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a) Resistor :
- To resist or control the current flow
If a pure conductor (ie, wire) instead of a resistor is used, the path is said
to be short circuited and, in theory - but not usually in practice - an infinite
current would flow through it if the source was really able to deliver such a
current.
But, if there is some resistance in its path, the current taken from the
source will always be limited to the potential difference produced by the
source (measured in volts) divided by the resistance of the path
(measured in ohms).
I = E/R (Where I is current, E is volts and R is resistance)
Another use of a resistor is whenever you need to produce a voltage drop
in a circuit. This drop can can then be utilized for some other purpose,
noting the voltage will differ depending on the load. If the load varies in
resistance, so will the voltage drop.
When no resistors are met by the current, the voltage which is actually the
amount of work done in moving the charge will tend to zero. This means
that the current flows without any resistance and is said to be a dead
short to the source.
b) Zener diode ( D1N750):
c) Diode ( D1N914):
behavior
convert alternating
is
calledrectification,
current to direct
current,
and
is
including
used
to
extraction
forms of rectifiers.
Semiconductor diodes: conducting electricity only if a certain threshold
voltage or cut-in voltage is present in the forward direction (a state in
which the diode is said to be forward-biased).
d) Transistor (Q2N2222) :
- main function is amplification. It can also be used as an oscillator. It
can function as a switch, as well as in other non-linear applications
such as rectifier or voltage limiter. It can be used in feedback circuits
-
as a voltage regulator.
Turns current off and on which developes a voltage across resistors in
circuit.
routes electicity basid on polartity.