UGPA3173 UNIT OPERATION II

May Trimester 2014

Tutorial I

1)

Table 1 shows the screen analysis of crushed coal which segregated into masses of
particles with different density, sphericity and shape factor i.e. particle A, B and C. Given
that the density, sphericity, s and shape factor, respectively of A: 1970 kg/m3, 0.375,
0.4; B: 2010 kg/m3, 0.498, 0.5 and C: 2110kg/m3, 0.528. 0.6. The screen analysis of
particles A, B and C are given in Table 1 based on the mass retained in each mesh.
Based on this screen analysis, calculate for mixture of A, B and C:

(i)

Specific surface area of mixture (Aw) in mm2/g

(ii)

Total population of the mixture (Nw) in particles/g

(iii)

Volume-surface mean diameter, DS

(iv)

Mass mean diameter, DW

(v)

Volume mean diameter, DV

(vi)

Surface mean diameter, DS'

Table 1: Screen analysis of crushed coal

Particles

Particle size
(mm)

Mass retained
(g)

0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225

6.35
11.13
19.82
29.19
33.75
27.66
20.15
17.61
10.99

2)

Mixture of particle containing 40% cubes and 60% spherical particles with diameter of 4
mm. Find the equivalent sphere diameter based on:

(i)

Volume of mixture

(ii) Surface of mixture

(iii) Surface-volume ratio of mixture

3)

A crusher reduces coal from coarse particles to finer particles with the following mass
distribution as in Table 2. Given the shape factor is 0.5, sphericity is 1 and density of
particle is 2700 kg/m3. Calculate:

Table 2: Mass distribution of crushed coal

(i)

Particle size (mm)

Mass (percent)

0.05
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00

10
15
35
20
10

Volume mean diameter,

(ii) The number of particles distribution by fraction.

(iii) Total volume of particles in mixture.
(iv) Total surface of particles in mixture.

UGPA3173 UNIT OPERATION II

May Trimester 2014
Tutorial I
(Solution)

Question 1
Particles

Particle
size
(mm), Dpi

Mass
retained
(g)

mass
fraction,
Xi

Dpi

0.025

6.35

0.036

0.050

11.13

0.075
B

Xi/Dpi

Xi/Dpi

1.563E-05

0.0009

1.440

2304.000

0.063

1.250E-04

0.0032

1.260

504.000

19.82

0.112

4.219E-04

0.0084

1.493

265.480

0.100

29.19

0.165

1.000E-03

0.0165

1.650

165.000

0.125

33.75

0.191

1.953E-03

0.0239

1.528

97.790

0.150

27.66

0.157

3.375E-03

0.0236

1.047

46.520

0.175

20.15

0.114

5.359E-03

0.0200

0.651

21.270

0.200

17.61

0.100

8.000E-03

0.0200

0.500

12.500

0.225

10.99

0.062

1.139E-02

0.0140

0.276

5.443

176.65

1.000

3.164E-02

0.1305

9.845

3422.003

Specific surface area of mixture (Aw) in mm2/g

i)

XiDpi

Given:
-

For particle A, the A = 1970 kg/m3 = 0.00197g/mm3, sA = 0.375 and A = 0.4.

For particle B, the B = 2010 kg/m3 = 0.00201g/mm3, sB = 0.498 and B = 0.5.

For particle C, the C = 2110 kg/m3 = 0.00211g/mm3, sC = 0.528 and C = 0.6.

Therefore Total surface area of the mixture = AwA + AwB + AwC

6
6
(1.440 1.260 1.493)] [
(1.650 1.528 1.047)]
(0.375)(0.00197)
(0.498)(0.00201)
6
[
(0.651 0.500 0.276)]
(0.528)(0.00211)

AW [

AW 34054.82 25325.18 7685.26

AW 67065.26 mm2/g

ii)

Total population of the mixture (Nw) in particles/g

Given:
-

For particle A, the A = 1970 kg/m3 = 0.00197g/mm3, sA = 0.375 and A = 0.4.

For particle B, the B = 2010 kg/m3 = 0.00201g/mm3, sB = 0.498 and B = 0.5.

For particle C, the C = 2110 kg/m3 = 0.00211g/mm3, sC = 0.528 and C = 0.6.

Therefore Total surface area of the mixture = AwA + AwB + AwC

1
1
(2307 504 265.48)] [
(165 97.79 46.52)]
(0.4)(0.00197)
(0.5)(0.00201)
1
[
(21.27 12.50 5.44)]
(0.6)(0.00211)

NW [

NW 3,900,369.059 307,769.636 30,971.587

NW 4,239,110.28 particles/g

(iii)

Volume-surface mean diameter

DS

DS

1
xi

i 1
pi
n

D
1
9.845

DS 0.1016 mm

(iv)

Mass mean diameter

n

DW xi D pi
i 1

DW 0.1305 mm

(v)

Volume mean diameter

1
DV
n x
i3
i 1 D pi

(vi)

1/ 3

DV

3422.003

1/ 3

DV 0.0664 mm

Surface mean diameter

x
i
i 1 D pi
DS'
n

xi
i 1 D pi3

1
2
1

9.845 2
DS'

3422.003

DS' 0.0536 mm

Question 2
Volume of cubes = 4 X 4 X 4 = 64 mm3
Surface area of cubes = 6 (4 X 4) = 96 mm2

Volume of sphere = D3 / 6 = (4)3 / 6 = 33.5 mm3

Surface area of sphere = D2 = (4)3 = 50.27 mm2

Therefore
total volume of mixture = (40% x 64) + (60% x 33.5) = 45.7 mm3
total surface area of mixture = (40% x 96) + (60% x 50.27) = 68.56 mm2

(i)

To find the equivalent sphere diameter based on volume,

Volume of mixture = volume of sphere
45.7 = D3 / 6
therefore D = 4.44 mm

(ii)

To find the equivalent sphere diameter based on surface area,

surface of mixture = surface of sphere
68.56 = D2
therefore D = 4.67 mm

(iii)

To find the equivalent sphere diameter based surface-volume ratio

surface-volume of mixture = surface-volume of sphere
68.56/45.7 = (D2)/(D3 / 6)
6/D = 1.500

therefore D = 3.999, D~4.00 mm

Question 3

Particle
Mass
size, Dpi (percent)
(mm)

Mass
fraction,
xi

Xi/Dpi
(mm-1)

Xi/Dpi3
(mm-3)

Number of Particles
particles in number
mix
fraction,
Ni

Volume
particle
(mm3)

0.05

10

0.1111

2.222

888.800

658370.601

0.9840

6.545 x 10-5

43.090

7.854 x 10-3

5170.843

0.25

15

0.1667

0.667

10.669

7902.966

0.0118

8.181 x 10-3

64.654

0.196

1548.981

0.50

35

0.3889

0.778

3.111

2303.705

0.0034

0.065

149.741

0.785

1808.408

0.75

20

0.2222

0.296

0.527

390.371

0.0006

0.221

86.272

1.767

689.786

1.00

10

0.1111

0.111

0.111

82.222

0.0001

0.524

43.084

3.142

258.342

Sum

90

1.00

4.074

903.218

669049.865

of Volume
Surface
of
particle
particle/g (mm2)
mix
(mm3)

386.841

of Surface of
particle/g
mix (mm2)

9476.36

i.

Volume mean diameter,

1
DV
n xi
3
i 1 D pi

ii.

1/ 3

1
DV
903.218

1/ 3

DV 0.1035 mm

The number of particles distribution by fraction.

To find the number of particle distribution:

First need to find the number of particles in every particle size range, (Nw).

Then the total number of particles and fractions in each particle range.
For example Nw0.05,

NW

1
a p

NW 0.05

xi

D
i 1

pi

1
(888.800)
(0.5)(0.00270)

NW 0.05 658,370.601

So the final number of particle in each particle size range and number of particle distribution
is as in column 6 & 7 of Table 2-1.
Number of particle distribution

Particle size 0.05

(mm)
Number
0.9840
fraction, Ni

iii.

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.0118

0.0034

0.0006

0.0001

Total volume of particles in mixture.

To find the total volume of particle:

First need to find the volume of single particle (for each size range) which based on
the shpericity = 1 is a sphere. Hence volume of single particle = D3 / 6

For example D = 0.05, V = (0.05)3 / 6 , V = 6.545 x 10-5 mm3

Then multiplying volume of single particle (column 8) with number of particle in each
range (column 6) results in the volume of total particle in each particle range.

For example, total volume V0.05 = (6.545 x 10-5)(658370.601) = 43.090 mm3

Finally the total volume of particles in mixture = sum of particle volume in each size
range.

Total volume of particles in mixture = 386.841 mm3 as in column 9 of Table 2-1

iv.

Total surface of particles in mixture.

To find the total surface of particle:

First need to find the surface area of single particle (for each size range) which based
on the shpericity=1 is a sphere. Hence surface area of single particle = D2

For example D = 0.05, S0.05 = (0.05)2 , S0.05 = 7.854 x 10-3 mm2

Then multiplying surface area of single particle (column 10) with number of particle in
each range (column 6) results in the surface area of total particle in each particle
range.

For example, total surface area S0.05 = (= 7.854 x 10-3)(658370.601) = 5170.843 mm2

Finally the total surface area of particles in mixture = sum of particle surface area in
each size range.

Total surface of particles in mixture = 9476.36 mm2 as in column 11 of Table 2-1