Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By Prof. H.P.Sudarshan
Sri Siddhartha Institute Of Tech,
Tumkur
B
(1)
12
L
2EI
2B A
MBA FBA
L
wL2 4EI
B
( 2)
12
L
In the above equations there is only one unknown B .
To solve we have boundary condition at B;
Since B is simply supported, the BM at B is zero
ie. MBA=0.
From equation (2) MBA
wL2 4EI
B 0
12
L
wL3
EIB
- ve sign indicates the rotation is anticlockw ise
48
Substituting the value of EIB in equation (1) and (2) we have end moments
wL2 2 wL3
wL2
- ve sign indicates moment is anticlockw ise
12 L 48
8
wL2 4 wL3
0
12 L 48
MAB
MBA
Now consider the free body diagram of the beam and find reactions using
equations of equilibrium.
MB 0
R A L MAB wL
L
2
wL2
L
5
wL wL
8
2
8
5
R A wL
8
V 0
R A RB wL
RB wL R A wL
3
wL
8
5
wL
8
3
L from support B
8
3
3
w 3
MX wL L
L
8
8
2 8
9
wL2
128
3
X2
wLX w
0
8
2
3
X L
4
MX
Example: Analyze two span continuous beam ABC by slope deflection method.
Then draw Bending moment & Shear force diagram. Take EI constant
44.44KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 42 2
88.89KNM
L2
62
wL2
20 52
41.67KNM
12
12
wL2 20 52
41.67KNM
12
12
FAB
FBA
FBC
FCB
Since A is fixed A 0 , B 0, C 0,
Slope deflection equations are:
2EI
2 A B
L
2EI
44.44
B
6
1
44.44 EI B
3
2EI
2B A
MBA FBA
L
2EI 2B
88.89
6
2
88.89 EIB
3
MAB FAB
(1)
( 2)
2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C
41.67
5
4
2
41.67 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2EI
2C B
41.67
5
4EI
2
41.67
C EIB
5
5
MBC FBC
(3 )
( 4)
In all the above four equations there are only two unknown B and C . And
accordingly the boundary conditions are
-MBA-MBC=0
MBA+MBC=0
ii
MCB=0
Rotation anticlockwise.
EI C = 41.67
Rotation anticlockwise.
4
20.83 2 41.67 75.00 KNM
5
5
2
4
MCB = + 41.67+ 20.83 41.67 0
5
5
MBC = 41.67+
MA = 0
RB6 = 1004+75-51.38
RB = 70.60 KN
V = 0
RA+RB = 100KN
RA = 100-70.60=29.40 KN
Span BC:
MC = 0
5
RB5 = 205 +75
2
RB = 65 KN
V=0
Max BM:
Span AB: Max BM in span AB occurs under point load and can be found
geometrically
Mmax=113.33-51.38 -
35
=1.75m
20
1.75 2
= 30.625 KNM
2
Example: Analyze continuous beam ABCD by slope deflection method and then
draw bending moment diagram. Take EI constant.
Solution:
A 0, B 0, C 0
Wab 2
100 4 22
- 44.44 KN M
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 42 2
FBA
88.88 KNM
L2
62
F AB
FEMS
wL2
20 5 2
F BC
- 41.67 KNM
12
12
wL2
20 5 2
F CB
41.67 KNM
12
12
FCD 20 1.5 - 30 KN M
MBA FBA
2EI
2A B 44.44 1 EIB
L
3
2EI
2B A 88.89 2 EIB
L
3
- - - - - - - -- 1
- - - - - - - -- 2
2EI
2B C 41.67 4 EIB 2 EIC
L
5
5
- - - - - - - - 3
2EI
2C B 41.67 4 EIC 2 EIB
L
5
5
MCD 30 KNM
- - - - - - - - 4
MBC FBC
MCB FCB
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
2
4
2
EIB 41.67 EIB EIC
3
5
5
22
2
47.22
EIB EIC 0
15
5
4
2
EIC EIB 30
5
5
2
4
11.67 EIB EIC
5
5
- - - - - - - - 5
Rotation @ B clockwise
Span AB
RB 6 100 4 67.11 61
RB 67.69 KN
R A 100 RB 32.31 KN
Span BC
5
RC 5 20 5 30 67.11
2
RC 42.58 KN
RB 20 5 RB 57.42 KN
Max 133.33 61
4 68.26 KNM
6
42.58
2.13 m
20
2.13 2
Mmax 42.58 2.13 20
30 15.26 KN M
2
Solution:
In this problem A =0, B 0, C 0, =15mm
FEMs:
FAB
FBA
Wab 2
44.44 KNM
L2
Wa 2 b
88.89 KNM
L2
wL2
41.67 KNM
8
wL2
41.67 KNM
8
FBC
FCB
L2
6 200
15
105 120 10 6
6 KNM
2
6
1000
mab mba
L2
6 200
15
105 120 10 6
8.64KNM
2
5
1000
Slope deflection equation
mbc mcb
2EI
3
(2 A B )
L
L
EI
6EI
F AB 2 A B 2
L
L
1
- 44.44 EIB 6
3
1
50.44 EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBA FBA
(2B A ) 2
L
L
2
88.89 EIB 6
3
2
82.89 EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBC FBC
(2B C ) 2
L
L
2
- 41.67 EI2B C 8.64
5
4
2
33.03 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
6EI
MCB FCB
(2C B ) 2
L
L
2
41.67 EI2C B 8.64
5
4
2
50.31 EIC EIB
5
5
MCD 30 KNM
MAB F AB
- - - - - - - -- 1
- - - - - - - -- 2
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5
There are only two unknown rotations B and C . Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
Consider the free body diagram of continuous beam for finding reactions
Reactions:
Span AB:
RB 6 = 100 x 4 + 61.99 60.89
RB = 66.85
RA = 100 RB
=33.15 KN
Span BC:
RB 5 = 20 x 5 x
RB = 56.40 KN
RC = 20 x 5 - RB
=43.60 KN
5
+ 61.99 30
2
Example: Three span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and continuous over
B, C and D. The beam subjected to loads as shown. Analyse the beam by slope
deflection method and draw bending moment and shear force diagram.
Solution:
Since end A is fixed A 0, B 0, c 0, D 0
FEMs:
Wl
60 4
- 30 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FBA
30 KNM
8
8
M
FBC 12.5 KNM
4
M
FCB 12.5 KNM
4
wl2
10 42
FCD
- 13.3 3 KNM
12
12
wl2
10 42
FDC
13.33 KNM
12
12
F AB
- - - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - -- 2
2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C
12.5
4
12.5 EIB 0.5EIC
2EI
2 C B
MCB F CB
L
2EI
2 C B
12.5
4
12.5 EIC 0.5 EIB
2EI
2 C D
MCD F CD
L
2EI
2 C D
- 13.33
4
13.33 EI C 0.5EI D
- - - - - - - - - - 5
2EI
2D C
L
2EI
2D C
13.33
4
13.33 0.5EI C EI D
- - - - - - - - - - 6
MBC F BC
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
MDC F DC
MBA MBC 0
ii MCB MCD 0
iii MDC 0
Now
( hinged)
MBA MBC 0
30 EIB 12.5 EIB 0.5EIC 0
2EIB 0.5EIC 42.5 0
MCB MBC 0
12.5 EIC 0.5EIB 13.33 EIC 0.5EID 0
0.5EIB 2EIC 0.5EID 0.83 0
MDC 0
13.33 0.5EIC EID 0
8
9
EI B 24.04
EI C 11.15
EI D 18.90
By substituting the values of B , c and D in respective equations we get
Beam AB:
60 2 5.96 42.02
20.985 KN
4
R A 60 RB 30.015 KN
RB
Beam BC:
11.63 50 5.96
13.92 KN
4
RB RC 13.92 KN RB is downward
RC
Beam CD:
10 4 2 11.63
17.09 KN
4
RC 10 4 RD 22.91 KN
RD
Example: Analyse the continuous beam shown using slope deflection method.
Then draw bending moment and shear force diagram.
wl2
10 82
- 53.33 KNM
12
12
wl2
FBA
53.33 KNM
12
Wl
30 6
FBC
- 22.50 KNM
8
8
WL
FCD
22.50 KNM
8
F AB
M AB F AB
2EI
2B A
L
2E 3I
2B 0
53.33
8
3
53.33 EIB
2
- - - - - - - - 1
MBA F BA
- - - - - - - - 2
2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C
- 22.5
6
4
2
- 22.5 EIB EIC
3
3
MBC F BC
2EI
2 C B
L
2E2I
2 C B
22.5
6
4
2
22.5 EIC EIB
3
3
- - - - - - - - 3
MCB F CB
- - - - - - - - 4
In the above equation there are two unknown B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are:
i MBA MBC 24 0
ii MCB 0
3
4
2
EIB 22.5 EIB EIC 24
2
3
3
17
2
54.83
EIB EIC 0
5
6
3
4
2
EIC EIB 0
3
3
2
1
EIC 11.25 EIB
3
3
- - - - - - - - - -- (6)
3
1
11.25 17.432
2
3
EIC
Substituting EIB 17.432 and EIC 8.159 in the slope deflection equation
we get Final Moments:
3
MAB 53.33 - 17.432 -66.40 KNM
4
3
MBA 53.33 17.432 27.18 KNM
2
4
17.432 2 8.159 51.18 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB 22.5 8.159 ( 17.432) 0.00
3
3
MBC 22.5
Span AB:
27.18 66.40 10 8 4
35.13 KN
8
R A 10 8 RB 44.87 KN
RB
Span BC:
51.18 30 3
23.53 KN
6
RC 30 RB 6.47 KN
RB
Max BM
Span AB: Max BM occurs where SF=0, consider SF equation with A as origin
S x 44.87 - 10x 0
x 4.487 m
4.487 2
M max 44.87 4.487 10
64 36.67 KNM
2
Span BC: Max BM occurs under point load
51.18
BC Mmax 45
19.41 KN M
2
wl2
20 42
26.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
FCB
26.67 KNM
12
FBC
- - - - - - - -- 1
- - - - - - - -- 2
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
In the above equation there are two unknowns B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB 12 0
Now, MBA MBC 2EIB 26.67
3
3
EIB EIC
2
4
7
3
EIB EIC 26.67 0
2
4
3
3
and, MCB 12 26.67 EIC EIB 12
2
4
3
3
38.67 EIB EIC 0
4
2
From (5) and (6)
7
3
EIB EIC 26.67 0
2
4
3
3
EIB EIC 19.33 0
8
4
- - - - - - - -- (5)
- - - - - - - -- (6)
25
EIB 46 0
8
EIB 46
8
14.72
25
From (6)
2
3
38.67 14.72
3
4
33.14
- ve sign indicates rotation anticlockw ise
EIC
Span AB:
14.72 29.44
11.04 KN
4
R A RB 11.04 KN
RB
Span BC:
29.44 12 20 4 2
50.36 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 29.64 KN
RB
Example: Analyse the simple frame shown in figure. End A is fixed and ends B &
C are hinged. Draw the bending moment diagram.
Solution:
In this problem A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0,
FEMS:-
FAB
FBA
FBC
FCB
FCD
FDB
Wab 2
120 2 42
106.67 KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
120 22 4
53.33 KNM
L2
62
wl2
20 42
26.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
20 42
26.67 KNM
12
12
WL
20 4
10 KNM
8
8
WL
10 KNM
8
(1 )
2EI
2B B
L
2E2I
2B 53.33 4 EIB
53.33
6
3
2EI
2B C
MBC FCB
L
2E 3I
3
3
26.67
2B C 26.67 EIB EIC
4 2
2
4
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E 3I
3
3
26.67
2C B 26.67 EIC EIB
4 2
2
4
MBA FBA
2EI
2B D
L
2EI
2B D 10 EIB 1 EID
10
4
2
2EI
2D B
MDB FDB
L
2EI
2D B 10 EID 1 EIB
10
4
2
(2 )
(3 )
(4 )
MBD FBD
(5 )
(6 )
EIB 8.83
EIC 13.36
EID 14.414
Substituting these values in slope equations
M AB 106.67
4
( 8.83 ) 41.56 KNM
3
3
3
26.67 ( 8.3) ( 13.36 ) 49.94 KNM
2
4
3
3
26.67 ( 13.36 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2
4
1
10 ( 8.83 ) ( 14.414 ) 8.38 KNM
2
1
10 (14.414 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2
MBA 53.33
MBC
M CB
MBD
MDB
2
( 8.83 ) 112.56 KNM
3
Span AB:
41.56 112.56 120 2
28.17 KN
6
R A 120 RB 91.83 KN
RB
Span BC:
49.94 20 4 2
52.485 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 27.515 KN
RB
Column BD:
20 2 8.33
7.92 KN
4
HA HD 20
HB 12.78 KN
HD
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure and also drawn bending
moment and shear force diagram
Solution:
Symmetrical problem
- Sym frame + Sym loading
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMS
W 1ab 2 W 2 cd2
L2
L2
80 2 42 80 4 22
- 106.67 KNM
62
62
Wa 2b W 2 c 2d
FCB
106.67 KNM
L2
L2
FBC
- - - - - - - - 1
- - - - - -- 2
2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
4
2
106.67
(2B C ) 106.67 EIB EIC - - - - - - 3
6
3
3
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E2I
4
2
106.67
(2C B ) 106.67 EIC EIB - - - - - - 4
6
3
3
2EI
2C D
MCD FCD
L
2EI
0
(2C 0) EIC
- - - - - -- 5
4
MBC FBC
2EI
2D C
L
2EI
1
0
(0 C ) EIC
4
2
MDC FDC
- - - - - -- 6
In the above equation there are two unknown rotations. Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
7
2
Now MBA MBC 106.67 EIB EIC 0
3
3
2
7
MCB MCD 106.67 EIB EIC 0
3
3
Multiply by (7) and (8) by 2
49
14
EIB
EIC 0
3
3
subtracts
4
14
213.34 EIB
EIC 0
3
3
746.69
45
EIB 0
3
3
EIB 960.03
64
45
- 960.03
Clockwise
- - - - - -- (7)
- - - - - -- (8)
EIC
-
3
7
106.67 EIB
2
3
3
7
2
3
64
32 KNM
2
MBA 64 KNM
M AB
4
2
64 64 64 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB 106.67 ( 64 ) 64 64 KNM
3
3
MCD 64 KNM
MBC 106.67
MDC
1
64 -32 KNM
2
RD RC 80 KNM
Now consider free body diagram of column AB
Apply
MB 0
HA 4 64 32
HA 24 KN
MC 0
HA 4 64 32
HD 24 KN
Check:
H 0
HA HD 0
Hence okay
Note: Since symmetrical, only half frame may be analysed. Using first three
equations
and taking B C
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram
Solution:
This is a symmetrical frame and unsymmetrically loaded, thus it is an
unsymmetrical problem and there is a sway
Assume sway to right.
Here A 0,D 0,B 0,D 0
FEMS:
Wab 2
80 5 32
56.25 KNM
L2
82
Wa 2b
80 52 3
FCB
93.75 KNM
L2
82
FBC
MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0
2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 B EIB EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - - 1
2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B 0 EIB EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - - 2
2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C 56.25 1 EIB 1 EIC
56.25
8
2
4
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2EI
2C B 93.75 1 EIC 1 EIB
93.75
8
2
4
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L
MBC FBC
0
MDC FDC
0
2EI
3
3
2C 0 EIC EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5
2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 C EIC EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - -- 6
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA MBC 0
Jo int conditions
MCB MCD 0
HA HD PH 0
- - - Shear condition
0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
3
1
1
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 56.25 EIB EIC 0
8
2
4
3
1
3
56.25 EIB EIC EI 0
2
4
8
1
1
3
And, MCB MCD 93.75 EIC EIB EIC EI 0
2
4
8
1
3
3
93.75 EIB EIC EI 0
4
2
8
i.e,
1
3
3
3
EIB EI EIB EI EIC EI
2
8
8
8
1
3
EIC EI
2
8`
3
3
3
EIB EIC EI 0
9
2
2
2
EI EIB EIC
From (9)
3
1
3
EIB EIC EIB EIC 0
2
4
8
9
1
56.25 EIB EIC 0
8
8
56.25
- - - - - -- 10
Eqn(8)
1
3
3
EIB EIC EIB EIC 0
4
2
8
1
9
93.75 EIB EIC 0
8
8
93.75
- - - - - - - - - - 11
1
41.25 3 37.5 34.69 KNM
2
8
3
MBA 41.25 37.5 55.31 KNM
8
1
1
MBC 56.25 41.25 78.75 55.31 KNM
2
4
1
1
M CB 93.75 78.75 41.75 64.69 KNM
2
4
3
M CD 78.75 37.5 64.69 KNM
8
1
3
MDC 78.75 37.5 25.31 KNM
2
8
M AB
34.69 55.31
22.5 KN
4
Span BC:
55.31 64.69 80 3
28.83 KN
8
RC 80 RB 51.17
RB
Column CD:
HD
64.69 25.31
22.5
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
22.5 22.5 = 0
Hence okay
Solution:
Frame is Symmetrical and unsymmetrical loaded hence there is a sway.
Assume sway towards right
FEMS
F AB F BA F BC F CB F CD F DC 0
Slope deflection equations are
2EI
3
MAB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA FBA
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
2B
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3
- - - - - - - -- 1
MBC FBC
2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C
4
EIB 0.5 EIC
MCB FCB
- - - - - - - - 3
2EI
2C B
L
2EI
2C B
4
EIC 0.5 EIB
MCD FCD
- - - - - - - - 4
2EI
3
2C D
L
L
2EI
3
2C
3
3
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
2EI
3
MDC FDC
2D C
L
L
2 EI
3
c
3
3
2
2
EIC EI
3
3
- - - - - - - -- 6
20 0
3
3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 60 0
4
2
EIB EI EIB 0.5EIC
3
3
7
2
EIB 0.5EIC EI 0 7
3
3
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
7
2
0.5EIB EIC EI 0 8
3
3
2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI EIC EI 60
3
3
3
8
2EIB 2EIC EI 60 0 9
3
EI B 8.18,
EI C 8.18,
EI 34.77
Substituting the value of B , C and in slope deflection equations
2
8.18 2 34.77 17.73 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 8.18 34.77 12.27 KNM
3
3
MBC 0 8.18 0.5 8.18 12.27 KNM
MAB
KNM
4
8.18 2 34.77 12.27 KNM
3
3
2
2
MDC 8.18 34.77 17.73 KNM
3
3
MCD
Member AB:
17.73 12.27
HA
10 KN
3
Member BC:
12.27 12.27
6.135 KN
4
RB RC 6.135 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of RB downwards
RC
Member CD:
HD
17.73 12.27
10 KN
3
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD + P = 0
+10 + 10 20 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame subjected to loads as shown. Also draw
bending moment diagram.
wl2
10 42
- 13.33 KNM
12
12
wl2
10 42
FBA
13.33 KNM
12
12
wl
90 10
FBC
- 112.5 KNM
8
8
wl 90 10
FCB
112.5 KNM
8
8
Slope deflection equations:
2EI
3
M AB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
- 13.33
0 B
4
4
- 13.33 0.5 EIB 0.375 EI
2EI
3
MBA F BA
2 B A
L
L
F AB
2EI
3
2B 0
4
4
13.33 EIB 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - -- 1
13.33
- - - - - - - -- 2
2EI
2B C
L
2E3I
2B C
- 112.5
10
- 112.5 1.2EI B 0.6EIC
2EI
2 C B
MCB F CB
L
2E3I
2 C B
112.5
10
112.5 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB
MBC F BC
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
2EI
3
2 C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
4
4
EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - -- 5
2EI
3
2 D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 2 C
4
4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - -- 6
MCD F CD
MDC F DC
There are 3 unknowns EIB, EIC and EI , accordingly the boundary conditions
are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 40 0
4
2
MAB MBA 80
4
and HD 4 MCD MBC
HA
HD
MCD MDC
4
40 0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 80 0
- - - - - - - - (7)
- - - - - - - - (8)
EI B 72.65
EI C 59.64
EI 66.34
Final moments:
- - - - - - - -- (9)
Member AB:
61.10 1.88 10 4 2
4
5.195 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of HA is from right to left
HA
Member BC:
84.52 61.10 90 5
47.34 KN
10
RB 90 RC 38.34 KN
RC
Member CD
HD
84.54 54.7
34.81 KN
4
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +10 4 = 0
-5.20 - 34.81+ 40 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram
Solution:
Since the columns have different moment of inertia, it is an unsymmetrical
frame. Assume sway towards right
FEMS:
WL
80 6
60 KNM
8
8
WL
FCB
60 KNM
8
Here A 0, D 0
FBC
MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0
2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 B EIB EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - - 1
2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B 0 EIB EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - - 2
2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C 60 4 EIB 2 EIC
60
6
3
3
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E2I
2C B 60 2 EIB 4 EIC
60
6
3
3
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L
MBC FBC
0
MDC FDC
0
2E2I
3
3
2C 0 2EIC EI
4
4
4
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5
2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2E2I
3
3
0 C EIC EI
4
4
4
- - - - - - - -- 6
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
Jo int conditions
HA HD 0
- - - Shear condition
0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
i.e,
3
4
2
EI 60 EIB EIC 0
8
3
3
7
2
3
60 EIB EIC EI 0
3
3
8
2
4
3
EIB EIC 2EIC EI 0
3
3
4
2
10
3
EIB
EIC EI 60 0
3
3
4
1
3
3
3
EIB EI EIB EI 2EIC EI
2
8
8
4
3
EIC EI
4
3
9
EIB 3EIC EI 0
9
2
4
4 3
EIB 3EIC
9 2
From (9)
7
2
3 4 3
7
2
1
1
EIB EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3
3
4
2
25
1
EIB EIC 60 0
12
6
- - - - - -- 10
EIB
EIC EIB 3EIC 60 0
3
3
8 9 2
2
10
1
EIB
EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3
3
2
1
7
EIB EIC 60 0
6
3
EIB 60
7 6
27.3
EIC
Now
EI
4 3
Now
EI B =31.03, EIC 27.3 , EI 16.55
- - - - - -- 11
Column AB:
HA
37.25 21.72
14.74 KN
4
Beam BC:
37.25 43.45 80 3
38.97 KN
6
RC 80 RB 41.03
RB
Column CD:
HD
43.45 15.52
14.74 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
14.74-14.74=0
Hence okay
Ex: Portal frame shown is fixed at ends A and D, the joint B is rigid and joint C is
hinged. Analyse the frame and draw BMD.
Solution:
FEMs:
WL 80 6
60KNM
8
8
WL 80 6
FCB
60KNM
8
8
Here A 0, D 0, B 0, CB 0, CD 0
FBC
2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
0 B
4
4
1
3
EIB EI
2
8
0
( 1)
MBA FBA
2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
2B 0
4
4
3
EIB EI
8
2EI
3
FBC
2B C
L
L
2E.2I
2B CB
60
6
4
2
60 EIB EICB
3
3
2EI
2CB B
FCB
L
2E.2I
2CB B
60
6
4
2
60 EICB EIB
3
3
2EI
3
FCD
2CD D
L
L
(3 )
2EI
3
2CD 0
4
4
3
EICD EI
8
2EI
3
FDC
2D CD
L
L
( 5 )
MBC
MCB
MCD
( 2)
(4 )
MDC
2EI
3
0 CD
4
4
1
3
EICD EI
2
8
0
( 6 )
i..e,
IV. HA+HD = 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
3
3 3
3
EIB EI EI 0
2
2 8
2
3
15
EIB
EI 0
2
16
16 3
8
Equation (12) gives EI
EIB EIB
15 2
5
( 12 )
( 13 )
Substituti ng in Equation ( 7 )
MBA MBC
7
2
3 8
2
7 3
EIB EICB 60
3
3 5
26
2
EIB EICB 60 0
15
3
( 14 )
42
EIB 180 0
15
__________ __________ _
EIB 180
15
64.29
42
8
8
EIB 64.29 102.864
5
5
3
From (11) EICD EI 38.574
8
3 7
3
From(13) EI
3 7
3
64.29 102.864 60
2 3
8
77.165
EIB 64.29, EICB 77.165,
EICD 38.57,
EI 102.864
1
64.29 3 102.864 6.42 KNM
2
8
3
64.29 102.864 25.72 KNM
8
4
2
60 64.29 77.165 25.72 KNM
3
3
4
2
60 77.165 64.29 0
3
3
3
38.574 102.864 0
8
1
3
38.574 102.864 19.29 KNM
2
8
MAB
MBA
MBC
MCB
MCD
MDC
Column AB:
HA
Beam BC:
25.72 6.42
4.825 KN
4
25.72 80 3
44.29 KN
6
RC 80 44.29 35.71 KN
RB
Column CD:
HD
19.28
4.82 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA+HD = 0
Hence okay.
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure the deflection method and
then draw the bending moment diagram
Fig
Solution:
The frame is unsymmetrical, hence there is a sway. Let the sway be
towards right.
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMS:
20 52
41.67 KNM
12
20 52
FCB
41.67 KNM
12
FCE 15 2 30 KNM
FBC
MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0
2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
0 B 0.5EIB 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - - 1
2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
2B 0 EIB 0.375EI
4
4
2EI
2B C
L
2E 1.5I
2B C 41.67 1.2EIB 0.6EIC
41.67
5
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E 1.5I
2C B 41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB
41.67
5
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L
- - - - - - - - 2
MBC FBC
0
MDC FDC
0
2EI
3
2C 0 EIC 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5
2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3
0 C 0.5EIC 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - -- 6
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD MCE 0
HA HD 0
i.e, MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
Now,
MBA MBC 0
Column AB:
HA
18.5 6.5
6.25 KN
4
Span BC:
Column CD:
10.16 14.84
HD
6.25
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
=0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown and then draw bending moment
diagram.
Solution:
It is an unsymmetrical problem hence there is a sway be towards right
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMs:
wl2
20 52
FBC
- 41.67 KNM
12
12
wl2 20 52
FCB
41.67 KNM
12
12
Slope deflection equations:
2EI
3
M AB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA F BA
2 B A
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 B 0
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3
- - - - - - - -- 1
- - - - - - - -- 2
2EI
3
2 B C
L
L
2E 1.5I
2B C
- 41.67
5
6
3
- 41.67 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
3
MCB F CB
2 C B
L
L
2E 1.5I
2 C B 0
41.67
5
41.67 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB
MBC F BC
2EI
3
2 C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
4
4
EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - -- 3
- - - - - - - -- 4
MCD F CD
- - - - - - - - - - 5
2EI
3
2 D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 C
4
4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI
MDC F DC
- - - - - - - - - - 6
In the above equations there are three unknown B , C and and accordingly the
Boundary conditions are:
MBA MBC 0
M CB M CD 0
H A HD 0
i.e
M AB MBA M CD MDC
0
3
4
4(M AB MBA ) 3(M CD MDC ) 0
Now
MBA MBC 0
4
2
6
3
EIB EI EIB EIC 41.67
3
3
5
5
3
2
2.53EIB EIC EI 41.67 0 (7)
5
3
MCB MCD 0
41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 0
41.67 2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI 0 (8)
MAB MBA MCD MDC
0
3
4
2
4
2
2
4 EIB EI EIB EI
3
3
3
3
EI B 25.46
EI C 23.17
EI 12.8
Final moments:
2
2
25.46 12.8 8.44 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 25.46 12.8 25.40 KNM
3
3
6
3
MBC 25.46 23.17 41.67 25.40 KNM
5
5
MCB 41.67 1.2 23.17 0.60 20.46 28.50 KNM
MAB
Member AB:
HA
25.40 8.44
11.28 KN
3
Member BC:
RC
28.5 20.30 20 5
5
2 51.64 KN
2
RB 20 5 51.64 48.36 KN
Member CD:
HD =
28.5 16.65
= 11.28 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
Satisfied, hence okay
Example: A portal frame having different column heights are subjected for forces
as shown in figure. Analyse the frame and draw bending moment diagram.
- 15 KNM
8
8
Wl
30 4
FBA
15 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FBC
- 30 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FCB
30 KNM
8
8
FCD = FDC = 0
F AB
- - - - - - - - 1
MBA FBA
2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2E 2I
3
2B 0
4
4
15 2 EIB 0.75 EI
- - - - - - - - 2
2EI
2B C
L
2E 2I
2B C
- 30
4
- 30 2EIB EIC
- - - - - - - -- 3
2EI
2C B
L
2E 2I
2C B
30
4
30 2EIC EIB
- - - - - - - -- 4
15
MBC FBC
MCB FCB
2EI
3
2C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
3
3
4
2
EI C EI
3
3
MCD FCD
2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 C
3
3
2
2
EI C EI
3
3
- - - - - - - -- 5
MDC FDC
- - - - - - - -- 6
There are three unknowns, EI, B ,EI C & EI , accordingly the Boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 30 0
MAB MBA 60 MCD MDC
30 0
4
3
3MAB MBA 4MCD MDC 180 0
i.e,
Now
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
10
2
EIC EI 30 0
3
3
EI B 9.577
EI C 7.714
EI 20.795
Substituting these values in the slope deflection equations we get
Member AB:
18.55 21.01 30 2
15.615 KN
4
-ve sign indicates the direction of HA is from right to left.
HA
Member BC:
18.55 60 2 24.15
28.60 KN
4
RC 60 RB 28.60 31.40 KN
RB
Member CD:
HD
19 24.15
14.38 KN
3
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD + 30 = 0
-15.62 14.38 + 30 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the frame using slope deflection method and draw the
Bending Moment Diagram.
wI2
12
24 42
32 KNM
12
wI2
FCB
32 KN M
12
Here A D 0
FBC
2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA FBA
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
2B
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3
- - - - - -- 1
2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C
32
4
32 2EIB EIC
- - - - - - - -- 3
2EI
2C B
L
2E2I
2C B
32
4
32 2EIC EIB
- - - - - - - - 4
MBC FBC
MCB FCB
MCD FCD
2EI
3
2C D
L
L
2EI
3
2C
3
3
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3
C
3
3
2
2
EIC EI
3
3
MDC FDC
- - - - - - - - 6
30 0
3
3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90 0
4
2
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 32 2EIB EIC
3
3
10
2
EIB EIC EI 32 0
3
3
i.e,
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
10
2
EIC EI 32 0
3
3
2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI EIC EI 90
3
3
3
8
2EIB 2EIC EI 90
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
9
3
20
4
EIB 2EIC EI 64 0
3
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3
17
EIB 3EIC 109 0
3
- - - - - -- 10
20
4
EIC EI 64 0
3
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3
2EIB
3EIB
17
EIC 109 0
3
17
EI B 3EI C 109 0
3
27
EI B 3EI C 57.71 0
17
208
EI B 166.71 0
17 3
166.71 17 3
EIB
40.88
208
- - - - - - - - 11
From (10)
EI C
1
17
109 EI B 40.88
3
3
From (9)
3
EIB EIC 45
4
3
40.88 40.88 45 95.07
4
Thus
EIB 40.88, EIC 40.88, EI 95.07
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations
EI
2
40.88 2 95.07 36.12 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 40.88 95.07 8.88 KNM
3
3
MBC 32 240.88 40.88 8.88 KNM
MAB
To find the reaction consider the free body diagram of the frame
Reactions:
Column AB
HA
8.88 36.12
15 KN
3
Beam AB
RB
8.88 8.88 24 4
4
RC 24 4 48 48 KN
Column CD
HD
8.88 36.12
15 KN
3
4
2 48 KN
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +P = 0
-15 15 + 30 = 0
Hence okay