Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

CONTENTS
Main / Skirt Pile
Pile Group Arrangement
Vertical Axial Soil Capacity
Structural Capacity

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile Simulation for an Offshore Jacket

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile group arrangements for 4 legged

platform

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile group arrangements for 4 legged

platform

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile group arrangements for 8 legged

platform

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile group arrangements for 8 legged

platform

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

The ultimate bearing capacity of pile, including
belled piles, Qd should be determined by the
equation.
Qd= Qf+Qp=fAs+qAp
Where
Qf=skin friction resistance, Ib (kN)
Qp= total end bearing, Ib (kN),
f = unit skin friction capacity, Ib/ft2 (kPa)
As = side surface area of pile, ft2 (m2),
Ap = gross end area of pile, ft2 (m2),
30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Where
= a dimensionless factor,
c = un-drained shear strength of the soil at the point in
question
The factor, , can be computed by the equations:
= 0.5 -0.5 1.0
= 0.5 -0.25 >1.0
With the constraint that, 1.0,
Where
= c/p0 for the point in question
c/p0 effective overburden pressure at the point in question
Ib/ft2 (kPa)

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Cohesive Soil
For piles end bearing in cohesive
soils, the unit end bearing q.in Ibs/ft2
(kPa), may be computed by the
equation
q = 9c

30 May 2008

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Cohesionless Soils
For pipe piles in cohesionless soils, the
shaft friction, f. in Ib/ft2 (kPa) may be
calculated by the equation:
f = Kpao tan
Where
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure (ratio of
horizontal to vertical normal effective stress)
po = effective overburden pressure Ib/ft2 (kPa) at the point
in question
= friction angle between the soil and pile wall
30 May 2008

10

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

For pipe piles in cohesionless oils,

the unit shaft friction at a given
depth, f, may be calculated by the
equation
f = p0
= dimensionless shaft friction factor
p0 = effective overburden pressure at
the depth in question

30 May 2008

11

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

For piles end bearing in cohesionless

soils, the unit and bearing q may be
computed by the equation
q=Nqp0
Where
Nq=dimensionless bearing capacity
factor
p0 = effective overburden pressure at
the depth in question
30 May 2008

12

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

old

API 2A
Recommended
Practice

30 May 2008

13

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

New
API 2A
Recommended
Practice

30 May 2008

14

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

t-z curve for
deformation of a pile
under vertical axial
loading

30 May 2008

15

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Where
z = local pile deflection, in.
(mm),
D = pile diameter, in. (mm).
t = mobilized soil pile
adhesion, Ib/ft2 (kPa)
tmax = maximum soil pile
adhesion or unit skin friction
capacity computed accoring
to Section 6.4. Ib/ft2 (kPa)

30 May 2008

16

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Typical Axial Pile Load Transfer-Displacement
(t-z) Curves

30 May 2008

17

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Tip-load Displacement Curve
Where
z = axial tip deflection, in.
(mm),
D = pile diameter, in. (mm).
Q = mobilized end bearing
capacity, Ib(KN)
Qp = total end bearing,
Ib(KN), computed according
to section 6.4

30 May 2008

18

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

Pile tip load Displacement (Q-z) curve

30 May 2008

19

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

STRUCTURAL DESIGN ISSUES

Design for structural strength to resist
Axial force
Lateral shear force
Bending moment

Make allowance for corrosion /

durability
Consider possibility of buckling
Only likely to be of concern for slender piles
in very soft clay with unsupported length
30 May 2008

20

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

10

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

PILE BUCKLING
Replace pile by
equivalent cantilever
CRITICAL LOAD is

Pcr =

2 .E p I p
4(SR + J R ) 2

(constant k)
Pcr =

2 .E p I p
4(SR + J R ) 2 R 2

(linearly increasing k)
30 May 2008

21

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

PILE BUCKLING

30 May 2008

22

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

11

Pile Foundation Concepts and Design

DURABILITY ISSUES

COUNTER MEASURES FOR STEEL PILES

(COASTAL STRUCTURES)

Corrosion protection paint

Polyethylene cover (steel pipes)
Zinc coating
Electro chemical (cathodic)
protection
Cement or concrete cover

30 May 2008

23

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36

12