Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cng hc
quyn
Sch gio vin
Nh xut bn gio dc
692-2006/CXB/104-1530/GD
1G425M7
s:
1. Mc tiu
Mc tiu dy hc mn Tin hc bc Tiu hc l nhm gip
hc sinh:
C hiu bit ban u v tin hc v ng dng ca tin hc
trong hc tp v i sng;
C kh nng s dng my tnh trong vic hc nhng mn
hc khc, trong hot ng vui chi gii tr nhm nng
cao cht lng gio dc v thch ng vi i sng x hi
hin i;
Bc u lm quen vi cch gii quyt vn c s dng
cng c tin hc.
2. Chng trnh
Sch gio khoa Cng hc tin hc - Quyn 2, nm trong b
sch Cng hc tin hc gm ba quyn, c bin son da trn
chun chng trnh ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
16/2006/Q-BGDT ngy 05 thng 05 nm 2006 ca B trng B
Gio dc v o to.
II. Gii thiu sch Cng hc Tin hc
b) Ni dung sch
Em tp v (12 tit)
Bi 1. Nhng g em bit
Bi 2. V hnh ch nht, hnh vung
Bi 3. Sao chp hnh
4
Em tp g 10 ngn (8 tit)
Bi 1. V sao phi tp g 10 ngn?
Bi 2. G t n gin
Bi 3. S dng phm Shift
Bi 4. n luyn g
Em hc nhc (6 tit)
Bi 1. Lm quen vi phn mm Encore
Bi 2. Em hc nhc vi Encore
5
c) Nhng im cn lu
Bn quyn
10
Phn 2. Nhng vn c th
Khm ph my tnh
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
n tp nhng kin thc c bn hc trong Quyn 1 nh
cc dng thng tin c bn xung quanh ta, hnh dng v
cc b phn ca my tnh ( bn), vai tr ca my tnh
trong i sng.
Bit lch s s lc v my tnh, chng trnh my tnh v
c khi nim ban u v m hnh x l thng tin ca
my tnh.
Bit mt s thit b lu tr thng tin thng dng, nhn
din v hiu cc thao tc c bn vi a cng, a v
a mm, a CD v thit b nh flash (thng c
gi l USB v c s dng nh cng giao tip USB).
b) V k nng
Bit nhn din cc phn mm quen thuc qua cc biu tng, bit khi ng/thot mt chng trnh.
Bit thao tc ng v thn trng vi cc loi a, a
khi s dng.
Bit cch bo qun a.
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng mt dy trong khong 6 tit kt hp gia l thuyt
v thc hnh. Ngoi phn n tp ni dung ca Quyn 1, ni
11
3. Nhng im cn lu
1. Mc ch, yu cu
n tp nhng kin thc c bn hc trong Quyn 1, gm:
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
13
d)
1. Mc ch, yu cu
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
14
My tr gip c nhn
My tnh b ti
15
c)
d)
Trong bi c vit "Tuy hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau nhng cc my tnh c mt im chung: chng c kh nng
thc hin t ng cc chng trnh do con ngi vit ra".
Trong Quyn 1, hc sinh c lm quen vi cc khi nim
chng trnh v phn mm, mc nhn din cc biu
tng v khi ng chng trnh hc v chi cng my
tnh. Trong bi ny, hc sinh c bit chng trnh di kha
cnh khc, l nhng i tng cn thit cho s hot ng
ca my tnh v tn ti cng vi my tnh. Vic nh ngha
chng trnh mt cch chnh xc v dn gii chi tit v
lnh i vi hc sinh tiu hc l cha cn thit. Nhng gio
16
f)
17
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
18
cm thit b nh flash trn loi my ny v quan st biu tng ca cc thit b ny trn ca s My Computer.
d)
e)
f)
19
em tp v
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
Nhn bit c cc cng c v hnh ch nht (hnh
vung), hnh e-lp (hnh trn), c v, bt ch v tc
dng ca chng.
Bit sao chp cc phn hnh v to ra nhng hnh v
phc hp t cc i tng n gin.
Bc u bit quan st, phn tch hnh mu v la chn
cng c thch hp gii quyt mt nhim v.
b) V k nng
S dng c cc cng c v hnh n gin nh Hnh ch
nht,
Hnh
e-lp, C v, Bt ch.
Thc hin c cc thao tc sao chp hnh v.
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng hai dy trong 12 tit thc hnh l chnh c kt hp
vi l thuyt. Ni dung ch yu l tm hiu thm cch s dng
mt s cng c v hnh v tnh nng sao chp hnh v, bao
gm:
Bi 1. Nhng g em bit.
Bi 2. V hnh ch nht, hnh vung.
Bi 3. Sao chp hnh.
20
3. Nhng im cn lu
a)
b)
c)
Cc tp cho trc.
21
b)
c)
22
f)
g)
h)
23
v cc
24
c)
d)
25
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
26
27
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
28
b)
Hnh 1
Sau khi nhn xt hnh, gio vin s kt lun v u im ca
thao tc sao chp hnh. y l im cn nhn mnh cho
hc sinh ghi nh.
d)
Vic s dng biu tng "trong sut" cng cho nhng
kt qu bt ng, th v v gy hng th cho hc sinh. Vi
29
vic s dng biu tng trong sut, trn nhiu hnh v khi
sao chp
e)
Hnh 2
f)
thc hin cc bi luyn tp v thc hnh trong
bi ny, hc sinh cn s dng cc hnh mu tit kim
thi gian. Gio vin nn chun b trc cc hnh ny c
sn trn my tnh ca hc sinh. Cng c th khuyn khch
hc sinh t to cc hnh v khc nhau cho bi thc hnh.
iu quan trng hc sinh cn bit l li ch ca vic s dng
thao tc sao chp v k nng thc hin thao tc .
v cc
30
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
d)
31
Bi 5. v t do bng c v, bt ch
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit s dng hai cng c C v
v cc hnh t do.
v Bt ch
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
Hnh 3
Hy tng tng vng v c chia bng cc ng k ngang v
ng to thnh li (h. 4a). Khi ta v l lc ta t mu tng
32
a)
v chn nt ty dy, ta
b)
Hnh 4
Gio vin c th gii thiu thm cho cc em bit iu ny
nu c thi gian. hin th nn di dng li, hy m bng
chn View v chn Zoom Large Size hay ZoomCustom... v
chn mt tu chn phng to hnh v (400% hoc 200%).
Sau chn ViewZoomShow Grid.
c)
d)
34
Hnh 5
35
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
d)
36
e)
...
37
Em tp g 10 ngn
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
Hiu v nm c s cn thit ca k nng hc g bn
phm bng 10 ngn.
Bc u nm c v thc hin c vic g bng 10 ngn
cc t bao gm hai, ba ch ci.
Hiu v bc u c th g ng quy tc nhng t c
cc ch ci in hoa vi phm Shift.
b) V k nng
Dng c phn mm Mario tp v n luyn g bng
10 ngn.
G c cc t vi hai ch ci ng theo quy nh ca
vic g bn phm bng 10 ngn.
G c cc ch in hoa vi hai phm Shift.
K nng g phm cn t c l WPM = 5 (trong
Word Per Minute l s t g chnh xc trong mt pht) vi
cc bi g thng khng c ch in hoa.
c) V thi
Hiu v c thi hc g 10 ngn nghim tc, coi vic
hc g phm ng l mt nhim v hc tp.
38
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng ny bao gm bn bi, mi bi dy trong 1 tit l
thuyt v 1 tit thc hnh trn my tnh. Ring bi 4 c th ch
thc hnh trn my tnh.
Bi 1: V sao phi tp g 10 ngn?
- n tp vic g bn phm theo tng ch ci v nh li cch
thc hnh vi phn mm Mario.
Bi 2: G t n gin
- Tp g cc t n gin bao gm hai hoc ba ch ci.
Bi 3: S dng phm Shift
- Tp g ch ci in hoa s dng phm Shift vi ngn tay t.
Bi 4: n luyn g
- n luyn cc bi hc: g t v s dng phm Shift g
ch ci in hoa v mt s k t trn ca hng phm s.
3. Nhng im cn lu
a) V l thuyt
- L thuyt ca chng ba khng nhiu, c ba ni dung
chnh l:
+ n li vic t tay v g phm trn cc hng phm c
s, hng phm trn, hng phm di v hng phm s.
+ Khi nim t ( mc n gin) v cch g cc t.
+ Cch s dng phm Shift.
- Cn ch phn bit s khc nhau v nng cao ca ni
dung hc v tp g bn phm t Quyn 1 sang Quyn 2. Vi
Quyn 1, ch yu cu hc sinh tp g tng phm ri rc, cn i
vi Quyn 2 th bt u tp g cc t n gin.
- Nh vy so vi Quyn 1, hc sinh s phi hc v tp luyn
thm cch g v k nng g phm bng ngn ci (phm cch) v
ngn t (ch in hoa).
39
c) Cc ch vi phn mm Mario
40
Gi tr WPM t
c trong bi luyn
va thc hin
Hnh 6
Trong mn hnh trn ta c th thy nhng tham s dng
nh gi bi luyn ca hc sinh va thc hin gm:
s k t g.
Errors: s li g sai.
Word/Min: gi tr WPM t c trong bi luyn.
Accuracy:
t l g chnh xc c tnh bng
Errors
mi
k
Hnh 7
Trong ch ny, phn mm s t ng nh gi ton
b qu trnh luyn tp ca hc sinh ny. Vi mi mc
luyn tp (mc 1, 2, 3 hoc 4), sau khi hc sinh thc hin
tt tt c cc bi luyn, t c mc WPM nh ng k,
phn mm s tng phn thng cho hc sinh ny bng mt
mn hnh c pho hoa chc mng. C su bi luyn nh
sau:
Hnh 8
- Ch lm vic khng cn ng k tn hc sinh. Trong
ch ny, mn hnh ban u ca Mario s c li cho
nh sau:
Hnh 9
Trong ch ny phn mm khng th nh gi tng
th qu trnh luyn tp ca hc sinh m ch nh gi
theo mi bi luyn.
42
Hnh
nh
Gi tr ti thiu Goal
WPM
0
10
30
4 - Mc t do
43
b)
44
Hnh 10
Cc thao tc cn hng dn hc sinh lm bao gm:
+ Thao tc ng k mt hc sinh mi (lnh StudentNew).
+ Thao tc np hay ng nhp vo phn mm bng tn
ng k (lnh StudentLoad).
+ Thao tc t li gi tr Goal WPM = 10 bng cch thc
hin lnh StudentEdit v nhp ti v tr Goal WPM nh
hnh 10.
c)
S ch g
Gi tr WPM
t c
S li g sai
45
Hnh 11
Thng tin nh gi bi luyn ang thc hin lun hin trn mn
hnh.
46
Bi 2. g t n gin
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh hiu c khi nim t trong khi g vn bn. Hc
sinh nm c cc nguyn tc g ng mt t.
Hc sinh bc u hiu v c k nng g cc t n gin
bao gm hai hoc ba ch ci.
Hc sinh thao tc c vi phn mm Mario thc hin
cc bi luyn tp mc 2, tc l mc tp g cc t n
gin.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Gio vin cng c th cho hc sinh thc hnh trc tip bng
cch dng phn mm son tho Word luyn g vn bn
n gin.
g)
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh nm c chc nng v cch nhn gi phm Shift
bng ngn tay t trong khi tp g bng 10 ngn.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
48
d)
e)
1. Mc ch, yu cu
n luyn cch g v k nng g cc t n gin c kt
hp phm Shift g cc ch in hoa.
Hc sinh thc hin c cc thao tc tp luyn vi phn
mm Mario thc hin cc bi luyn tp mc 2 vi bi
luyn All Keyboard.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
49
c)
50
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
Hc sinh hiu v bit cch s dng cc phn mm hc
tp trnh by trong sch gio khoa.
Thng qua cc phn mm, hc sinh hiu c ngha ca
vic ng dng my tnh trong cc lnh vc khc nhau ca
cuc sng (nh hc ton, tm hiu thin nhin, chi th
thao,...).
Thng qua nhng chc nng ca phn mm, hc sinh
cng hiu bit thm v c thc trong vic s dng my
tnh ng mc ch.
b) V k nng
Hc sinh c k nng s dng v khai thc thnh tho cc
phn mm tr chi c gii thiu.
Thng qua hot ng hc v chi bng phn mm, hc
sinh c rn luyn kh nng thao tc vi chut my tnh.
c) V thi
Hc sinh cn c thi nghim tc khi hc v lm vic
trn my tnh, khng phn bit phn mm hc tp hay
phn mm tr chi.
Hc sinh cn c lin h t phn mm n thc t t
vic hc v chi trn my tnh rt ra cc bi hc thc t
nh yu thch hc ton, chi th thao, bo v mi trng
thin nhin.
51
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng bn bao gm ba bi hc tng ng vi ba phn mm
tr chi v hc tp sau:
Bi 1: Hc ton vi phn mm Cng hc ton 4 (6 tit).
Phn mm Cng hc Ton 4 nm trong b phn mm Cng
hc ton / Cng hc v dy ton do cng ti Cng ngh Tin
hc Nh trng pht hnh.
Bi 2: Khm ph rng nhit i (3 tit).
Phn mm Explores The RainForest nm trong b phn
mm tr chi dnh cho nh trng ca cng ti Microsoft pht
hnh min ph cho cc nh trng v gia nh.
Bi 3: Tp th thao vi tr chi Golf (3 tit).
Phn mm Crazy Golf nm trong nhm cc sn phm ca
Olltwit chuyn cung cp cc phm mm tr chi gio dc
min ph dnh cho la tui hc sinh.
b)
52
53
Hnh 13
- Biu tng mu vng: Cng hc ton 4 (Learning Math 4) l
phin bn dnh cho hc sinh n luyn v thc hnh lm
ton theo chng trnh lp 4. Trong sch gio khoa, chng ti
gii thiu v phn mm ny.
- Biu tng mu trng: Cng hc v dy ton 4 (Learning &
Teaching Math 4) l phin bn dnh cho gio vin hng dn
ging dy v hc sinh n luyn thc hnh ton lp 4.
Hai phin bn phn mm tuy khc nhau nhng thc cht cng
m phng cc dng ton cho hc sinh lp 4.
Gio vin c th linh hot khi dy bi hc ny. Gio vin c
th gii thiu c hai phn mm cho hc sinh bit v phn bit
s khc nhau gia chng. Cc bi luyn v t hc dnh cho hc
sinh nn lm theo phn mm Cng hc ton, cc bi hng dn hc
ton gio vin c th dng phn mm Cng hc v dy ton.
b)
54
Hnh 14
Mi nt lnh c hnh con c hoc sao bin ng vi mt ni
dung kin thc hc sinh n luyn v lm bi trn my tnh.
Cc biu tng nm bn tri mn hnh ng vi ni dung kin
thc hc k I. Cc biu tng nm bn phi mn hnh ng vi ni
dung kin thc hc k II. lm bi c th, hc sinh ch cn
nhy chut ln mt nt lnh.
c)
55
Nhn s c nhiu ch s vi s c mt ch s.
Nhn s bt k vi cc s c tn cng l cc ch
s khng: 10, 100, 1000,...
Nhn mt s vi s c hai ch s (khng nh).
Nhn mt s vi s c ba ch s (c nh).
n tp php nhn.
56
n tp php chia.
Lm quen vi phn s.
So snh phn s.
Rt gn phn s.
n tp hc k I.
n tp hc k II.
d)
57
f)
58
Hnh 15
S khc nhau gia hai phin bn phn mm ny th hin
qua hai iu sau y:
+ Trn mn hnh chnh ca Cng hc v dy ton, chng ta
c th chn cc phm vi kin thc chi tit v hp hn. Chc
nng ny cho php gio vin chn phm vi kin thc h
tr ging dy mt cch linh hot v ch ng. Khi nhy chut
ln mt biu tng, ta thy xut hin cc bng chn. Cc
bng chn ny li c th c cc bng chn con (nhiu mc).
+ Trong ca s lm ton, cc gio vin s thy xut hin mt
nt lnh mi, l nt lnh cho php nhp d liu trc
tip t bn phm lm u vo ca cc dng ton cn thc
hin.
Nt lnh nhp d
liu trc tip t
bn phm.
Hnh 16
Khi nhy chut vo nt nhp d liu, ca s nhp d liu
trc tip c th nh hnh di y:
Hnh 17
Sau khi nhp d liu nhy nt Chp nhn ng hoc
nhy nt B qua hu thao tc va thc hin.
59
Chc nng cho php nhp d liu trc tip ny s gip gio
vin hon ton ch ng khi s dng phn mm h tr ging dy
mn Ton tiu hc, chng trnh lp 4.
Bi 2. khm ph rng nhit i
Thi lng: 3 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh nm c cch chi v bit thao tc tham
gia tr chi ca phn mm.
Thng qua phn mm hc sinh bit thm v mt s loi
ng vt sng trong rng, c im sinh sng ca
nhng loi vt ny.
Thng qua phn mm hc sinh c thi yu thin nhin,
qu trng v bo v mi trng, bo v cc loi ng thc
vt qu him.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
60
Hnh 18
c)
d)
61
Hnh 19
e)
f)
62
b)
+ Lt chi ca ai.
+ S ln nh bng chun ca l ny (gi tr Par chun).
ang chi
l th 2
L ny cn 3 ln
nh bng
Lt chi ca ngi
chi th nht
Hnh 20
c)
d)
e)
Hnh 21
64
65
em tp son tho
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
Bit cc kh nng nh dng vn bn nh chn phng ch,
c ch, kiu ch v cn l on vn bn.
Bit khi nim sao chp vn bn v ch li ca sao chp
vn bn.
b) V k nng
S dng c cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c chn phng
ch, c ch, kiu ch v cn l on vn bn.
Chn phn vn bn v thc hin c thao tc sao chp
vn bn.
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng nm gm by bi (mi bi 2 tit), c dy trong 14
tit thc hnh l chnh kt hp vi l thuyt. Ni dung ca chng
bao gm cc bi:
Bi 1. Nhng g em bit.
Bi 2. Cn l.
Bi 3. C ch v phng ch.
Bi 4. Thay i c ch v phng ch.
Bi 5. Sao chp vn bn.
66
Bi 6. Trnh by ch m, nghing.
Bi 7. Thc hnh tng hp.
67
3. Nhng im cn lu
a)
b)
c)
68
d)
e)
b)
70
Bi 2. cn l
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit s dng cc nt lnh
l on vn bn.
cn
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Hnh 22
Cng nh chng hai, cc thao tc m tp v lu tp cha phi l
cc ni dung bt buc (v phi chn cc th mc thch hp
trn hp thoi) nhng gio vin c th gii thiu gy hng
th cho hc sinh. Gio vin khng nn gii thiu c hai thao tc
m v lu tp cng lc.
72
f)
73
Bi 3 V 4. c ch v phng ch
Thi lng: 4 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit kh nng thay i phng ch v c ch
trn vn bn ca phn mm son tho ni chung v ca
Word ni ring.
Thc hin c cc thao tc chn phn vn bn, chn c
ch v phng ch.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
74
75
Hnh 23
Thao tc chn phng ch cng tng t nh chn c ch.
tm nhanh phng ch cn thit trong danh sch, ta c th
g cc k t u ca tn phng ch vo phng ch (h.
24):
Hnh 24
Lu rng i vi hc sinh tiu hc vic c tn cc phng
ch khng phi l d dng. V th gio vin ch nn hn
ch gii thiu mt s phng ch chng ta quen s dng.
Mt iu rt quan trng cn lu cc em lm quen v ghi
nh ngay t khi bt u son tho vn bn l cc phn
mm son tho ch cung cp cng c, cn s dng cng c
mt cch hp l hay khng l do ngi dng. Trong trng
hp ny, Word cho php chn phng ch bt k c ci
t trn my tnh. Tuy nhin, trong mt vn bn khng nn
s dng qu nhiu phng ch khc nhau v s lm mt tnh
nht qun ca vn bn v vn bn tr nn kh c.
d)
Ni dung kin thc ca bi 4 cng l chn c ch v
phng ch, nhng mc ch l thay i c ch v phng
ch ca nhng phn vn bn c g. y chnh l mt
76
th
77
Hnh 25
f)
g)
78
Bi 5. sao chp vn bn
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit s dng cc nt lnh Sao
sao chp cc phn vn bn chn.
v Dn
Bit lu vn bn.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
79
c)
d)
80
Bi 6. Trnh by ch m, nghing
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit s dng cc nt lnh
ch m, ch nghing.
trnh by
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
d)
Cc nt lnh
v
hot ng nh cng tc ng/m. iu
c ngha rng, nu phn vn bn c chn l ch thng th sau khi nhy nt lnh
, n s c trnh by di
dng ch m. Cn nu nh phn vn bn c chn ang
trnh by di dng ch m th vic p dng nt lnh
s
trnh by li di dng ch thng. Gio vin nn lu hc sinh
s dng c hai nt lnh c kt qu trnh by kt hp
ch va m va nghing.
Trn thanh cng c nh dng cn c nt lnh nh dng
ch gch chn . Hc sinh c th nhy nt lnh ny do
tnh hiu ng, ham khm ph hiu bit hoc do vi
vng nn nhy nhm v tr. Khng nn hn ch hc sinh tm
hiu bit cc kin thc ngoi phm vi ni dung bi hc.
Ngc li, nn gii thch kt qu v khuyn khch hc sinh,
nhng cn kim sot hot ng ca hc sinh cc em
hon thnh phn ni dung ca bi hc.
e)
82
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
84
Th gii LOGO ca em
1. Mc tiu ca chng
a) V kin thc
Nhn bit c biu tng ca phn mm Microsoft
Windows Logo (MSW Logo gi tt l Logo) trn mn
hnh nn.
Nhn bit:
o Mn hnh chnh.
o Ca s lnh.
o Ngn nhp lnh.
o Ngn cha cc lnh vit.
o Hnh tam gic l biu tng ca Ra mi v tr.
Bit tn cc cu lnh n gin v gii thch c chc
nng ca mi lnh.
Bit t chc cc cu lnh n gin theo th t c
cu lnh phc.
Bit chia ct mt cng vic thnh cc n v nh
thc hin. Bc u hnh thnh cc yu t c s ca
thut ton v quy trnh.
Bit tip tc t khm ph, tm hiu nh phn mm
Logo.
b) V k nng
Bit khi ng/thot khi phn mm Logo.
Bit th nghim tng lnh ri rc ca Logo.
85
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Chng su dy trong khong 6 tit kt hp gia l thuyt v
thc hnh, khng phn bit tit l thuyt v tit thc hnh. Ni
dung ch yu l s dng mt s lnh ca Logo iu khin
Ra v cc hnh n gin, bao gm:
V cc on thng vi di khc nhau theo hai hng tin
v li.
Quay hay r theo nhng gc khc nhau.
Kt hp cc thao tc trn v c nhng hnh c
phc tp nng cao dn.
i mu v v nt v khi cn thit.
3. Nhng im cn lu
86
87
88
Bi 1. Logo l g?
2 tit
2 tit
Bi 3. S dng cu lnh lp
1 tit
Bi 4. n tp
1 tit
Chng trnh
TO LUCGIAC
REPEAT 6 [FD 30 RT 60]
END
LUCGIAC
TO KHANBAN
HT REPEAT 8 [LUCGIAC
RT 45]
END
Gii thch
TO Name - Bt u th
tc vi tn Name
REPEAT n - Lp n ln
FD n (FORWARD n) Tin
n bc
RT n (RIGHT n) Quay
phi n
END- Kt thc th tc
Khng phn bit ch
hoa, ch thng.
Kt qu
Lc gic
HT (HIDETUTLE) - Du
ra
(ngc vi ST SHOWTURTLE -Hin ra)
KHANBAN
Khn bn
89
TT
Chng trnh
TO KHANTHEU
HT REPEAT 30 [LUCGIAC
RT 12]
END
Gii thch
Kt qu
KHANTHEU
Khn thu
TO Mot
REPEAT 20[FD 5 RT 18]
END
TO Hai
REPEAT 20[FD 2 RT 18]
END
TO VuongMien
HT REPEAT 30 [FD 10
Mot Hai LT 12]
END
Th tc trong th tc
LT n (RIGHT n) Quay tri
n
VUONGMIEN
Vng min
TO NGOC
REPEAT 30 [FD 1 RT 12]
END
TO VONGCO
HT LT 180
REPEAT 18 [PD Ngoc PU
LT 10 FD 12]
END
PU (PENUP) Nhc bt
PD (PENDOWN) H bt
Vng eo c
VONGCO
90
TO HinhVuong :n
REPEAT 4 [FD :n RT 90]
END
Hinhvuong 50
HINHVUONG 80
Th tc c tham bin
HinhVuong :n Hnh
vung c cnh bng n
HV 50
HV 80
HCN 30 20
HCN 50 44
TT
Chng trnh
TO SQUARES :S
IF :S < 0 [ STOP]
REPEAT 4 [FD :S RT 90]
FD :S
SQUARES :S - 5
END
SQUARES 30
Gii thch
Kt qu
SQUARES 30
TO TOWER :S :T
IF :T = 0 [STOP]
SQUARES :S
TOWER :S :T - 1
END
TOWER 15 5
TOWER 15 5
10
TO FRAME
PU LT 90 FD 100 RT 90 BK
40 PD
REPEAT 4 [TOWER 15 4
RT 90]
END
FRAME
BK :n (BACK) Li ngc :n
bc (:n tham s)
FRAME
11
to CAY1 :L
IF :L< 5 [FD :L BK :L
STOP]
FD :L LT 30
CAY1 :L/2
RT 60
CAY1 :L/2
LT 30
BK :L
end
Cay1 80
Th tc quy
V Cy
Cay1 80
91
TT
12
13
Chng trnh
Gii thch
to CAY2 :L :P
IF :P=0 [FD :L BK :L
STOP]
FD :L
RT 30
CAY2 :L/2 :P-1
LT 60
CAY2 :L/2 :P-1
RT 30
BK :L
End
CAY2 80 3
Kt qu
CAY2 80 3
TO CAY :L :N
IF (:L<5) [FD :L BK :L
STOP]
FD :L RT 90
REPEAT :N [CAY :L/2 :N LT
180/:N]
RT 90 BK :L
END
CAY 80 3
CAY 80 3
14
perspective
repeat 72 [circle 100 rr 5]
perspective - Chuyn
sang ho 3D.
RR - rightroll - Cun i
mt cung trn ... (72
5 = 360)
Qu a cu
15
92
TO NHAC
SOUND [262
SOUND [330
SOUND [349
SOUND [392
WAIT 50
SOUND [262
SOUND [330
SOUND [349
SOUND [392
.............
WAIT 50
SOUND [392
SOUND [330
SOUND [262
SOUND [330
SOUND [294
50]
50]
50]
150]
50]
50]
50]
150]
100]
100]
100]
100]
100]
TT
Chng trnh
Gii thch
Kt qu
END
Hnh 26
i vi nhng th tc c tham s th tham s c du hai
chm (:) ng trc, v d, CAY2 :L :P. Trong nh ngha th tc
th tham chiu n phi c c du hai chm nh minh ho
hnh 27.
Hnh 27
93
Hnh 28
II. hng dn chi tit
Bi 1. Logo l g?
Thi lng: 2 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit biu tng ca phn mm, bit khi
ng/thot khi phn mm Logo.
Nhn bit mn hnh chnh, ca s lnh, ngn nhp
lnh, ngn cha cc lnh vit, biu tng ca Ra trn
mn hnh.
94
b)
c)
d)
e)
Bi T2
95
Cu
lnh
Hnh ng ca
Ra
FD 50
RT 90
FD 100
RT 90
FD 50
RT 90
FD 100
RT 90
Lnh ny c th b qua.
Thm RT 45
96
Thm RT 135
b)
Bi T5
Dy lnh v
hnh
vung
Dy lnh v
hnh
ch
nht
Lu khi ging dy
FD n
RT 90
FD n
RT 90
FD n
RT 90
FD n
RT 90
FD n1
RT 90
FD n2
RT 90
FD n1
RT 90
FD n2
RT 90
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
c)
d)
f)
RT n
LT n
Bi B1
Nhng cu ng c nh du
thch l do.
Fd 100
Fd 100.
FD 100 RT 60
FD100
FD 100 FD 50
FD 100RT 50
CS FD 100 RT 60
b)
CS FD 100 RT 60...
Bi B2
Bng di y cho kt qu ca bi tp:
Cu lnh sai
98
Cu
ng
lnh
sa
Fd 100.
Fd 100
B du chm cui cu
lnh.
FD 100, RT 60
FD 100 RT 60
B du phy.
FD100
FD 100
Thm du cch.
FD 100RT 50
FD 100 RT 50
Thm du cch.
CS FD 100 RT
60...
CS FD 100 RT
60
B cc du chm cui
cu.
CS, FD 100, RT
60.
CS FD 100 RT
60
B du phy v du
chm.
Bi T1
99
d)
Bi T4
bi
Cu lnh
FD 100 RT 90 FD 60 RT 90 FD 30 RT 90 FD 60
HT
L c
RT 30 FD 80 RT 120 FD 80 RT 120 FD 80 HT
gic
Tam
Cu thang
FD 40 RT 90 FD 60 LT 90 (bc thang th
nht)
FD 40 RT 90 FD 60 LT 90 (bc thang th hai)
FD 40 RT 90 FD 60 LT 90 (bc thang th ba)
HT
Khai thc:
Cu lnh
Pht trin t mu l c:
FD 80 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD
40
100
Kt qu
Gii
thch
Lp
ln:
L c
L c
L c
L c
bn
xanh
hng
lam
e)
Bi T5
Lnh
FD 20 RT 90 FD 20 RT 90 FD 20 RT 90 FD
20
Lp li dy lnh 1 ( trn).
Lp li dy lnh 1 ln th hai.
Lp li dy lnh 1 ln th ba.
HT
Kt qu
Lnh
FD 80 RT 90 FD 80 RT 90 FD 80 RT 90 FD
80
Kt qu
101
BK 40 RT 90
FD 80
BK 40
RT 90
FD 40 BK 80 HT
Bi 3. S dng cu lnh lp
Thi lng: 1 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Hc sinh bit gii thch ni dung cu lnh lp, bit ch
ra cc hnh ng b lp, s ln lp.
Hc sinh vit c mt cu lnh lp n gin.
Hc sinh nhn bit c cch vit ng, cch vit sai
trong cc mu cu lnh c a ra.
Bit th nghim cc cu lnh lp n gin.
Bit s dng lnh WAIT chn vo dy cu lnh
nhng v tr thch hp nhm lm chm qu trnh thc
hin cc cu lnh c bn, gip vic nhn thc, khm ph
cc lnh c trc quan, d hiu hn. Logo c chc nng
d lnh (Trace), gip theo di qu trnh thc hin cc
lnh nhng vic s dng cu lnh WAIT gip gio vin v
hc sinh kim sot cc lnh ch ng hn.
102
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
1. Mc ch, yu cu
n tp li 14 lnh hc.
Trng tm l nm lnh tin, li, quay tri, quay phi, xo
mn hnh v v tr xut pht.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a)
b)
Bi T2
b)
T
T
Lnh
Kt qu
BK 40 RT 90 PU FD 40 PD
FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 40
HT
Bi T4
Cu a. Cu lnh REPEAT v cu thang gm ba bc:
Lnh
REPEAT 3[FD 40 RT 90 FD 60 LT 90]
Cu b. Gi :
104
Kt qu
Lnh
REPEAT 3[FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 LT
90]
RT 90
(chnh hng Ra)
REPEAT 3[FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 LT
90]
(lp li cu lnh 1)
HT
(du Ra)
Kt qu
105
Em hc nhc
1. Mc tiu ca chng
Nn bm st mc tiu v ni dung chng trnh dy nhc
Tiu hc trong vic dng phn mm my tnh h tr dy v hc
m nhc Tiu hc.
Dng phn mm my tnh h tr vic dy v hc nhc
Tiu hc.
Chng trnh dy hc m nhc Tiu hc nhm mc tiu
cho hc sinh c th hng mt nn gio dc ton din, c
c vn vn ho m nhc c bn, chun mc ngay t
tui nh, bit thng thc m nhc lnh mnh trong
cuc sng. Phn mm hc nhc l cng c h tr to thun
li cho gio vin v hc sinh thc hnh nm vng
kin thc m nhc ban u c hc theo SGK.
106
a) Yu cu kin thc
Bm st ni dung chng trnh m nhc hc mu
gio v t lp 1 n lp 4 tiu hc v to cho hc sinh kh
nng hc tip m nhc lp 5 v THCS.
o Phn mm Encore gip hc sinh nm c nhng
kin thc ban u v m nhc: nhn bit tn nt
nhc trong khung nhc vi kho sol, gip hc sinh tp
c nhc nh yu cu hc m nhc theo SGK, lm c
s cho hc sinh tip tc hc nhc sau ny.
o Phn mm Encore h tr gy hng th cho hc sinh
tch cc t hc m nhc, tp luyn nghe, tp c
nhc v tp ht ng nhc.
Nng cao hiu qu ca m nhc trong sinh hot ngoi
gi, gip gio vin v hc sinh to khng kh vn ngh rn
rng, sinh ng, vui ti trong hon cnh thiu nhc c.
b) K nng
Hc sinh bit khi ng phn mm Encore, m v chi
nhng bn nhc c lu sn trn a CD hay a
cng trong my tnh.
Hc sinh nhn bit mt bn nhc trn mn hnh Encore:
s b ca bn nhc, s nhp trn khung nhc, s khung
nhc trn mt trang, kho, s ch nhp, cc nt nhc, v
tr ca nt nhc cc dng v cc khe trn khung nhc,
nhng k hiu nhc khc.
Nhn bit phn bit cao , trng ca nhng nt
nhc trn khung nhc, s ch nhp, phch mnh, nh,...
c) Yu cu v phn mm
Cn la chn phn mm thch hp, p ng nhng mc
tiu v yu cu ni dung chng trnh:
107
2. Ni dung ch yu ca chng
Vi mc tiu dng phn mm my tnh h tr hc m nhc v
sinh hot ngoi gi cho hc sinh lp 4, ni dung chng Em hc
nhc bao gm bn phn sau:
a) Lm quen vi phn mm Encore
Gii thiu phn mm v khi ng Encore.
Thng qua thc hnh: khi ng Encore, m bn nhc,
tp nghe nhc, hc sinh nm c:
o Encore l g?
o Lm quen vi mn hnh Encore, hc sinh nhn
bit:
108
109
3. Nhng im cn lu
Thi gian dy v hc chng by l 6 tit, v vy ch
t chc dy hc hp l, cn trang b my tnh phng hc, c
loa my tnh, my chiu (projector) hoc ti vi mn hnh 25-30
inch, hc sinh c thc hnh theo hng dn ca gio vin.
Gio vin ging dy ni dung ny l nhng gio vin dy tin
hc c bi dng v m nhc hoc gio vin m nhc c bi dng v tin hc. iu ny l kh thi, ph hp vi nng lc ca nhng
gio vin tr c o to theo chng trnh chun ho trong
nhng nm gn y.
a) Phng php dy hc
Ch trng tng cng thc hnh.
Pht huy tnh tch cc, nh nhng, va sc, dy t d
n kh. Mc d s dng phn mm trong dy hc nhc,
gio vin vn cn bi dng qun ca tng cng tnh
tch cc v t qun ca hc sinh.
T chc gi dy l quan trng, to c khng kh m
nhc sinh ng, cun ht, gy hng th cho hc sinh,
va hc va chi, t chc vui, tr chi da trn cc
bn nhc quen thuc vi hc sinh v gii thiu mt s bn
nhc hay.
b) Gio vin cn ch
Nm vng tc dng ca phn mm Encore trong dy hc
m nhc, nht l khi khng c n oc-gan v thiu gio
vin bit nh n oc-gan thnh tho.
Ch phi hp gia l thuyt v thc hnh sao cho hp l
tng hiu qu s dng phn mm: theo phn phi
chng trnh nn dy l thuyt 0,5 tit, thc hnh 1 tit.
110
111
c)
d)
e)
M v chi mt bn nhc.
f)
g)
112
Trong khi s dng Encore, nht l khi ging dy trn lp, gio
vin cn n chc nng phng to/thu nh vi cng c
thanh cng c.
trn
Cng c Zoom
Hnh 30
Nhy chut vo mi tn
bn phi cng c
, mt bng
chn c hin ra cho php chn cc mc phng to/thu nh:
Hnh 31
Mc bnh thng (Restore Level):
o Fit Page: hin th ton b bn nhc trn mt trang.
o Fit Width: hin th bn nhc sao cho chiu rng va
vi chiu rng ca trang mn hnh.
o Actual Size: hin th kch thc thc ca bn nhc.
o Constant Scale: hin th khung nhc vi kch thc
khng ph thuc vo thit t trong hp thoi Page
Setup. Kch thc hin th ny ch ph thuc vo
kch thc giy.
Mc Zoom Level:
o C th chn phng to bn nhc ln 2, 3 hay 4
ln.
o Ngoi ra, c th dng tu chn Custom... vi t l
phng to/thu nh t 25% n 400%.
114
Thanh dn
nhp
Hnh 32
C th thay i tc chi nhc: bng cch vo mc
MeasuresTempo ri thay i t l phn trm ca trng
chun trong hp thoi sau (h. 33):
115
T l phn
trm ca trng
chun
Hnh 33
Hoc vo mc WindowsTempo ri di chuyn con
chy:
Hnh 34
116
Bi 2. em hc nhc vi Encore
Thi lng: 1,5 tit.
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Nh s h tr ca phn mm Encore rn luyn cho hc
sinh nhn bit mt s khi nim c bn ca m nhc nh
cao , trng , cng v nhp phch thng qua cc k
hiu m nhc trn mn hnh v nghe nhc t loa my tnh.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
Cao . Nhc li by nt nhc (, R, Mi, Pha, Sol, La, Si),
dng Encore h tr tp luyn nghe, c bn nhc n gin v
ht theo nhc trong thc hnh dn dn cho hc sinh nhn
bit cao . Khi cho hc sinh tp c nhc, ch cc em c
ng tn v cao ca cc nt nhc.
Cho hc sinh nghe v c nhiu ln nhng nt ch ca
gam trng: , Mi, Sol v c tm nt , R, Mi, Pha, Sol, La,
Si, () trong khung nhc.
Hnh 35
Cho hc sinh nhn xt m thanh cao ln dn ca nhng
nt nhc t tri sang phi khung nhc th hin cao ca
nhng nt nhc.
3. Kin thc b sung
Mt s k hiu v khi nim m nhc
Khung nhc c nh ngha l nm dng k song song
cch u nhau v bn khe to bi nhng ng thng . Trn
khung nhc, nhng nt nhc c vit dng k hoc khe
gia hai dng k xc nh tn nt nhc v th hin c khi
nim cao ca nt nhc (mc trm bng ca mt nt
nhc). By nt , R, Mi, Pha, Sol, La, Si sp xp cao dn (tip
theo l , R,...).
117
Hnh 36
C nhiu kho nhc khc nhau, nhng ngi ta thng s dng
kho sol v kho pha.
Hnh 37
Kho sol xc nh tn cc nt nhc ghi dng th hai t di
ln l nt sol, cn kho pha xc nh tn nt nhc ghi dng th
t t di ln l nt pha (t nhn bit tn v cao ca by nt
nhc trn khung nhc).
Hc sinh khng c hc cc khi nim m nhc nh gam, hp
m, tuy nhin gio vin cn nh v hiu r gam, tc dng ca
gam trong luyn nghe, tp c nhc v ht ng nhc.
tiu hc, cc bn nhc, bi ht thng dng gam trng
hoc la th (khung nhc c kho sol v nt nhc khng c du
thng, ging).
Vi h tr ca Encore, gio vin m mt khung nhc c hai
nt , (qung tm) hoc ba nt , Mi, Sol (ba nt ch ca
gam trng) hoc c tm nt , R, Mi, Pha, Sol, La, Si,
(trong th mc nhactieuhoc) cho hc sinh nghe. Ch phn bit, so
snh cao ca nhng nt v ri cho hc sinh tp c theo
nhiu ln (c lp hoc tng hc sinh).
Nhc li v cao (cung v na cung) v thang m qung
tm: vi Encore, gio vin c iu kin thun li luyn cho hc
sinh nghe, c, phn bit cao na cung (mi-fa, si-) v
cung (nhng nt lin tip khc nh -r, r-mi, fa-sol, sol-la, lasi), cn kin tr luyn thc hnh cho hc sinh c nhc, dn
118
119
, nhp ba-bn
: nhp
= nhp
= nhp
Nhp
nhp
v su-tm
, nhp
Nhp
c s trn bng 4, tc l mi nhp c 4 phch,
phch 1 l phch mnh, phch 2 l phch nh, phch 3 l phch
mnh va, phch 4 l phch nh.
Nhp
mi nhp c 6 phch, phch 1 l phch mnh, phch
2 v 3 l phch nh, phch 4 l phch mnh va, phch 5 v 6 l
phch nh.
Bi 4. sinh hot tp th vi Encore
Thi lng: 1,5 tit.
120
1. Mc ch, yu cu
Trong nhng bi hc trn, hc sinh n tp, cng c v
nm vng hn nhng kin thc m nhc c hc
trong sch gio khoa m nhc.
Bi ny gip hc sinh t nh n oc-gan bng chut
hoc bn phm my tnh.
Hng dn hc sinh dng Encore h tr nhng bui sinh
hot tp th, tp ht, biu din vn ngh.
2. Nhng im cn lu v gi dy hc
a) nh n oc-gan bng chut hoc bn phm my tnh
Trong sch Cng hc tin hc - Quyn 1, hc sinh lm quen
vi phn mm Pianito tp nh n Piano bng chut v
bn phm, nhm cho hc sinh luyn cc thao tc vi chut v bn
phm.
Vi Encore, gio vin cho hc sinh luyn tp theo hai cch:
dng chut v dng bn phm my tnh nh n.
Ch cn nhn phm Q, ri nhn cc phm A, S, D, F,
nh n v c th tng hay gim cao theo tng qung tm
bng cch nhn phm + hay .
121
Hnh 38
Gio vin hng dn hc sinh thc hnh bi mi, n tp, luyn
nghe v tp ht theo ng nhc. Gio vin nn thit lp mt b
su tp nhc hp vi la tui hc sinh.
b) Sinh hot tp th
Gio vin hng dn hc sinh dng Encore m nhc m
cho li ht trong cc bui tp ht hay vn ngh to khng kh si
ni, rn rng, ho hng hn. Nh vy, Encore rt c ch khi ta
thiu n hay nhc cng.
122
Hnh 39
C th nh mt bn nhc trn n oc-gan c gn
a mm hay thit b nh flash ghi li, ta c mt bn nhc
dng MIDI. Dng Encore m li bn nhc , ta thy nhng
khung nhc vi y phn m (t ng) ca n
oc-gan. Nh vy, dn dn ta c th lp c mt b su tp
nhng bn nhc a thch dng MIDI. Nh , c th s dng
Encore h tr hc sinh trong sinh hot tp th.
123
Mc lc
Phn 1 - nhng vn chung
I. Gii thiu chng trnh..............................................................3
II. Gii thiu sch Cng hc tin hc ........................................3
Phn 2 - nhng vn c th
Khm ph my tnh...................................................................9
em tp v................................................................................. 17
Em tp g 10 ngn..................................................................30
chi v hc cng my tnh......................................................40
em tp son tho.....................................................................52
Th gii LOGO ca em.............................................................65
Em hc nhc............................................................................84
124
125