe Fe3+ + 3e C. Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ D. Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
4. Cho phn ng: Ca + Cl2 CaCl2. Trong phn ng ny nguyn t canxi:
A. Va b oxi ha, va b kh.
B. Khng b oxi ha, khng b kh.
C. B oxi ha.
D. B kh.
5. Phn ng no SO2 th hin tnh oxi ho?
A. 2SO2 + O2 2SO3
B. SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3
C. SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O
D. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 +2HBr.
6. Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng?
A. Khi mt cht oxi ha tip xc vi mt cht kh phi xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh
B. Trong cc phn ng ha hc, kim loi ch th hin tnh kh
C. Mt cht ch c th th hin tnh kh, hoc ch th hin tnh oxi ha
D. S oxi ha ca mt nguyn t bao gi cng l mt s dng
7. Xt phn ng MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)3 + NO + H2O, iu kin no ca x v y
phn ng ny l phn ng oxi ha kh ?
A. x = y = 1.
B. x = 2, y = 1
C. x = 2, y = 3. D. x = 1 hoc 2, y = 1.
8. Tng h s t lng ti gin ca phn ng: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + N2 + H2O l:
A. 24
B. 25
C. 26
D. 27
9. Cn bng phn ng vi h s nguyn v ti gin phn ng sau: FeO + HNO 3
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O. T l
A. 2:10

nFeO
nHNO3

B. 10:3

l:
C. 3:4

D. 3:10

10. Cho s phn ng:Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O. Sau khi cn bng, h

s ca phn t cc cht l phng n no sau y?

A. 3, 14, 9, 1, 7.
B. 3, 28, 9, 1, 14.
C. 3, 26, 9, 2, 13.
D. 2, 28, 6, 1, 14.
11. H s cn bng ca Cu2S v HNO3 trong phn ng:
Cu2S + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O l
A. 3 v 22.
B. 3 v 18.
C. 3 v 10.
D. 3 v 12.
12. Ha tan hon ton 2,4g kim loi Mg vo dung dch HNO 3 long, gi s ch thu c
V lt kh N2 duy nht (ktc), mui Mg(NO3)2 v nc. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,672 lt.
B. 6,72lt.
C. 0,448 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
13. Ho tan m gam kim loi Fe trong dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng d thu c 16,8 lt
(kc) kh SO2, Fe2(SO4)3 v nc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,4
B. 28
C. 56
D. 14

39

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
14. Ha tan 4,59g Al bng dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi
hi i vi hiro bng 16,75. Th tch NO v N2O thu c ktc l:
A. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt.
B. 2,016 lt v 0,672 lt.
C. 0,672 lt v 2,016 lt.
D. 1,972 lt v 0,448 lt.
15. Cho 1,84g hn hp Cu v Fe ha tan ht trong dung dch HNO 3 to thnh 0,01 mol
NO v 0,04 mol NO2. s mol Fe v Cu theo th t l
A. 0,02 v 0,03.
B. 0,01 v 0,02.
C. 0,01 v 0,03.
D. 0,02 v 0,04.
II. LUYN TP CHNG 4
1. Phn ng no di y thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh?
A. 4Na + O2 2Na2O
B.Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
C. NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
D. Na2CO3+2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
2. Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh?
A. Fe + HCl FeCl2 + H2
B. FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
C. 2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
D. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
3. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:
A. Cc phn ng ha hp u l phn ng oxi ha kh
B. Cc phn ng phn hy u khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh
C. Cc phn ng th c th l phn ng oxi ha kh, c th khng l phn ng oxi ha
kh
D. Cc phn ng trao i u khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh
4. Trong phn ng oxi ha kh
A. cht b oxi ha nhn electron v cht b kh cho electron.
B. qu trnh oxi ha v kh xy ra ng thi.
C. cht cha nguyn t s oxi ha cc i lun l cht kh.
D. qu trnh nhn electron gi l qu trnh oxi ha.
5. Cht kh l cht
A. cho electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
B. cho electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
C. nhn electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
D. nhn electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
6. Cht oxi ho l cht
A. cho electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
B. cho electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
C. nhn electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
D. nhn electron, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
7. Trong phn ng phn hy di y phn ng no khng phi l p oxi ha-kh?
A. 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
B. 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
B. 4KClO3 3KClO4 KCl
D. 4KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
8. Cho phn ng: Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2. Chn pht biu sai:
A. Zn l cht b oxi ha
B. Zn l cht kh
C.HCl l cht kh
D.Zn kh H+ thnh H2
9. Cho phn ng sau: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 . Vai tr ca H2O l:

40

Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Bi tp ha hc
10
A. Cht kh
B. Va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ha.
C. Cht oxi ha
D. Khng l cht kh, khng l cht oxi ha
10. Trong phn ng 6KI + 2KMnO4 +4H2O 3I2 + 2MnO2 + 8KOH, cht b oxi ha l
A. I-.
B. MnO4-.
C. H2O.
D. KMnO4.
11. Trong phn ng: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. H s cn bng ca cht
oxi ha bng:
A. 4
B.10
C. 1
D.8
12. Cho phn ng: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O. H s ti gin cht
kh v cht oxi ha ln lt bng:
A. 4 v 10
B.3 v 8
C.4 v 8
D.3 v 6
13. Tng h s cn bng (ti gin) ca phn ng sau: Al + HNO 3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O +
H2O l:
A.30
B.38
C.64
D.61
14. Cho phn ng: FexOy + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O. H s cn bng ca axit
bng:
A.3x 2y
B.6x 2y
C.2x
D.6x + 2y
15. Cho phn ng sau: 3FeO + 10HNO 3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O. S phn t HNO3
ng vai tr lm mi trng l:
A.1
B.10
C.9
D.8
16. Cho phn ng: KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O.
H s ca cht oxi ha v cht kh trong phn ng trn ln lt l:
A. 5 v 2.
B. 1 v 5.
C. 2 v 5.
D. 5 v 1.
17. Cho s phn ng:Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O. Sau khi cn bng, h
s ca phn t cc cht ln lt l:
A. 3, 14, 9, 1, 7.
B. 3, 28, 9, 1, 14. C. 3, 26, 9, 2, 13.
D. 2, 28, 6, 1, 14.
18. Cho phn ng: MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O. Cn bng phn ng v cho
bit t l S phn t HCl l mi trng v tng s phn t HCl phn ng l:
A. 1:4
B.1:2
C. 2:1
D. 4:1
19. Cho m gam Fe phn ng ht vi dd H 2SO4 c, nng d thu c Fe 2(SO4)3; 6,72 lt
(ktc) kh SO2 v H2O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,6g
B. 8,4 g
C. 22,4 g
D. 11,2 g
20. Cho m gam Al phn ng ht vi dd HNO 3 thu cAl(NO3)3; 2,24 lt (ktc) kh NO
; 6,72 lt (ktc)kh NO2 v H2O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,7 g
B. 5,4 g
C. 8,1 g
D. 10,8 g

41