Hướng Dẫn Lập Chỉ Dẫn Kỹ Thuật Trong Thi Công - dân Dụng Và Công Nghiệp

B XY DNG
HI KT CU V CNG NGH XY DNG VIT NAM
TI KHOA HC CNG NGH

M S TC 32 09
HNG DN LP CH DN K THUT TRONG THI CNG CC CNG

TRNH XY DNG DN DNG V CNG NGHIP
H NI - 2011
B XY DNG
HI KT CU V CNG NGH XY DNG VIT NAM
TI KHOA HC CNG NGH

M S TC 32 09
HNG DN LP CH DN K THUT TRONG THI CNG CC CNG

TRNH XY DNG DN DNG V CNG NGHIP
C quan ch qun ti:
B Xy dng
C quan ch tr ti:
Hi Kt cu v Cng ngh Xy dng Vit Nam
Ch nhim ti:
GS.TSKH Nguyn Vn Lin
H NI - 2011
Nhng ngi tham gia thc hin ti:

PGS.TS Trn Chng
TS Trnh Vit Cng
TS H Minh
ThS L Nguyn Gip
ThS Nguyn Huy Quang
ThS L Quang Tam
GS.TS on nh
Kin
PGS L Kiu
TS Nguyn nh o
KS o Vn Yn
ThS Nguyn Huy Anh
TS Kin
C vn ti:
GS.TS Ng Th Phong
PGS.TS Hong Nh Tng
MC LC
Phn 1 Cc yu cu chung
Chng 1.1 Tiu chun k thut v nh ngha ..
10
Chng 1.2 Cc yu cu v th tc hnh chnh .
15
Chng 1.3 Cc yu cu v qun l cht lng
20
Chng 1.4 Cc yu cu v vt t, thit b (sn phm)..
23
Chng 1.5 Cc yu cu trong thi cng xy dng
27
Chng 1.6 Ti liu thanh l H s hon cng
29
Phn 2 Chun b thi cng
30
..
33
Chng 2.1 Dn dp mt bng..
36
38
Chng 2.2 Kim tra v bo v mt bng cng trng.
39
Chng 2.3 Phng th nghim v trang thit b th nghim.
48
Phn 3 Cng tc nn mng
60
..
66
Chng 3.1 Cc ng / p
67
...
79
Chng 3.2 Cc khoan nhi v tng trong t.....
82
Chng 3.3 X l nn (bc thm/ ging ct hoc tr t xi mng)..............
86
Phn 4 Cng tc b tng, b tng ct thp, gch ..............................
89
Chng 4.1 Cng tc b tng
90
109
Chng 4.2 Cng tc b tng c sn ..
117
Chng 4.3 Cng tc b tng ng lc trc
125
Chng 4.4 Cng tc gch v gch c ct thp ..
126
Phn 5 Cng tc kim loi ..........................................................................
129
Chng 5.1 Kt cu thp .............................................................................
136
Chng 5.2 H sn, h tng, h mi thp ................................................
138
Chng 5.3 Cc kt cu thp v kim loi khc............................................
141
Phn 6 Cng tc hon thin ...................................................................
144
Chng 6.1 Yu cu chung..........................................................................
148
Chng 6.2 Cng tc lt ............................................................................
152
Chng 6.3 Cng tc lng ..........................................................................
154
Chng 6.4 Cng tc trt ............................................................................
156
Chng 6.5 Cng tc p .............................................................................
159
Chng 6.6 Cng tc vi, sn, vc ni ..........................................................
161
Chng 6.7 Cng tc gia cng, lp t ca ................................................
163
Chng 6.8 Cng tc lp t trn gi ..........................................................
166
Chng 6.9 Cng tc lp mi ....................................................................
167
Chng 6.10 Cng tc chng thm .............................................................
167
Chng 6.11 Cng tc chng nng .............................................................
168
Chng 6.12 Cng tc lp knh cho mt ng ngoi nh............................
172
Chng 6.13 Cc yu cu v gio v an ton lao ng khi hon thin

Phn 7 Thit b c in cng trnh ..........................................................
Chng 7.1 H thng cp, thot nc ........................................................
7.1.1 Nhng vn chung ............................................................................
7.1.2 Yu cu k thut i vi vt t, thit b................................................
7.1.3 Bn v .................................................................................................
7.1.4 Yu cu lp t ...................................................................................
7.1.5 Kim tra v th nghim .......................................................................
7.1.6 Bo hnh v bo dng .....................................................................
7.1.7 Ph lc ................................................................................................
Chng 7.2 H thng in .........................................................................
7.2.1 Nhng vn chung.............................................................................
7.2.2 Yu cu k thut ..................................................................................
7.2.3 Yu cu lp t ...................................................................................
Chng 7.3 H thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi ..............................
7.3.1 Nhng vn chung..............................................................................
7.3.2 My v thit b trong h thng iu ha khng kh ............................
7.3.3 ng ng h thng lm lnh ............................................................
173
180
181
181
183
183
184
194
199
199
201
213
224
241
251
256
259
263
7.3.4 H thng thng gi .............................................................................
271
7.3.5 Chng n mn v cch nhit ..............................................................
279
7.3.6 Qun l ting n v rung ng c kh ................................................
279
7.3.7 Cc thit b o m ............................................................................
286
7.3.8 Cc thit b, ph tng v ph kin in ...............................................
293
7.3.9 Cc thit b iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh ..........................
293
7.3.10 Th nghim, o c, iu chnh v nghim thu h thng iu ha
293
khng kh v thng gi .................................................................................
294
Chng 7.4 Thang my v thang cun .......................................................
295
7.4.1 Thang my .........................................................................................
296
7.4.2 Thang cun .........................................................................................
296
Chng 7.5 Chng st cho cng trnh
297
.....................................................
7.5.1 Nhng vn chung ...........................................................
298
7.5.2 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b...........................................................
299
7.5.3 Thi cng ........................................................................................
300
7.5.4 Kim tra, nghim thu .....................................................................

Chng 7.6 Phng chy, cha chy cho cng trnh
7.6.1 Nhng vn chung .............................................................................
7.6.2 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b bo chy.............................................
7.6.3 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b cha chy..........................................
7.6.4 Thi cng ........................................................................................
7.6.5 Kim tra, nghim thu......................................................................
.
PHN 1 CC YU CU CHUNG
CHNG 1.1 TIU CHUN K THUT V NH NGHA
1.1.1 Nhng vn chung
1.1.1.1
Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny nu cc tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh,

hng dn s dng ch vit tt, nu nh ngha cc thut ng trong ch dn k thut.
1.1.1.2
Cc chng v ti liu lin quan
Lit k cc chng ca Ch dn k thut c lin quan n ni dung ca chng ny. Lit

k cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng .
1.1.1.3 Cc nh ngha thut ng
Nu nh ngha cc thut ng s dng trong chng: do trong ch dn k thut c nhng
thut ng, t vng c th (V d: trnh, c chp nhn, ... ) nn cn phi nh ngha
thng nht trong cch hiu v s dng.
1.2.1.4 Cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng
Lit k cc tiu chun, quy phm p dng lin quan n ni dung ca chng.
1.1.2 Tiu chun k thut p dng cho d n
1.1.2.1 Tn, k hiu cc tiu chun
Nu tn, k hiu, nm ban hnh ca cc tiu chun ca Vit nam ang c hiu lc php l
v c la chn p dng cho cng trnh. Mt phn ni dung ca cc tiu chun c
th c sao chp trc tip vo bn ch dn k thut ny.
Nu tn, k hiu, nm ban hnh ca cc tiu chun k thut ca nc ngoi c khuyn
co p dng cho cng trnh.
1.1.2.2 Hiu lc ca tiu chun
Nu yu cu v hiu lc ca quy phm, tiu chun c s dng trong ch dn k thut.
(V d: phi l phin bn mi nht trong thi hn c hiu lc ca Ti liu hp ng, nu
khng c quy nh khc). Cc quy chun k thut quc gia hoc cc tiu chun m chnh
quyn ban hnh c tnh bt buc p dng th cn c cp nht v lun phi tun th.
1.1.2.3 Cc yu cu khc i vi tiu chun
Nu cc yu cu khc i vi tiu chun. V d: Khi xut hin nhng yu cu v vic la
chn cc tiu chun k thut khc nhau t mc cht lng ph hp hn th nh thu
thi cng xy dng c th lp tiu ch so snh. Ch u t c quyn quyt nh la chn
tiu chun p dng sau khi tham khaorys kin ca t vn thit k.
1.1.2.4 Cc bn sao tiu chun

Nu yu cu i vi tng nh thu v vic nm r cc tiu chun p dng vo cc cng
vic ca mnh trong d n.
Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic sao chp cc tiu chun p dng cho cng vic ca
h. V d: Nh thu c trch nhim sao chp, lu gi ti vn phng hin trng v dch ra
ting Vit
tt c cc tiu chun nc ngoi p dng cho cng trnh.
1.1.3 Ch vit tt v tn gi
Nu cc yu cu i vi vic s dng ch vit tt trong Ch dn k thut. i vi cc ch
vit tt thng dng nh tn gi ca tiu chun c cng nhn trong nc v quc t
(V d: TCVN, TCXDVN, ISO, BS, ASTM)., tn cc t chc quc t (V d: LHQ, WB,
UNICEF, NATO) th khng cn gii thch, nh ngha
Trng hp cc ch vit tt m cha c cng nhn th cn gii thch v vit y ng
thi ch r cc ch vit tt c p dng vo iu khon no ca ch dn k thut.
1.1.4 nh ngha thut ng
Nu cc nh ngha thut ng s dng trong ch dn k thut. Trong , thng nht trong
cch hiu v cch s dng mt s thut ng sau:
Nhng vn chung l phn u ca tng chng nhm tm tt cc ni dung c bn
ca chng .
c chp thun. Khi nim c chp thun trong ch dn k thut c hiu l mt
iu kin bt buc khi tun th cc iu kin hp ng. V d: Bn v thi cng phi
c chp thun trc khi thi cng; Khi nh thu ngh chuyn cng vic thi cng phi
c chp thun ca ngi c trch nhim c quy nh trong iu kin ca hp ng.
Ch th l mnh lnh hoc hng dn ca ngi ph trch (c th l ngi ch huy hay
ngi k s t vn c quy nh trong iu kin ca hp ng).
Quy nh bao gm cc iu lut, qui nh, qui ch v cc lnh hp php do cc cp c
thm quyn ban hnh, cng nh cc iu l, quy c v tho thun trong hp ng thi
cng xy dng cng trnh.
Trang b. Khi nim trang b c hiu l vic cung ng v cp pht cho vic sn sng
thc hin cc hot ng thi cng xy dng. (V d: trang b dng c tho, d, lp rp h
thng iu ha khng kh).
Lp t. Khi nim lp t dng miu t cc hot ng thi cng cc cng vic lin quan
ti lp t my mc, thit b cng trnh v thit bi cng ngh din ra ti ni thc hin d
n.
Cng trng xy dng l khong khng gian nh thu tin hnh cc hot ng xy
dng mt cch ring r hoc cng chung vi cc n v ang thc hin phn vic khc nh
mt phn ca d n.
CHNG 1.2 CC YU CU V TH TC HNH CHNH

1.2.1 Nhng vn chung
1.2.1.1 Phm vi ca chng
Gii thiu tm tt ni dung ca chng. V d: Chng ny cp n cc ni dung sau:
-
Bo co danh sch nhn s;
Yu cu thng tin trong d n;
Cch thc phi hp gia cc bn;
Th tc trnh duyt cc ti liu;
Nht k thi cng;
Cc cuc hp v bin bn;
Cc mc khc (nu c).
1.2.1.2 Cc chng v ti liu c lin quan

Nu cc chng ca CH dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny. V d: Khi c Ch
dn k thut chng ny cn xem thm cc ni dung ca chng 1.5 Yu cu trong thi
cng xy dng.
thut ng, t vng c th nn cn phi nh ngha thng nht trong cch hiu v s
dng. V d: trnh, c chp nhn, ...
Lit k cc tiu chun v quy phm, quy nh lin quan n ni dung ca chng.
1.2.2 Bo co danh sch nhn s
Nu yu cu i vi cc bn tham gia d n trong vic bo co nhn s tham gia thc hin
d n. V d: Cc bn tham gia d n phi np danh sch nhn s ca mnh ph hp vi
cc cam kt trong h s d thu. Trong danh sch ny cn nu cc nhn vt qun l ch
cht (gim c d n, gim st trng, ch huy trng,...) v cc nhn vin khc tham gia
cc cng vic iu hnh trn cng trng. Bn danh sch ny c np cho ch u t
trong mt thi gian khng ch (v d: 15 ngy sau khi cng xy dng) ch u t gi
ti cc ch th tham gia hot ng xy dng bit v phi hp. Trong danh sch cn ch r
chc nng, nhim v, a ch lin h, s in thoi, hp th in t ca tng ngi v cn
thit c nh chn dung tin phi hp trong cng vic.

1.2.3 Quy nh v x l thng tin
- Quy nh ngha v ca cc nh thu tham gia hot ng thi cng xy dng trong vic
tip nhn v x l thng tin. V d: Cc bn tham gia hot ng thi cng xy dng (cc nh
thu thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st) phi nghin cu h s thit k, cc yu cu k
thut... lin quan ti cc cng vic m mnh m nhn, khn trng pht hin nhng ni
dung cn thit b sung gi ch u t nhm lm sng t thm cc iu khon trong vn
bn hp ng.
- Quy nh v cch trnh by thng tin. V d: Phi trnh by thng tin mt cch chi tit, r
rng; Cc ni dung cn lm r phi c trnh by theo biu thng nht nh sau:
+ Tn d n,
+ i tng (hng mc cng trnh, cng vic)
+ Ngy/thng/nm;
+ S ca vn bn yu cu thng tin,
+ Tn ca nh thu,
+ Tn ngi qun l cng trng,
+ Ni dung ca cc yu cu cn thng tin (v d: thiu s liu v kho st, bn v
khng y , vt t khng ph hp v khng c trn th trng...),
+ Tn v s ca phn ch dn k thut lin quan,
+ S bn v v cc ti liu tham kho tng ng,
+ iu kin hin trng thi cng,
+ Kin ngh ca nh thu (v d: cn khoan kho st b sung, i vt t tng ng,
bin php thi cng...),
+ Ch k ca nh thu,
+ Cc ti liu nh km (bn v, hnh nh, v cc thng tin khc).
- Nu yu cu v cch thc tip nhn v x l thng tin ca ch u t. V d: Ch u t
c trch nhim tip nhn thng tin v tham kho cc bn c lin quan (t vn thit k khi
10
c lin quan ti thit k) tr li trong thi hn 10 ngy lm vic.

1.2.4 Phi hp gia cc bn
s phi hp gia cc bn trong qu trnh trin khai thi cng xy dng c thun li
nhm gii quyt nhanh nht cc vn pht sinh, cc vng mc ca nh thu, m bo
thc hin d n mt cch tt nht cn ch dn cch thc phi hp, cch lm vn bn
xut hoc phiu trao i khi pht hin s vng mc hoc vn bt hp l.
1.2.4.1 Cch thc phi hp
- Nu mc ch phi hp l nhm gim thiu nh hng ca th tc hnh chnh ti tin
thi cng xy dng c duyt, c thi gian xem xt v x l cc yu cu, cn nu
trnh t v thi gian cho vic trnh duyt cc kin ngh ca nh thu thi cng xy dng.
- Quy nh thi gian ti a xem xt v gii quyt yu cu ca nh thu v thng tin v ti
liu lin quan (ni dung thng tin c th trnh by theo mu quy nh ti 1.2.3).
- Quy nh thi gian ti a cho vic xem xt, ph duyt li, nu ti liu phi trnh duyt li.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic gia hn tin ca hp ng. V d: Khng cho php bt c s
gia hn no v tin ca hp ng nu nh thu khng thc hin chuyn giao y ti
liu trnh duyt n ch u t.
1.2.4.2 Bao gi ti liu
Nu quy cch, k hiu v ni dung nhn dn trn mi loi ti liu trnh d nhn bit.
V d: Cc thng tin trn nhn gm:
- Tn d n.
- Ngy trnh.
- Tn v a ch K s ca nh thu.
- Tn v a ch Nh thu ( nh thu trnh c th l nh thu chnh, thu ph, nh sn xut,

nh thu cung ng ).
- S hiu v tiu ca vn trnh duyt.
1.2.4.3 Phiu trao i
Quy nh mu Phiu trao i thng nht cho ton d n. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn
ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Ni dung xut, l do xut, ngi xut.
11
- Ni dung tr li, ngi tr li.

1.2.4.4 Chuyn giao ti liu
Quy nh hnh thc giao nhn ti liu gia cc bn c p dng thng nht trn cng
trng.
1.2.5 Nht k thi cng
1.2.5.1 Quy nh v quy cch ca nht k
Nu mt mu nht k thng nht cho c d n v quy cch v hnh thc.
1.2.6.2 Quy nh v ni dung ghi nht k
Nu ni dung ghi nht k. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Tn cng trnh thi cng hoc hng mc cng trnh ang thi cng.
- S lng cng nhn ca nh thu m c trn cng trng v phn loi.
- Danh sch tt c cc nh thu ph, nhn vin v bt c chuyn gia no c mt trn cng
trng ngy hm . Danh sch c phn loi.
- Danh sch mi thit b trn cng trng.
- Kh hu (nhit cao thp) cng vi iu kin thi tit chung.
- Thi gian bt u v kt thc ngy lm vic.
- Tai nn v cc s c bt thng (nu c).
- Ghi nhn cc cuc hp v quyt nh quan trng c thc hin.
- Tnh hnh thi cng v khi lng cng vic thc hin.
- Cc th tc cp thit thc hin nh lp bin bn, lnh dng thi cng...
- Cc yu cu ca c quan kim tra thuc cc cp chnh quyn.
- Cc thay i c chp nhn v thc hin t ch u t hay k s gim st.
- Cc cng vic nm ngoi k hoch.
- Cng vic c hon thnh hoc cc ln khi ng th, kt qu nghim thu, nh gi.
- Cc hng mc hon thnh tng phn v kt qu nghim thu hoc yu cu chnh sa.
- Ngy hon thnh thc t c chng nhn.
12
1.2.6 Quy nh v cc cuc hp

Nu cc cuc hp lin quan n hot ng iu hnh d n c tin hnh ti cng trng,
trong cn quy nh r cc yu cu v cng tc chun b cho tng loi cuc hp.
1.2.6.1 Ngi tham d
Quy nh v thnh phn tham d (thnh phn bt buc v thnh phn tham d) i vi mi
loi cuc hp;
Quy nh v cch gi thng bo v t chc cuc hp. V d: Trong thng bo gi ti
nhng thnh vin bt buc v thnh vin khc c yu cu tham d phin hp phi ghi r
ngy v thi im khai mc cuc hp.
1.2.6.2 Chng trnh cuc hp
Ngi ch tr phin hp (v d: Gim c d n) phi chun bi chng trnh bui hp v
gi thng tin v chng trnh cho tt c cc thnh vin tham d.
1.2.6.3 Bin bn
Phn cng b phn no phi ghi li ni dung tho lun v nhng tha thun quan trng t
c. Quy nh vic k bin bn (ngi c thm quyn k, hiu lc ca bin bn...). Quy
nh v vic sao, gi bin bn ti cc ch th c lin quan (ch u t, qun l d n, t
vn gim st, nh thu thi cng xy dng...) trong mt thi gian nht nh sau bui hp (v
d: sau 2 ngy hoc 3 ngy).
1.2.6.4 Quy nh ngi c trch nhim
Nu cc quy nh i vi ngi c trch nhim gii quyt tng loi vn . V d: Quy
nh ngi c trch nhim ca Bn A c trch nhim n c cc bn thc hin bin bn
v bo co kt qu thc hin ti phin hp tip theo.
CHNG 1.3 CC YU CU V QUN L CHT LNG
1.3.1 Nhng vn chung
13
1.3.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny ch dn cc tiu chun, quy phm, quy nh
ca Nh nc v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng, cc quy nh v trch nhim ca
cc bn trong cng tc qun l cht lng.
1.3.1.2 Cc chng v ti liu lin quan
Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny. Nu cc ti liu
khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng.
dng. V d:
Bo m cht lng: l cc hot ng, hnh ng v th tc c thc hin trc v
trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng nhm phng nga nhng sai st, v m bo rng cng
tc trin khai thi cng xy dng s, ang c thc hin l tun th ng vi cc yu cu
t ra trong hp ng.
Kim tra cht lng: l cng vic th nghim, kim tra cng cc hnh ng lin quan
khc trong v sau khi thi cng xy dng nhm xem xt, nh gi nh lng cc sn phm
c hon thnh l tun th ng vi cc yu cu tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh.
Mu th nghim: l sn phm c kch c theo quy nh c s dng lm sng t kh
nng chu lc, thm m, cht lng ca vt liu v cng nh gi cht lng cng tc thi
cng, s phi hp v iu hnh.
Th nghim trc khi thi cng: Cc th nghim trn mu c thc hin theo yu cu
c th ca tng d n trc khi a cu kin, nguyn vt liu hoc bin php cng ngh
vo thi cng nhm m bo tnh nng hoc tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun c p
dng.
n v th nghim: Cc th nghim v kim tra phi c thc hin bi mt n v c t
cch php nhn, c iu kin nng lc.
14
1.3.2 Yu cu chung v qun l cht lng

Nu cc yu cu chung v cng tc qun l cht lng ca ch u t v ca nh thu
trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng. Nhng hot ng ny khng lm nh bt trch nhim
ca nh thu trong vic tun th theo cc yu cu ra trong ti liu hp ng.
Khi ch u t, hay cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn yu cu th nh thu phi cung
cp cc thng tin kim sot cht lng. Ni dung thng tin cn cung cp khng gii
hn trong nhng iu khon ca chng ny.
1.3.3 H thng qun l cht lng ca Nh thu
1.3.3.1 H thng qun l cht lng
Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic lp h thng qun l cht lng. V d: Vic lp h
thng qun l cht lng l mt iu kin m bo cht lng. H thng qun l cht
lng phn nh m hnh t chc thi cng xy dng trong phi xc nh c k hoch
nhn s cng nh cht lng nhn s; quy trnh, th tc qun l; nhng hng dn thc
hin; th nghim; ch bo co v cc hnh thc s c s dng thc hin trch
nhim ca nh thu m bo v kim sot tt cht lng thi cng xy dng, m bo s
phi hp tin thi cng xy dng ca cc nh thu. H thng qun l cht lng phi
c lp trc khi trin khai thi cng xy dng. Bn k hoch ny phi c ch u t
xem xt chp thun.
1.3.3.2 Yu cu i vi nhn lc qun l
Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic b tr nhn lc c chuyn mn v kinh nghim ph
hp vi cng vic c m nhn theo yu cu ca d n.
1.3.4.3 Th nghim v kim tra
Nu yu cu i vi k hoch qun l cht lng trong thi cng xy dng ca nh thu,
trong cn th hin chi tit cng vic th nghim v kim tra i vi cc loi sau y:
- Cc loi th nghim v kim tra do nh thu phi thc hin c nu trong h s Hp
ng.
- Cc loi th nghim v kim tra c thc hin bi cc nh thu ph.
- Kim tra theo yu cu ca c quan c thm quyn m nh thu phi thc hin.
1.3.3.4 Kim tra cht lng trong qu trnh thi cng
15
- Nu yu cu vic m t quy trnh kim tra lin tc ca nh thu trong qu trnh thi cng
xy dng pht hin, ngn nga nhng vi phm v cht lng v nh gi cht lng
thng qua kim tra v th nghim.
- Nu s kim tra ca nh thu trong lm r quy trnh v hnh thc t nghim thu
ca nh thu.
1.3.3.5 Bo co cht lng
Quy nh vic lp v lu tr cc ti liu lin quan ti cht lng cng trnh. V d: Cc bo
co kt qu th nghim, kt qu kim tra, kt qu nghim thu, bo co cht lng nh k
hoc t xut trong nu r nhng cng vic c chp thun, nhng cng vic b t
chi v kt qu khc phc, kt qu thc hin cc yu cu ca ch u t v ca c quan c
thm quyn. Cc ti liu cn c quy nh sp xp mt cch khoa hc thun tin trong
vic tra cu.
1.3.4 Cng tc m bo cht lng
Nu cc yu cu ti thiu phi xem xt trong qu trnh chun b v trin khai cc phn
cng vic tng ng nhm t ti s m bo rng vic lm ra mt sn phm s t cht
lng yu cu. Nhng yu cu c th cho tng cng vic ring bit c nu trong phn
yu cu b sung ca ch dn k thut.
1.3.4.1 Kim tra nng lc ca nh thu
Nu thi im v ngi c ngha v kim tra s ph hp v t cch php nhn ca ca nh
thu c nu so vi h s d thu.
1.3.4.2 Kim tra nng lc ca cc c nhn
Nu thi im v cch thc kim tra nng lc ca cc c nhn ph trch ph hp vi yu
cu cng vic c m nhn so vi h s d thu.
1.3.4.3 Nng lc thi cng xy dng
Nu ni dung kim tra nng lc trang thit b thi cng xy dng, nng lc cng nhn xy
dng ca nh thu so vi cam kt trong h s d thu.
1.3.4.4 Kim tra nng lc ca n v th nghim
Nu yu cu kim tra nng lc ca n v th nghim so vi yu cu cn kim tra.
16
1.3.4.5 Th nghim trc khi thi cng

- Nu cc th nghim m nh thu thi cng xy dng cn phi thc hin trc khi thi cng.
- Nu yu cu i vi bo co kt qu th nghim. V d: Bo co kt qu th nghim phi
c gi ti k s gim st c chp thun trc khi nh thu trin khai thi cng.
1.3.5 Cng tc kim tra cht lng
1.3.5.1 Trch nhim ch u t
Nu cc loi cng vic, vt t hoc sn phm c ch u t m nhn thc hin vic
kim tra cht lng. V d:
- Ch u t phi la chn mt t chc th nghim iu kin nng lc thc hin v
cng b cho cc bn lin quan bit phi hp:
- Ch u t cn cung cp cho nh thu tn, a ch, s in thoi ca n v tham gia th
nghim v nu r nhng loi th nghim v quy m h s thc hin.
- Ch u t s thu mt c quan th nghim thc hin cc th nghim v kim tra c
bit m cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn yu cu, coi l trch nhim ca ch u
t.
1.3.5.2 Trch nhim ca nh thu
Nu trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic kim tra cht lng sn phm xy dng. V d:
- Nh thu phi thc hin tt c cc th nghim theo quy nh ngoi cc th nghim thuc
trch nhim ca ch u t. Ngoi ra nh thu cn phi cung cp cc dch v kim sot
cht lng c yu cu bi cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn.
- Nh thu phi c phng th nghim nng lc hoc i thu thc hin cc dch v
kim tra cht lng. Nh thu khng c cng s dng n v th nghim thuc ch u
t tr phi c ch u t chp thun bng vn bn
- Nh thu phi thng bo cho n v th nghim t nht l 24 gi trc khi tin hnh th
nghim hay kim tra. n v th nghim phi trnh ch u t v cc c quan chc nng
c thm quyn khi h yu cu cc bn bo co kt qu th nghim.
- Nh thu phi thc hin cng tc th nghim v kim tra m khng c yu cu b sung
iu khon hp ng v cng vic ny thuc trch cng vic ni b ca nh thu.
17
1.3.5.3 Trch nhim ca n v kim tra

Nu trch nhim ca n v kim tra, kim nh cht lng. V d: n v kim nh c
trch nhim:
- Phi hp vi gim c d n, k s gim st v nh thu.
- Cung cp nhn vin th nghim cng nh ngi ph trch c iiu kin nng lc ph
hp vi php th yu cu.
- Cng k s v nh thu xc nh v tr v t chc ly mu ti ni sn xut hay ti cng
trng. Tin hnh th nghim c s chng kin ca cc bn lin quan.
- n v th nghim nhanh chng thng bo cho K s v nh thu v nhng bt thng v
thiu st nu quan st thy trn cng trnh trong qu trnh thc hin dch v ca mnh.
- n v th nghim cn trnh bo co bng vn bn, c xc nhn, i vi tng th
nghim, kim tra, v dch v kim sot cht lng tng t cho k s, copy cho nh thu
v cho cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn.
- n v th nghim cn trnh mt bo co cui cng kt qu th nghim v kim tra
trc khi hon thnh phn ln cng vic. Bo co ny bao gm c danh mc nhng sai st
cha c x l. n v th nghim din gii cc th nghim v kim tra v khng nh
trong tng bo co l cng tc th nghim v kim tra tun th ng vi, hay l i chch
hng so vi nhng quy nh trong cc ti liu Hp ng.
- n v th nghim s th nghim li v kim tra li nhng cng vic c chnh sa.
1.3.5.4 Trch nhim ti hin trng ca nh sn xut
Nu trch nhim ti hin trng ca nh sn xut. V d: Khi c yu cu, i din c
y quyn ca nh sn xut phi t chc kim tra cc cu kin c lp rp ti hin trng
v vic lp t thit b, bao gm c vic kt ni cc dch v. Sau bo co kt qu bng
vn bn.
1.3.5.5 Th nghim li/ Kim tra li
Nu cc trng hp m thu phi cung cp cc dch v kim sot cht lng, k c vic
th nghim li v kim tra li i vi cng trnh sau khi sa i hay thay th nhng
khuyt tt trn cng trnh trc khng khng p ng c cc yu cu nu ra trong
cc ti liu hp ng.
18
19
CHNG 1.4 CC YU CU V VT T,THIT B (SN PHM)

1.4.1 Nhng vn chung
1.4.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi
vic la chn cc loi vt t, vt liu, thit b s dng cho d n (sn phm u vo); vic
phn phi, vn chuyn, lu kho; cc tiu chun bo hnh ca nh sn xut cho tng sn
phm; vic bo hnh c bit v cc sn phm c th thay th.
1.4.1.2 Cc chng v ti liu c lin quan
Lit k cc chng ca Ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny.
dng.
1.4.2 Th tc trnh duyt
1.4.2.1 Danh sch sn phm xut
Nu yu cu i vi danh sch sn phm xut. V d: Nh thu phi trnh danh sch
cc sn phm chnh c xut s dng, trong phi ghi r tn nh sn xut, thng
hiu, s model ca mi sn phm trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy t c tho thun v
hp ng. i vi cc sn phm qui nh tham kho t cc tiu chun, lp danh sch cc
tiu chun c th p dng ch u t xem xt la chn.
1.4.2.2 Ti liu trnh v d liu sn phm
Nu yu cu i vi ti liu trnh v d liu sn phm. V d: Nh thu phi trnh d
liu tiu chun ban hnh ca nh sn xut. nh du mi bn sao nhn bit cc sn
phm, model, cc la chn c th p dng v thng tin khc. B sung d liu tiu chun
ca nh sn xut cung cp cc thng ring i vi d n.
1.4.2.3 Ti liu trnh v bn v thi cng
20
Nu yu cu i vi ti liu trnh v bn v thi cng. V d: Bn v thi cng phi c

chun b r rng, c th cho d n.
1.4.2.4 Ti liu trnh v mu
Nu yu cu i vi ti liu trnh v mu. V d: Ti liu minh ho cc c im, chc
nng v tnh thm m ca sn phm vi y cc cu kin v thit b km theo. Ring
i vi vic chn la sn phm cho phn hon thin, trnh cc mu c y cc loi
v tiu chun mu sc, kt cu, hoa vn ca nh sn xut.
1.4.2.5 Cc ti liu trnh khc
Nu yu cu i vi ti liu trnh khc. V d: Thuyt minh cc tin ch v cc c im
in nng, cc yu cu kt ni thc tin v v tr cc u ra tin ch i vi dch v ca
thit b v dng c chc nng i theo thit b.
1.4.2.6 Trch nhim ca ch u t, kin trc s hoc k s c y quyn
Nu trch nhim ca ch u t, kin trc s hoc k s c ch u t y quyn. V d:
Khi cn thit, ch u t, kin trc s hoc k s c ch u t y quyn yu cu nh
cung cp sn phm thng tin b sung hoc ti liu hng dn nh gi sau mt tun
nhn c sn phm. Kin trc s hoc k s phi thng bo cho nh thu v kt qu chp
thun hay t chi trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy nhn c mu sn phm hoc sau 7
ngy lm vic sau khi nhn c thng tin hay ti liu b sung theo yu cu.
1.4.3 Vn chuyn v giao nhn
Nu yu cu i vi tng thu (hoc gim c iu hnh) trong vic vn chuyn v giao
nhn sn phm. V d:
- Tng thu (hoc gim c iu hnh) phi c k hoch phi hp theo mt quy trnh phn
phi sn phm n cc khu vc mt cch khoa hc nhm gim thiu thi gian lu tr vt
liu trn cng trng v kh nng h hi tim n i vi vt liu lu tr.
- Vic vn chuyn v giao nhn sn phm phi theo ng vi cc hng dn ca nh sn
xut.
- Cn vn chuyn vt liu trong cc xe ti kn nhm trnh s lm bn ca sn phm v vic
vt ba bi ln cc khu vc xung quanh.
- Ngi tip nhn cn nhanh chng kim tra hng gi m bo rng cc sn phm theo
21
ng yu cu, v s lng v khng b h hi.

- Cung cp cho nhn vin dng c v thit b giao nhn sn phm tip nhn khng b
vy bn, bin dng hay h hi.
1.4.4 Lu tr v bo qun
- Qui nh cc khu vc nhn/ tr hng i vi cc sn phm nhp vo chng c th
c phn phi theo quy trnh lp t v xp t thun li cho khu vc thi cng nhm gim
thiu lng ph do giao chuyn tha v dng sai.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lu tr v bo qun cc sn phm theo cc hng dn ca nh
sn xut.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lu tr bng cc du v nhn nguyn vn, d c.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lu tr cc sn phm nhy cm vi kh hu trong iu kin kn
gi, kh hu c kim sot, trong mi trng c li cho sn phm.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lu tr cc sn phm ch to bn ngoi, t trn cc gi
nghing bn trn mt t.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic che ph cc sn phm d h hng bng tm ph khng thm
nc. Cung cp h thng thng gi nhm ngn sn phm b bin cht.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic ngn khng cho tip xc vi sn phm c th gy n mn, phai
mu hay nhum mu.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic cung cp thit b v dng c cho nhn vin lu gi sn phm
m bo rng sn phm khng b bn, bin dng hay h hi.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic sp t kho tr sn phm c th vo kim tra t xut, kim
tra nh k nhm xc minh rng sn phm khng b h hi v c bo qun trong iu
kin c th chp nhn c.
22
23
CHNG 1.5 CC YU CU TRONG THI CNG XY DNG
1.5.1 Nhng vn chung

1.5.1.1 Phm vi :
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny nu cc yu cu chung v t chc thi cng
xy dng, bao gm: Chun b mt bng t chc thi cng xy dng; B tr K s hin
trng v i ng k s trc a; T chc nhn s v mi quan h iu hnh trn cng
trng; S phi hp cng vic gia cc ch th trn cng trng; m bo v sinh mi
trng v an ton lao ng; Trin khai cng vic v cc giai on phi nghim thu; Khc
phc cc khim khuyt (nu c); Thc thi cng vic v bo v cc cng vic c hon
thnh.
1.5.1.2 Cc chng lin quan
Lit k cc chng c lin quan n ni dung ca chng ny. V d: Chng ny c lin
qun n cc chng sau :
- Chng 1.2. - Cc yu cu hnh chnh.
- Chng 1.3 - Cc yu cu v qun l cht lng.
- Chng 1.6 Ti liu hon cng.
1.5.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha thut ng mi, thut ng chuyn mn s dng trong chng ny.
Nu cc quy chun, tiu chun lin quan n chng ny
1.5.2 Cc yu cu chung khi thi cng
Nu cc yu cu chung khi thi cng. V d:
- Thi cng, lp t cc sn phm c th c quy nh trong cc mc ring. Phi tun th
ng hng dn k thut v cc khuyn ngh trnh lng ph do cn phi thay th.
- Kim tra cc b phn lp t theo phng ng v cao cc b phn c lp t theo
phng ngang, tr khi c cc quy nh khc.
- Thc hin cc gii php cu to ph hp trn b mt ti cc im chuyn tip m bo s
24
lm vic lin tc ca kt cu v hnh dng kin trc, tr khi c cc quy nh khc

1.5.3 Hi tho trc khi trin khai thi cng xy dng
- Nu yu cu i vi cc hng mc cng trnh hoc cu kin c th cn thu xp mt cuc
hp ti cng trng trc khi bt u cng vic.
- Nu yu cu i vi s tham gia ca cc bn c nh hng n hoc b nh hng bi
vic thi cng cng trnh c th.
- Nu thi gian v cc i tng cn thng bo chun b hoc tham gia cuc hp. V d
thng bo cho K s gim st trc bn ngy k t ngy hp.
- Nu yu cu chun b chng trnh v ch ta cuc hp.
- Nu cch thc lu li cc bin bn cuc hp v gi cc bn sao n cc bn tham gia
trong vng hai ngy sau cuc hp. V d: hai bn cho k s, ch u t, cc bn tham d v
cc bn lin quan n cuc hp.
1.5.4 Chun b v trnh duyt cc bn v thi cng
Nu yu cu i vi vic chun b v trnh duyt cc bn v thi cng. V d:
- Thit k bn v thi cng trnh c th hin chnh xc cc thng tin trn bn v theo
ng t l quy nh ngi thi cng xy dng trin khai trong thc tin. nh du vng
trn hay bng cc cch khc ch ra nhng sai lch so vi Ti liu Hp ng (nu c).
- Cc thng tin trong bn v thi cng bao gm v khng gii hn cc ni dung sau:
+ Kch thc;
+ Thng tin nhn dng sn phm v vt liu s dng bao gm cc bng hoc con s chi
tit;
+ Cc thng s ph hp theo cc tiu chun c p dng cho d n;
+ Ghi ch cc yu cu cn i chiu;
+ Ghi ch ca kch thc cn c o c ngoi thc a;
+ Thng nht quy cch bn v thi cng ca cng trnh;
+ Khng s dng bn v thi cng m khng c ch u t kim duyt.
1.5.5 Khc phc cc khuyt tt trong thi cng
- Nu quy trnh khc phc cc khuyt tt trong thi cng xy dng. V d: Sau khi lp
bn ghi nhn bao gm vic c b v b; di chuyn hoc thay th mt chi tit trn cng
trnh do c thiu st hay do s dng vt t, thit b khng thch hp; ly cc mu t cng
25
trnh kim tra khi c yu cu; c b cc phn c khuyt tt trong cng trnh; thc
hin ct, ni vi hng mc b sung lin k
- Nu cc yu cu cn tun th trong vic khc phc cc khuyt tt trong thi cng thi cng.
V d: Khi khc phc cc khuyt tt ca sn phm cn s dng cc bin php sao cho
khng gy h hi n cng trnh, b phn cng trnh ln cn, to b mt thch hp sa
v hon thin. C th quy nh chi tit cho mt s tnh hung nh:
+ S dng my ca b tng hoc mi khoan ng ct vt liu cng. Khng cho php
s dng cc dng c kh nn m khng c chp thun trc;
+ Khi phc cng trnh bng cc sn phm mi ph hp vi yu cu ca ti liu hp
ng;
+Chn bng vt liu kn kh, ngn nc ti cc v tr t ng k thut xuyn qua sn,
tng;
+ Ti cc v tr l cng ngh ca tng chng chy, vch ngn, trn hoc kt cu sn

cn trt khe h sau khi lp ng ng k thut bng vt liu chu la tiu chun vi dy
bng dy ca cc kt cu ;
+ Hon thin li b mt cc v tr va khc phc bng vt liu tng xng vi phn
hon thin lin k. i vi cc b mt lin tc cn hon thin li b mt n phn giao
nhau gn nht hoc ch gy t nhin. i vi mt b phn cng trnh c lp, hon thin
li ton b b phn .
- Nu yu cu hon thin b mt sau khi khc phc cc khuyt tt. V d: Sau khi khc
phc cc khuyt tt, cn hon thin b mt phng, nhn sao cho khng gy s khc bit
hnh dng v mu sc.
1.5.6 Qun l li trc c cng trng
- Nu yu cu cn xc nh v tr cc mc chun ca li trc c trc khi bt u xy
dng.
- Nu cc iu kin bo v cc im chun c nh trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
- Nu quy nh v vic thng bo kp thi n k s gim st nhng mt mt hay h hng
ca bt c im chun hay im o trn cng trnh no do nhng thay i trong thi cng
hoc cc l do khc.
26
- Nu yu cu i vi vic thay th cc im khng ch kho st sai v tr. V d: phi

cn c li khng ch kho st gc. Khng c thay i bt c im no m khng c
vn bn thng bo trc n k s gim st.
- Nu iu kin khi tn dng cc kt qu kho st k thut c cng nhn.
- Nu nguyn tc xc minh nh k cc v tr o v mc chun b tr bng cc phng
tin tng t.
- Quy nh vic lp mt quyn nht k ghi li y v chnh xc kt qu kim sot v
kho st ang tin hnh.
1.5.7 An ton cng trng
- Nu yu cu m bo an ton cho li i li trn cng trng, trong ch r chc chn
cn thit ca cc cu thang, hnh lang tm, quy nh v lan can nhng v tr d ng, quy
nh mi che chn trnh vt ri vo v tr thng xuyn c ngi qua li, quy nh v
chiu sng cho cc li i,;
- Nu yu cu v m bo an ton in trn cng trng, trong quy nh r chiu cao ti
thiu ca ng dy in thi cng, in chiu sng, quy nh v s cn thit phi che ma
m bo cch in ti cc im u ni in, quy nh v cng tc kim tra an ton in
( cch in, dy tip t,) i vi cc thit b, dng c s dng in, quy nh v trang
b kin thc v cp chng ch an ton in i vi cng nhn vin lm vic trn cng
trng.
- Nu yu cu m bo an ton khi lm vic trn cao. Trong quy nh r v vic cn
thit phi c ro chn, lan can nhng v tr c th ri, ng, quy nh v vic s dng dy
an ton, quy nh v li an ton phng ngi hoc vt liu ri gy mt an ton.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic s dng cc thit b cu lp trn cng trng, trong quy nh
r v yu cu kim nh thit b, chng ch th iu khin, quy nh v bin php bo m
an ton khi cu lp (khng cho php ngi ng di v tr cu ang hot ng, cn c
bin, ngi cnh bo nguy him,)
- Nu yu cu i vi hng ro cng trng, trong quy nh v hng ro trn mt t,
li an ton, chng bi trn cao, cc phng tin cnh bo (bin, n tn hiu) nhng v
tr c th gy nguy him cho ngi hoc phng tin qua li.
- Nu yu cu m bo an ton, phng chng chy n trn cng trng trong ch r cc
tiu chun, quy phm phng chng chy n cn p dng, cc phng tin cha chy khn
cp cn c, cc quy nh v bo qun cc cht d chy (nu c),
27
1.5.8 Bo v cng trnh sau thi cng

- Nu cc bin php nhm bo v phn trang thit b cng trnh c lp t khi cc
h hi do hot ng xy dng gy ra.
- Nu yu cu tun th ch bo v c bit nhng ni c quy nh trong cc mc ch
dn k thut ring r.
- Nu yu cu lp hng ro v thit b tm thi c th bo v cho cc sn phm lp t.
Nu nhng bin php c th trong kim sot hot ng ti khu vc gn cng trnh ngn
chn thit hi.
- Nu yu cu dng cc tm ph bo v tng, cc ch cha ra ca cc cng trnh l thin
khi cn thit; bo v cc tng sn, cu thang hon thin v cc b mt khc khi b lu
thng hay di chuyn cc vt nng, bi lm hao mn. Di chuyn cc tm ph bo v khi
khng cn thit na.
- Nu cc quy nh cm vic i li hay lu gi vt liu, thit b trn cc b mt sn c yu
cu chng thm nc hay cc b mt mi. Nu vic lu thng hoc hot ng l cn thit,
phi c c cc khuyn ngh bo v ca nh sn xut vt liu chng thm v vt liu mi.
- Nu yu cu v sinh cng trng. V d: Yu cu qut sch cc khu vc c lt, gom
dn cc b mt to cnh quang; chuyn cht thi, vt liu tha, rc v cc thit b xy dng
ra khi cng trng; vt b theo cch thc c quy nh, khng t hoc chn; Dn sch
cc mnh v t mi nh, mng xi, ng v h thng thot nc.
CHNG 1.6 TI LIU THANH L H S HON CNG
1.6.1 Nhng vn chung
1.6.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi
vic la chn cc loi vt t, vt liu, thit b s dng cho d n (sn phm u vo); vic
phn phi, vn chuyn, lu kho; cc tiu chun bo hnh ca nh sn xut cho tng sn
phm; vic bo hnh c bit v cc sn phm c th thay th.
Lit k cc chng ca Ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny. V d: Cc chng
c lin quan n chng ny bao gm:
- Chng 1.3 - Cc yu cu hnh chnh; Th tc trnh, bn v thi cng, d liu sn
28
phm v mu.
dng.
1.6.1.4 Tiu chun v quy phm p dng
1.6.2 H s d n
Nu cc loi h s ca d n theo yu cu ca php lut. V d: H s d n bao gm,
nhng khng hn ch, cc ti liu sau:
- Ti liu theo cc iu kin hp ng.
- Ti liu ang lu gi trn cng trng (cc bn v thi cng, ch dn k thut, nht k thi
cng, bin bn nghim thu).
- Ti liu ghi li cc sa cha thc t i vi cng trnh: (m bo ghi nhn y v
chnh xc cho php ch u t thun li khi kim tra sau ny).
- Bn v lu tr (l bn v hon cng): nh du r rng mi hng mc ghi li cng
trnh xy dng trn thc t, bao gm:
+ Nhng thay i thc a v kch thc v chi tit;
+ Nhng chi tit khng c trong cc bn v hp ng gc.
1.6.3 Th tc thanh l
Nu yu cu lp cc ti liu trnh theo quy nh ca Nh nc. V d:
- Nh thu cn phi hp vi t vn gim st hon thin h s trnh nghim thu khi
cng trnh hon thnh.
- Nh thu trnh h s hon cng ln ch u t v cam kt c xem xt v s ph
hp vi ti liu hp ng v cng trnh hon thnh theo ng vi ti liu hp ng v sn
sng Ch u tip nhn chun b cho vic bn giao cng trnh theo quy nh.
- Nh thu lp danh mc cng vic sa cha cc hng mc ca cng trnh trong giai on
nghim thu v tun th ng cc yu cu v k thut, m thut theo thit k v theo yu
cu s dng ca ch u t.
1.6.4 Dch v bo hnh
29
- Nu ni dung v k hoch thc hin cc thnh phn cn quan tm trong giai on bo

hnh cng trnh c ghi r trong cc mc ch dn k thut trong thi gian nht nh k
t ngy hon thnh cng trnh.
- Nu yu cu lp k hoch kim tra cc thnh phn trong h thng trang thit b cng trnh
vi tn sut ph hp vi vic vn hnh tin cy cho h thng, lau chi, iu chnh v tra du
m nh c yu cu. V d: vic kim tra, iu chnh v tra du m theo h thng cc
thnh phn, sa cha v thay th cc cu kin bt c khi no c yu cu, s dng cc
cu kin ca cc nh sn xut cc thnh phn gc.
- Nu yu cu i vi dch v bo hnh. V d: Khng cho php phn chia hoc chuyn
giao dch v bo hnh cho bt k n v hay nh thu ph no khc m khng c vn bn
chp thun trc ca ch u t.
30
PHN 2 CHUN B THI CNG
31
CHNG 2.1 DN DP MT BNG
2.1.1 Nhng vn chung

2.1.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny a ra cc ch dn k thut v cc yu cu
cn t c i vi cng tc chun b mt bng, pht quang n b cy ci, ph d cng
trnh c, bo v cc cng trnh c c gi li,
phm v mu.
dng.
2.1.2 Cc yu cu k thut i vi cng tc dn mt bng
- Nu cc yu cu cn t c i vi cng tc dn mt bng. V d: Mt bng sau khi
dn dp phi t c cc yu cu sau:
+ Ton b cc cy to, cc kt cu c khng nm trong danh mc c bo v th phi c
loi b
+ Cc gc cy phi c o v nht b ht r
+ Cc bi cy, c phi c pht quang
+ Cc vt ph thi, rc thi (nu c) phi c thu dn a ra khi mt bng
+ Ring cc cy to v cc cng trnh c nm bn ngoi khu vc mng cng trnh th vic
32
n b l khng nht thit, c th lp phng n bo v gi li.

+ Vic dn mt bng phi c gim st v nghim thu nh i vi cc cng tc xy dng
khc.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic ph d hoc di chuyn cc cng trnh ngm;
- Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic ng cc tiu nh v cc khu vc trn mt bng
trc v sau khi thu dn mt bng.
2.1.3 Thc hin
2.1.3.1 Chun b
- Quy nh trch nhim ca k s t vn gim st trong vic thit lp gii hn cng tc v
ch nh cc loi i tng, vt th cn dn dp hoc phi gi li c nh du d
nhn bit.
- Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic dn dp v gi gn cc i tng, vt th
c k s ch ra.
- Quy nh khu vc t thi v khu vc ph thi, vt liu vt b ph hp tun th
ph duyt ca k s t vn
- Quy nh v vic lp phng n bo m an ton khi n h cy, ph d cng trnh, t
rc thi
2.1.3.2 Dn dp, pht quang v o b cy ci
- Quy nh chi tit v cc i tng, vt th, cy ci phm vi cn dn dp.
- Quy nh chi tit v bin php m bo an ton khi n h cy c kch thc ln;
- Nu bin php x l i vi loi cy c ng knh ln (v d: D>200mm), cao trn 1m,
cch d b gc cy, r cy.
- Quy nh chi tit vic x l i vi vt liu khng ph hp nm trong phm vi nn, mng
cng trnh.
- Quy nh cch x l i vi cc hc lm, mng rnh khi o b v hon tr b mt.
2.1.3.3 D b cc cng trnh hoc kt cu
- Quy nh cc cng vic chun b cn thit ca nh thu khi d b cc cng trnh hoc kt
33
cu.
- Quy nh chi tit v bin php m bo an ton khi ph d cng trnh c.
- Quy nh vic bo qun, tp kt, bn giao nhng b phn, kt cu c xc nh l ti sn
ca ch u t.
2.1.3.4 Bo v cc kt cu v cng trnh c gi li
Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic bo v v duy tr s hot ng bnh thng
ca cc kt cu v cng trnh cn c gi li trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
2.1.3.5 Bc d, vn chuyn v tp kt vt liu
- Quy nh vic tn dng cc vt liu thu c trong qu trnh chun b mt bng xy dng.
- Quy nh vic di di cc vt liu khng s dng c.
- Quy nh vic vn chuyn, tp kt vt liu thi.
- Quy nh vic vn chuyn, tp kt vt liu thi c ln nhng cht c hi.
- Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu xin cp php cho cc v tr tp kt vt liu thi.
2.1.3.6 Di chuyn cc kt cu h tng cng cng ra khi phm vi cng trng
- Nu yu cu i vi vic di chuyn cc ng dy in, cp thng tin (nu c) ra khi
phm vi cng trng khng lm nh hng ti sinbh hot ca cc cng trnh v khu dn
c ln cn.
- Nu cc gii php m bo an ton khi di chuyn ng dy in;
- Nu yu cu v cc gii php thc hin i vi vic di chuyn cc kt cu h tng cng
cng ngm ra khi phm vi cng trng nh: ng cp nc, thot nc, ng in, cp
thng tin i ngm
34
CHNG 2.2 KIM TRA V BO V MT BNG CNG TRNG
2.2.1 Nhng vn chung

2.2.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi
kim ta v bo v mt bng cng trng c chun b trc khi t chc thi cng. Vic
kim tra thc a trin khai thit k t chc cng trng v cc cng vic bo v cc
hng mc cng trnh thuc h thng h tng k thut ca c khu vc cn c nu yu cu
chi tit trong chng ny.
phm v mu.
dng.
2.2.2 Kim tra iu kin cng trng
- Nu cc yu cu cn xc minh v iu kin cng trng hin ti v b mt nn c th
chp nhn thc hin cc cng vic tip theo. Bt u xy dng hng mc mi c ngha
l chp nhn cc iu kin hin ti.
- Nu yu cu xc minh nn cng trng hin ti c kh nng chu lc cn thit chu
c cc loi ti trng phc v thi cng nh vt t, thit b c tp kt n cng trng.
- Nu cc yu cu cn o c ti ch thc hin thit k t chc cng trng cho ph hp
vi thc t tip nhn cc loi vt t, thit b, sn phm ch to sn hoc trc khi bt
35
u ch to nhm gim thiu lng ph do tha, thiu din tch.

- Nu cc cng vic cn xc nh i vi cc dch v tin ch nh ng cng v, h thng
in, nc phc v thi cng v mc sn sng, ng cc c im v ng v tr.
- Nu yu cu kim tra cc iu kin hin ti ca khu vc cng trng trc khi bt u
tho cng xy dng. V d: bao gm cc cng trnh xy dng, cc loi vt th d gy h hi
hoc kh khn trong vn chuyn.
- Nu yu cu gi cc iu kin nh hng n vic thi cng lhi mi bt u cng vic. V
d: Sau khi kho st khu vc cng trng hin ti, nh gi cc iu kin nh hng n
vic thi cng mi bt u cng vic v nh vy c ngha l chp nhn cc iu kin hin
ti.
2.2.3 trnh
- Nu yu cu nh thu trc khi thi cng cn trnh xem xt v ph duyt cc ti liu
c th. V d: cc bn tnh ton v cc bn v thi cng phi th hin phng php sut
cho mi kt cu v phng php bo v cc cng trnh k cn khu vc mt bng xy
dng.
- Nu cc ti liu phi trnh v ph duyt, bao gm nhng khng hn ch, ti liu sau:
+ Danh sch cc vt liu s s dng theo thit k;
+ Quy trnh thi cng;
+ Cc chi tit minh ho cho phm vi cng vic;
+ Cc v tr c th cn gia c khi c yu cu;
+ Quy trnh kim tra chi tit;
+ Cc bn v thi cng v cc bn tnh;
+ D liu v trnh chuyn mn: i vi cng ty v nhn s c quy nh trong
h s d thu c nu kh nng v kinh nghim lm vic bao gm danh sch cc d n hon
thnh nu r tn d n, a ch, tn v cc a ch v kin trc v ch u t v cc thng
tin khc c quy nh;
+ nh hoc bng video phi c y v cc iu kin hin ti ca cc cng tc thi
cng k cn v s ci thin hin trng thi cng m c th b hiu sai lm thit hi do h
36
thng bo v cng trng v do cng tc chun b mt bng gy ra.

2.2.4 Kim tra cc chi tit ca mt bng mt bng
- Nu yu cu trc khi bt u cng tc thi cng cng tc t. V d: phi kim tra v
thm tra cc kch thc v cao chnh.
- Nu yu cu v ni dung bo co kt qu kho st b mt ca cc cng trnh k cn. V
d: Yu cu ghi li bng nh bt k vt ln no trc hoc vt nt ca cc kt cu, mt
lt v cc thiu st khc (nu c). Lp danh mc cc h hng hin ti qua vic thm tra cc
bc nh chp.
- Nu yu cu lp cao chnh xc ti cc im c nh trn cng trnh ln cn c tn
ti nh l cc im chun. V d: Xc nh r cc im chun v ghi chp li cc cao
hin ti, nh v cao o so vi cc cao chun.
2.2.5 Kim tra cc thit b i ngm trong lng t
Nu yu cu i vi nh thu kim tra v c bo co trc khi bt u thi cng tt c cc v
tr v cao ca cc hng mc cng trnh h tng k thut trong khu vc ln cn ca cng
trnh. V d: - Tin hnh kim tra cc vt th trong cc khu vc c th gp phi khi tin
hnh cng tc o.
- Khng c lm nh hng n cc phng tin, thit b ang c s dng ca khu vc
mt bng thi cng tr khi c s cho php bng vn bn ca bn qun l.
37
CHNG 2.3 PHNG TH NGHIM V TRANG THIT B TH NGHIM

2.3.1 Nhng vn chung
2.3.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu chung i vi phng
th nghim, cc yu cu v th tc trnh duyt, v quy trnh thc hin
phm v mu.
dng.
2.3.2 Yu cu chung v th nghim
- Nu cc yu cu php l cho mt phng th nghim hin trng.
- Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu v cng tc th nghim. V d: t yu cu ca d n,
nu yu cu v phng tin, trang thit b th nghim trong phng v hin trng; lp k
hoch th nghim; trnh v nng lc th nghim vin.
- Quy nh s lng phng th nghim, v tr v quy m ca phng th nghim hin trng
cho tng gi thu ca d n (cn c vo hp ng giao nhn thu).
2.3.2.2 Trnh duyt
Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st, ch u t trong
vic trnh v ph duyt cc ni dung cng vic di y:
- V tr, quy m phng th nghim v trang thit b th nghim.
38
- K nng, trnh chuyn mn v chng ch ca th nghim vin, Trng phng th

nghim.
- K hoch v tin th nghim.
- Quy nh v thit b th nghim (tnh ph hp, chng ch kim nh).
- Thng k cc hng mc th nghim v tiu chun th nghim s dng.
- Quy nh trch nhim v quyn hn ca t vn gim st trong cng tc gim st, kim tra
v chp thun cc bc ca qu trnh th nghim.
2.3.3 Phng th nghim v cc thit b th nghim
2.3.3.1 Phng th nghim
- Quy nh v tr ca cc phng th nghim trong phm vi gi thu.
- Quy cch ca mt phng th nghim hp chun.
2.3.3.2 Trang thit b th nghim
- Quy nh danh mc cc th nghim v cc thit b th nghim trong phng tng ng cho
cng tc th nghim. V d: th nghim t, th nghim xi mng, th nghim thp, th
nghim b tng
- Quy nh danh mc cc th nghim hin trng v cc thit b th nghim hin trng
tng ng.
2.3.4 Thc hin cng tc th nghim
Nu yu cu nh thu thc hin cc cng vic sau:
- Lp quy trnh v danh mc cc tiu chun th nghim s dng.
- Quy nh v k nng, trnh ca th nghim vin tng ng vi loi th nghim. trch
nhim ca nh thu i vi cht lng cng tc th nghim.
- Quy nh v nguyn tc v trnh t thc hin cho cc hng mc th nghim khng thng
xuyn, xc xut kim tra i vi tng l mu th nghim.
- Quy nh thng nht mu biu, bng bo co p dng cho d n.
- Quy nh v vic giao np kt qu th nghim.
2.3.5 Trang thit b, tiu chun th nghim ( nh thu tun th hoc tham kho)
39
- Lp danh mc trang thit b ch yu ca phng th nghim hin trng.

- Nu yu cu v s lng mu th nghim v tiu chun tng ng.
- Nu cc tiu chun th nghim
PHN 3 CNG TC NN MNG
40
41
CHNG 3.1 CC NG / P
3.1.1 Nhng vn chung
3.1.1.1 Phm vi
- Nu cc ni dung ca chng. V d: Phm vi chng ny bao gm cc ch dn v tiu
chun quy phm p dng, cc cng tc chun b, vt liu s dng, quy trnh thi cng,
nghim thu lin quan n cng vic chnh (ch to cc, vn chuyn n cng trnh, h cc
vo t v th nghim kim tra sc chu ti )
dng.
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm cn c p dng cho cng tc thi cng cc ng, tng
ng vi tng ni dung cng vic s c tin hnh hin trng, bao gm:
a. Cc tiu chun Vit Nam
- Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam 1997 (3 tp).
- TCXDVN 269-2002 "Cc-Phng php th nghim hin trng.
- TCXD 88:82 Cc Phng php th nghim hin trng.
- TCXDVN 359 : 2005 " Cc- Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php ng
bin dng nh".
- TCVN 286 2003 ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
- TCVN 4447 : 1987 Cng tc t Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
- TCVN 7888 : 2008 Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc.
b. Cc tiu chun nc ngoi
- ACI 543R-00 Design Manufacture and Installation of Concrete Piles.
- ASTM D 1143 Standard test method for pile under static axial compressive load.
42
- ASTM D 4945 Standard test method for high strain dynamic testing of piles.
- BS 8004 Code of practice for foundations.
- BS 8110 Structural use of concrete.
- EN 14199:2005 Execution of special geotechnical works Micropiles.
- EN 12794:2005 Precast concrete products - Foundation piles.
- EN 12699:2002 Execution of special geotechnical work - Displacement piles.
3.1.2 Cng tc chun b thi cng
3.1.2.1 Thit k t chc thi cng cc
- Nu cc ti liu cn iu tra v thu thp phc v thit k t chc thi cng. V d:
+ Bn v thit k mng cc, kh nng chu ti, cc yu cu th nghim kim tra sc
chu ti
ca cc v phng php kim tra nghim thu;
+ Kt qu kho st a cht, thu vn;
+ H s kho st cng trnh ln cn, bao gm c cng trnh ngm trong phm vi thi
cng v khu vc c th chu nh hng do thi cng (c ch k xc nhn hin trng ca
cc ch cng trnh ln cn);
+ a hnh, bnh khu vc thi cng;
+ Cc cng trnh h tng hin hu (ng giao thng, ngun in, ngun nc phc
v sinh hot v thi cng);
+ H thng mc chun trong khu vc;
+ Cc yu cu bo v mi trng v cng trnh ln cn. Xem xt iu kin mi trng
th (ting n v chn ng) theo tiu chun mi trng lin quan khi thi cng gn khu
dn c v cng trnh c sn;
+ Hng x l trong trng hp s liu thu thp c l khng c th lp bin
php thi cng, v d: cn kho st a cht b sung, kho st hin trng cc cng trnh ln
cn, v.v
- Nu cc ni dung chnh ca thit k t chc thi cng. V d:
+ Bn v mt bng thi cng tng th (v tr cc, b tr cc cng trnh ph tr, sn cng
tc, thit b thi cng cc, h thng in v nc, ng cng v);
43
+ Cc bn v th hin cc bc thi cng;

+ Ti liu hng dn cng ngh v cc thao tc thi cng, hng dn s dng thit b;
+ Tin thi cng, biu k hoch s dng nhn lc, thit b;
+ Bng, biu huy ng vt t thi cng cng trnh;
+ Bin php m bo cht lng cng trnh;
+ D kin bin php h tr ng/p cc nhm hn ch nh hng i vi khu vc ln
cn (khoan dn, s dng thit b t gy ting n, );
+ Cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng, v sinh cng nghip v mi trng.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi vt liu V d:
+ S ph hp ca vt liu vi quy nh ca thit k v cc tiu chun hin hnh;
+ Yu cu v chng ch cht lng ca nh cung cp i vi cc vt liu s dng
ch to cc (xi mng, ct thp, que hn, ph gia, v.v...);
+ Th nghim kim tra vt liu t cc ngun cung cp (ct, , b tng, thp) trc khi
a vo s dng;
+ Thit k cp phi b tng.
- ra cc yu cu v thit b thi cng. V d:
+ S ph hp ca thit b vi cc yu cu k thut do thit k qui nh;
+ H s ti liu v tnh nng k thut, chng ch v cht lng, m bo an ton k
thut ca nh ch to, ng kim..., ca cc thit b (cn cu, my p cc, ba, v.v...).
3.1.2.2 Cc cng trnh ph tr
- Nu yu cu v cng trnh ph tr cn c trc khi thi cng V d:
+ ng cng v;
+ Ngun in, nc;
+ Trm trn b tng (nu cn);
+ Kho bi cha vt liu;
+ Ln tri, v.v.;
+ Tng ro (cch m, chng bi, v.v.);
44
+ H thng mc nh v v mc cao v bin php bo v cc mc trong sut qu

trnh thi cng.
- Nu cc yu cu k thut v mt bng thi cng V d:
+ S ph hp ca b tr mt bng thi cng tng th vi a hnh t nhin, giao thng
ni b v mt bng cc;
+ bng phng v cng lp b mt phc v cho hot ng ca thit b thi cng;
+ Sn o thi cng hoc phao (khi thi cng khu vc nc su hoc bn ly);
+ Gia c nn ng cng v thit b nng ra vo hin trng;
+ Gii phng chng ngi vt ni v ngm, bom mn (nu c nguy c).
3.1.2.3 Vt liu cc
a. Vt liu cc b tng ct thp
- Nu cc yu cu chung v cc (Cc c trng hnh hc, cp cng vt liu, );
- Nu yu cu v kim tra cc ti ni sn xut. V d:
+ Cp phi b tng, kt qu th nghim mu;
+ Ct thp (ng knh, b tr thp ch v thp ai, gia cng u cc, );
+ Cc mi hn;
+ Vn khun;
+ B dy lp b tng bo v;
+ Bin php m, dng h;
+ Trng hp s dng cc ng lc trc cn nu cc yu cu i vi thi cng ng lc
trc;
+ Ni dung v tn sut thc hin kim tra, kt qu th nghim mu;
+ Yu cu v lu gi cc ti ni sn xut.
- Nu yu cu kim tra cc trc khi ng/p V d:
+ Yu cu v lu gi cc ti hin trng;
+ Cc kch thc v sai s cho php tng ng (chiu di, kch thc tit din,
cong, );
+ Cc vt nt v khuyt tt khc (B rng v su ti a ca cc vt nt, mc v
phm vi ca cc khuyt tt khc);
45
+ Vt liu ni cc hin trng;

+ Chng ch xut xng (nu cn);
+ Cng ca b tng phi t trc khi ng/p
b. Vt liu cc thp
- Nu cc kch thc hnh hc v dung sai tng ng.
- Nu chng loi vt liu hn v cc quy nh lin quan n ng hn.
- Quy nh lin quan n lp bo v chng n mn (nu c).
- Chng ch ca vt liu, kt qu th nghim mu.
c. Chuyn ch v sp xp cc
- Nu cc ch dn v phng tin nng v h cc, chuyn ch cc n hin trng.
- Nu bin php bo qun, sp xp cc.
3.1.3 Thi cng ng cc
(Ni dung ny p dng cho cng trnh s dng cc thi cng bng phng php ng)
3.1.3.1 Cng tc chun b
Nu cc cng vic cn chun b trc khi ng cc. V d:
- Phn tch kt qu khoan kho st a k thut v nh gi cc nh hng ca iu kin
a cht i vi cng tc ng cc.
- Thm d v ph d cc chng ngi vt ngm c th gy nh hng n cng tc ng
cc;
- Lp h s hin trng cc cng trnh ln cn.
- Thi cng v nghim thu mt bng cho my ng cc (m cht t, ci to hoc thay th
lp mt, s dng tm lt, sn o, v.v.) v cc thit b ph tr khc.
- Chun b bi c cc (nu c cc hin trng), tp kt cc hin trng.
- Tp kt v lp dng thit b ng cc.
- Thi cng li trc c, gic mng v nh v cc.
3.1.3.2 Thit b ng/ rung cc
Nu cc yu cu k thut lin quan n thit b ng cc. V d:
46
- Loi thit b (diesel, thy lc, rung,).

- Trng lng ba, chiu cao ri ba, nng lng.
- Kch thc ca thit b (p dng cho trng hp thi cng trong iu kin mt bng b hn
ch).
- chi tng ng vi thit b ng cc s s dng.
- Cc ph kin (cc dn, m u cc, ).
- Cc chng ch ca thit b.
3.1.3.3 nh v cc
Nu cc yu cu v nh v cc. V d:
- Cch nh v, nh du v tr cc sao cho d nhn bit;
- Mc nh v trc.
- Lp v bn giao cc mc nh v cc.
- Sai lch cho php v v tr so vi thit k.
3.1.3.4 ng/ rung cc
Nu cc yu cu v. V d:
- ng/rung cc th kim tra thit b, xc nh chi v kim tra sc chu ti ca cc.
- Kim tra nh hng do ng/rung cc i vi khu vc ln cn (nu cn).
- Quy trnh ng/rung cc.
- Yu cu v theo di s nht ba v ghi chp chi trong qu trnh ng/rung.
- Quy nh v kim tra sc chu ti ca cc bng cng thc ng cc.
- Bin php ph tr ng/rung cc (khoan dn, xi nc, ).
- Yu cu v bin php kim tra mi ni cc.
- Tiu ch dng ng cc.
- Bin php x l khi cc ng khng t chiu di d kin hoc t chiu di nhng
khng p ng yu cu v chi.
- Bin php ct cc.
- Quy nh v lp h s ng/rung cc.
47
3.1.4 Thi cng p cc

Ni dung ny p dng cho cng trnh s dng cc thi cng bng phng php p tnh
Nu cc yu cu nh nu mc 3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2 Thit b p cc
Nu cc yu cu k thut lin quan n thit b ng cc. V d:
- Loi thit b p (t hnh hay khng t hnh, p nh hay p m, cht ti hay neo).
- Cng sut ca thit b (lc p ln nht so vi lc p yu cu).
- Kch thc ca thit b (p dng cho trng hp thi cng trong iu kin mt bng b hn
ch).
- Cc ph kin (cc dn, m u cc, ).
- Yu cu v kim nh thit b.
3.1.4.3 nh v cc
Nu cc yu cu v nh v cc, nh cc yu cu nu 3.1.4.3.
3.1.4.4 p cc
Cn ra cc yu cu v V d:
- Kim tra ng trc ca b phn to lc v cc, bng phng ca dn my,;
- p th kim tra thit b, pht hin cc yu t cha lng trc c nh hng n kh
nng p cc v kim tra sc chu ti ca cc;
- Quy trnh p cc;
- Yu cu v theo di lc p v ghi chp trong qu trnh p;
- Bin php ph tr p cc (khoan dn, xi nc, );
- Yu cu v bin php kim tra mi ni cc;
- Tiu ch dng p cc;
- Bin php x l khi cc p khng t chiu di d kin hoc t chiu di nhng lc
p khng t;
- Bin php ct cc;
- Quy nh v lp h s p cc.
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3.1.5 Kim tra v nghim thu cng tc ng/p cc

3.1.5.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu cc yu cu i vi dng c, thit b kim tra cht lng, bo co kt qu th nghim
v.v...;
- Nu yu cu i vi nng lc v kinh nghim ca th nghim vin v cn b k thut thc
hin cng tc kim tra v th nghim.
3.1.5.2 Kim tra nh v cc
- Kim tra h thng mc chun, cc mc ph;
- Kim tra cc mc nh v cc.
3.1.5.3 Hon cng ng/p cc
Cn ra cc yu cu v V d:
- V tr cc trn mt bng, sai s so vi thit k;
- Cao u cc;
- Cc h s v cht lng cc trong qu trnh gia cng v ng/p.
3.1.5.4 Kim tra sc chu ti ca cc
Nu cc yu cu v. V d:
- S lng cc th nghim;
- V tr cc cc th nghim;
- Loi th nghim (th nghim thm d, th nghim kim tra);
- Phng thc gia ti (ti trng tnh, ng) v hng gia ti (nn, ko, nn ngang);
- Tiu chun th nghim;
- Loi ti trng (nn dc trc, nn ngang, nh);
- Yu cu i vi thit b th nghim;
- Quy trnh th nghim;
- Ti trng th nghim ln nht (i vi th nghim bng ti trng tnh) hoc chuyn v ca
cc khi th nghim bng ti trng ng;
- Cc ghi chp trong qu trnh th nghim;
49
- Bo co kt qu th nghim;
- Phng php din gii kt qu th nghim.
3.1.6 Nghim thu cc
Cn ra yu cu v ni dung h s nghim thu cc. V d:
- Cc bin bn kim tra cht lng;
- H s theo di thi cng;
- Cc s c xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng v bin php x l p dng.
3.1.7 Thi cng i cc
3.1.7.1 o h mng
Nu yu cu i vi vic o h mng. V d:
- nh v h mng (gn mc, nh du);
- Xc nh su o (lp mc cao tm thi, nh du);
- Phng php, thit b o t;
- Bin php chng st trt (i vi h mng nng), bin php chng (i vi h mng
su);
- Bin php thu v thot nc;
- Sai s cho php;
- Bin php khc phc cc sai lch v su o;
- Cc tiu ch nghim thu cng tc o.
3.1.7.2 Thi cng lp lt y i cc
Nu yu cu i vi vic thi cng lp lt y i cc. V d:
- Yu cu v vt liu lt y mng;
- Yu cu v cp pha;
- Yu cu v bin php b tng;
- Quy nh v dng h, tiu thot nc khi b tng cha ng cng;
- Quy nh v kim tra v nghim thu.
3.1.7.3 p u cc
50
Nu yu cu i vi vic p u cc. V d:
- Yu cu i vi vic xc nh cao ct cc (nh du);
- Yu cu v bin php p/ct cc;
- Yu cu v bo v b tng pha di cao ct cc;
- Yu cu v ct thp ch lin kt vi i cc;
- Quy nh v sai s cho php;
3.1.7.4 b tng i cc
Nu yu cu i vi vic b tng i cc. V d:
- Yu cu v gia cng, lp t ct thp i cc v thp ch ct;
- Yu cu v lp t cp pha mng;
- Yu cu v nghim thu cp pha v ct thp;
- Yu cu v b tng;
- Yu cu v ly mu kim tra (s lng, loi mu, dng h mu, cch th nghim);
- Quy nh v dng h b tng;
- Yu cu v vic tho vn khun (iu kin cn t tho vn khun);
- Quy nh v sai s cho php;
3.1.8 Bin php an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng
Nu yu cu v bin php an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng. V d:
- Quy nh i vi vic hng dn bo m an ton cho ngi lao ng;
- Nu yu cu v trang thit b bo h lao ng;
- Yu cu i vi sn cng tc (nu c);
- Nu yu cu v an ton cho thit b;
- Nu cc bin php m bo an ton cho cng trnh ln cn;
- Nu hng dn bin php x l khi c du hiu mt an ton;
- Nu cc yu cu v bo v mi trng.
51
52
CHNG 3.2 CC KHOAN NHI V TNG TRONG T

3.2.1 Nhng vn chung
3.2.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc ch dn k thut nh tiu chun
p dng, cng tc chun b, cng tc thi cng to l, thi ra, b tng, th nghim kim
tra sc chu ti, cc khoan nhi v tng trong t

Lit k cc ti liu khc cn tham kho cng vi ch dn k thut ny.
Nu nh ngha cc thut ng s dng trong chng.
Nu cc tiu chun v quy chun cn c p dng cho cng tc thi cng cc nhi, bao
gm cc tiu chun tng ng vi tng ni dung cng vic s c tin hnh hin
trng. V d nh cc tiu chun sau:
a. Tiu chun Vit Nam
- TCXDVN 269-2002 "Cc - Phng php th nghim bng ti trng tnh p dc trc
- TCXD 88:82 Cc Phng php th nghim hin trng
- TCXDVN 358 : 2005 Cc khoan nhi - phng php xung siu m xc nh tnh ng
nht ca b tng
- TCXDVN 359 : 2005 " Cc Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php ng
bin dng nh"
- TCXD 196:1997 Nh cao tng Cng tc th tnh v kim tra cht lng cc khoan
nhi
- TCXD 206 : 1998 Cc khoan nhi Yu cu v cht lng thi cng
- TCVN 4447 : 1987 Cng tc t Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
- 22 TCN 257-2000 Cc khoan nhi Tiu chun thi cng
53
b. Tiu chun nc ngoi

- ACI 336.1-01 Specification for the construction of drilled piers
- ACI 336.3R-93 Design and Construction of drilled piers
- ASTM D 1143 Standard test method for pile under static axial compressive load
- ASTM D 4945 Standard test method for high strain dynamic testing of piles
- BS 8004 Code of practice for foundations
- BS 8110 Structural use of concrete
- EN 14199:2005 Execution of special geotechnical works Micropiles
- EN 1536:2002 Execution of special geotechnical work Bored piles
- EN 1538 Execution of Special Geotechnical Work Diaphragm Walls
3.2.2.1 Thit k t chc thi cng
- Nu cc ti liu cn iu tra v thu thp phc v thit k t chc thi cng. V d:
+ Bn v thit k mng cc/tng, kh nng chu ti, cc yu cu th nghim kim tra
sc chu ti ca cc, phng php kim tra cht lng v nghim thu;
+ Kt qu kho st a cht cng trnh (tnh thm ca t, cc lp t km n nh,
hang ng trong t, ), a cht thu vn (cc tng cha nc, nc c p, );
+ H s kho st cng trnh ln cn, bao gm c cng trnh ngm trong phm vi thi
cng v khu vc c th chu nh hng do thi cng (c ch k xc nhn hin trng ca cc
ch cng trnh ln cn);
+ a hnh, bnh khu vc thi cng;
+ Cc cng trnh h tng hin hu (ng giao thng, ngun in, ngun nc phc
v sinh hot v thi cng);
+ Ngun vt liu phc v thi cng v a im t thi;
+ H thng mc chun trong khu vc;
+ Cc yu cu bo v mi trng v cng trnh ln cn;
54
+ Hng x l trong trng hp s liu thu thp c l khng c th lp bin

php thi cng, v d cn kho st a cht b sung, kho st hin trng cc cng trnh ln
cn, v.v
- Nu cc ni dung chnh ca thit k t chc thi cng. V d:
+ Bn v mt bng thi cng tng th (v tr cc, tng trong t (nu c), b tr cc
cng trnh ph tr, sn cng tc, thit b thi cng cc, h thng in, nc, ng cng
v);
+ Cc bn v th hin cc bc thi cng;
+ Ti liu hng dn cng ngh v cc thao tc thi cng, hng dn s dng thit b;
+ Tin thi cng, biu k hoch s dng nhn lc, thit b;
+ Bng, biu huy ng vt t thi cng cng trnh;
+ Bin php m bo cht lng cng trnh;
+ Gii php thi cng cho cc cc c bit (v tr thi cng kh khn, v.v.);
+ Cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng, an ton cng trnh ln cn (bin php h v
rt
ng vch) v v sinh cng nghip v mi trng (cu ra xe, v sinh hng ngy, qun l
dung dch khoan b trn, v.v.).
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu. V d:
+ S ph hp ca vt liu vi quy nh ca thit k v cc tiu chun hin hnh;
+ Yu cu v hng dn s dng v chng ch cht lng ca nh cung cp i vi cc
vt liu s dng cho cc (xi mng, ct thp, dung dch khoan, ph gia, v.v...);
+ Th nghim kim tra vt liu t cc ngun cung cp (ct, , nc, dung dch khoan,
b tng, vt liu mi ni gia cc tm tng, ) trc khi a vo s dng;
+ Thit k cp phi b tng.
- ra cc yu cu v thit b thi cng. V d:
+ S ph hp ca thit b vi cc yu cu k thut do thit k quy nh;
thut ca nh ch to, ng kim, ...., ca cc thit b (cu, my khoan, ba rung, gu o,
v.v...).
55
3.2.2.2 Thi cng cc cng trnh ph tr

- Nu yu cu v thi cng cc cng trnh ph tr trc khi thi cng cc khoan nhi. V d:
+ Chun b ng cng v;
+ Ngun nc, ngun in;
+ Trm trn b tng, h thng cung cp dung dch khoan;
+ Kho cha vt liu;
+ Ln tri, v.v.;
+ Tng ro (cch m, chng bi, v.v.);
+ H thng mc nh v v mc cao bin php bo v cc mc trong sut qu trnh
thi cng.
- ra cc yu cu i vi vic chun b mt bng thi cng. V d:
+ S ph hp ca b tr mt bng thi cng tng th vi a hnh t nhin, giao thng
ni b v mt bng cc;
+ bng phng v cng lp mt phc v cho vic di chuyn ca thit b thi cng;
+ Sn o thi cng hoc phao (trng hp thi cng khu vc nc su hoc bn ly);
+ Gia c nn ng cng v thit b nng vo hin trng;
+ Gii phng chng ngi vt ni v ngm, bom mn (nu c nguy c).
3.2.3 Cng tc to l cho cc nhi v/hoc to rnh o cho tng trong t (gi
chung l cng tc khoan)
Nu cc cng vic cn chun b trc khi khoan. V d:
- Tm hiu cu to a tng trn c s kt qu khoan kho st a cht ln cn l khoan cc;
- Lp quy trnh trn dung dch v th nghim dung dch khoan;
- Chun b mt bng cho thit b thi cng (m cht t, ci to hoc thay th lp mt, s
dng tm lt, sn o, v.v.);
- nh v cc v my khoan;
- Thi cng tng dn hng cho tng trong t ( su ca tng dn hng v khong
cch gia hai vch tng dn).
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3.2.3.2 Thit b khoan

Nu cc yu cu lin quan n thit b khoan. V d:
- Phng php chng gi thnh (ng vch, dung dch st hay dung dch polymer);
- Phng php ly t (gu ngom, gu xoay, tun hon, v.v.);
- Cc thng s v quy trnh khoan tng ng vi cng ngh khoan c p dng (nu c)
m bo cht lng l khoan.
3.2.3.3 ng vch
- Nu ch dn chung v ng vch p dng trong thi cng cc nhi. V d:
+ Loi ng vch c p dng (tm thi, vnh cu);
+ Phm vi h ng vch (ton b chiu di cc, phn trn cng hay on cc nm
trong lp t km n nh, trong nc hoc hang karst);
+ Cao nh ng vch (xc nh theo cao nc ngm, mc nc sng/ bin c k
n dao ng do l hoc thy triu, v.v.);
+ ng knh ca ng vch;
+ B dy ca v ng vch;
+ Bin php ni ng vch (nu cn) v ng trc ca cc on ng vch sau khi
c ni;
+ Cc sai s v kch thc ng vch.
- Nu cc yu cu lin quan n nh v v lp t ng vch. V d:
+ Bin php nh v ng vch khi thi cng trn cn (nh v bng my trc c, thc);
+ Bin php nh v ng vch khi thi cng di nc (nh v bng my trc c,
thc,
khung dn hng);
+ Sai s v v tr, nghing v cao ca ng vch (nu cn);
+ Ch dn v thit b h ng vch vo trong t, nh thit b thy lc, my rung, my
khoan
xoay, xi nc, v.v...
3.2.3.4 o c trong qu trnh khoan
57
Nu yu cu v o c v theo di trong qu trnh khoan. V d:

- Kim tra v tr khoan (v tr ng chng trc v sau khi h);
- o su cc lp t m t a cht l khoan;
- Tc khoan;
- su l khoan;
- Cao dung dch khoan.
3.2.3.5 Cng tc khoan
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc khoan. V d:
- Trnh t khoan, thi gian cho php thi cng cc hoc tm tng ln cn;
- Quy trnh x l cc s c hoc hin tng bt thng trong qu trnh khoan (st vch l
khoan, khoan nghing, mt dung dch, khng thi cng c n su thit k, h hng
cng trnh ln cn, v.v);
- Kim sot cao ca dung dch trong l khoan, b dung dch khi b tht thot;
- Kim sot cht lng dung dch (cc ch tiu v tn sut th nghim);
- Tc h hoc rt gu/ mi khoan;
- Kch thc, lch tm v gc nghing ca phn mi cc m rng (nu c);
- Sai lch cho php v v tr l khoan.
3.2.3.6 Thi ra y l khoan
Cn ra cc yu cu v x l cn lng di y l khoan. V d:
- Cc phng php lm sch y l khoan tng ng vi cng ngh khoan v loi t nn;
- Kim tra dung dch khoan trong qu trnh thi ra;
- B dy lp cn lng cn li, ty theo loi cc chng hay cc ma st.
3.2.3.7 Yu cu i vi dung dch khoan
- Nu nguyn tc la chn dung dch khoan (bentonite hay polymer);
- Nu tiu chun k thut p dng cho dung dch khoan, chng ch v h s xut xng
ca vt liu;
- Quy nh v nc trn dung dch, cc lu i vi trng hp phi s dng nc
nhim mn hoc nc nhim cc mui khc;
58
- Nu tn sut, s lng th nghim kim tra dung dch ti hin trng;

- Nu cc iu kin lin quan n ti s dng dung dch.
3.2.4 Cng tc ct thp
3.2.4.1 Gia cng lng thp
ra cc yu cu lin quan n cng tc gia cng lng thp. V d:
- Yu cu chung i vi cc loi ct thp, que hn, mi hn, khong cch gia cc thanh,
v.v..., phi ng theo thit k);
- Cc dng ln kt ct thp bt buc phi hn;
- Phng php ni c s dng ni cc lng thp (hn, buc hoc kp);
- B tr v lp t c hoc con k;
- Lp t cc ng siu m, ng khoan kim tra mi cc (nu c);
- Bin php gia c cho neo, thanh chng v cc thnh phn kt cu khc c lin kt vi
tng trong t;
- Yu cu v lp t ng ng v cp pha cho cc l, hc ch trong tng;
- Nng, vn chuyn v xp d lng thp (khng xp chng, s dng nhiu con k chng
bin dng, v.v.).
3.2.4.2 Dng v h lng thp vo l khoan
Nu cc quy nh v lp dng lng thp. V d:
- o c, kim tra y h khoan trc khi h lng thp (cao y, b dy mn lng, s
lng v tr o);
- Yu cu v thi gian h lng thp hn ch cn lng, quy trnh h lng thp, bin php
treo lng thp, chng y tri ct thp, v.v;
- Cc cng tc kim tra trong v sau khi lp dng lng thp (b dy cn lng, cao lng,
thng sut ca cc ng thm d, v.v);
- Thay i ct thp (nh thu xut, t vn gim st c kin, thit k ng v ch u
t chp thun).
3.2.5 b tng
3.2.5.1 Cc yu cu v vt liu v tnh nng ca b tng
59
Nu cc yu cu lin quan n vt liu cho b tng. V d:

- Yu cu v kim tra cht lng xi mng v ct liu cho b tng;
- Quy nh v s dng ph gia cho b tng;
- Thit k cp phi b tng theo cng thit k v c th ca cng ngh b tng cc
( st, tch va v tch nc).
3.2.5.2 Vn chuyn b tng
Nu cc yu cu khi vn chuyn b tng. V d:
- Phng tin vn chuyn b tng (loi phng tin c s dng ty theo khong cch t
trm trn n cng trng), phng tin bm b tng (nu cn);
- Quy nh thi gian ti a k t khi trn n khi vo l khoan cc.
3.2.5.3 Thit b v dng c b tng
Nu quy nh v thit b v dng c cn thit c th b tng trong h khoan, trong
trng hp thng gp l b tng trong dung dch khoan. V d:
- Khuyn co chiu di on ng b tng (ng tremie), cu to mi ni cc on ng
trnh gy h hi ct thp khi b tng;
- S lng ng b tng (c bit cho trng hp thi cng tng trong t);
- Quy nh ng knh trong ti thiu v ng knh ngoi ti a ca ng;
- Nu yu cu xc nh chiu di ng v su h ng trong l khoan;
- Khuyn co v phu b tng v nt y ng tremie (vt liu, hnh dng).
3.2.5.4 Kim tra v chun b l khoan trc khi b tng
Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trc khi b tng. V d:
-. Cc th nghim kim tra dung dch khoan (dung trng, hm lng ct, v.v...);
- S dng ng b tng thi ra y l khoan (nu cn).
3.2.5.5 Cng tc b tng cc
Nu cc ni dung cn c quy nh khi b tng cc. V d:
- Kim tra st ca b tng trc khi ;
- Cc yu cu c bn i vi cng tc b tng ( su h ng tremie, tc b tng,
su ng h ngp trong b tng, tc rt ng, cao kt thc b tng, v.v);
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- Nhng iu khng c lm trong qu trnh b tng nh thm nc vo b tng

tng st, lc ng chng tc, v.v;
- Cc ghi chp trong qu trnh b tng ( st, khi lng b tng cp, cao dng,
v.v.).
3.2.5.6 Rt ng chng tm (casing)
ra cc yu cu i vi thao tc rt ng chng tm thi. V d:
- Trng thi ca b tng khi rt ng chng nh khng c rt ng chng khi b tng
bt u ninh kt;
- Chiu cao ct b tng duy tr trong ng chng khi rt;
- iu kin c th khi s dng ba rung rt ng chng (cc yu t v mi trng, bo v
cng trnh ln cn).
3.2.5.7 Lp tm thi pha trn u cc
- Ch nh vt liu v lp phn l khoan bn trn u cc khng c b tng (u
cc m);
-Nu cc lu v vic bo v cc ng siu m, kingpost t trong cc.
3.2.6 Kim tra v nghim thu cng tc thi cng
3.2.6.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu cc yu cu i vi dng c, thit b kim tra cht lng, bo co kt qu th
nghim v.v...;
- Nu yu cu i vi nng lc v kinh nghim ca th nghim vin v cn b k thut
thc hin cng tc th nghim v kim tra.
3.2.6.2 Kim tra cng tc khoan to l
- Xc nh cc thng s kim tra. V d thng ng, ng knh, tnh trng y l
khoan, v.v;
- Kim tra cht lng dung dch khoan (dung trng, tch nc, nht, v.v);
- Quy nh cc phng php kim tra tng ng vi mi thng s cn kim tra. V d: loi
thit b, quy trnh thc hin, v.v;
- ra khi lng v thi gian kim tra (khi kt thc khoan, trc khi b tng);
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- Nu sai s cho php tng ng vi mi ch tiu kim tra.

3.2.6.3 Kim tra cht lng b tng
Nu cc yu cu v kim tra cht lng b tng. V d:
- Kim tra trc khi b tng: Cc ch tiu cn kim tra v phng php kim tra ( st,
tch nc, s lng mu cn ly kim tra cng );
- Kim tra sau khi b tng: Cc th nghim pht hin khuyt tt (siu m, bin dng
nh, khoan ly mu, v.v) v phng php kim tra tng ng;
- Kim tra v tr cc trn mt bng v cc sai lch v tr;
- ra khi lng v thi gian kim tra;
- Sai s cho php tng ng vi mi ch tiu kim tra.
3.2.6.4 Kim tra sc chu ti ca cc
Nu cc yu cu khi kim tra sc chu ti ca cc. V d:
- S lng cc th nghim;
- V tr cc cc th nghim;
- Tiu chun th nghim;
- Loi th nghim (th nghim thm d, th nghim kim tra);
- Loi ti trng (nn dc trc, nn ngang, nh);
- Phng thc gia ti (ti trng tnh, ng);
- Yu cu i vi thit b th nghim;
- Quy trnh gia ti (duy tr ti trng hoc tc bin dng khng i);
- Ti trng th nghim ln nht (i vi th nghim bng ti trng tnh) hoc chuyn v
ca cc (i vi th nghim bng ti trng ng);
- Cc ghi chp trong qu trnh th nghim;
- Bo co kt qu th nghim;
- Phng php din gii kt qu th nghim.
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3.2.7 Nghim thu cc

Cn ra yu cu v ni dung h s nghim thu cc (cc bin bn, bo co kt qu th
nghim kim tra cht lng, v tr, cc mu bin bn nghim thu, cc s c xy ra khi
thi cng v bin php x l p dng).
3.2.8 X l cc khuyt tt
- Nu cc bin php v yu cu k thut x l cc khoan nhi, cc baret khi pht hin b
tng thn cc c l rng hoc tp cht. V d:
+ Khoan n v tr khuyt tt v sau bm pht bng va mc cao;
+ p phn u cc n v tr khuyt tt (nu khuyt tt v tr khng su) v b
tng b;
+ Thi cng b sung cc (trong trng hp cn thit)
- Nu cc bin php v yu cu k thut x l cc khoan nhi, cc baret khi pht hin di
mi cc c nhiu tp cht (t, mn, betonit,) V d: Khoan thng mi cc, thc hin
cng tc thi ra ht tp cht sau tin hnh bm pht lp y khong trng di mi
cc bng va mc cao.
- Nu yu cu kim nh li cht lng cc sau khi x l khuyt tt. Cc ch c nghim
thu khi m bo cht lng theo yu cu ca thit k.
3.2.9 Thi cng i cc
(Mc ny tng t nh 3.1.8 ca chng 3.1 Cc ng/ p).
3.2.10 Thi cng h o
3. 2.10.1 Thit k t chc thi cng
Nu cc ni dung chnh v thit k t chc thi cng. V d:
- Cc yu cu chung v phng php o (o m, top-down, semi topdown, ).
- Mt bng thi cng tng th (v tr tng, b tr cc cng trnh ph tr, sn cng tc, thit
b thi cng, h thng in v nc, ng cng v);
- Cc bc thi cng chnh;
- Phn chia khu vc o, phn chia mch ngng b tng;
- D bo mc nh hng i vi cng trnh ln cn, phn loi cc i tng cn bo v,
xc nh phm vi v phng php quan trc xung quanh h o;
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- Tin thi cng, biu k hoch s dng nhn lc, thit b;

- Bng, biu huy ng vt t thi cng cng trnh;
- Bin php m bo cht lng;
- H thng quan trc a k thut trong qu trnh o mng;
- Cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng, an ton cng trnh ln cn v v sinh cng
nghip v mi trng.
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu. V d:
+ S ph hp ca vt liu s dng trong thi cng phn ngm i vi qui nh ca thit
k v cc tiu chun hin hnh;
+ Yu cu v hng dn s dng v chng ch cht lng ca nh cung cp i vi cc
vt liu s dng cho tng (xi mng, thp, ph gia, v.v...);
+ Th nghim kim tra vt liu t cc ngun cung cp trc khi a vo s dng;
+ Thit k cp phi b tng (hm lng xi mng ti thiu, kch c ht, st, );
+ Sa cha, khc phc cc khim khuyt ca h thng tng vy (nu c).
- Nu cc yu cu i vi thit b thi cng. V d:

+ S ph hp ca thit b vi cc yu cu k thut do thit k qui nh (cng sut, kch
thc, chiu cao, trng lng, );
thut ca nh ch to, ng kim, ...., ca cc thit b (cn cu, my o, thit b vn
chuyn, cc thit b quan trc, v.v.);
- Nu h thng quan trc. V d:
+ Xy dng h thng mc chun cho quan trc ln;
+ Thi cng h thng quan trc chuyn v ngang (nu c);
+ Thi cng cc h quan trc nc ngm;
+ Kim tra h thng quan trc (chuyn v ngang trong t, nc ngm, cc mc o
ln);
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+ Ch nh cc ngng cnh bo, cc du hiu nguy him;

+ Quy trnh phn tch v x l kt qu quan trc;
+ D kin cc bin php phng nga v khc phc s c.
3.2.10.3 Cng tc o
- M t chi tit trnh t thi cng, cc giai on thi cng;
- Quy nh v iu kin c th tip tc o, xc nh theo cc kt qu quan trc;
- Nu yu cu i vi thi cng h thng chng (i vi chng tm thi);
- Nu yu cu thi cng h thng chng vnh cu (vn khun, cng tc BTCT, );
- Nu yu cu v su ti a ca mi lt o;
- Nu yu cu v vn chuyn t o.
3.2.10.4 b tng sn, mng
a. Cc yu cu v vt liu v tnh nng ca b tng v va
Nu cc yu cu lin quan n vt liu cho b tng. V d:
- Yu cu v kim tra cht lng xi mng v ct liu dng cho b tng;
- Quy nh v s dng ph gia cho b tng;
- Thit k cp phi b tng theo cng thit k v c th ca cng ngh b tng (b
tng khi ln, );
- Cc yu cu i vi vt liu c bit (va cng cao, va khng co, );
- Cc vt liu, vt t s dng cho mch ngng thi cng.
b. Cng tc b tng
Nu yu cu i vi cng tc b tng. V d:
- Kim tra cp pha v thp;
- Yu cu k thut i v lin kt ct thp sn, mng vi ct thp ch trong tng;
- Kim tra st ca b tng trc khi ;
- Quy trnh bo dng b tng;
- Cc sai s cho php.
c. Nghim thu cng tc o
65
Nu yu cu v ni dung h s nghim thu cng tc thi cng tng v h o. V d: cc

bin bn, bo co kt qu th nghim kim tra cht lng, v tr, cc mu bin bn nghim
thu, cc kt qu quan trc, s c xy ra khi thi cng v bin php x l p dng.
Nu cc bin php an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng. V d:
- Quy nh i vi vic hng dn bo m an ton cho ngi lao ng;
- Trang thit b bo h lao ng;
- Yu cu i vi sn cng tc (nu c);
- An ton cho thit b;
- Bin php x l khi c du hiu mt an ton;
- Cc yu cu v bo v mi trng.
CHNG 3.3 X L NN (BC THM / GING CT HOC

TR T XI MNG)
3.3.1 Nhng vn chung
3.3.1.1 Phm vi
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- Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Phm vi chng ny bao gm cc ch dn v tiu chun

quy phm p dng, cc cng tc chun b, vt liu s dng, quy trnh thi cng, nghim thu
lin quan n cng tc x l nn bng cng ngh bc thm, ging ct v tr t xi mng
dng.
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm cn c p dng cho cng tc thi cng x l nn. V d:
a. Cc tiu chun Vit Nam
- Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam 1997 (3 tp)22TCN 236-97 Qui trnh k thut thi cng
v nghim thu bc thm trong xy dng nn ng trn t yu;
- 22TCN 244-98 Quy trnh thit k x l t yu bng bc thm trong xy dng nn
ng;
- 22TCN 248-98 Vi a k thut trong xy dng nn p trn t yu
- 22TCN 262-2000 Quy trnh kho st thit k nn ng t p trn t yu
- TCXD 245:2000 Gia c nn t yu bng bc thm thot nc
- TCXDVN 385 : 2006 "Gia c nn t yu bng tr t xi mng"
- BS 8004 Code of practice for foundations
- EN 15237: 2007 Execution of special geotechnical works - Vertical drainage
- EN 14679:2005 Execution of special geotechnical works - Deep mixing
3.3.2.1 Thit k t chc thi cng
a. Nu cc ti liu cn iu tra v thu thp phc v thit k t chc thi cng
67
- Bn v thit k, cc yu cu th nghim kim tra vt liu (ct, bc thm, vi a k thut,

phng php nghim thu);
- Kt qu kho st a cht cng trnh, kh tng, thu vn;
- H s kho st cng trnh ln cn, bao gm c cng trnh ngm trong phm vi thi cng v
khu vc c th chu nh hng do thi cng;
- a hnh, bnh khu vc thi cng, cc cng trnh h tng hin hu (ng giao thng,
ngun in, ngun nc phc v sinh hot v thi cng);
- H thng mc chun trong khu vc;
- Yu cu v kho st a cht b sung, kho st hin trng cc cng trnh ln cn, v.v..;
- Kinh nghim thi cng x l nn khu vc ln cn.
b. Nu cc ni dung chnh ca thit k t chc thi cng
- Bn v mt bng thi cng tng th (b tr phn vng thi cng, cc cng trnh ph tr,
hng di chuyn thit b, ngun in v nc, ng cng v);
- Cc bn v th hin cc bc thi cng;
- Ti liu hng dn cng ngh v cc thao tc thi cng, hng dn s dng thit b;
- Tin thi cng, biu k hoch s dng nhn lc, thit b;
- Bng, biu huy ng vt t thi cng cng trnh;
- B tr h thng quan trc a k thut ( ln, nc di t, chuyn v ngang, );
- Bin php m bo cht lng cng trnh;
- D kin bin php x l cc tnh hung c th pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng ng
thot nc v gia ti;
- Khuyn co v t chc thi cng th nghim nh gi s ph hp ca thit b thi cng
i vi iu kin hin trng, iu chnh qui trnh thi cng v bin php kim tra cht
lng theo iu kin thc t;
- Cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng, v sinh cng nghip v mi trng.
3.3.2.2 Nu cc yu cu i vi vt liu
- S ph hp ca vt liu (t san lp, vt liu thot nc, xi mng, ph gia, ), so vi
quy nh ca thit k v cc tiu chun hin hnh;
68
- Yu cu v h s cht lng ca cc vt liu;

- Th nghim kim tra vt liu t cc ngun cung cp (ct, bc thm, vi a k thut, xi
mng) trc khi a vo s dng.
3.3.2.3 ra cc yu cu v thit b thi cng. V d:
- S ph hp ca thit b vi cc yu cu k thut do thit k qui nh;
- H s ti liu v tnh nng k thut, chng ch v cht lng, m bo an ton k thut
ca nh ch to, ng kim..., ca cc thit b thi cng.
3.3.2.4 Cc cng trnh ph tr
a. Nu yu cu v cng trnh ph tr cn c trc khi thi cng
- ng cng v, ngun in v nc, ln tri,
- Kho bi cha vt liu (bc thm, vi a k thut, xi mng);
- H thng mc nh v, mc cao v bin php bo v cc mc trong sut qu trnh thi
cng.
b. Nu cc yu cu k thut v mt bng thi cng
- B tr mt bng thi cng theo iu kin t nhin, giao thng ni b v mt bng gia ti;
- bng phng v cng b mt ph hp vi ti trng ca thit b thi cng;
- Gii phng chng ngi vt ni v ngm, bom mn, thm thc vt,
3.3.3 Vt liu
3.3.3.1 Vt liu san lp (nu c)
- Nu cc yu cu chung v cp phi, m cht, bng phng ca nn san lp,
- Qui nh v kim tra cht lng v nghim thu t san lp to mt bng.
3.3.3.2 Vt liu thot nc ngang
- Nu cc qui nh v cp phi, b dy ti thiu, m cht, ca lp thot ct nc ngang
(hoc cc yu cu i vi bc thm ngang, nu c s dng thay cho lp ct thot nc
ngang);
- Nu cc qui nh v kim tra cht lng v nghim thu lp ct thot nc ngang hoc bc
thm ngang.
3.3.3.3 Vt liu thot nc thng ng
69
Ty theo phng php x l nn, cn nu cc yu cu v vt liu.

- Bc thm:
+ Nu r loi bc thm s dng (dng bng hay dng tr);
+ Nu cc c trng k thut ca bc thm ( bn chu ko, gin di, h s thm
ca o lc, kch thc l vi c trng ca o lc, ) v cc tiu chun th nghim xc
nh cc c trng .
+ Cc th nghim cn thit kim tra cht lng, tn sut th nghim mu;
+ Quy nh v iu kin bo qun.
- Ging ct:
+ Nu c trng k thut ca ging ct (ng knh, su, c hay khng c v bc);
+ Quy nh thnh phn ht ca vt liu v cc yu cu v th nghim kim tra vt liu.
3.3.3.4 Vt liu tr t-xi mng
- Nu yu cu k thut ca xi mng;
- Nu yu cu i vi ph gia, cht n (nu c);
- Quy nh v th nghim mu hn hp t-xi mng trong phng (hm lng xi mng, iu
kin bo dng mu, thi gian th nghim, ).
3.3.4 Thi cng th nghim (ty chn)
- Nu yu cu v thi cng cc bi th nghim (nu cn);
- Nu cc c trng ca bi th nghim (v tr, kch thc, loi vt liu, su v mt
ng thot nc). i vi tr t-xi mng th nu su, s lng tr v s b tr cc
tr th nghim;
- Nu quy trnh gia ti th nghim v ly mu th nghim i vi tr t-xi mng (nu c);
- Nu cc quan trc cn thc hin (p lc nc l rng, ln, mc tng cng ca t,
chuyn v ngang, v.v.).
3.3.5 Chun b hin trng
- Nu cc cng tc chun b, nh ng vo cng trng, lm phng mt bng, ln tri v
kho bi, thi cng lp m thot nc ngang, ;
70
- Nu cc yu cu v b dy ti thiu ca lp m thot nc ngang v bin php bo v

lp ny chng s xm nhp ca vt liu ht mn (Trng hp s dng bc thm ngang th
nu cc yu cu v rp ni vi bc thm thng ng).
3.3.6 Thi cng thot nc thng ng v gia ti nn
3.3.6.1 Thi cng ng thot nc
- Nu bin php nh v bc thm hoc ng thot nc trn mt bng;
- Nu cc qui nh v sai lch v tr trn mt bng, thng ng ca ng thot nc
(xc nh theo thng ng ca cn cm bc thm hoc ng to l cho ging ct) v
su h ng thot nc;
- Nu yu cu v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nhn lc thi cng ng thot nc, c
bit trong trng hp thi cng ging ct;
- ra bin php x l khi khng th thi cng mt s ng thot nc do vng chng
ngi vt hoc khi gp cc lp t cng;
- Nu yu cu v kim sot chiu di bc thm hoc khi lng ct c a vo t
(trng hp s dng ging ct);
- Xc nh cc s liu cn ghi chp trong thi cng, nh s th t ng thot nc, thi
gian thi cng, su, ..
3.3.6.2 Cng tc gia ti nn
- Nu yu cu v gia ti (thi gian v ti trng ng vi tng giai on, phng php xc
nh ti trng p v/hoc ht chn khng, );
- Nu cc quan trc cn thc hin trong qu trnh gia ti v d kin bin php x l cc
tnh hung c th xy ra khi gia ti;
- Nu yu cu v nh gi kt qu quan trc v hiu qu gia ti;
- Nu cc tiu ch cn t c c th d ti;
- Nu bin php bo v cc cng trnh ln cn nhm gim thiu nh hng bt li do gia
ti.
3.3.7 Thi cng tr t-xi mng
- Nu yu cu v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nhn lc thi cng;
- Nu bin php nh v tr trn mt bng, cc sai lch v tr cho php;
71
- Nu quy trnh khoan v trn, tc h v rt cn, tc quay cn, p lc kh nn (nu

trn kh);
- Nu bin php x l khi gp cc lp t cng hoc chng ngi vt;
- Xc nh cc s liu cn ghi chp trong thi cng;
- Nu bin php x l t thi (nu c).
3.3.8 Kim tra v nghim thu
3.3.8.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu v lp quy trnh gim st v nghim thu;
- Nu yu cu i vi nng lc ca cn b gim st v th nghim vin;
- Nu cc yu cu v thit b th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu v thit b quan trc
a k thut, v.v...;
3.3.8.2 Ni dung kim tra v nghim thu
Nu yu cu v kim tra v nghim thu. V d:
- Lp san lp to mt bng thi cng v/hoc lp m thot nc ngang (i vi trng hp
thi
cng bc thm/ging ct v gia ti);
- H thng mc chun v cc mc ph v cc mc nh v;
- H thng mc phc v quan trc a k thut;
- Cht lng vt liu bc thm/ging ct hoc tr t-xi mng;
- Cng tc gia ti, cc quan trc v x l s liu quan trc a k thut cho n khi d ti
v sau khi d ti (i vi trng hp thi cng bc thm/ging ct v gia ti);
- Cc kt qu th nghim kim tra;
- H s hon cng.
Nu cc bin php an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng. V d: t c mc tiu v
an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng, nh thu cn thc hin cc bin php sau:
- Hun luyn v an ton cho ngi lao ng;
- Trang thit b bo h lao ng;
72
- Lp bin pho bo v an ton cng trnh ln cn v trang thit b;

- p dng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng.
PHN 4 CNG TC B TNG, B TNG CT THP,

GCH
73
74
CHNG 4.1 CNG TC B TNG

4.1.1 Nhng vn chung
4.1.1.1 Phm vi p dng ca chng
Nu cc hng mc, cc cng vic, cc loi cu kin nm trong phm vi chi phi ca
chng Cng tc b tng. V d: Phn ngm, phn thn, cc cu kin ct, dm, sn,
khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng. V d: Chng Cc yu cu chung, Chng
Cng tc mng, cc,
4.1.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng, cc thut ng mi, cc thut ng
chuyn ngnh hp. V d: Dm chuyn, Cc cu kin b tng ct cng
Lit k cc tiu chun v quy phm trong nc, ngoi nc c la chn p dng cho
thit k, thi cng v nghim thu cng trnh. Sau ny trong cc mc khc nh vt liu, thi
cng,... vn cn nhc li v trch dn cc tiu chun quy phm ny. V d:
- TCXDVN 356:2005 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp-Tiu chun thit k.
- TCXD 371:2006 Nghim thu cht lng thi cng cng trnh xy dng;
- TCVN 4453:1995 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi-Quy phm thi cng v
nghim thu
- AASHTO T27 (Hip hi xy dng ng giao thng quc gia ca M) Phn tch sng
lc cp phi mn v th.
- ACI 301 (Vin b tng Hoa K) Quy nh k thut v kt cu b tng trong xy dng
- ACI 304R (Vin b tng Hoa K) Hng dn o lng, trn, vn chuyn v b tng.
- ACI 305R (Vin b tng Hoa K) b tng trong iu kin thi tit nng.
4.1.2 Vt liu
4.1.2.1 Tng quan
75
-. Nu yu cu chung i vi vt liu s dng cho hn hp b tng. V d: Chng loi,

phm cht, h s km theo, chng ch th nghim...;
- Nu bin php chung m bo cht lng vt liu u vo. V d:
+ Yu cu v vic xt duyt ca ch u t (ni dung ph hp vi chng cc yu cu
chung);
+ Quy nh vic nghim thu vt liu v s chp thun ca k s t vn;
+ Yu cu v vic chng minh ngun gc vt liu;
+ Bo qun vt liu ti cng trng;
+ Quy nh vic thay th nhng vt liu khng t yu cu, nhng vt liu khng ng
nh thit k.
4.1.2.2 Xi mng
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi loi xi mng s dng. V d: TCVN 2682:1999 Xi mng
poc lng-yu cu k thut; TCVN 6260:1997 Xi mng poc lng hn hp-yu cu k
thut; TCVN 4316:1986 Xi mng poc lng x ht l cao-yu cu k thut; TCVN
6067:1995 Xi mng poc lng bn sun pht-yu cu k thut, TCVN 6069:1995 Xi mng
t ta nhit - Yu cu k thut
- Nu chng loi xi mng.
- Nu yu cu v kim tra giy chng nhn xut x, mu xi mng trc khi a vo cng
trnh s dng.
- Nu yu cu v hnh thc b ngoi ca xi mng khi giao ti cng trng. V d: Ximng
c giao ti cng trng phi cn nguyn bao v du nim phong xut xng ca nh sn
xut...
- Nu cch bo qun xi mng khng lm gim cht lng trong qu trnh lu gi.
- Nu bin php x l xi mng b gim cht lng trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lu gi.
4.1.2.3 Ct liu b tng - bao gm ct liu kh (, si), ct
- Nu yu cu v ngun gc, xut x, tnh nng c l ha ca ct liu. V d: ct liu a
n cng trnh phi r ngun gc, xut x, c kim tra kim sot trc khi a vo s
dng.
76
- Nu cht lng, thnh phn ct liu phi tun theo tiu chun no? V d: Tiu chun
TCVN 1770:1986 Ct xy dng yu cu k thut; TCVN 1771:1987 dm v dm si
dng trong xy dng, mc 1: Si dm phi cha cc ht p v vi s lng khng nh
hn 80% theo khi lng, mc ca dm t thin nhin xc nh theo nn p ca
trong xi lanh (105N/m2) phi cao hn mc b tng, khng di 1,5 ln i vi b tng
mc 300, khng di 2 ln i vi b tng mc trn 300).
- Nu quy nh v kch thc ct liu, hm lng tp cht cho php i vi ct liu.
- Nu quy nh cch bo qun ct liu ti cng trng.
- Nu yu cu v vic kim tra ca k s t vn v xt duyt ca ch u t i vi ct
liu c s dng ti cng trnh.
4.1.2.4 Nc
- Nu yu cu v ngun nc (ging khoan, ngun nc my thnh ph,..) v cht lng
nc ( sch, ha cht, tp cht...).
- Nu tiu chun p dng nh gi cht lng nc. V d: TCVN 4506:1987 Nc cho
b tng v va-yu cu k thut.
- Nu yu cu v chng nhn t tiu chun ca nc.
4.1.2.5 Ph gia
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic s dng ph gia. V d: TCXDVN 311:2004 Ph gia
khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v va.
- Nu iu kin c php s dng ph gia.
- Nu yu cu v s chp thun ca k s t vn i vi vic s dng ph gia;
- Nu yu cu v cc d liu nh thu phi cung cp cho k s t vn khi c php s
dng ph gia: V d: Chng loi v nhn hiu hng ho, liu lng thng dng v nh
hng ca vic s dng t l cao hn v thp hn so vi yu cu, liu lng v phng
thc s dng.
4.1.3 Cp phi b tng
4.1.3.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu ca vic tun th cp phi b tng theo thit k.
77
- Nu nhng trng hp c thay th cp phi thit k bng cp phi danh nh. V d:

Hng mc cng vic nh hoc lng b tng cn s dng qu t; Phi c s chp thun ca
K s t vn, Trch nhim ca Nh thu l phi m bo c cng ca b tng.
4.1.3.2 Cp phi thit k
- Nu c im c bn ca cp phi thit k. V d: Cp phi b tng cng cao, cng
thp
- Nu yu cu v do ca cp phi thit k.
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu i vi vic thit k cp phi v cng b tng c
cung cp.
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi b tng. V d: Cng yu cu sau 28 ngy, lng
ximng ti thiu, lng ximng ti a, t l nc/ximng ti a.
- Nu cc yu cu khc. V d b tng khng b phn tng, khng qu lng v t c yu
cu d dng x l b mt hon thin...
4.1.3.3 Cc cp phi th nghim
- Nu quy nh s mu ly th nghim.
- Nu s mu kim tra tui 7, 14, 21, 28 ngy.
- Nu cch xc nh cng qua cc mu th nghim.
- Nu quy nh v b tng (bo dng, thanh chng) ti cng trng cho n khi k s
t vn c c kt qu chng nhn v cht lng ca cc mu th nghim.
4.1.3.4 Thay i v t l cp phi
- Nu trng hp cn thay i v ci thin cp phi b tng. V d: thi tit nng nc bc
hi nhanh cn tng t l nc,
- Nu quyn ca k s t vn v trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic thay i v ci thin
cp phi b tng.
4.1.4 M trn ti cng trng
- Nu yu cu m bo khi lng cc thnh phn theo t l cp phi.
- Nu yu cu v mc chnh xc ca cc thit b o trng lng v th tch. V d: Theo
tiu chun 4453:1995 mc 6.2.4: Sai lch cho php khi cn ong thnh phn ca b tng.
78
Loi vt liu
Sai s cho php
Xi mng v ph gia dng bt
Ct dm, hoc si
Nc v ph gia lng
- Nu trch nhim ca k s t vn i vi vic kim tra thit b o v khi lng ct liu

trc khi tin hnh cng vic.
4.1.5 Trn b tng
- Quy nh v khi lng, thi gian m trn m bo my trn s c hot ng mc
cho php ca nh sn xut (ty theo chng loi thit b).
- Nu cch thc trn b tng (cng bc v khng cng bc).
- Nu cc lu i vi cc m trn.
- Nu quy nh v thi im dng trn.
4.1.6 do v ng nht
- Nu tiu chun p dng kim tra st b tng. V d: TCVN 3106:1993 Hn hp b
tng nng-Phng php th st, tiu chun 4453:1995, mc 6.1.2.
- Nu cc yu cu v st ca b tng.
- Nu thi im kim tra st.
- Nu yu cu khi kim tra lu lng i vi b tng c st cao (dng trong bm b
tng).
4.1.7 B tng ti
- Nu yu cu chp thun ca k s t vn vi vic s dng b tng ti.
- Nu tiu chun p dng kim tra cht lng b tng ti..
- Nu nhim v ca k s t vn trong vic kim tra vic b tng ti (nng lc nh cung
cp).
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu i vi vic m bo cht lng cc loi b tng trn sn,
bin php x l nu b tng khng t yu cu v cht lng. V d: Khng t yu cu tr
79
xe quay v nh sn xut.
- Nu s chp thun ca k s t vn cho mi ln b tng ti, s lng xe d tnh s
dng, quy nh thi gian gia 2 xe khi giao ti cng trng, thi gian xe i, thi gian xe
n, kim tra st ti hin trng
- Nu quy nh cc thng tin nht thit phi c i vi mi xe b tng n cng trng. V
d: Tn ca thit bi m trn, s sri ca phiu giao hng, s xe v ngy giao hng, nhit
ca m trn, tn ngi mua hng, tn v v tr cng vic, c tnh k thut v bn v
khi lng b tng c s dng hoc cc thnh phn c trn, khi lng b tng,
st cho php, kch c ti a ca cc ct liu th, tn thng mi ca cht ph gia, nu c,
ch k xc nhn ca nhn vin gim st cng trng, ngi s xc nhn thi gian n cng
trng ca xe.
- Nu quy nh vic thay i nh cung cp b tng khng thc hin ng theo yu cu.
- Nu cc lu khc khi s dng b tng ti. V d: Xe trn b tng cho thm nc hoc
ph gia sau khi nhn t trm trn thi khng c chp nhn.
4.1.8 Kim sot nhit b tng ti
- Nu tiu chun p dng v nhit b tng ti.
- Nu quy nh v lch cho php ca nhit b tng ti ni giao hng so vi nhit
quy nh.
4.1.9 Cung cp b tng
4.1.9.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu cc yu cu k thut m phng tin vn chuyn b tng phi p ng.
- Nu trch nhim ca k s t vn i vi vic kim tra v chp thun cc thit b vn
chuyn.
- Nu cc yu cu khc. V d: Yu cu v sinh thit b trc khi vn chuyn.
4.1.9.2 Bm v ng ng bm b tng
- Quy nh cc trng hp cho php dng bm b tng.
- Nu yu cu v s ph hp gia khi lng cn cung cp b tng v kh nng bm b
tng.
80
- Nu cc yu cu bt buc cn phi m bo khi kim tra trc lc b tng. V d:

ming phu thu v ng ng bm b tng khng c vt cn bn trong, cc ng giong
ni ng phi kht vo thn ng v ng ng phi c c nh ti nhng v tr chc
chn...
- Nu yu cu v s hot ng lin tc ca bm b tng. Bin php x l khi gp gin on
vic cung cp b tng.
- Quy nh cc trng hp c php ngng bm b tng: V d: B tng c ln tp cht
lm nght van hoc ng ng,...
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi cc ng ng ni thm.
- Nu cch bo qun ng ng khi thi cng trong thi tit khc nghit (nhit cao,
ma). V d: TCVN 4453:1995 mc 6.3.5 quy nh khi thi cng b tng trong thi tit
nng, mt ngoi ng cn che ph hoc sn trng hn ch bc x mt tri lm nng b
tng.
4.1.10 Thi cng b tng
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi cng tc b tng. V d: TCVN 4453:1995 Kt cu b
tng v b tng ct thp ton khi-Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
- Nu yu cu v s chp thun ca k s t vn i vi b tng trc khi b tng.
- Nu yu cu v s chp thun ca k s t vn i vi thit b s dng trong qu trnh
b tng.
- Nu yu cu i vi dn gio, cy chng v cp pha trc khi b tng.
- Quy nh thi gian b tng. V d: Thi gian t lc xi mng trn vo ct liu cho
n khi hon thnh thao tc b tng; thi gian vn chuyn n cng trng bng xe trn
b tng, thi gian gin on t lc b tng c bm ra khi xe n khi hon thin ti v
tr mong mun.
- Nu cc vn cn lu khi b tng. V d: Quy nh v chiu cao ti a khi
khng gy nn s phn tng cho b tng. Trnh vic b tng lm nhiu lp ln ct thp.
B tng nn c trc tip ti mt v tr c nh v s c san ra dc theo vn cp pha
n cc v tr cn thit.
- Nu dy ca mi lp khi b tng. V d TCVN 4453:1995 quy nh nh bng sau:
81
Phng php m
m di
Chiu dy cho php mi lp b tng, cm

1,25 chiu di phn cng tc ca m (khong
20cm-40cm)
m mt: (m bn)
- Kt cu khng c ct thp v
20
kt cu c ct thp n.
- Kt cu c ct thp kp
m th cng
12
20
- Nu bin php x l mch dng trong trng hp bt buc phi ngng b tng.
- Nu yu cu v khe chng co khi b tng.
- Nu bin php x l b mt b tng thi cng xong.
4.1.11 m b tng
Vi tng loi m c th cn:
- Quy nh s ph hp s lng m. Yu cu v m d phng.
- Nu yu cu k thut ca m. V d: V cu trc, cng sut, tnh nng.
- Nu cch thc m t cht lng v hiu qu cao.
- Nu cc vn cn lu khi m b tng.
4.1.12 b tng khi thi tit nng
- Nu quy nh v iu kin nhit v m mi trng.
- Nu bin php b tng khi thi tit nng v kh, trong phi nu c cc bin php
bt buc ca vic b tng khi thi tit khc so vi thng thng. V d khi b tng
khi thi tit nng phi:
+ Dng nc mt h thp nhit ct liu ln trc khi trn, dng nc mt trn
v bo dng b tng;
+ Thit b, phng tin thi cng, bi ct , ni trn v ni b tng cn c che
nng;
82
+ Dng xi mng t ta nhit;

+ Dng ph gia ha do c c tnh ph hp vi mi trng nhit cao;
+ b tng vo ban m hoc sng sm v khng nn thi cng vo ngy c nhit
trn 35C).
4.1.13 Bin php bo dng b tng
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho cng tc bo dng b tng sau khi . V d: TCVN
5592:1991 B tng nng yu cu bo dng t nhin.
- Nu cc bin php bo dng b tng.
- Nu thi gian bo dng i vi cc loi kt cu khc nhau.
4.1.14 Kim tra cng b tng
4.1.14.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu quy nh v mu kim tra.
- Nu quy nh v s chp thun ca K s t vn v phng th nghim thc hin kim tra.
4.1.14.2 Cc dng c o
Nu cc loi dng c o ti cng trng. V d:
- Dng c o st v tiu chun p dng, s lng thit b o.
- Khun thp c mu b tng v tiu chun p dng, s lng dng c o.
- Dng c o dung tch.
- Nhit k...
4.1.14.3 Ly mu v kim tra
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic ly mu, bo dng v lm th nghim mu. V d:
TCVN 3015:1993 Hn hp b tng nng v b tng nng - Ly mu, ch to v bo dng
mu th.
- Quy nh thi im ly mu.
- Quy nh v s mu ly trong tng m, s mu kim tra cng 7, 14, 28 ngy...
4.1.14.4 Chn t l mu kim tra
- Quy nh t l mu s c chn vo mi ln b tng trong ngy.
83
- Quy nh v quyn ca k s t vn i vi vic ly thm mu.

4.1.14.5 Cc yu cu chp thun
- Nu cc iu kin c chp nhn v cng b tng;
- Nu iu kin c chp nhn vi cc trng hp c bit (v d: B tng c cung cp
t nhiu ngun khc nhau, chng loi b tng tiu biu t ngun c bit)
4.1.14.6 Kt qu kim tra cng
- Nu cch thc nh gi kt qu th nghim.
- Nu nhng bin php cn x l khi mu th khng t yu cu.
4.1.15 Kim tra cht lng b tng trn kt cu
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic ly mu v th nghim, nh gi cht lng ti hin
trng (v d: TCXDVN 239:2006 B tng nng-ch dn xc nh v nh gi cng b
tng trn kt cu cng trnh).
- Nu cc phng php kim tra cht lng b tng trn kt cu. V d: Kim tra bng mt,
Khoan ly mu, dng sng bt ny, siu m.
- Nu cc quyn v ngha v ca k s t vn trong vic ch nh v tr ly mu li kim
tra.
- Nu yu cu v vic chp thun ca k s t vn v phng php v thit b kim tra.
- Nu quy nh v cc mu c chn th (v d: khng st m).
- Nu bin php khc phc nu cng khng t yu cu, b tng b khuyt tt.
4.1.16 Kim tra kt cu
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic th ti v cch x l kt qu kim nh th ti (v d:
TCXDVN 363:2006 Kt cu b tng ct thp-nh gi bn ca cc b phn kt cu
chu un trn cng trnh bng phng php th nghim cht ti tnh).
- Nu cc trng hp cn phi th nghim kim tra trn kt cu b tng ct thp c thi
cng xong (v d: cc kt cu mi, c bit, cc kt cu c pht hin cc du hiu khng an
ton cho giai on s dng sau ny,).
- Nu trch nhim ca k s t vn i vi vic chn v tr th ti i vi kt cu trn cng
trnh hoc bt c hng mc cng vic no m k s t vn cho l cn thit kim tra;
84
- Nu yu cu v s chp thun ca Ch u t.
4.1.17 Ct thp
4.1.17.1 Tng quan
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi loi thp s dng;
- Nu cc loi thp c s dng v ra yu cu v hnh thc b ngoi ca ct thp
(khng b nhim bn, r st, dnh vy thp cn, dnh sn, du, m, dnh t...).
- Nu yu cu v Giy chng nhn xut x thp, chng ch xut xng v giy chng nhn
kim tra cht lng sn phm.
4.1.17.2 Gia cng ct thp
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic gia cng ct thp; (V d: TCVN 4453:1995).
- Nu yu cu x l vic gia cng ct, un, sai s v kch thc.
4.1.17.3 Ni ct thp
- Nu cc loi ni ct thp trong cng trnh;
- Nu tiu chun p dng ca vic ni ct thp.
- Nu yu cu chung i vi vic ni ct thp trn kt cu: Buc, hn, v cc cch ni
khc.
- Nu cc yu cu c th ca tng cch ni ct thp:
+ Cc yu cu i vi ni buc. V d: Quy nh v v tr buc thp; quy nh v loi
si thp dng buc; yu cu v vic kim tra ca k s t vn i vi nh thu (v tr v
khong cch thp, cch thc buc thp, lm sch thp...) ; cc yu cu cn phi p ng
ca mi ni buc.
+ Cc yu cu i vi ni hn. V d: Tiu chun p dng hn ni ct thp (TCVN
71:1997 Ch dn hn ct thp v cc chi tit t sn trong kt cu B tng ct thp); yu
cu nghim thu; yu cu i vi tay ngh th hn; cc trng hp khng c hn ct
thp.
+ Cc yu cu i vi mi ni mng sng. V d: Tiu chun p dng (TCVN
8163:2009 Thp ct b tng-Mi ni bng ng ren). Vt liu s dng lm mng sng, ng
ren; Quy cch mi ni v cc yu cu k thut mi ni phi t c; Cc yu cu khc.
85
4.1.17.4 Lp bo v ct thp
- Nu quy nh v chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp;
- Nu quy nh v cch thc nhm m bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v (Yu cu v con
k, ming m).
4.1.18 Cp pha v cy chng
4.1.18.1 Yu cu i vi vt liu lm cp pha
- Nu yu cu i vi vt liu lm cp pha s dng (v d i vi cp pha g: G c s
dng lm cp pha s l loi g ng tui, khng b khuyt tt tr khi c chp thun, s
dng c 2 mt g. B mt cp pha tip xc b tng s phi c v sinh sch s, khng
dnh va, inh, vt nt v khuyt tt khc. Cp pha khi cha s dng s c lm v sinh
sch s v c lu gi ti ni bng phng, kh ro v khng b m).
- Nu yu cu v vt liu chng dnh cho cp pha
- Nu yu cu v s chp thun ca K s t vn i vi chng loi cp pha v chng loi
vt t s dng.
4.1.18.2 Thit k cp pha v cy chng
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic thit k cp pha v cy chng
- Nu yu cu v thit k cp pha v cy chng. V d: kch thc, lin kt, khong cch
cy chng, vng cho php
- Nu yu cu v vic m bo an ton chu lc vn khun, cy chng v sn cy
chng;
- Nu bin php m bo, n nh, vng ca cu kin khi b tng.
- Nu yu cu v nghim thu i vi thit k cp pha v cy chng;
-Nu yu cu v ging chng khi thi cng trong iu kin thi tit c gi bo.
4.1.18.3 Dng lp cp pha
- Nu cc yu cu k thut khi lp t cp pha, cy chng.
- Nu yu cu lp t ct pha ng theo thit k.
- Nu yu cu thi cng cp pha m bo va b tng khng chy ra ngoi khi v m
b tng.
86
- Nu yu cu b tr cp pha hp l khi tho vn khun khng lm nh hng v gy

chn ng h hi b tng.
- Nu yu cu lin kt, ng cp pha.
- Nu yu cu v v sinh cp pha trc khi b tng.
- Nu yu cu v nghim thu cp pha v cy chng sau khi lp dng.
4.1.18.4 Tho vn khun
- Quy nh thi gian ti thiu cho vic tho vn khun cc cu kin.
- Nu cc trng hp cha c tho vn khun v cy chng; v d: trng hp tip tc
thi cng hoc gia ti tng trn.
- Nu trnh t tho vn khun v s chp thun ca K s t vn i vi vic tho vn
khun.
4.1.19 X l khuyt tt b tng
- Nu yu cu v vic kim tra thng k nhng khim khuyt ca b tng.
- Nu yu cu v cc khim khuyt c th sa cha v khng c sa cha (phi bo co
Ch u t).
- Nu gii php x l cc khim khuyt trong cng tc b tng.
- Nu cc yu cu, lu trong cng tc thi cng b tng hn ch cc khuyt tt.
4.1.20 Hon thin b tng
- Nu yu cu v vic x l cc cu kin (ct, dm, vch,...) cho bng phng, sch s.
- Nu yu cu v cch thc tin hnh hon thin mt sn b tng.
- Nu yu cu v cch thc tin hnh hon thin mt b tng l thin vnh vin.
4.1.21 lch cho php i vi b tng c ti cng trng
- Quy nh v sai s cho php khi thi cng cc cu kin; tiu chun nghim thu b tng ct
thp.
- Nu yu cu v x l cc cu kin khng m bo sai s cho php.
4.1.22 Cc khe ni k thut (Mch ngng v khe co gin) trong cng trnh
87
- Nu v tr cc khe ni k thut.
- Nu yu cu i vi khe ni k thut khi t b tng tip theo.
88
CHNG 4.2 CNG TC B TNG C SN

4.2.1 Nhng vn chung
Chng ny cp n cc vn chung i vi cng tc b tng c sn.
chng Cng tc b tng c sn. V d: Ct c sn, dm c sn, panel c sn,..
- Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny. V d: Chng
Cng tc b tng, Cng tc mng, cc...
- Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng.
4.2.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc thut ng v nh ngha s dng.
Lit k cc tiu chun v quy phm trong nc, ngoi nc c dng trong cng trnh v
thit k, thi cng, nghim thu.
4.2.2 Cc yu cu c bn
- Quy nh v nng lc kinh nghim ca nh my sn xut b tng c sn ph hp vi qui
m v tin ca cng trnh.
- Nu cc chng ch, chng nhn v sn phm.
- Nu yu cu v vic kim tra ca k s t vn gim st ti ni sn xut.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc cu kin c sn ch to ti hin trng.
4.2.3 Sn xut cu kin b tng c sn
4.2.3.1 Vt liu b tng v ct thp
Ph hp nhng yu cu ca chng 4.1
4.2.3.2 Thit b gi
- Nu yu cu v vic nh sn xut phi nu thuyt minh v thit b gi sn xut cu
89
kin.
- Nu yu cu v vic kim tra v chp thun ca k s t vn v nh thu vi thit b gi
.
4.2.3.3 Sn xut cu kin ti hin trng
- Nu yu cu v loi, cht lng vn khun.
- Nu yu cu v s dng thit b s dng trong sn xut.
- Nu yu cu v s dng thp gia c, ging, thp chn ngm v cc vt liu khc.
- Nu yu cu v bo dng b tng.
- Nu yu cu v nghim thu cu kin.
- Nu cc yu cu khc trong qu trnh sn xut.
4.2.3.4 Nghim thu sn phm b tng c sn
- Nu yu cu v cht lng sn phm cu kin b tng c sn hon thnh:
- Nu yu cu v mu sc hnh dng b ngoi.
- Nu sai s cho php v kch thc hnh hc.
- Nu yu cu v vic cp chng ch cht lng km theo i vi cu kin sn xut ti nh
my.
4.2.3.5 Yu cu v vn chuyn v bo qun
- Nu cc yu cu v vn chuyn v bo qun cu kin, sn phm b tng c sn.
- Nu cc yu cu v vic kim tra li sn phm sau khi vn chuyn, bo qun.
4.2.4 Dng lp
4.2.4.1 Chun b dng lp
- Nu yu cu v kim tra hin trng nh v iu kin dng lp.
- Nu yu cu v thit b cu lp. V d: sc cu...
- Nu yu cu v cc bin php gia cng tm thi.
- Nu yu cu v gi tr nh gi tr tm (nu c), chuyn v cho php.
- Nu yu cu v an ton lao ng khi dng lp, v cc thit b an ton.
90
4.2.4.2 Lp dng
- Nu quy trnh lp dng cc cu kin ca kt cu m bo lp dng kt cu m khng
gy nh hng n hnh dng, cht lng sn phm v s lm vic ca chng trn cng
trnh.
- Quy nh vic thay th v sa cha nhng sn phm b s c hay khuyt tt trong qu
trnh lp dng.
4.2.4.3 Sai s lp dng cho php
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: TCXDVN 390:2007 Kt cu b tng v b tng lp ghpQuy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
- Quy nh sai s lp dng cho php.
- Nu yu cu v bin php iu chnh cc b phn kch thc ph hp vi sai s cho
php.
- Nu yu cu v nghim thu.
91
CHNG 4.3 CNG TC B TNG NG LC TRC

4.3.1 Nhng vn chung
chng Cng tc b tng d ng lc. V d: dm, sn ng sut trc..
khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng. V d: Chng Cng tc b tng (Trong
chng ny phn cc cng vic lin quan b tng, cp pha u ph hp vi yu cu ca
chng 4.1).
4.3.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc thut ng v nh ngha s dng. V d: Neo, ng ghen, kch,
thit k, thi cng, vt liu, th nghim. Vi d: TCXDVN 356:2005 Kt cu b tng v b
tng ct thp-Tiu chun thit k; TCXDVN 389:2007 Sn phm b tng ng lc trcyu cu k thut v nghim thu,...
4.3.2 Vt liu
4.3.2.1 Ct thp ng lc trc
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: TCVN 3100:1979 Dy thp trn dng lm BTCT ng lc
trc.
- Thuyt minh v cc loi thp thanh v cc ng lc trc c s dng.
- Nu yu cu v vic bo v chng ph hoi vt l v n mn ha hc i vi cp ng lc
trc.
- Nu bin php x l khi thp b ph hoi vt l, n mn ha hc.
- Nu yu cu v vic ng gi, vn chuyn v lu kho thp ng lc trc.
4.3.2.2 Neo
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: Tiu chun BS 4447:1973 Ch dn k thut cho vn hnh
92
neo ca kt cu ng sut trc.

- Nu loi neo s dng.
- Thuyt minh tnh nng k thut ca cc thit b neo v b ni.
- Nu cch thc lp t thit b neo, b ni v cc yu cu k thut.
- Nu yu cu th nghim kim tra cht neo trc khi lp t.
4.3.2.3 ng ghen
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: tiu chun TCCS 01:2009/TD-BD.
- Nu loi ng ghen s dng.
- Nu kch thc mt ct ng ghen so vi tng din tch cp ng lc.
- Nu yu cu v cng ng ghen.
- Nu sai s cho php khi lp ng ghen theo phng ngang v phng ng.
- Nu cch thc ni ng ghen v yu cu k thut ca on ni.
- Nu cch thc bo qun ng ghen trnh nc v cc mnh v xm nhp trc khi b
tng.
4.3.2.4 L bm va
- Nu cc loi l bm va; kch thc l bm va; cc yu cu ng (ni vi ng ghen)
dng bm va.
- Quy nh v chiu di ng ghen bt buc phi c l bm va.
- Nu yu cu v khong cch v chnh cao ca l bm va.
4.3.2.5 Va
- Nu yu cu v xi mng trn va, tiu chun p dng. V d: TCVN 2682:1999 Xi mng
poc lng-yu cu k thut; TCVN 6260:1997 Xi mng poc lng hn hp-Yu cu k
thut; TCVN 4316: 1986 Xi mng poc lng x ht l cao-yu cu k thut; TCVN
6067:1995 Xi mng poc lng bn sun pht-yu cu k thut, TCVN 6069:1995 Xi mng
t ta nhit-yu cu k thut
- Nu yu cu v cht ph gia, tiu chun p dng. V d: TCXDVN 311:2004 Ph gia
khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v va.
93
- Nu yu cu v cht lng nc, tiu chun p dng. V d: TCXDVN 302:2004 nc

trn b tng v va-yu cu k thut.
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi cp phi va. V d: Cng yu cu, lng xi mng, t
l nc/xi mng.
- Nu yu cu v mu th va v cng va.
- Nu yu cu v linh ng ca va, s thot nc ca va.
- Nu yu cu v gin n ca va.
- Nu yu cu v thi gian ng cng ca va.
- Nu yu cu v th nghim kim tra s ph hp ca va bm theo cc iu kin cng
trng.
4.3.2.6 Kch cng ct thp
- Nu yu cu v loi v nng lc ca tt c cc kch v thit b khc dng cho cng tc
cng ko ct thp.
- Nu yu cu v chng ch th nghim chng nhn c kim tra v hiu chun; Yu
cu v Phng th nghim chng nhn; thi gian chng nhn.
- Nu yu cu v gii hn o ca ng h o p sut, thit b o lc, lc k v cc thit b
khc c s dng cho cng tc xc nh lc cng ko.
- Nu yu cu v hiu chun ng h o p lc.
4.3.3 Yu cu lp t
4.3.3.1 Quy trnh cng ko
- Nu trnh t cng ko.
- Nu yu cu v cng b tng thi im cng ct thp.
- Nu yu cu lc cng ko.
- Quy nh gin di cho mi b cp.
- Quy nh h s ghi chp s liu cng ko.
- Nu yu cu v cht neo ct thp sau khi cng t lc thit k.
- Nu yu cu v vng, mc vng.
94
- Nu yu cu ct u b cp sau khi cng xong. V d:

+ Yu cu v thit b ct;
+ V tr ct.
- Nu bin php x l cc s c xy ra sau khi cng. V d: t cp, v u neo, lc cng
khng t thit k
4.3.3.2 Bm va
- Nu yu cu chp thun ca k s t vn vi loi va c bm.
- Nu yu cu v thit b bm. V d: cng sut, tnh nng k thut ca my bm va,
thng cha va.
- Nu yu cu v vic lm sch ng ghen trc khi bm.
- Nu cch thc bm va v cc yu cu k thut.
- Nu yu cu v thi gian bm va sau khi cng.
- Nu cch thc kim tra lp y ca va trong ng ghen.
4.3.3.3 b tng lp u neo
Nu cch thc v cc yu cu k thut.
95
CHNG 4.4 CNG TC GCH V GCH C CT THP

4.4.1 Nhng vn chung
Nu cc hng mc, cc iu khon nm di s chi phi ca chng kt cu gch . V
d: cc loi gch xy dng thng thng, gch trang tr v hon thin (p, lt,...), vt
liu xi mng thng thng, xi mng c bit, ct, gi , va xy dng thng thng, va
hon thin (trt, p, lt,...), va chu a xt, va chu nhit c dng trong cng trnh v.v...
- Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny, c bit
chng v yu cu chung.
- Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng.
4.4.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu nh ngha ca cc thut ng s dng trong chng. V d: gch t nung, gch x,
gch silict, cc loi gch khng nung,
thit k, thi cng, vt liu, th nghim. V d:
- TCVN 4085 : 1985: Kt cu gch - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
- TCVN 4459 : 1987: Hng dn pha trn v s dng va xy dng.
- TCVN 1770 : 1975: "Ct xy dng - Yu cu k thut "...
4.4.2 Vt liu
4.4.2.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi vt liu s dng trong cng trnh. V d: chng loi, quy cch,
cht lng, h s i km, kt qu th nghim, vic xem xt ph duyt ca ch u t, cng
tc vn chuyn, tp kt, bo qun v lu kho i vi vt t, vt liu.
- Nu yu cu nghim thu vt liu; vic thay th nhng vt liu khng t yu cu.
4.4.2.2 Xi mng
96
Ph hp yu cu nu trong chng 4.1.

4.4.2.3 Ct
4.4.2.4 Nc
4.4.2.5 Gch,
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: TCXDVN 5573:1991 Kt cu gch v gch ct
thp-Tiu chun thit k, mc 2.1, iu 2: Vt liu.
- Nu yu cu v ngun gc, xut x, tnh nng ca gch .
- Nu yu cu v cng gch (cng nn, un, ct,).
- Nu yu cu v th nghim kim tra cht lng gch , tiu chun p dng.
- Nu cch bo qun gch ti cng trng.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra ca k s t vn v vic xt duyt ca ch u t i
vi gch c s dng ti cng trnh.
- Nu yu cu v m ca gch s dng trong khi xy.
4.4.2.6 Va
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi cp phi va. V d: Cng yu cu, Lng xi mng, t
l nc/ ximng.
- Nu yu cu v do ca cp phi va.
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu i vi vic thit k cp phi v cng va cung cp.
- Quy nh cc c tnh quan trng ca hn hp va. V d: lu ng, phn tng,
nc (kh nng gi nc) v phng php xc nh.
- Quy nh bn chu nn ca va.
- Nu cc yu cu cho vic ch to, dng h v phng php th mu va.
- Quy nh vic kim tra bng cc mu va ly ngay ti hin trng thi cng.
- Thuyt minh v vic s dng cc ph gia.
- Nu cc yu cu khc.
97
4.4.2.7 Ct thp dng trong khi xy gch

- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi loi thp s dng trong khi xy gch .
- Nu yu cu v hnh thc b ngoi ca ct thp. V d: khng b nhim bn, r st, dnh
vy thp cn, dnh sn, du, m, dnh t....
- Nu yu cu v giy chng nhn xut x thp, chng ch xut xng v giy chng nhn
kim tra sn phm.
4.4.3 Thi cng v nghim thu
4.4.3.1 Yu cu i vi kt cu gch thng thng
- Quy nh cc c tnh quan trng ca khi xy gch . V d: chiu dy mch va
ngang, lp y ccc mch va ng, cc v tr giao nhau vi h thng k thut cng
trnh.
- Quy nh v kch thc mi khi xy v nghing cho php i vi khi xy.
- Quy nh v dung sai s kch thc. V d: chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao, bng
phng, thng ng, v.v...
- Nu cc yu cu cho vic kha tng.
- Quy nh kiu cch xy v cc hng gch ngang, dc trong khi xy.
- Quy nh chi tit v khi xy ua, khi xy vm.
- Quy nh chi tit cng tc ly du trong thi cng p lt.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc trt, lng.
- Nu cc yu cu cho vic lp dng gi (nu cn).
- Nu bin php x l i vi khi xy khng t yu cu.
- Quy nh c th cho vic thi cng trong ma h, ma kh, ma gi kh nng.
- Quy nh i vi cc thit b phc v thi cng.
4.4.3.2 Yu cu i vi kt cu gch ct thp
- Nu cc yu cu v va i vi khi xy c ct thp. V d: khng dng va vi...
- Quy nh v cng tc ct thp trong khi xy gch ct thp (xem chng ct thp
trong b tng).
98
- Quy nh v chiu dy mch va. V d: Chiu dy mch va phi ln hn tng ng

knh cc thanh thp an nhau t nht l 4mm v.v...
- Quy nh v khong cch gia cc thanh thp v hnh dng li thp an i vi tng v
tr kt cu. V d: khi xy ct v tng cnh ca phi dng cc li ct thp ngang an
ch nht hoc un ch chi, buc k hoc hn cht v.v...
PHN 5 CNG TC KIM LOI
99
CHNG 5.1 KT CU THP
5.1.1 Nhng vn chung

Nu cc hng mc, cc iu khon nm di s chi phi ca chng Kt cu thp cng
nh cc loi cu kin, cc loi cng tc ca Kt cu thp. V d:
- Cc loi cu kin chu lc chnh, cc cu kin th yu, cc vt lin kt (bulng, hn,
vt, ...), khung chnh, x g, dm tng, sn thao tc, cc mi lin kt (dm vi ct, dm
vi dm, ...).
- Vic cung cp, ch to, giao nhn, t hp, dng lp, lp t cc b phn ca kt cu thp.
Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny, c bit chng
v yu cu chung. Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng. V d :
Bng thng s k thut ca cc sn phm.
5.1.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu nh ngha cc thut ng s dng trong chng: do kt cu thp c nhng c th v
thit k, thi cng khc vi cc loi kt cu khc. V d: thp kt cu, khung chnh, kt cu
th yu, bn v ch to, nh thu ch to, k s, nh thu dng lp, v.v...
thit k, thi cng, vt liu, th nghim. V d :
TCXDVN 338: 2005 Thit k kt cu thp.
TCXD 170:89 Kt cu thp . Gia cng lp rp v nghim thu.
100
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Specification for Structural Steel

Buildings, Allowable Stress Design (ASD). Quy nh k thut cho Nh kt cu thp Thit
k theo ng sut cho php.
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Code of Standard Practice for
Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges.- Quy phm thc hnh cho Nh kt cu thp v cu.
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel
Buildings- Cc iu khon v thit k khng chn cho nh kt cu thp.
ASTM A36 - Carbon Structural Steel. Thp cacbon kt cu.
ASTM A307 - Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 ksi Tensile Strength. Thp cacbon cho
bulng
v mu neo cng ko 60 ksi.;
ASTM A449 - Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs.Thp ti cho bulng v mu neo.
ASTM A490 - Heat-Treated Steel Structural Bolts, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength.
Bulng bng thp nhit luyn cng ko ti thiu 150 ksi.
AWS D1.1 (American Welding Society) - Structural Welding Code - Steel. Quy phm
hn kt cu thp.
SSPC (Steel Structures Painting Council) - Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with
Magnetic Gages- o b dy mng sn kh bng thit b t tnh.
UL (Underwriters Laboratory, Inc.) - Fire Resistance Directory. Ch dn v chu la.
5.1.2 Vt liu
5.1.2.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi vt liu: chng loi, phm cht, cht lng b mt, h s i
km, chng ch th nghim, bin bn th nghim.
- Nu yu cu i vi nh cung cp vt liu, i vi nh ch to kt cu thp; yu cu v
vic xt duyt ca ch u t.
- Quy nh vic nghim thu vt liu; quy nh vic thay th nhng vt liu khng t yu
cu, nhng vt liu khng ng nh thit k.
5.1.2.2 Thp kt cu
101
- Nu tn thp, chng loi, tnh nng, tiu chun v.v. ca tng loi thp. V d: thp tm,
thp hnh, thp cun, thp thanh, thp trn. Nu cc b phn kt cu s dng cc loi thp
khc nhau th cn lit k y . V d lit k theo bng nh sau:
T/T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Vt liu dng cho

Dm thp cn, thp tm, thp gc, thp mng
Thanh ging
Dm t hp
Ct
Chn ct
Bulng neo
Bulng lin kt
thp to hnh ngui
Thanh ging ng trn
Theo Tiu chun

ASTM A36
TCVN CT38
ASTM A572 gr.50
ASTM A588 gr.50
ASTM A36
TCVN CT38
ASTM A325
ASTM A507
ASTM A53
- Nu cc yu cu c bn v tnh nng ca vt liu.

- Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca kch thc, dung sai v b dy, b rng ca vt liu.
- Nu yu cu v chng ch ca nh my sn xut vt liu.
- Nu cc yu cu b sung i vi tng loi vt liu, c th lit k thnh bng. V d: lit
k theo sau:
Hng mc
Tiu chun
Yu cu b sung
vt liu
Thp cng ASTM
A572 1 Hm lng lu hunh khng qu 0,01%
cao
gr.50
2 Thp phi c kim tra siu m 100%
3 Thp phi c kim tra v dai va chm v
Thp khng g
ASTM A240
phi tho mn v gi tr Charpy l 30 theo b dy

Cn nng, c nhit.Dng ch to ng hn ca
kt cu thp
- Nu cch bc d, di chuyn, bo qun vt liu thp c lp ph, cc dng c thit b s

dng cho vic ny.
5.1.2.3 Bulng - ai c
- Nu vt liu lm bulng loi cng cao, bulng thng, cp bn, tiu chun p dng.
Vt liu lm ai c, vng m. Cc chng ch v bn v cc tnh nng khc. Yu cu v
m. S lp m ti thiu. Cc loi vng m phi cung cp (vng m thng, vng m
vnh, vng m l xo).
102
- Nu loi bulng o lc trc tip. (V d bulng hai u), loi vng m o lc.
5.1.2.4 Que hn v dy hn
Nu yu cu i vi cc vt liu tiu hao khi hn. V d: que hn, dy hn, thuc hn phi
c tn v chng loi theo tiu chun no, chng ch ca nh sn xut, cch bao gi, bo
qun vt liu hn...
5.1.2.5 Sn lt
- Nu cc loi sn hon thin v cc vt liu sn bo v c th c ni mc 5.1.4.5
chng ny.
- Nu cc loi sn lt c s dng. Lit k cc b phn khc nhau dng cc loi sn lt
khc nhau.
- Nu cc loi sn lt dm ch m b h hi.
5.1.3 Bn v ch to v dng lp
5.1.3.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi bn v ch to. V d: ngi lp bn v ch to, vic trnh
duyt bn v ch to, ni dung bn v ch to.
- Quy nh v vic sa cha bn v ch to khi c s khng ph hp.
5.1.3.2 Ni dung bn v ch to v dng lp a trnh duyt
- Lit k cc loi ti liu m nh thu ch to kt cu thp phi trnh duyt trc khi ch
to. V d: bao gm nhng khng hn ch cc ni dung sau :
+ Bn tnh ton thit k cc b phn kt cu thp m thit k k thut cha thc hin;
+ Bn v b tr tng th kt cu;
+ Cc bn v ch to.
- Lit k cc loi ti liu m nh thu dng lp kt cu thp phi np duyt trc khi dng
lp. V d bao gm nhng khng hn ch cc ni dung sau :
+ Cc bn v dng lp;
+ Bn tnh ton thit k cc kt cu ph tr tm thi cho dng lp, cc im t kch,
im cu, tr .
103
5.1.3.3 Yu cu i vi bn v ch to v dng lp
Nu yu cu i vi bn v ch to v dng lp. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch,
cc iu sau:
- Quy nh ni dung ca khung tn bn v. V d: tn ca nh my ch to, s hiu bn v,
tn bn v m t ni dung, ngy thng xut hoc ln xem xt cui cng.
- Tham chiu n cc bn v m bn v ch to v dng lp da vo vt liu thp c sn
trc, c m, c ph lp chu la, cn c nh du r trn bn v.
- Mi cu kin phi c danh mc lit k cc chi tit.
- Phi c danh mc lit k bulng. V d: s lng, kch thc, chng loi, gi tr mmen
xit, v.v... Bn danh mc phi c chia nh cho cc loi lin kt khc nhau. V d: lin kt
dm vi ct, lin kt dm vi dm, ni ct, ni dm, lin kt ging vi ct, lin kt ging
vi dm.
- Phi c danh mc lit k cc mi hn, hn hin trng, b dy v b di ca chng.
- Quy nh v ni dung cn c bn thng k vt liu.
- Bn v dng lp phi gi n cng trng trc khi chuyn giao cc sn phm thp n
cng trng.
- Bn v dng lp phi bao gm c cc bn v ch to.
- Cc yu cu khc.
5.1.3.4 Cu to chi tit
- Nu ni dung thit k chi tit. V d: thuyt minh tnh ton mi ni, thuyt minh tnh ton
cc cu kin cha c tnh ton trong thit k k thut, cc bn v ch to ca cu kin v
ca cc mi lin kt.
- Nu c s ca vic thit k chi tit. V d: da trn bn v thit k k thut, thuyt minh
tnh ton kt cu v cc bn v tiu chun ca t vn thit k.
- Nu quy nh trong cu to chi tit. V d: h o lng SI hay h khc, gabarit vn
chuyn v phng tin vn chuyn la chn kch thc v khi lng cu kin vn
chuyn t nh my, la chn vic t hp kt cu ti nh my hay ti hin trng; khe h
dng lp dng cho vic cu lp, t vo ch v chnh.
- Ch r cu to phng chy cho cc chi tit.
104
- Nu cc yu cu khc i vi cu to chi tit. V d: khng c nhng ch cha m, cha

bi bn, d lau chi, d sn li, ch dn r rng mi lin kt nh my v mi lin kt cng
trng.
5.1.3.5 Lin kt
- Nu tiu chun p dng khi thit k chi tit lin kt.
- Nu phng php chn gi tr lc tnh ton lin kt. V d: theo kt qu lc thc t,
theo tnh ton ca thit k k thut, hoc theo kh nng chu lc ti a ca cu kin.
- Nu yu cu i vi lin kt hn. V d: ch r mi hn nh my, mi hn hin trng,
yu cu i vi hn hin trng, yu cu v gia cng mp hn, hnh dng v kch thc
ca cc loi mi hn.
- Lp bng lit k bulng s dng trong thit k lin kt, trong ghi r chng loi, cp
bn, bulng thng hay bulng cng cao, loi lin kt bulng (t p hay ma st, chu
ct hay chu ko), tr s lc xit bulng, phng php m bo lc xit bulng. Bulng
phi c thng k phn bit cho tng loi lin kt. V d: lin kt dm vi ct, lin kt
dm vi dm, ni ct, ni dm, lin kt ging vi ct, lin kt ging vi dm.
- Nu yu cu v vic chn v tr mi ni. V d: v tr bo m bn hoc v tr thun
tin dng lp, d dng cho vic hn v bt bu lng.
- Nu quy nh phi c bn v ring v cng tc hn, bn v chi tit gia cng mp hn
trong bn v ch to.
5.1.3.6 Cu kin
a. Ct
- Nu yu cu cu to ca ct t hp. V d: cch hn tit din t hp, cu to ca sn,
cc chi tit ca ct.
- Nu yu cu v mi ni ct.(ni t u hay thng qua vt lin kt hn v bulng), yu cu
v cu to chn ct; yu cu v bu lng neo.
- Nu yu cu v cc chi tit cn chnh, cu lp v vn chuyn ct.
b. Dm
105
- Nu yu cu cu to ca dm t hp. V d: cch hn cnh v bng ca tit din t hp

(hn lin tc hay hn t on, hn mt bn hay hn hai bn), cu to ca sn, cc chi tit
ca dm, vic s dng hn im cho cnh dm nhiu lp.
- Nu yu cu v mi ni dm (ni ti nh my, ni ti cng trng).
- Nu yu cu v lin kt dm ct (v tr, cu to), yu cu v vic dng mt bch ni
dm, lin kt dm vi ct.
- Nu v tr ta ca dm ln kt cu xy ln kt cu b tng v ln kt cu thp.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic neo dm vo sn lin hp.
- Quy nh v vng ca dm khi ch to.
c. Dn
- Nu yu cu v s hi t ca nt dn so vi cc trc ca cc thanh, v sai lch cho php
ca trc cc thp gc lm thanh cnh.
- Nu mi ni cng trng ca cc on vn chuyn ca dn.
- Quy nh i vi vic dng hn cng trng khuch i dn.
- Quy nh v b dy ti thiu ca bn m, bn m hoc bn ni gia hai thp gc ca cc
thanh dn.
d. H ging
- Nu yu cu v ng trc hi t ca cc thanh ging.
- Nu lch tm cho php.
- Quy nh v v tr im t lc ti cc nt lin kt ging vi kt cu.
- Quy nh s bu lng ti thiu cho mi nt lin kt.
- Nu bin php ko cng i vi thanh ging l mt thp gc.
- Quy nh ko dn khi ch to nhng thanh ny.
- Quy nh lc cng trong thanh ging bng thp trn.
5.1.3.7 Cc yu cu khc
Nu yu cu i vi bn v ch to v dng lp kt cu thp. V d: Bn v ch to v
dng lp kt cu thp phi th hin c nhng yu cu c bit ca thit k k thut v
106
kt cu thp (vic chun b b mt thp cho lin kt ma st, vic c tin hnh th nghim
vi ti trng hay khng, v.v...).
5.1.4 Ch to kt cu thp
5.1.4.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung ca vic chun b v nghim thu nguyn vt liu trc khi ch to. - Nu cc yu cu chung ca vic ch to kt cu thp, nu cc vn bn ti liu php quy
phi da vo ch to. V d:
+ Tiu chun ch to v nghim thu, cc bn v thit k k thut, bn v ch to, bn v
dng lp, v.v...;
+ Yu cu i vi cht lng b ngoi ca vt liu c dng ch to kt cu;
+ Quy nh chung v vic lm sch, nn sa, un thng vt liu trc khi gia cng;
+ Yu cu i vi mi chi tit v d cht lng b ngoi, tun th dung sai, h hi;
+ Yu cu v vng ca cu kin khi ch to. Cch thc hin vng;
+ Yu cu v vic nh du cc cu kin, v h thng k hiu nh du;
+ Yu cu v lu kho, bao gi;
+ Yu cu v g lp, v t hp b phn, v gi g lp, v khung dn, v cc thit b c
nh tm;
+ Yu cu v lin kt tm thi khi g lp, v hn nh, v lin kt vnh cu;
+ Yu cu chung v vic chun b b mt thp trc khi sn. Vic bo v cc lp ph
c sn trn kim loi;
+ Yu cu chung v trnh tay ngh ca th;
+ Quy nh vic sa cha nhng ch sai, hng.
5.1.4.2 Cc cng on gia cng ch to
a. Lm sch s b vt liu
Nu cc phng php lm sch s b. V d: co g, loi b du m, yu cu lm sch
trc khi gia cng.
b. Nn thng vt liu
107
Nu yu cu v nn thng, dn phng vt liu trc khi gia cng. V d: cc phng php

nn thng (nng, ngui), s ph duyt ca ch cng trnh hay nh thu chnh v vt liu
c chun b.
c. Un cong
Nu cc phng php un cong (nng, ngui), bn knh un cong ti thiu, quy nh i
vi phng php un cong. V d: vic un cong (nng, ngui) khng lm gim tnh nng
ca thp.
d. Ly du
Nu yu cu v trnh th ly du, yu cu v bn ly du v cc dng c, chnh xc
ca chng.
e. Ct
Nu cc phng php ct c s dng (ct bng dao, ca ma st, la xy th cng hay t
ng, plasma, v.v.).
- Nu lng di d xt s co ngt v vic hon thin b mt tip theo.
- Nu nhm cho php ca mt ct.
- Nu cc yu cu khc i vi mt ct (ch li lm, vy...).
- Nu cc phng php hon thin b mt c s chu lc c bit (t u, p tip xc).
f. To l
- Nu cc phng php to l c php dng cho cc loi cu kin khc nhau. V d: t,
khoan, khoan ring tm, khoan c tp, t kt hp khoan, v.v
- Nu yu cu v doa thnh l.
- Nu yu cu khoan l cho lin kt cht trc.
- Quy nh ng knh l so vi ng knh bu lng.
g. Lin kt bu lng:
- Nu tiu chun p dng trong vic cung cp, ch to, th nghim v thi cng lin kt bu
lng ti xng.
- Nu cc loi lin kt bu lng dng trong ch to ti xng.
108
- Quy nh v cch xit bu lng, cch m bo lc xit ca bulng trong lin kt vnh
cu.
- Nu bin php gia cng mt tip xc ca lin kt bulng cng cao c lc xit khng
ch.
- Quy nh v vng m. V d: s lng, loi vng m (thng, l xo, nghing, ..), vt
liu lm vng m.
h. Hn
- Nu yu cu i vi nh my i vi cng tc hn v lin kt hn. V d: Nh my phi
lp bn quy trnh hn (WPS) trnh duyt cho ch cng trnh/ch u t. Trong bn quy
trnh hn, phi nu r yu cu v phng php hn, vt liu hn, loi my hn, trnh th
hn, vic kim tra v th nghim mi hn, cc yu cu i vi mi hn v cu kin c
hn (cu kin cong vnh t nht), th t hn trong cu kin, s lt hn cho mt mi hn,
mi hn khng c ln x hay cc tp vt khc, quy nh chi tit v vic hn cng trng,
hn pht sinh b sung, ch u t ph duyt quy trnh hn (WPS) bng bo co thm nh.
- Ngoi vic tun th quy trnh hn, nh my cn nu thm cc vn sau y. V d:
+ Vic bo qun que hn, dy hn, thuc hn v cc vt liu hn khc;
+ Vic kim tra mi hn bng ngoi quan, kim tra kch thc, pht hin khuyt tt
ngoi - ca mi hn. Cc khuyt tt cho php;
+ Cc thao tc hn c bit (hn c lt ng, hn c mng ni di, hn b chn, hn
thm gc);
+ Yu cu v kim tra khng ph hoi (NDT) (trch nhim ca cc bn, cc phng
php kim tra khng ph hy phi s dng, cc v tr cn kim tra khng ph hy, chi tit
v quy trnh kim tra mi hn bng siu m, bng bt t, bng chp X quang v vic trnh
duyt cc quy trnh ny);
+ Yu cu v sa cha mi hn khng t cht lng nghim thu. Cch x l nhng
khuyt tt khi hn khuyt, hn khng ngu, hn loang, nt, r, sai kch thc. Cc phng
php c dng sa cha (c kh, nhit...). Chiu di ty b mi hn hn li;
+ Yu cu v nn chnh kt cu b cong vnh sau khi hn. Cc phng php c s
dng;
109
+ Trnh t thc hin.

5.1.4.3 G lp, t hp b phn
- Nu yu cu v cc thit b v dng c g lp. V d: gi quay, khung dn, sn phng
dng
- Nu yu cu v dng c v phng tin c nh tm.
- Nu yu cu ring v hn nh.
- Nu yu cu nghim thu cng tc g lp trc khi hn hay bt bu lng vnh cu.
- Nu thi gian ti a sau khi nghim thu g lp n khi lin kt vnh cu.
- Nu yu cu v an ton lao ng
- Nu yu cu v lp bu lng trong g lp.
- Nu yu cu v cc b mt tip xc, v bn m v bn ghp.
- Quy nh v vng m xin, vng m l xo, vng m ch th lc.
- Nu yu cu v m bo lc xit ca bu lng g lp.
- Nu yu cu v kim tra
- Nu cc phng php s dng xit bu lng ma st. Tr s mmen xon khi xit bu
lng cng cao. Nhng ch phi xit bu lng cng cao n lc xit trc ton b.
- Nu yu cu lc xit cho bu lng trong lin kt ct- p.
- Nu lc cng trc ca bu lng trong lin kt chu ko.
5.1.4.4 Dung sai ch to v g lp t hp
Quy nh dung sai ch to v g lp t hp cho cc trng hp. V d:
- Vi tit din t hp:
+ Dung sai kch thc hnh hc;
+ Dung sai b dy cnh, b dy bng;
+ nghing ca cnh.
- i vi cu kin:
+ Chiu di, khong cch cc chi tit theo chiu dc;
110
+ vung gc ca u mt;
+ Khong cch cc l bulng;
+ cong vng v vnh.
- i vi mi lin kt:
+ Gc lin kt gia dm v ct;
+ vung ca chn ct;
+ V tr bulng neo;
cng cc trng hp khc v.v
5.1.4.5 Sn m - ph bo v
a. Yu cu chung v vt liu sn v cc lp bo v
- Lit k tt c cc loi vt liu sn c s dng trong cng trnh.
- Nu phm vi p dng ca mi loi sn hoc mi loi h thng cc lp sn cho cc v tr.
- Quy nh chi tit h thng cc lp sn cho cc b mt khc nhau. V d
+ Sn ti xng cho kt cu thp thng dng (sn lt, sn trung gian , sn mt), b dy
mi lp sn, mu sn, bng, kt dnh, v.v...;
+ Sn ti xng cho kt cu thp c yu cu c bit nh phng chy, chu acid, chu
kim, chu nhit, tip xc vi nc, chn trong t, trong mi trng n mn mnh, ng
ng, b cha nc ung, thp khng g, thp m, v.v...;
+ Sn ti hin trng;
+ Sn trn mi hn;
+ Sn ti cc mi lin kt bulng thng v lin kt ma st,
+ Sn ti nhng b mt khng tip cn c.
V d: Lit k theo bng sau:
Hng mc
Kt cu thp trong nh
Cc lp sn
1. Sn lt pxy-km
2. Mastic pxy c lng cht dn 80%
th tch
3. Lp mt pxy polyamid
B y mm
50
100
50
111
Kt cu thp ngoi tri

v.v
Kt cu thp tip xc vi v.v
nc
- Nu yu cu v s ph hp ca mi loi sn vi cc tiu chun tng ng. V d: sn
bitum ph hp vi ASTM D 1187; sn cha km ph hp vi SSPC Paint 20
- Nu yu cu kim tra xut s, nh sn xut vt liu sn so vi quy nh ca hp ng
hoc ca thit k.
b. Yu cu chung cho cng tc sn, m, ph bo v
- Nu yu cu v trnh cng nhn.
- Nu a im chun b vt liu sn, a im thc hin cng tc sn.
- Nu yu cu kim tra ca nh sn xut sn v cch pha ch sn, c cn ly mu kim
tra hay khng.
- Nu yu cu v m trn vt liu: bt buc mt m hay c th nhiu m dng cho cc ch
ring bit
- Nu bin php bo v b mt mi sn cha kh v bo v cc b nt ln cn b mt sn.
- Nu bin php lm sch b mt. V d:
+ Cc yu cu lm sch b mt thp trc khi sn.
+ Chun b lm sch nh loi b du m, sn c; mi bt cnh sc. Cch kim tra. cc
phng php lm sch b mt c dng nh bn chi st, giy rp, ra axit, mi, phun
ht, v.v. cho mi trng hp c th. Thit b c s dng. Quy nh sch cn thit.
- Nu phng php kim tra sch. V d: bn r, mu so snh...
c. Cng tc sn
- Quy nh trnh t cng tc sn khi ch to kt cu. V d: ch to lm sch sn lt
hoc lm sch ch to sn lt hoc lm sch sn lt hn c ch to sn lt.
- Nu cc phng php sn c s dng (chi, phun, nhng, v.v.); cc thit b thc
hin cng vic ny. Cc iu kin k thut khi sn (b dy mt lt sn, khong thi gian
gia cc lt sn, nhit - m ca khng kh, v.v.).
112
- Quy nh vic kim tra pht hin nhng khim khuyt ti cc lp sn. V d: lp sn b
h hi, b dy khng , b mt b nhim bn. Cch x l v sa cha (ty b bng bn
chi st, lm sch bng chn khng, cch sn tip).
- Quy nh vic kim tra cng tc sn.
+ Kim tra vic chun b b mt. V d: kim tra sch sau khi lm sch c kh, sau
khi lm sch bng phun ht;
+ Phng php kim tra. V d: trc quan, i chiu nh, dng thit b r mt phng;
+ Kim tra sn phm sn. V d: b dy mng sn kh : phm vi p dng ; thit b
p dng, s lng im o; bm dnh : nhng ch cn kim tra ; thit b p dng;
+ Yu cu v kim nh thit b kim tra. V d: theo ch dn ca nh sn xut thit b,
theo b mt thp tin hnh kim nh.
d. Cng tc m
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi cng tc m. V d : ASTM A-123 hoc ISO 3575...
- Nu yu cu i vi b mt thp m. V d: khng c tch lp, khng c vt nt,
khng c x, vy hn, du m, ...
- Nu yu cu v cng tc ch to v t hp phi thc hin trc khi m.
- Nu yu cu cu v phun ht, v mi i vi thp trc khi m.
- Quy nh v trng lng m cho mt mt vung.
- Nu yu cu cu i vi b mt c m (nhn, lin tc, v.v.)
- Nu yu cu cu v b mt m ca lin kt bulng ma st.
- Nu yu cu cu v m i vi bulng, ai c, vng m, i vi cc phn ren rng c.
- Nu cch sa cha nhng ch m b h hi.
- Nu cch lu kho nhng sn phm m m bo thng thong v trnh bin mu do
m.
5.1.4.6 nh du
- Nu yu cu cu v h thng nh du phc v cho vic dng lp d dng, chun xc,
ph hp vi bn v tng th dng lp.
113
- Quy nh v tr nh du trn cu kin, cch nh du (bng sn, ng du kh, gn

nhn).
- Nu cch nh du phn bit cu kin, v tr trn di, cch nh du v tr tri phi
i vi cu kin khng i xng, cc k hiu phn bit tri phi. V d: T/P hay L/R.
- Nu cc h thng nh du cho ct, dm, thanh ging.
- Nu cch nh du khi cc cu kin c vn chuyn dng ri.
- Nu cch nh du trn cu kin m.
5.1.4.7 Lu kho Bao gi
- Nu yu cu lu kho trc khi bao gi vn chuyn. Cc yu cu v xp vt liu, bo
qun sn phm chng han g, h hi.
- Quy nh v vic ph m cho nhng trng hp cn thit.
- Quy nh v bao gi. V d: thit k bao gi phi c duyt y bi Ch u t hay K s,
phi tho mn cc iu kin lin quan n:
+ Cch vn chuyn c s dng;
+ L trnh d kin;
+ iu kin thi tit;
+ Phng tin bc r dc ng vn chuyn;
+ c im ca cu kin c vn chuyn;
- Nu cch k , ming m, nm, chn, v.v
- Nu trch nhim ca nh my trong vic bao gi tt c cu kin thp bo v, trnh h
hi mt mt khi vn chuyn.
- Nu cc yu cu ring v vic vn chuyn cc dng sn phm c th. V d:
+ Bu lng, ai c, vng m;
+ Cc chi tit nh, clip ri;
+ Tm sn, cu kin dng tm;
+ Cu kin rng, ng;
+ Cc b mt c mi nhn, v.v
114
- Quy nh v cc vt liu khng c dng trong bao gi.

- Quy nh v vic c nh, neo gi cc bao gi.
- Nu thng tin cn c trong cc k hiu ca bao gi. V d: khch hng, hp ng, s hiu
bao gi, trng lng v kch thc , v.v
5.1.5 T hp hin trng v dng lp
5.1.5.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu nhim v ca nh thu trong vic t hp hin trng v dng lp. V d:
+ Tun th cc tiu chun quy phm v t hp hin trng v dng lp;
+ Lp thit k dng lp ; tnh ton chn thit b cu lp;
+ Thc hin cc h thng gi , ging chng m bo an ton; tnh ton thit k
cc b phn ny.
- Nu cc cng tc chun b khc. V d: kim tra mng, kim tra b mt ta ca cc kt
cu khc m kt cu thp t ln; kim tra bulng neo, v.v...
- Thit lp cc quy nh cho cc cng vic ring ca t hp v dng lp. V d:
+ Khi no cho php bung dy cu;
+ Quy nh v vic hn hin trng ; chun b cc bc cho vic hn ny.
- Quy nh i vi vic ct hin trng. V d: cc trng hp c php ct, cc
phng php ct c php dng.
5.1.5.2 Vn chuyn
- Nu k hoch vn chuyn kt cu m nh thu phi lm. V d: bao gm, nhng khng
gii hn, cc vn sau:
+ Yu cu ti thiu v phng tin vn chuyn;
+ Tuyn ng vn chuyn, hnh trnh, thi gian;
+ Vic k hng trn phng tin vn chuyn;
+ Vic bc r hng ; bi nhn hng;
+ Cn cu bc r hng, s hot ng, v tr cu, v.v
115
- Quy nh vic nghim thu giao nhn hng ti hin trng. nh gi cht lng sn phm
vn chuyn n.
- Quy nh v vic x l nhng kt cu b h hi trong vn chuyn.
5.1.5.3 T hp hin trng
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu trong vic thc hin t hp hin trng. V d :
+ Lm sch cc b mt tip xc khi t hp;
+ Thc hin vic cho cc b mt tip xc hon ton trc khi tin hnh lin kt vnh
cu;
+ Thit k v thc hin cc bin php chng (gi , chng tm, ging gi, nu cn,
cho vic t hp, v.v).
- Nu yu cu i vi gi tm, ging tm. V d:
+ Vic thit k, tnh ton h thng gi tm v ging tm cho t hp hin trng v
vic ph duyt cc thit k, tnh ton ny;
+ Vic thc hin v cung cp h thng gi tm v ging tm;
+ Vic cung cp vn sn, sn thao tc, cc dng c cho vic t hp;
+ Vic t kt cu gi tm ln kt cu c, v.v...
- Nu vic thc hin lin kt hin trng. V d:
+ Quy nh nhng trng hp c dng hn cho lin kt hin trng. Quy trnh k
thut hn hin trng;
+ Quy nh nhng trng hp lin kt hin trng no phi dng bulng cng
cao,, bulng cng thng. Nu cc trng hp bulng dng cho lin kt chu ct-p,
bulng dng
cho lin kt ma st khng trt;
+ Quy nh nhng trng hp phi xit trc bulng n lc cng ton phn (v d lin
kt chu lc ko trc tip, nhng mi ni c bit, kt cu my di chuyn ..);
+ Quy nh mmen xon cn thit xit bulng dng kht cht, bulng c lc xit
khng ch. Yu cu v thit b thc hin;
116
+ Quy nh chiu di ca bulng cn c vo b dy tp thp, vo mt ct c i qua ren

hay khng, vo s vng ren ti thiu ra ngoi ai c.
- Nu cc yu cu ca vic lp v vn bulng. V d: ging nh mc 4.3 chng ny.
5.1.5.4 Dng lp
a. Thit k vic dng lp
- Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic thit k dng lp. V d: Thit k dng lp do nh
thu thc hin trc khi tin hnh dng lp.
- Nu yu cu xt duyt i vi thit k dng lp.
- Nu ni dung ca thit k dng lp. V d: chn cu, v tr t hoc di chuyn cu, tuyn
lp; cc kt cu ph tr ; h thng dy ging no, v.v...
- Quy nh chi tit cch lp cc cu kin khc nhau. V d: lp dm, ct, dm cu trc, dn,
dm tng, cc lin kt vi mi hn hin trng, v.v...
- Quy nh v trnh t lp bulng trong dng lp kt cu.
b. Chun b mng v cc mt ta khc
Quy nh cc vic cn phi lm khi chun b dng lp. V d:
m bo sai s cho php ca cao chn ct, cao mt ta.
Lm sch mt mng, mt ta ; lm nhm nhng mt cn chn va.
m bo chnh xc ca bulng neo v v tr, cao .
Chun b cc con nm, con m cn chnh kt cu sau khi lp dng, v.v...
c. Dng lp kt cu
- Quy nh chi tit trch nhim ca nh thu thc hin vic dng lp. V d:
+ t cc kt cu tm, ging no, chng;
+ Nng cu kt cu theo thit k dng lp duyt. Quy nh v vic gi dy cu -cho
n khi lp xong cc b phn g;
+ Cn chnh kt cu theo phng thng ng, phng nm ngang, thng ng trc;
+ Thc hin lin kt hin trng nh quy nh im 3 mc 5.3 chng ny;
+ Xit cht bulng ca lin kt vnh cu.
117
- Quy nh v vic hn v ct ti hin trng, vic chp thun ca k s trong cc trng

hp ny.
d. Cng vic sau khi lp xong
Nu cng vic sau khi lp xong. V d: sn ph cc mi n hin trng theo mc 4.5; sn
ph cc ch cha c sn trong lc ch to xng, v.v...
5.1.5.5 Dung sai dng lp
- Quy nh chi tit dung sai cho kt cu dng lp. V d:
+ Sai lch v kch thc di ca tng cu kin v ca ton b kt cu;
+ Sai lch v tr v cao ca chn ct u tin;
+ thng ng;
+ Sai lch cao ca ct, ca mt dm ; chnh cao ca hai u dm hay u
dn;
+ Sai lch ray cu trc : khong cch hai ray, chnh cao gia hai ray ; lch khi
ng thng, v.v...;
+ Cc dung sai khc.
- Nu cc bin php sa cha c php s dng khi vt qu sai s cho php v dng
lp.
5.1.6 Gim st v th nghim
5.1.6.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu i vi vic gim st. V d: Phi to mi phng tin gim st ti mi
lc thch hp, ti mi a im ch to hay a im khc ca d n.
- Quy nh quyn gim st vt liu v nhn cng ti mi giai on ch to, gim st mi th
nghim.
- Lp quy trnh th nghim, kim tra cho cc giai on ch to, dng lp.
- Quy nh phm vi kim tra, th nghim bao trm mi cng vic, nhm m bo l vt
liu v sn phm ph hp vi tiu chun p dng, vi bn v, vi ch dn k thut. V d:
+ Kim tra v kch thc c tun th dung sai;
118
+ Kim tra gia cng mp hn;

+ Kim tra vic thc hin quy trnh hn;
+ Kim tra mi hn (ngoi quan, NDT, ..);
+ Kim tra cc giy chng nhn xut xng ca vt liu.
- Quy nh cc vn khc.
5.1.6.2 Gim st
- Quy nh cc ti liu m nh thu phi trnh trc khi bt u ch to kt cu thp
lm c s cho vic ph duyt v kim tra gim st. V d :
+ Chng ch vt liu ca nh my sn xut vt liu;
+ Quy trnh hn WPS;
+ Chng ch ca th hn v my hn;
+ Trnh t ch to v hn;
+ Cc quy trnh th khng ph hy;
+ Chng ch ca nhn vin thc hin th khng ph hy;
+ Cc phng php sa cha mi hn;
+ Bin php x l nhit sau khi hn, nu c trong bn v, v.v...
- Nu yu cu qim st hin trng. V d: yu cu v m bo iu kin cho vic gim st
hin trng nh li tip cn, sn cng tc, thit b, nhn lc, trang b bo h lao ng, yu
cu v m bo an ton lao ng cho vic gim st (hng ro, lan can, che chn).
5.1.6.3 Th nghim
- Nu danh sch cc phng th nghim c s dng lm cc th nghim ca d n.
- Quy nh v vic lp phng th nghim hin trng.
- Quy nh v quy trnh thc hin cc th nghim. V d: theo yu cu ca ai, ni no thc
hin, vic giao np kt qu, kinh ph th nghim, v.v...
- Quy nh v vic tin hnh th nghim hin trng trong qu trnh xy lp.
- Quy nh v vic th nghim cui cng hin trng khi hon thnh xy lp chng
t tnh ph hp ca cng trnh.
119
- Quy nh v vic cung cp cc phng tin thc hin th nghim hin trng (thang,
li tip cn, sn cng tc, thit b, nhn lc, trang b bo h lao ng,...).
- Quy nh v vic bo v con ngi khi th nghim bng X quang.
- Quy nh v vic th nghim b sung khi c s khng ph hp ca sn phm vi tiu
chun hoc vi bn v.
- Quy nh v vic loi b, khng chp nhn v cch x l khi th nghim khng c kt qu
ph hp.
5.1.6.4 Kim tra cht lng v m bo cht lng
- Nu cc ni dung kim tra cht lng v m bo cht lng cho cc hng mc. V d:
+ Thit k chi tit v bn v ch to;
+ Cc cng on ch to;
+ Hn v NDT;
+ Cc th nghim v kim tra ti xng;
+ Lm sch v sn;
+ Bao gi v vn chuyn;
+ Dng lp, sai lch dng lp;
+ Th nghim cui v hon thnh, v.v
- Nu cc vn bn, ti liu lin quan n vic kim tra cht lng v m bo cht lng.
V d: bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
+ Chng ch vt liu (bin bn ca nh my sn xut);
+ Bo co kt qu th nghim v gim st;
+ Bo co chp nhn WPS;
+ Cc ti liu vn bn khc theo quy nh ca cc Tiu chun Quy phm c p dng.
120
CHNG 5.2 H SN, H TNG V H MI THP

5.2.1 Nhng vn chung
- Nu cc hng mc, cc iu khon nm di s chi phi ca chng h sn, h tng v
h mi thp cng nh cc loi cu kin, cc loi cng tc ca h sn, h tng v h mi
thp nh: cc loi cu kin ca sn thp; cc cu kin ca tng thp cc cu kin ca mi
thp, cc vt lin kt (bulng, hn, vt,), sn thao tc, cc mi lin kt (dm vi tm sn,
ct vi dm tng v tm tng, dm mi vi x g, vi tm mi, )
- Nu yu cu i vi vic cung cp, ch to, giao nhn, t hp, dng lp, lp t cc b
phn ca h sn, h tng v h mi thp.
Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny, c bit chng
v yu cu chung. Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng nh: bn
tinh nng ca sn phm.
5.2.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu nh ngha ca cc thut ng s dng trong chng, do h sn v h mi thp c
nhng c th v thit k, thi cng khc vi cc loi kt cu khc. V d: tm sn, tm mi,
tm tng, vt liu cun, dm tng, sn thp, bn v ch to, nh thu ch to, k s, nh
thu dng lp, v.v...
Lit k cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng trong nc, ngoi nc v thit k, thi cng,
vt liu, th nghim. V d:
k theo ng sut cho php
- AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Code of Standard Practice for
Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges.- Quy phm thc hnh cho Nh kt cu thp v cu.
121
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel
Buildings- Cc iu khon v thit k khng chn cho nh kt cu thp
ASTM A36 - Carbon Structural Steel. Thp cacbon kt cu
ASTM A242/A242M - High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel. Thp p hp kim thp
cng cao
bulng v mu neo cng ko 60 ksi.
ASTM A500 Cold-formed Hollow Structural Sections. Thanh rng to hnh ngui
ASTM A653 Sheet Steel, Galvanized and Galvanized by Hot-dip process. Thp tm,
m v m nhng su.
ASTM A490 - Heat-Treated Steel Structural Bolts, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength.
Bulng bng thp nhit luyn cng ko ti thiu 150 ksi
hn kt cu thp
Magnetic Gages- o b dy mng sn kh bng thit b t tnh
UL (Underwriters Laboratory, Inc.) - Fire Resistance Directory.Ch dn v chu la
5.2.2 Vt liu
5.2.2.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi vt liu. V d: chng loi, phm cht, cht lng b mt, h
s i km, chng ch th nghim.
- Nu yu cu i vi nh cung cp vt liu, i vi nh ch to sn phm thp; yu cu v
- Quy nh vic nghim thu vt liu; vic thay th nhng vt liu khng t yu cu.
5.2.2.2 Thp
- Nu tn thp, chng loi, tnh nng, tiu chun v.v... ca tng loi (thp tm, thp hnh,
thp cun, thp thanh, thp trn). Nu cc b phn kt cu s dng cc loi thp khc nhau
th cn lit k y . V d: lit k theo bng sau:
122
T/T
(1)
1
2
3
4
5
(1)
6
7
8
9
Vt liu dng cho

(2)
Dm thp cn, thp tm, thp gc, thp mng
Thanh ging x g
Dm tng, x g, to hnh ngui
Thp tm mng m km
Thp tm mng m nhm-km
(2)
Bulng neo
Bulng lin kt
thp to hnh ngui khc
ng trn
Theo Tiu chun

(3)
ASTM A36
TCVN CT38
ASTM A570
ASTM A653
ASTM A792
(3)
TCVN CT38
ASTM A325
ASTM A507
ASTM A53

- Nu cc yu cu b sung i vi tng loi vt liu, c th tp hp thnh bng. V d:
Hng mc vt liu
Tm mi
Tiu chun
ASTM A792
Yu cu b sung
1. cp bn 550 MPa
2. b dy ti thiu 0,7 mm
3. bn trn lp m Zicalum phi c
lp sn lt pxy dy 5 micron v
Tm tng
ASTM A653
lp sn ph polyeste 25 mcon
1. cp bn 550 Mpa
2. b dy t thiu 0,5 mm bn trn
lp m Zicalum phi c lp sn lt
pxy dy 5 micron v lp sn ph
polyeste 25 micron
- Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca kch thc, dung sai v b dy, b rng.

- Nu yu cu v kt qu th nghim ca nh my sn xut vt liu.
- Nu cch bc d, di chuyn, bo qun vt liu thp c lp ph; cc dng c thit b s
dng cho vic ny.
5.2.2.3 Vt liu cch ly
Nu cc loi vt liu cch nhit, cch m dng cho tng v mi. Tnh cht ca mi loi,
V d: khi lng ring, cng ko ngang v dc, ngn m, chu la, .v.v...
5.2.2.4 Bulng - ai c. Vt
123
- Nu vt liu lm bulng cng cao, bulng thng, cp bn, tiu chun p dng, vt
liu lm ai c, vng m, vt liu lm vt, vt t khoan.
- Quy nh cc chng ch v bn v cc tnh nng khc.
- Nu yu cu v m, s lp m ti thiu.
- Nu cc loi vng m phi cung cp (vng m thng, vng m vnh, vng m l
xo).
- Nu loi bulng o lc trc tip. V d: bulng hai u, loi vng m o lc.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc vt liu hn. V d: Cc vt liu nh que hn, dy hn, thuc hn
phi nu tn, chng loi v tiu chun p dng.
- Nu chng ch ca nh sn xut.
- Nu cch bao gi, bo qun vt liu hn. V d: theo quy nh ca nh sn xut.
5.2.3 Cng tc tng v mi thp
5.2.3.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc tng v mt mi bng thp, cc b phn thot nc,
ng mng, cch nhit.
- Nu yu cu i vi sn phm tm tng, tm mi, mng nc.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic giao nhn lu kho, bc d sn phm, i vi cc ph kin.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra v m bo cht lng. V d: kim tra chng ch sn
phm, xut s.
5.2.3.2 Giao nhn, lu kho, bc d
- Nu cch bo v cc tm tng, tm mi khi b han g, bin dng v cc h hi khc khi
giao nhn, lu kho, bc d.
- Nu cch k cc tm trn gi thng thong v thot nc, cch che y trnh ngng
ng m.
- Nu cch bo v v thng thong cho cc tm nhiu lp c cch nhit.
- Nu lu c bit tm ph bng thp khng g, nu c.
124
5.2.3.3 Cc ph kin
- Nu yu cu i vi cc ph kin c sn xut ti cc nh my chuyn ngnh.
- Lit k cc loi ph kin ca tng, ca mi v cc yu cu ring ca tng loi. V d:
+ Cc ph kin ca mi nh tm nc, tm dim, tm tng vt mi, tm gc, tm ly
sng, mng nc, mng xi, ng thot, v.v...;
+ Cc ph kin ca tng nh tm gc , thp gc , tm bt ct, v.v. tm ph bng
thp
khng g;
+ Cc vt lin kt nh bulng, vt, vt t khoan, mc, kp, v.v..
(Tt c u c m t t m v loi vt liu, kch c, hnh dng, .. m bo ph hp vi
h mi v h tng ca cng trnh).
5.2.3.4 Thi cng
a. Kim tra:
Nu yu cu i vi kt cu . V d: Xem xt h thng kt cu (khung, x g, dm
tng, ...) c yu cu thc hin vic lp cc tm.
b. Lp t
- Quy nh trnh t lp dt cc tm;
- Lp bn v chi tit v cu to cc mi lin kt, cc bin php bo v chng n
mn ti ch tip xc hai kim loi.
- Nu tiu chun p dng cho vic lp dt.
c. Hn cc tm ph bng thp khng g
- Quy nh v que hn v phng php hn.
- Nu yu cu cht lng mi hn.
- Nu yu cu sa cha nhng h hi trn mt thp do hn.
d. Lp cch nhit
- Nu cc loi vt liu cch nhit, cch ly c dng.
- Nu cch t cc lp cch nhit ti hin trng.
125
- Quy nh v lp bn v lp t mi hai lp sn xut ti nh my.

- Nu cch x l ch tip gip ca lp cch ly vi m ly sng hay thng gi.
e. Mng nc v ng thot ng
- Quy nh v bn v thi cng lp t cc b phn ny.
- Quy nh v mc mng v ng ng.
- Quy nh v vic xm mi ni gia cc on mng v ng.
f. Tm mi/ tm sng
- Quy nh v dc ti thiu ca tm mi/ tm sng.
- Quy nh v tip gip vi kt cu chung quanh, xm chng nc.,v.v...
5.2.4 Cng tc sn thp v sn lin hp thp btng
5.2.4.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc sn thp v sn lin hp thp btng , cc ph kin
ca sn.
- Nu yu cu i vi sn phm tm sn thp thng thng, tm sn dng cho sn lin hp
v cc ph kin.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic giao nhn lu kho, bc r sn phm, i vi cc ph kin.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra v m bo cht lng.
5.2.4.2 Giao nhn, lu kho, bc d
- Nu cch bo v cc tm sn khi b han g, bin dng v cc h hi khc khi giao nhn
lu kho, bc d.
- Nu cch k cc tm trn gi thng thong v thot nc. Cch che y trnh ngng
ng m.
- Nu cch bo v v thng thong cho cc tm nhiu lp c cch nhit, nu c.
5.2.4.3 Thi cng
a. Kim tra
Nu yu cu i vi h thng kt cu . V d: Xem xt h thng kt cu (khung, dm
sn...) c yu cu thc hin vic lp cc tm, nu dung sai lp t sn.
126
b. Lp t sn thng thng
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi vic lp dt sn thng thng.
- Quy nh trnh t lp dt cc tm sn.
- Lp bn v chi tit v cu to cc mi lin kt, cc bin php bo v chng n mn ti
ch tip xc hai kim loi.
- Nu bin php s dng cc chng tm khi lp tm sn, nu cn, gim vng.
- Quy nh v din tch ta cho mi tm; vic hn hoc bt vt tm vo dm; vic tip gip
gia cc tm.
- Quy nh v vic ct u tm sn.
c. Lp t sn lin hp
- Nu yu cu lp t sn lin hp. V d: m bo s lm vic nh vn khun btng.
- Nu yu cu t thm kt cu tm chng khi btng.
- Quy nh b sung i vi sn thp btng lin hp.
- Nu yu cu hn cc inh neo vo sn v vo dm.
- Nu yu cu hn cc chi tit nh di ngn btng, chi tit che ch trng ti dm
chnh, ti ct, ti bin ca sn v.v...
- Nu yu cu cho php ct l m trong sn lin hp, vic gia c ct thp chung quanh l
m.
d. Sa cha
- Nu yu cu sa cha nhng h hi.
- Nu yu cu sa cha cc sai lch khc.
- Quy nh cch sa cha ch sn v m b h hi.
5.2.5 Kim tra v bo m cht lng
5.2.5.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu mc ch ca vic kim tra v th nghim. V d : Vic kim tra v th nghim
nhm m bo cht lng ca hng mc sn, tng v mi cng thc hin heo nhng yu
cu nh i vi kt cu thp chu lc nu chng 1 Phn 5.
127
- Nu yu cu v gim st vic tip nhn v dng lp. V d: to mi phng tin gim

st vic tip nhn v dng lp cc sn phm tm sn v tm mi, tm tng.
- Lp quy trnh th nghim, kim tra cho cc giai on dng lp trc v sau khi
btng.
- Nu ni dung kim tra, th nghim. V d: Vic kim tra, th nghim bao trm mi cng
vic, nhm m bo vt liu v sn phm ph hp vi tiu chun, vi bn v, vi ch dn
k thut. C th l:
+ Kim tra dung sai kch thc;
+ Kim tra vt liu,
+ Kim tra hoc th nghim cht lng hn inh neo;
+ Cc vn khc.
5.2.5.2 Kim tra cht lng v bo m cht lng
- Nu cc ni dung kim tra cht lng v bo m cht lng. V d: bao gm, nhng
khng hn ch, cc mc sau:
+ Thit k chi tit v bn v dng lp mi, tng, sn;
+ Bao gi vn chuyn v lu kho;
+ Cc cng on dng lp;
+ Hn v lin kt bulng, lin kt vt;
+ Sai lch dng lp;
+ Th nghim khi hon thnh, v.v
- Nu cc loi vn bn ti liu cn c thc hin vic kim tra cht lng v bo m
cht lng. V d: bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc vn bn sau:
+ Cc ti liu vn bn khc theo quy nh ca cc tiu chun, quy phm p dng.
128
CHNG 5.3 CC KT CU THP V KIM LOI KHC

5.3.1 Nhng vn chung
Nu cc hng mc, cc iu khon nm di s chi phi ca chng Cc kt cu thp
khc, cc loi cng tc ca cc kt cu nh: cc loi cu kin ca cu thang thp ; cc
cu kin ca lan can, tay vn, ro chn; vic cung cp, ch to, giao nhn, t hp, dng lp,
lp t cc b phn ca cu thang, thang, lan can, v.v...
- Lit k cc chng ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny, c bit
chng v yu cu chung.
- Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng nh bn tnh nng k thut
ca cc sn phm mua ngoi,.v.v...
5.3.1.3 Cc nh ngha
129
Nu nh ngha ca cc thut ng s dng trong chng, do cc loi kt cu xt chng

ny c nhng c th v thit k, thi cng khc vi cc loi kt cu khc. V d: cu thang,
thang, lan can, mi bc thang , bn v ch to, nh thu ch to, k s, nh thu dng lp,
v.v...
thit k, thi cng, vt liu, th nghim. V d:
k theo ng sut cho php
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) - Code of Standard Practice for
Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges.- Quy phm thc hnh cho Nh kt cu thp v cu
ASTM A36 - Carbon Structural Steel. Thp cacbon kt cu
ASTM A242/A242M - High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel. Thp hp kim thp
cng cao
bulng v mu neo cng ko 60 ksi.
ASTM A500 Cold-formed Hollow Structural Sections. Thanh rng to hnh ngui
ASTM A653 Sheet Steel, Galvanized and Galvanized by Hot-dip process. Thp tm,
m v m nhng su.
ASTM A490793 Rolled Stainless Steel Floor Plate . Tm sn bng thp khng g.
hn kt cu thp
Magnetic Gages- o b dy mng sn kh bng thit b t tnh
UL (Underwriters Laboratory, Inc.) - Fire Resistance Directory.Ch dn v chu la.
- ASTM B 209M, hp kim 6061-T6, dng cho tm nhm
- ASTM B 221M, hp kim 6063-T6, dng cho khi c nhm
130
- ASTM B 22136/B 26M, hp kim 443-0F, dng cho cc thanh, gii, tm bng ng
- ASTM B 151/B 151M, hp kim UNS No C74500 , dng cho sn phm n niken
bc,v.v
5.3.2 Vt liu
5.3.2.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi vt liu: chng loi, cht lng b mt, h s i km, chng
ch th nghim.
- Nu yu cu i vi nh cung cp vt liu, i vi nh ch to sn phm kim loi, i vi
- Nu yu cu i vi vic nghim thu vt liu; vic thay th nhng vt liu khng t yu
cu
5.3.2.2 Thp
- Nu tn thp, chng loi, tnh nng, tiu chun v.v... ca tng loi: thp tm, thp hnh,
thp cun, thp thanh, thp trn. Nu cc b phn kt cu s dng cc loi thp khc nhau
th cn lit k y . V d: lit k theo bng nh sau :
T/T
(1)
1
2
3
4
(1)
5
6
7
8
Vt liu dng cho

(2)
Thp ng
Thp hp
Khi c gang xm
Thp tm mng m km
(2)
Thp tm mng m nhm-km
Bulng neo
Bulng lin kt
Thanh dt v thanh hnh bng thp khng g
Theo Tiu chun

(3)
ASTM A53
ASTM A500
ASTM A48
ASTM A653
(3)
ASTM A792
TCVN CT38
ASTM A325
ASTM A507

- Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca kch thc, dung sai v b dy, b rng.
- Nu yu cu v kt qu th nghim ca nh my sn xut vt liu.
- Nu cch bc d, di chuyn, bo qun vt liu thp c lp ph; cc dng c thit b s
dng cho vic ny.
131
5.3.2.3 Kim loi mu

Nu tn cc loi kim loi mu v tiu chun tng ng (nhm n, nhm c, ng n,
ng c, kn c, v,v,)
5.3.2.4 Vt liu sn, hon thin
- Nu cc loi vt liu sn, vt liu hon thin s dng cho cc sn phm ny. V d: sn
lt ph thng, sn lt pxy, sn dm ch m, sn bitum, va chn.
- Nu cc tiu chun tng ng v cc quy nh b sung. V d: sn bitum, theo ASTM D
1187, l nh tng tphan s dng dng ngui, v.v
5.3.2.5 Bu lng - ai c. Vt
- Nu vt liu lm bu lng cng cao, bu lng thng, bu lng khng g. Vt liu lm
ai c, vng m thng, ai c v vng m bng thp khng g. Vt liu lm vt. Vt t
khoan.
- Nu cc chng ch v bn v cc tnh nng khc.
- Nu yu cu v m, s lp m ti thiu.
- Nu cc loi vng m phi cung cp (vng m thng, vng m xin, vng m l
xo, vng m bng thp khng g...).
- Nu cc chng loi vt liu tiu hao khi hn (que hn, dy hn, thuc hn), tiu chun p
dng v chng ch ca nh sn xut.
- Nu cch bao gi, bo qun vt liu hn, c bit lu vt liu hn cho cc kl mu,
thp khng g. V d: theo quy nh ca nh sn xut.
5.3.3 Cu thang thp
5.3.3.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc ch to v dng lp cu thang thp v cc b phn i
km nh tay vn, lan can, chiu ngh.
- Nu yu cu v tnh nng i vi cc sn phm cu thang, tay vn, lan can chiu ngh.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic giao nhn sn phm, i vi cc ph kin.
132
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra v m bo cht lng, bo co th nghim lan can,

(nu c).
5.3.3.2 Yu cu v tnh nng i vi cu thang
- Nu cc ti trng m cu thang phi chu c. V d: ti trng phn b u trn mt
vung, ti trng tp trung.
- Nu ti trng tp trung v phn b theo cc phng i vi tay vn v lan can.
- Nu vng ln nht cho php i vi bc thang, chiu ngh, cn, khung (nu cha
c quy nh ti thit k k thut, phi nu r b rng ti thiu ca thn thang, b rng bc
thang, gc dc ti a ca v thang).
- Quy nh v kch thc nh nht ca ct tay vn, tay vn, thanh ng, khong cch cc
thanh ng.
- Nu b rng ti thiu ca thang thp, khong cch ti a gia cc thanh bc, kch thc
ca vng bo v, dc min v max ca thang.
5.3.3.3 Bn v ch to
- Quy nh cc bn v ch to phi np duyt. V d: bn v mt bng, mt ng, cc
mt ct, cc chi tit, cu to cc mi lin kt v cc lin kt vi kt cu khc.
- Nu cc bin php bo v chng n mn ti ch tip xc hai kim loi.
5.3.3.4 Ch to
- Nu cc b phn ca cu thang phi c ch to hon ton ti nh my. V d: cn, bc,
sn, tay vn, cng xn, mt ta, cc lin kt cu thang v sn vi kt cu .
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lp rp t hp cu thang ti nh my, i vi vic tho ri cc
b phn vn chuyn.
- Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca vic ct, khoan, t ; mi trn cc cnh sc.
- Nu bn knh ca trc un un cong cc thanh.
- Nu yu cu v hn cc b phn ca cu thang. V d: m bo ng cng vi thp
c bn, hn ngu hon ton, mt mi hn lin tc vi mt thp, v.v
- Nu yu cu hon thin (sn, m) cc b phn ca cu thang trong nh my ch to.
5.3.3.5 Giao nhn sn phm mu
133
Nu nhng sn phm mu cn giao np trc kim tra. V d: bc thang thp c mt

chng trt, bc thang btng c sn, bc thang li, mi bc thang, v.v...
5.3.3.6 Cc ph kin
- Nu cc yu cu i vi cc ph kin c sn xut t cc nh my chuyn ngnh.
- Lit k cc loi ph kin ca mi bc chng mn, khi c (nhm hoc cacbua silic), cc
loi lin kt c bit (bulng tin my, vng m l xo xon c, v.v).
- Nu yu cu i vi cc ph kin. V d: Tt c u c m t t m v loi vt liu,
kch c, hnh dng... m bo ph hp vi cu thang ca cng trnh.
5.3.3.7 Thi cng lp t
a. Kim tra
Nu ni dung kim tra. V du: Xem xt h thng kt cu (khung, x g, dm tng, ..),
mt ta ca cu thang c yu cu thc hin vic lp cu thang.
b. Lp t
- Nu tiu chun p dung cho vic lp dt cu thang.
- Quy nh trnh t lp dt cc b phn ca cu thang.
- Quy nh vic t thm cc vt chng tm khi thi cng cc b phn chn trong btng
hay gch xy.
- Quy nh vic lp t thang vi tm c chn va.
- Quy nh vic lp t tay vn v lan can ca cu thang.
c. Hn cc b phn bng thp khng g
- Quy nh v que hn.
- Quy nh v phng php hn.
- Nu yu cu cht lng mi hn.
- Nu yu cu sa cha nhng h hi trn mt thp do hn.
d. Phng php thi cng
Nu phng php thi cng cc cng xn, mt ta, mt bch, neo lin kt thang vo cc
kt cu , cc ch ngot ca cn, ca tay vn
134
e. Hon thin sau khi lp t

Nu cc cng vic hon thin sau khi lp t. V d: cn chnh, sn sa nhng ch hn,
sn sa nhng ch sn ti nh my, sa ch m, v.v
5.3.4 Lan can thp
5.3.4.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc ch to v dng lp lan can thp ng, thp hp v
thp khng g.
- Nu yu cu v tnh nng i vi cc sn phm ct lan can, thanh ngang.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic giao nhn sn phm, i vi cc ph kin.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra v m bo cht lng., i vi bo co th nghim
lan can (nu c).
5.3.4.2 Yu cu v tnh nng i vi lan can
- Nu cc tiu ch thit k i vi lan can. V d: ti trng phn b u trn mt ca tay
vn, ti trng tp trung trn tay vn; ti trng i vi ct ng; h s ng sut ti a c
php, chuyn ng nhit cho php vi bin thay i nhit ca mi trng.
- Nu yu cu v tnh nng chng g v cc dng n mn khc.
- Nu yu cu v vt liu bo v.
5.3.4.3 Bn v ch to
- Quy nh cc bn v ch to phI np duyt. V d: bn v mt bng, mt ng, cc
mt ct, cc chi tit v cu to cc mi lin kt vi kt cu khc.
- Nu cc bin php bo v chng n mn ti ch tip xc hai kim loi.
5.3.4.4 Ch to
- Nu cc b phn ca lan can c ch to hon ton ti nh my. V d: tay vn, thanh
ngang, ct ng chnh, li hoa vn.
- Nu yu cu lp rp t hp lan can ti nh my, vic tho ri cc b phn vn
chuyn.
- Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca vic ct, khoan, t ; mi trn cc cnh sc.
135
- Nu bn knh ca trc un un cong cc thanh.

- Quy nh yu cu v hn cc b phn ca lan can. V d: m bo ng cng vi
thp c bn, hn ngu hon ton, mt mi hn lin tc vi mt thp, v.v
- Nu yu cu v vic s dng cc lin kt khng hn nh vt, inh tn chm, lin kt keo.
- Nu yu i vi ch ngot, gc r ca lan can.
- Nu yu cu v vic hon thin (sn, m) cc b phn ca lan can trong nh my ch to.
5.3.4.5 Giao nhn sn phm mu
Nu nhng sn phm mu cn giao np trc kim tra. V d: cc on ca cc b phn
lan can nh tay v, thanh ngang trn, ct ng v cc li hoa vn; cc mu lin kt cc b
phn, v.v
a. Kim tra
Nu ni dung kim tra. V d: Xem xt v tr cc vt chn sn, bulng neo, phn kt cu
btng c yu cu thc hin vic lp lan can.
b. Lp t
- Nu yu cu chung v:
+ Trnh t lp dt cc b phn ca lan can;
+ Vic hn ct, khoan cn thit lp lan can;
+ chnh xc v cao v thng ca cc b phn;
+ Vic hiu chnh trc khi neo vo kt cu.
- Nu cch lp v neo ct ng. V d: cch chn ct ng trong btng; cch che ph mi
neo; cch neo ct ng vi mt thp, v.v
- Nu cch lp cc thanh ngang v li hoa vn. V d: ch dn vic dng lin kt hn v
lin kt khng hn; lin kt thanh ngang vi tng.
c. Lm sch v sn sa
Nu ni dung cng tc lm sch v sn ph. V d:
- Lm sch thp khng g;
136
- Lm sch cc vy hn v sn ph ch hn;
- Sn ph bo v cc lin kt khng hn;
- Sa cha ch m h hi;
- Bo v cho lan can trong sut qu trnh thi cng cng trnh.
5.3.5 Kim tra v bo m cht lng
5.3.5.1 Yu cu chung
- Nu mc ch vic kim tra v th nghim. V d: Vic kim tra v th nghim nhm
m bo cht lng ca hng mc cu thang, thang, lan can. Vic kim tra cng c thc
hin theo nhng yu cu nh i vi kt cu thp chu lc nu chng 1 Phn 5.
- Nu yu cu v gim st vic tip nhn v dng lp. V d: phi to mi phng tin
gim st vic tip nhn v dng lp cc sn phm cu thang, lan can.
- Nu ni dung kim tra, th nghim. V d: Vic kim tra, th nghim bao gm mi cng
vic nhm m bo vt liu v sn phm ph hp vi tiu chun, vi bn v, vi ch dn k
thut. C th l:
+ Kim tra dung sai kch thc;
+ Kim tra chng loi, cht lng vt liu;
+ Kim tra hoc th nghim v cht lng hn thp ng, thp khng g
5.3.5.2 Kim tra cht lng v bo m cht lng
- Nu cc ni dung kim tra cht lng v bo m cht lng. V d: bao gm, nhng
khng gii hn cc ni dung sau:
+ Thit k chi tit v bn v dng lp cu thang, thang, lan can;
+ Cc cng on dng lp;
+ Hn v lin kt bulng, lin kt vt, lin kt keo;
+ Sai lch dng lp, v.v
- Nu cc vn bn, ti liu ca vic kim tra cht lng v bo m cht lng. V d: bao
gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
137

+ Cc ti liu vn bn khc theo quy nh ca cc Tiu chun Quy phm c p dng.
PHN 6 CNG TC HON THIN
138
CHNG 6.1 YU CU CHUNG

6.1.1 Nhng vn chung
Nu phm vi ca chng, V d: Chng ny nu cc nh ngha, thut ng, cc tiu chun
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc hon
thin trong cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip v h tng k thut.
Lit k cc chng ca Ch dn k thut c lin quan n ni dung ca chng ny; Nu
cc ti liu lin quan nh: Quy nh, nh mc, ch tiu k thut cn t.
6.1.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng. V d:
lp nn c hiu l b mt lp sn, tng, ... c thi cng (xy th) trc khi thi
cng hon thin.
Nu cc quy chun, tiu chun lin quan n cng tc hon thin
6.1.2 Chun b iu kin thi cng hon thin
6.1.2.1 Tip nhn hin trng trc khi hon thin
Nu cc cng vic cn hon thnh trc khi hon thin. V d: Cc ng dy in i chm
di lp hon thin, ng ng nc, lp chng thm, lp cch nhit ... nm di lp
hon thin phi c thi cng xong v c nghim thu bng vn bn.
6.1.2.2 Chun b thi cng hon thin
Ty loi cng tc hon thin c th m:
- Nu cc yu cu chun b mt bng v khng gian thi cng. V d:
+ Chun b ng vo khu vc s c hon thin;
+ Chun b ng vn chuyn vt liu ti khu vc hon thin;
139
+ Mt bng phc v thi cng hon thin cn c xc nh c iu kin thoi mi

nht cho cng nhn thi cng. Khu vc thi cng hon thin cn c xc nh c th cho
mi v tr v theo tng cng tc hon thin nhm bo m an ton cho cng nhn v nhng
i tng khc trn cng trng;
+ Vic khoanh vng nguy him v vic dng ro chn hoc phng tin ngn cch khu
vc nguy him nm trn mt bng hoc bn di ni s thi cng hon thin.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi dng c, ngh, phng tin, trang thit b an ton c nhn
phc v cng tc thi cng hon thin (vn thng, cc loi dn gio (c nh, t nng,
treo...), knh bo v, dy eo lng an ton....). V d:
+ Trang, thit b phc v thi cng hon thin phi trong tnh trng s dng tt;
+ ng dn in cp cho thit b hot ng phi c l dn an ton v yu cu c
bn v cp in cho my thi cng hon thin;
+ Bin php che chn trnh x hn v cc yu t gy ra mt an ton cho ngi thi cng
hon thin v nhng ngi trn cng trng nh tia x pht sinh t thit b...
- Nu cc yu cu v bin php bo m an ton chng chy khi cng tc hon thin c
kh nng gy chy. V d: Cn lu trong vic s dng cc loi nha dn, sn, cc loi vt
liu d chy. Phi c bin cnh bo khu vc nguy him v chy n, v tr bnh cha
chy, loi bnh ...
- Nu yu cu thot him khi c s c. V d: Li thot him phi c lp trong bin
php thi cng hon thin v th hin trn hin trng trc khi thi cng hon thin. Ti
hin trng cn treo cc bin bo ch dn thot him khi c s c.
6.1.2.3 Chun b lp nn (lp nn) cho cng tc hon thin
- Nu yu cu i vi lp nn. V d:
+ Lp nn phi sch s, ty loi cng tc hon thin m c cc yu cu khc nhau nh
to dc, bm dnh, chng trt, g, rnh lm . . .;
+ Lp nn cho tng cng tc hon thin cn c quy nh c th v phng, chiu dy,
nhm mt, s gia cng trc khi thi cng hon thin, m ti a c php, nhm bo
m cht lng lp hon thin.
- Nu yu cu v chiu dy cc lp lt nn. V d: Cn c yu cu c th v chiu dy lp
lt nn, quy trnh thi cng lp lt nn, bin php thc hin lp lt nn.
140
- Nu yu cu v bm dnh. V d: Ty loi cng tc hon thin, cn c yu cu v

bm dnh ca lp hon thin vi lp lt v ca lp lt vi kt cu.
- Nu bin php kim tra bm dnh trc khi thi cng v lu gi kt qu th nghim
kim tra lm h s nghim thu cng tc hon thin.
6.1.3 Vt t, vt liu s dng cho hon thin
- Nu yu cu i vi vt t, vt liu hon thin c php s dng. V d: Phi quy nh
cht ch v vt t c s dng trong cng tc hon hin. Nhng loi vt t s dng cho
hon thin c catalogues phi c ch u t ph duyt ra sao v cch lu gi nhng
catalogues ny. Nhng loi vt t khng c catalogues nh ct, dm, vi... th nu
phng php gi mu, cch nim phong mu v ni lu gi mu.
- Nu cch ct cha v bo qun vt t, nguyn liu nhm trnh tc ng ha hc khi ct
cha gn nhau trong kho, bi lm nh hng n cht lng ca vt t, nguyn vt liu
hoc gy tc ng chy, n.
- Nu yu cu i vi vt t, vt liu hon thin khng c php s dng.
- Nu bin php x l vt liu khng p ng yu cu s dng vo cng trnh.
- Nu yu cu i vi mu vt t dng i chiu trong qu trnh thi cng. V d: Cch
xt duyt mu, cch lu gi mu, cch bo qun v ct gi mu, quy trnh, xc sut kim
tra vt
t theo mu, cch xc nhn vt t c s dng.
6.1.4 Vn chuyn, bc xp v bo qun vt t hon thin
- Nu yu cu v vn chuyn v bc xp vt t hon thin. V d: Yu cu v phng tin
vn chuyn, cch xp vt t trn phng tin vn chuyn, bin php chng lc, chng
rung, chng va p.
- Nu yu cu v ct cha tng loi vt t, cu kin hon thin. V d:
+ Yu cu v kho ct cha, v phng thc vo, ra ca vt t cho tng loi theo v tr
ct cha trong kho;
+ Nu cch bo qun (mi trng vi cc c trng v m, thng thong, khong
cch chng chy lan ta, nh hng ha hc, nhim t ...);
141
+ Thi hn lu gi ti a v ti thiu (ghi nhn thi hn lu gi v bo qun, quy trnh

kim tra cht lng vt t, cch x l khi qu hn, bin cht, khng c php s dng.
6.1.5 H s cn c trc khi thi cng hon thin
Nu danh mc ti liu cn c trc khi tin hnh thi cng mt cng tc hon thin. V d,
bao gm nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
- Bn v v cc yu cu k thut cho cng tc hon thin, bn thuyt minh cho cng tc
hon thin, bn ch dn thi cng. Ti liu ny do t vn thit k lp hoc cc yu cu ca
ch u t.
- Cc iu khon ca hp ng gia ch u t v nh thu lin quan n cng tc hon
thin.
- Bn k hoch thc hin cng tc hon thin hay k hoch iu chnh v cng tc hon
thin. Bn k hoch ny c ch u t thng qua c xc nhn.
- Thit k bin php thi cng ca nh thu trnh v vn bn ph duyt ca ch u t.
Nu bin php thi cng thu n v thm nh, phi c y vn bn thm nh v c vn
bn ca ch u t chp thun bin php thi cng.
- Ca-ta-l ca vt t, bn thnh phm v cu kin.
- Cc kt qu th nghim xc nh thnh phn, mu sc ca vt liu. Ty loi vt t, cn
yu cu cc bin bn kim nghim cht lng.
- Nhng th nghim kim tra bin php an ton khi thi cng hon thin vi y xc nhn
ca n v kim tra, nu cn, phi thm s c mt ca c quan qun l nh nc v an ton
ny.
- Kt qu kim tra s chu lc ca kt cu nn ca cng tc hon thin vi cc loi cng tc
hon thin c yu cu.
- Bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc trc khi tin hnh cng tc hon thin hon thin nh
phn t dy in ngm di lp hon thin, ng nc, ng angten, cp v tuyn in
v cc
loi ng dn khc.
- Cc tiu chun lin quan c ch u t yu cu phi s dng lm cn c kim tra v
nghim thu cho tng cng tc hon thin.
142
6.1.6 Quy trnh phi tun th khi thi cng hon thin
6.1.6.1 Cng tc chun b cho thi cng hon thin
- Nu thi hn hon thnh cng tc chun b, thi hn chm tr ti a cho php cng tc
hon thin trc khi thi cng, sau khi k nghim thu phn chun b.
- Quy nh v th tc nghim thu cc cng tc chun b trc khi thi cng hon thin.
- Nu cc yu cu khi cn din tp v lm th. V d: Cc yu cu v din tp v lm th
kim nghim cht lng cng tc hon thin, nu cn.
- Nu yu cu bo co v nghim thu mt bng v cc iu kin nu trn.
6.1.6.2 Tin hnh thi cng hon thin
- Nu yu cu tun th quy trnh, thao tc v tc nghip c ph duyt trong thit k
bin php thi cng.
- Ph bin v ch dn cho nhng ngi thc hin cng tc hon thin v quy trnh, thao tc
tc nghip khi hon thin, nhn mnh s phi hp trong qu trnh thc hin hon thin.
- Nu cc ch theo di trong qu trnh thi cng.
+ Chu k kim nghim, cng c kim nghim, kt qu v dung sai. Phng php nn
chnh khi gp sai lch;
+ Cc yu cu v ghi nht k thi cng trong cng tc hon thin;
+ Vai tr t vn gim st;
+ Phiu yu cu kim tra, cch phi hp ca t vn v k s thi cng, ngi kt lun
chung v cht lng thi cng cng tc hon thin;
+ Vai tr gim st tc gi. V d: Gim st tc gi v yu cu ca mu sc v cht lng
m thut, k thut ca cc cng tc hon thin, v s tun th kin ca gim st tc gi
thng qua k s t vn gim st, quy nh v trng hp cha nht tr v cht lng cng
tc hon thin gia k s t vn gim st v gim st tc gi, quy nh v kin chuyn
gia nc ngoi (nu cng trnh c chuyn gia nc ngoi);
+ Vai tr t gim st. V d: Phng k thut ca nh thu trong vai tr t gim st.
Lnh sn
xut ca k s thi cng ca nh thu, s chp hnh kin ca k s t vn gim st.
143
6.1.6.3 Bo dng cho cc lp hon thin trc khi bn giao

- Nu yu cu tun th cc bin php bo dng. V d: S tun th cc tiu chun v bo
dng cng tc hon thin tng ng cho tng cng tc hon thin. S tun th cc yu
cu k thut trong b h s mi thu. S tun th ca tc gi thit k trong cng tc bo
dng.
- Nu yu cu quan st mi thay i trong qu trnh bo dng. V d: Yu cu v quan
st, trch nhim v ch bo co ca nh thu trong qu trnh bo dng.
- Nu ngi quyt nh cui cng i vi vic bo dng.
6.1.6.4 Lp h s hon cng nghim thu cng tc hon thin
- Nu cc yu cu v thnh phn v s lng h s hon cng.
- Nu yu cu i vi bn v hon cng. V d: Bn hon cng l bn v thit k thi cng,
trong c ch r nhng thay i (nu c) so vi thit k thi cng c ph duyt v
c xc nhn bi nh thu thi cng v t vn gim st. Trong trng hp xt thy cn
thit th t vn gim st c quyn yu cu nh thu thi cng thit k bn v ring b
sung vo tp bn v hon cng nhm th hin r (cu to, khi lng,...) ca b phn cng
trnh thi cng.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra, xc nhn h s hon cng, trong thnh phn, chc
danh,.. k xc nhn bn v hon cng phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh.
144
CHNG 6.2 CNG TC LT
6.2.1 Nhng vn chung

p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lt
trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
Lit k cc chng v cc ti liu lin quan, v d: Ch dn k thut nu ti chng ny cn
p dng cng cc ch dn nu ti cc chng ca phn 4. Cng tc b tng, b tng ct
thp, gch .
6.2.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng,
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng cho cng tc lt. V d:
- TCXDVN 303: 2004 "Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Thi cng v nghim thu
Phn I : cng tc lt v lng trong xy dng".
- TCVN 7570:2006 "Ct liu cho b tng v va- Yu cu k thut".
- TCVN 4732:1989 " p lt trong xy dng - Yu cu k thut".
- TCVN 5642 : 1992 " khi thin nhin sn xut p lt".
- TCXD 85-1981 "Gch lt l da".
- TCXD 90:1982 "Gch lt t st nung".
- TCVN 6065:1995 "Gch xi mng lt nn".
- TCVN 6074:1995 "Gch lt granito".
- TCVN 6414:1998 "Gch gm p, lt- Yu cu k thut
- TCVN 4340 : 1994 "Vn sn bng g".
- Cc ca-ta-l v cc loi gch lt mi trn th trng m ch u t yu cu s dng.
145
6.2.2 Cc yu cu v vt liu lt
a. Gch lt - Nu cc yu cu v cht lng, chng loi, kch thc v mu sc ca gch
lt hoc ca cc lp mch lt khc. V d: Gch lt phi c lm v sinh sch, khng
bm bi bn, du m, cc cht lm gim tnh kt dnh gia lp nn vi gch lt. Vi gch
lt c kh nng ht nc t vt liu kt dnh, phi nhng gch vo nc v vt ra ro
nc trc khi lt.
b. Va lt v cc vt liu gn kt khc
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu gn kt theo thit k hoc theo yu cu ca nh sn xut
c. G
Nu cc yu cu v cht lng vn (g) lt sn: chng loi, kch thc v mu sc ca vn
lt sn;
Nu cc yu cu v chng loi, kch thc v mu sc ca cc ph kin v vt liu ph
phc v cho cng tc lm sn g;
c. Vt liu lt l cc tm nha tng hp
Nu cc yu cu v cht lng, chng loi, kch thc v mu sc i vi vt liu s dng
l cc tm nha tng hp v cc ph kin, cht kt dnh i km
e. Thm
Nu cc yu cu v cht lng, chng loi, kch thc v mu sc i vi vt liu s dng
l cc tm thm len, si, si tng hp
6.2.3 Chun b thi cng
a. Chun b vt liu, dng c, phng tin
Ngoi cc yu cu nu ti 6.1, nu cc yu cu v kim tra iu kin lt nh: s chun b
v vt t, v nhn lc, iu kin v thi tit bt u c tin hnh cng tc lt. c
bit ti tng v tr quan trng.
b. Nghim thu lp nn
- Nu cc yu cu v lp nn lt. V d: phng, chc chn, n nh, bm
dnh, sch tp cht ca mt lp nn. Cao ca lp nn, dc v hng thot nc.
- Nu cc yu cu b sung i vi lp nn nu dng keo, nha lm cht gn kt.
146
- Nu mc hon thin ca cc b phn s b nn che ph.

6.2.4 Thi cng
a. Thi cng lt sn cng
Nu quy trnh thi cng lt sn bng vt liu cng, nh:
- Cc yu cu v vic nh du cao trnh nhm kim tra cao ca tng im ca mt lt
trong qu trnh thi cng k c vic gn mc lt chun.
- Cc lu v vic trn vt liu gn kt t cc yu cu ca v tr trn, v thnh phn,
do, cc yu cu nghim khc v lng nc, v thi gian k t lc xi mng trong h, va
c trn vi nc.
- Cc yu cu v dng c thi cng v quy trnh, phng thc kim tra ngay khi thi cng,
trnh t lt.
Nu cc yu cu v cht lng thi cng lp lt, nh:
- Mc p ng v cao, phng, dc, dnh kt vi lp nn, chiu dy lp vt liu
gn kt, b rng mch lt, mu sc, hoa vn, hnh dng trang tr . . .
- Cc yu cu b sung cho loi mt lt l thin nhin (mu sc, v ng vn hi ha).
- Cc yu cu nu dng va lm cht gn kt, din tch ti thiu phi tri va, thao tc b
cm (di, day vin gch) bo m cho mt di vin gch lt tip xc u vi lp va. Thao
tc v quy trnh lt c khuyn khch (cng dy chiu bt buc, ch c ng cho vin
gch lt xung thng ng). Vi cc vin lt phi ct, cc yu cu khi ct, s bt buc thao
tc mi v m th khi a cc vin gch vo v tr.
- Lm y mch lt: Thi im c php lm dy mch lt. Quy trnh lm y mch lt.
- Cc yu cu cho din tch st tng khng vin lt
- Bo dng mt lt: Cc yu cu v gi gn mt lt trong cc iu kin mi trng khc
nhau.
b. i vi mt lt g :
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng tm sn, v m ca thanh g, v vt nt, v quy nh
v cong vnh.
- Nu cc yu cu ca thit k i vi lp nn cho lp lt g.
147
- Nu cc yu cu khi sn g gn trc tip ln gi hoc con k.

- Nu cc yu cu v m ca b mt lp nn, sch, vic chng mi mt t bn di
xng ln.
- Nu cc yu cu ca vt liu gn kt.
- Nu cc yu cu v dng c thi cng. V d: Chng loi, mc cn s dng c, dng
c kim tra v tnh ph hp vi tng thao tc k thut.
- Nu cc yu cu v mng, v kn kht, phng, gn kt gia cc tm v vi
nn.
- Nu yu cu khi lp nn cn gia cng hon thin b mt l loi g lt.
- Nu iu kin v cc yu cu bo dng ngay sau khi lt xong v thi gian bo dng.
c. i vi lp lt mm
- Nu loi mt lt mm dng trong cng trnh. V d: l tm nha tng hp, thm nha
dng cun, tm thm hoc thm dng cun.
- Nu cc yu cu v lp nn. V d: cng, n nh, phng, sch v cc yu cu
khc m pha thit k t ra.
- Nu cc yu cu khi s dng keo dn, bng dnh dn cc tm nha. V d: mi
phng v sch bi trc khi pht lp keo dn.
- Nu cc yu cu v tm lt. V d: v chng loi, kch thc, mu sc.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht gn kt. V d: v chng loi, cht lng, phng thc bo qun.
- Nu cc yu cu khi thi cng. V d: cch pht keo dn, trnh t dn, khp hoa vn, mp
dn, thao tc pht dnh, s l ti kh di lp nha, s l mp gia cc tm k nhau.
6.2.5 Kim tra cht lng, nghim thu
- Nu cc yu cu v nghim thu v dung sai theo yu cu.
- Nu bin php kim tra xc nh dung sai.
- Nu bin php gii quyt khi cha t dung sai.
- Nu cc tiu ch cn t khi nghim thu.
6.2.6 An ton lao ng khi lt
148
- Nu cc yu cu v an ton lao dng v phng chng chy n khi thc hin cng tc lt.
V d: Vi vt liu lt l cht d chy nh g, thm, keo dn nu cc yu cu v chng
chy nh quy nh v s dng tia la, ht thuc, ct cha cht chy, phng thc s dng
cht chy...
- Nu yu cu i vi mi trng thi cng. V d: Mi trng thi cng cu phi thng
thong, c kh nng phng chng nhim c do s bc hi ca vt liu lt, vt liu gn kt
gy ra.
149
CHNG 6.3 CNG TC LNG

6.3.1 Nhng vn chung
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lng
thp, gch .
Nu cc chng v cc ti liu lin quan.
6.3.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng,
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng cho cng tc lng. V d:
- TCXDVN 303: 2004 "Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Thi cng v nghim thu
Phn I : Cng tc lt v lng trong xy dng".
- TCXDVN 349: 2005 "Ct nghin cho b tng v va.
6.3.2 Yu cu v thi im lng
- Nu cc yu cu v thi im c tin hnh cng tc lng.
- Nu cc iu hn ch khi bt u lng.
6.3.3 Cc yu cu v vt liu
Nu cc yu cu v vt liu. V d: cht lng, mu sc, ln ca ht ct liu, v cht
lng ca cht dnh kt.
6.3.4 Cc yu cu v lp nn cho lng
150
- Nu cc yu cu v lp nn cho lng. V d: bng phng, n nh, bm dnh vi

vt liu lng, sch tp cht v m cn thit. B mt lp nn cho lng phi bng
phng, trnh li, lm qu 20 mm.
- Nu cc yu cu v chia , chia khe co dn trnh co ngt. Nu cc quy nh v vt liu
nhi khe co dn.
- Nu yu cu nghim thu lp nn trc khi thi cng lng.
6.3.5 Cc yu cu v cht lng thi cng lp lng
- Nu cc yu cu v mu sc v hnh dng b ngoi.
- Nu yu cu i vi dung sai v cao v dc.
- Nu cc yu cu v phng thc mi bng khi lp lng cn mi bng.
- Nu cc yu cu khc v to lp trn cng ca mt lng nh ln chng trn, ph si nh
v.v...
6.3.6 Cc yu cu v an ton lao ng khi lng
- Nu cc yu cu v an ton khi s dng cng c c gii.
- Nu yu cu v vic o to v cp chng ch cho cng nhn khi lng.
- Nu s cn thit v cc yu cu v bin bo v dy cnh bo khu vc vng cht thi khi
mi cm i ti khu vc m cng tc mi c th gy nguy him khi ang thao tc mi.
Cc yu cu v an ton in trong khu vc lng.
6.3.7 Cc yu cu v bo dng
Nu cc yu cu v quy trnh bo dng. V d: trnh t bo dng, cch che ph, thi
gian bo dng, cch bo dng...
6.3.8 Cc yu cu v nghim thu
- Nu quy trnh kim tra, phng php kim tra,dng c kim tra, sai s c php.
- Nu cc yu cu v cch th hin bn v hon cng, lp h s hon cng v cc yu cu
v bin bn nghim thu.
6.3.9 Nghim thu v dung sai
151

CHNG 6.4 CNG TC TRT
6.4.1 Nhng vn chung

p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc trt
thp, gch .
6.4.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng.
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng khi tin hnh cng tc trt. V d:
- TCXDVN 303: 2004 "Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Thi cng v nghim thu.
Phn I : Cng tc lt v lng trong xy dng".
- TCXDVN 349: 2005 "Ct nghin cho b tng v va.
- TCXDVN 303-2006 "Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Thi cng v nghim thu.
Phn II v phn III.
6.4.2 Yu cu v thi im trt
- Nu cc yu cu v thi im c trt ln tng, ln kt cu bng b tng.
- Nu thi gian ch i theo yu cu chng nt do co ngt vt liu n lp trt.
152
- Nu cc iu kin v thi tit c trt trong, trt ngoi.

6.4.3 Cc yu cu k thut phi tun theo trc v trong khi trt
- Nu cc yu cu k thut trc v trong khi trt. V d:
+ Yu cu v nghim thu cc cng tc xy dng v lp t cc ng dy, ng dn
trong lp nn ca lp trt;
+ Cc yu cu v c ra bi, sch ru mc, du m v to m cho mt trt;
+ Cc yu cu v phng ca lp nn ca lp trt bo m dy ca lp va. Nu
quy nh v vic nh mc lm c cho lp trt.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc loi va trt v tnh nng cn thit ca va trt, c bit khi lp
va trt c yu cu chu la, cch m, cch nhit. Yu cu v moun ln ca ht ct v
cc loi vt liu khc dng trong va.
- Nu quy trnh trt khi lp trt phi dy trn 20 mm. Phn chia c th din tch trt tng
t nhm bo m cht lng, chng nt, chng cm do kh khc nhau ca lp va,
nht l khi c khe co dn.
- Nu cc yu cu c th chng n mn v cc phn ng ha l lm hng ng dy dn
khi c cc ng dn i ngm trong lp nn.
- Nu cc yu cu v bm dnh gia cc lp trt. Khi din tch trt ln, cn yu cu
cc ch tiu phi t qua trt th nghim khng nh bin php to bm dnh. V d: bin
php k trm to dnh, bm lm hoc phun ct...
- Nu yu cu i vi cc v tr tip gip gia hai kt cu bng vt liu khc nhau. V d:
trc khi trt c yu cu phi c gn mt lp li thp khng v gn theo quy cch no,
ph kn chiu dy mch ghp bao nhiu v on trm v hai bn t nht l bao nhiu.
- Nu cc yu cu v cch phun m mt trt, v tr cn to mu nh v, phng php tin
hnh cc thao tc trt.
- Nu cc quy nh v dy mi lp trt v quy trnh trt.
- Nu cc yu cu v trt ti cc ni c yu cu chng m cao nh khu v sinh, phng tm.
Cc yu cu khi trt trong iu kin kh hanh.
153
- Nu cc yu cu v quy trnh trt, cch s dng vt liu khi trt cn mc trang tr cao nh
trt l si, trt ra, trt bm, trt granito.
- Nu yu cu bo v c bit i vi nhng lp trt c yu cu bo v c bit. V d: trt
chng phng x, cn yu cu r v vt liu , liu lng, thnh phn, quy trnh thi cng v
bo dng. Cn thit c th nu yu cu v th nghim.
6.4.4 Dung sai cho php v nghim thu cc loi mt trt
- Nu cc h s nghim thu c lp trt. V d: ch dn ca bn thit k, cc chng ch
v vt liu, bin bn hon thnh tng cng tc hon thin, bin bn nghim thu nn trt,
nht k thi cng trt.
154
CHNG 6.5 CNG TC P

6.5.1 Nhng vn chung
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc p
thp, gch .
6.5.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng khi tin hnh cng tc p. V d:
TCVN 4732:1989 " p lt trong xy dng - Yu cu k thut".
TCVN 5642 : 1992 " khi thin nhin sn xut p lt".
TCVN 6414 : 1998 "Gch gm p lt- Yu cu k thut
6.5.2 Yu cu v thi im trt
- Nu thi im c tin hnh cng tc p.
- Nu iu kin thi tit tin hnh c cng tc p ti cc khu vc cn trang tr m
quan.
- Nu thi gian m va gn mc gi gch p chu lc neo gi vin p
6.5.3 Cc yu cu v vt liu dng trong cng tc p
Nu cc yu cu v vt liu dng trong cng tc p:
- Yu cu v gch p.
- Yu cu v cc loi vt liu khc.
155
- Yu cu v cht gn kt. V d: loi xi mng, keo, gi , bu lng, inh vt ... v cng

, v bm dnh, v do, cu mc...
6.5.4 Yu cu v lp nn p
Nu yu cu v lp nn p. V d:
- Nghim thu xong cc ng ng, ng dy i trong lp nn.
- Cc yu cu k thut v lp nn v phng, nghing, bng, cng, n
nh ...
- Cc yu cu bo v cho cc loi ng ng nm trong lp nn v bo v lp p nh
bc ng bng li thp, cht bo n, ...
6.5.5 Yu cu v lp p
- Nu cc yu cu v hoa vn, mu sc.
- Nu cc yu cu khi p bng cc phin nng trn 5 kg/phin v cu gi, chng bung,
xp, ri, tt.
- Nu cc yu cu chng xm thc ca nc v cc cht khc trong mi trng lm bin
mu trong thi gian.
- Nu cc yu cu khi p bng va xi mng ct:
+ Nu cc quy nh v thi gian vi xi mng trn vi nc thnh va;.
+ Nu cc yu cu v bin php to m cho gch p khi dng gch kh;
+ Nu cc yu cu v trnh t p nhm bo m cht lng cao nht (khi cn thit).
- Nu cc yu cu khi p bng keo:
+ Nu cc yu cu v vt liu keo, v cc tnh nng ha, l ca keo;
+ Nu cch bo qun trong qu trnh thi cng v sau thi cng;
+ Nu cc yu cu v gch khi dn bng keo.
- Nu cc yu cu khi p bng phng php mc, treo , gi :
+ Nu cc yu cu v chu lc, n nh v bn ca mc, thanh treo v gi . Khi
p mt ngoi, cn bo m cc yu cu v cc tc ng xm thc ca mi trng bng cc
bin php bo v c nu thnh yu cu;
156
+ Vi nhng tm p nng, phi dng phng tin nng ct c gii, cn nu cc yu cu

ca bin php thi cng, nh thu phi lp bin php thi cng, p ng vi cc yu cu c
nu.
- Nu nhng lu khi mt p c khe co dn v cnh trn ca tm p chng xm thc v
chng lt nc.
- Nu cc yu cu v hng p chn tng nhm chng nc.
6.5.6 Nghim thu v dung sai khi p vi cc vt liu p khc nhau
- Nu cc h s v chng ch lm c s cho nghim thu. V d: chng ch v xut s ca
vt liu p, kt qu th nghim vt liu, h s p th nghim, bn v hon cng cng tc p,
h s v kch thc, hnh dng, v tr p.
- Nu cch lp bn v hon cng ca cng tc p, nh km theo, bin bn hon thnh
cc cng on p, nht k thi cng cng tc p.
157
CHNG 6.6 CNG TC VI, SN, VC NI
6.6.1 Nhng vn chung

p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc vi,
sn, vc ni trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.6.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng khi tin hnh cng tc sn, vecni. V d:
- TCXDVN 321:2004 "Sn xy dng - Phn loi".
-TCVN 5674:1992 "Cng tc sn ph b mt bao gm qut dung dch vi, vi xi mng v
sn du cc loi".
- TCVN 6557:2000 Vt liu chng thm. Sn bitum cao su.
- TCVN 5670:1992 Sn v vecni. Tm chun th.
- TCVN 2099:2007 Sn v vecni. Php th un (trc hnh tr).
- TCVN 2093:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh cht rn v cht to mng.
- TCVN 2092:2008 Sn v vecni. Xc nh thi gian chy bng phu chy.
- TCVN 5669:2007 Sn v vecni. Kim tra v chun b mu th.
- TCVN 2101:2008 Sn v vecni. Xc nh bng phn quang ca mng sn khng
cha kim loi gc 20 , 60 v 85 .
- TCVN 2094:1993 Sn. Phng php gia cng mng.
158
- TCVN 2097:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh bm dnh ca mng.

- TCVN 2100:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh bn va p ca mng.
- TCVN 2101:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh bng ca mng.
- TCVN 2102:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh mu sc.
- TCVN 5730:2008 Sn Alkyd. Yu cu k thut chung.
- TCVN 5730:1993 Sn ankyt. Yu cu k thut.
- TCVN 2100-1:2007 Sn v vecni. Php th bin dng nhanh ( bn va p). Phn 1:
Php th ti trng ri, vt lm c din tch ln.
- TCVN 2098:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh cng ca mng.
- TCVN 2090:2007 Sn, vecni v nguyn liu cho sn v vecni. Ly mu.
- TCVN 5669:1992 Sn v vecni. Kim tra v chun b mu th.
- TCVN 2102:2008 Sn v vecni. Xc nh mu sc theo phng php so snh trc
quan.
- TCVN 6934:2001 Sn tng. Sn nh tng. Yu cu k thut v phng php th.
- TCVN 5670:2007 Sn v vecni. Tm chun th.
- TCVN 2090:1993 Sn. Phng php ly mu, bao gi, ghi nhn, vn chuyn v bo
qun.
- TCVN 2098:2007 Sn v vecni. Php th dao ng tt dn ca con lc.
- TCVN 5668:1992 Sn, vecni v nguyn liu ca chng. Nhit v m iu ha
v th nghim.
- TCVN 2095:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh ph.
- TCVN 2100-2:2007 Sn v vecni. Php th bin dng nhanh ( bn va p). Phn 2:
Php th ti trng ri, vt lm c din tch nh.
- TCVN 2099:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh bn un ca mng.
- TCVN 2096:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh thi gian kh v kh.
- TCVN 2091:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh mn bng thc.
159
- TCVN 2092:1993 Sn. Phng php xc nh thi gian chy ( nht quy c) bng
phu chy.
- TCVN 2091:2008 Sn, vecni v mc in. Xc nh nghin mn.
6.6.2 Yu cu v thi im, mu sc v cht lng cng tc vi, sn, vc ni
- Nu iu kin thi tit (ch m ) c th tin hnh cng tc vi, sn, vc ni.
- Nu cc yu cu ca bn thit k v mu sc v cht lng lp vi, sn, vc ni.
6.6.3 Cc yu cu v vt liu cho cng tc sn, vi, vc ni
- Nu cc yu cu v xut s ca sn, nhn, mc, catalogues, ch dn s dng ca sn. Nu
cc quy nh v sn khng r nhn mc.
- Nu yu cu v dung mi lm tan u cho sn v cht lng v liu lng.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng vi sng v t trng, bo ha nc.
- Nu yu cu v li sng lc vi, cch cha v bo qun vi lc.
- Nu yu cu v ha cht to mu cho vi (cc dng xt kim loi), cc yu cu v tinh
khit, nng , hm lng, tnh ph hp v tnh xung khc. Nu cc qu trnh ha mu v
quy nh thi gian lu gi. Lng vi c pha ch v lng s dng.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng vc ni, cht lng cnh kin, nng cn, lng axit ti
a c php lm tan cnh kin.
- Nu yu cu v ha cht to mu cho vc ni, cch thc pha trn. Nu cht lng cn 90
v cch kim tra.
6.6.4 Yu cu v lp nn cho sn, vi v vc ni
- Nu yu cu i vi mt nn s c qut vi v phng, m, mc hon thin.
- Nu yu cu i vi lp nn qut sn hoc phun sn.
- Nu yu cu i vi mt nn s sn l g, thp, va, hay nha hoc cc cht hu c khc.
- Nu yu cu ca mt g hay kim loi s ph vc ni.
6.6.5 Cc yu cu nhm bo m cht lng mt sn, vi v vc ni
- Nu cch lm mu xc nh cht lng lp sn, vi trn din tch tha ng v thi
hn lu gi mu quyt nh tin hnh cng tc i tr.
160
- Nu phng php bo m iu kin khng bin mu qua phng php lu gi vt liu

ang s dng. Nu cc quy nh v sng, lc sn v vi.
- Nu cc yu cu v v tr tip gip gia cc din tch mt sn v vi.
- Nu cc quy nh v dy sn, vi v vc ni c th ha ra s ln sn, vi hay vc ni..
- Nu cc tiu ch kim tra. V d: ng u mu sc, khu vc ranh gii gia cc
din tch sn, vi khng c ng t khc mu, mc loang l c php, vt chi
- Nu cc quy nh v dung sai.
- Nu cc h s phi c khi nghim thu cng tc sn, vi v vc ni.
161
CHNG 6.7 CNG TC GIA CNG, LP T CA

6.7.1 Nhng vn chung
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc gia
cng, lp t ca trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.7.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng. V d:
- TCXD 192:1996 "Ca g - Ca s, ca i - Yu cu k thut".
- TCXD 237-1999 "Ca kim loi - Ca s, ca i - Yu cu k thut ".
- TCVN 7451:2004 "Quy nh k thut cho cc loi ca dng sn phm uPVC c li thp
gia cng".
- TCVN 7452:2004 "Phng php th cc loi ca dng sn phm uPVC c li thp gia
cng".
- TCVN 7452-1:2004 "Xc nh lt kh".
- TCVN 7452-2: 2004 "Xc nh kn nc".
- TCVN 7452-3:2004 "Xc nh bn p lc gi".
-TCVN 7452-4:2004 "Xc nh bn gc hn thanh profile uPVC".
- TCVN 7452-5:2004 "Xc nh lc ng".
- TCVN 7452-6:2004 "Th nghim ng v m lp li".
6.7.1.5 Yu cu v thi im, mu sc v cht lng cng tc vi, sn, vc ni
162
- Nu cc yu cu v thi im c php lp ca s v ca i.
- Nu cc yu cu v an ton phi t ca ca v kt cu gn ca tin hnh lp ca.
6.7.2 Cc yu cu v ca cha lp vo cng trnh
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng g, loi g, nhm g, vn g.
- Nu iu kin c s dng g dn, vn p.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng gia cng v lp ph ngoi ca ca.
- Nu cc yu cu v bo co bin php ngm tm, x l g trc v sau gia cng.
- Nu cc yu cu v ph kin, ph tng ca t cht liu n mc chun xc gia cng.
- Nu cc yu cu v kim loi ch to ca, chnh xc gia cng, bn chc khu lin
kt thanh, cht lng lin kt mng v keo ha cng lin kt mng. Cc yu cu ca
lp ph ngoi.
- Nu cc yu cu v kch thc, chun xc, vung gc ti cc gc, n nh,
vnh v tin cy s dng.
- Nu cc yu cu v cc giong knh, bo m kn kht chng nc xm nhp.
- Nu cc yu cu v lin kt cc loi nh bn l, rnh trt, trc xoay ...
- Nu cc yu cu v s lp kht vi dnh cho tng loi ca.
- Nu cc cht kt dnh, keo, nha c php s dng
- Nu yu cu v ca-ta-l cho nhng sn phm thng mi ha cao.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng t hp h ca nh : bn v th nghim bn, cc yu
cu cch m, cch nhit, khng cho nc qua, chng cn trng xm nhp, chng
mc, mt, kn kht v d quay, d m ca cnh vi khun.
- Nu cc yu cu v cu to, gia cng, lin kt, lp t:
- Nu cc yu cu v mng v s khp rp ca ca g v kim loi.
- Nu cc yu cu v lin kt cc thanh ca khung cnh, khun ca bng cc loi mng
c php.
163
- Nu cc yu cu v lin kt gia khun, khung vi kt cu tng, ct, dm. Ch v

bn chc, n nh, s chnh xc v kch thc v cc quy nh v vt liu dng lm lin
kt.
- Nu lu n vic s dng lu di. V d: khng cho nhm v hp kim nhm tip xc
trc tip vi xi mng m phi sn cch in cho kim loi nhm v hp kim nhm trc khi
bt cht nhng kt cu kim loi ny vi kt cu dng vt liu c xi mng.
- Nu cc yu cu v np che gia hai cnh, gia cnh v khun ca.
- Nu cc yu cu v giong, np bng cao su v cht lng v kn kht.
- Nu cc yu cu v thot nc cho ngng ca, ngng gt nc thanh di ca
khung cnh ca v khun ca. Kim tra cc chi tit ca, khng cho nc vo nh khi ma
tt ngang.
- Nu yu cu v cc th nghim v phng ca t hp khung v cnh.
- Nu cc yu cu v cht lng cho b khun v cnh t hp v cc yu cu khi lp
vo v tr.
- Nu cc yu cu v song ca.
- Nu cc yu cu v ph tng ca. V d: yu cu v vt liu, chnh xc gia cng,
dy lp m ph hay bng v cc yu cu v lp ph tng ca.
- Nu cc yu cu v knh. V d: cc yu cu v chng loi knh, cht lng knh, cc quy
nh v t hp knh vo ca hoc khun cnh, khun c nh.
- Nu cc yu cu v cp gi tc ng ln h ca v h s th nghim t cc tiu ch bn
chng p lc gi.
- Nu cc iu kin lu gi v bo v ca ngay ti ni thi cng trnh bin dng v cc tc
ng ngoi lai lm h hng ca.
- Nu cch thc di chuyn cc b ca trn cng trng nhm bo v chng h hng.
- Nu cc ch nh v php th phng mt ca cnh ca, b ca v t hp khung v
cnh.
- Nu cc ch nh v th va p ca ca i.
164
- Nu cc yu cu v ca s vi nh cao tng. V d: V cch m, v bn chng gi k

c th nghim xc nh v kim tra bn chng gi nh cc yu cu trong TCXD 1921996.
- Nu cc yu cu v khng thm nc v phng php th nghim. C th tham kho
BS 5368: Part 2: 1980 EN 86.
- Nu cc yu cu vi loi ca i kim ca s v cht lng hnh hc, v kn kht,
chng lt kh.
- Nu yu cu v th nghim chng lt kh nh trong ISO 6613: 1980 (E).
- Nu cc tiu ch kim tra cui cng.
- Nu yu cu v h s cho cng tc nghim thu.
- Nu cc bo co kt qu th nghim.
- Nu yu cu bo co nghim thu tng phn trc khi nghim thu chung phn ca.
- Nu yu cu bo co khc phc nhng tn ti yu cu phi hon chnh.
- Nu yu cu v bn v hon cng v cng tc lp t ca.
165
CHNG 6.8 CNG TC LP T TRN GI
6.8.1 Nhng vn chung

p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp
t trn gi trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.8.1.3 Cc nh ngha
- TCVN 5760:1993 "H thng cha chy - Tiu chun chung v thit k, lp t v s
dng.
- Nu cc ca-ta-l v cc loi trn c ch u t v thit k chn phi tun theo.
6.8.2 Cc yu cu v vt liu s dng lm trn gi
- Nu cc yu cu v vt t lm trn gi.
- Nu cc yu cu v th nghim vt t s dng lm trn gi.
- Nu cch lu mu vt t c ch u t ph duyt s dng.
- Nu cc th tc khi phi thay i vt t lm trn gi.
6.8.3 Cc yu cu v gia cng ch to tm trn, to khung trn v gn kt trn vo
khung
- Nu cc yu cu v khung treo trn.
- Nu cc yu cu v s an ton cng nh tin li khi phi t ti trng nh ln trn.
166
- Nu quy trnh lp t cc ph kin ln trn gi nh ng in, ng bo chy , n

treo , cc ph kin khc ...
- Nu cch bo m tnh nguyn vn cc hoa vn ca trn.
- Nu quy trnh nghim thu trc khi hon chnh trn.
6.8.4 Dung sai v nghim thu
- Nu mi quan h gia cc bn thit k, t vn gim st, ch u t, nh cung cp thit b
v nh thu thi cng.
- Nu cc dung sai cho tng chi tit v tng th trn.
- Nu cch lp h s hon cng v trn.
- Nu cch x l khi cha t n s tha mn ca ch u t v trn gi.
- Nu quy nh v bo hnh trn gi v cc iu kin thc hin bo hnh.
167
CHNG 6.9 CNG TC LP MI
6.9.1 Nhng vn chung

mi trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.9.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng, nh:
Mi cng trnh - y hiu l mi c dc, khng phi l mi bng hay mi sn thng.
Lp mi l cng tc thi cng mi c dc bng cc tm lp
- TCVN 4434:1992 "Tm sng aming Xi mng - Yu cu k thut".
- TCVN 4435:2000 "Tm sng aming xi mng - Phng php th".
- TCVN 1452:1995 "Ngi t st nung - Yu cu k thut".
- TCVN 4313:1995 "Ngi - Phng php th".
- TCVN 1453 - 1986 "Ngi xi mng ct".
6.9.2 Cc yu cu v vt liu lm mi
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu lm mi gm vt liu chnh v cc vt liu ph.
- Nu cc yu cu vt liu vin ri, vin nh v hnh dng, g, mc, l buc, chng
chy.
- Nu cc yu cu vi mi bng cc dng tm, v g cong hoc cnh mp.
- Nu cc yu cu cho vin nc, xi.
168
- Nu cc yu cu v lp ph, lp sn, m. Nu tm c lin vi vt liu chng nng, cn

nu tiu ch chng nng v nu cn, nu s cn thit th nghim chng xuyn nhit.
- Nu cc yu cu cho mng nc v ph tng mng.
6.9.3 Cc yu cu v lp di mi
- Nu cc yu cu phng mt mi, cc yu cu mt kt cu m, V d: h x g, n
tay, cu phong, li t, la ti. Nu thit k c th hin lp g di ngi, cn nu cc yu cu v
loi g, cch to lin kt v phng thc gia cng, ghp lp g ny.
- Nu cc yu cu v phng v dc mt trn ca lp g ny.
- Nu cc yu cu v phng thc gn kt mt g ny vi vt liu lp bn trn.
6.9.4 Yu cu cht lng lp mi
- Nu cc yu cu v chng thm, n nh chng gi lm bay hoc tc lp lp.
- Nu cc yu cu v khng thm, khng r nc qua rnh, g.
- Nu cc yu cu v khng gian to thong kh di lp lp.
6.9.5 Kim tra v nghim thu lp mi
- Nu cc h s v chng ch v vt liu dng cho cc lp mi.
- Nu cc ca-ta-l v cc loi vt liu c ca-ta-l.
- Nu nhng loi vt liu no cn th nghim cn c bo co kt qu th nghim v h s
x l nu nhng ch tiu cha t yu cu.
- Nu yu cu v bin bn nghim thu tng cng tc cu thnh lp mi.
- Nu yu cu v nht k thi cng cng tc mi.
- Nu cc yu cu v bn v hon cng
169
CHNG 6.10 CNG TC CHNG THM

6.10.1 Nhng vn chung
mi trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.10.1.3 Cc nh ngha
- TCVN 5718 - 1993 "Mi v sn phm b tng ct thp trong cng trnh xy dng. Yu
cu k thut chng thm nc".
- TCXD 230-1998 "Nn nh chng nm - Tiu chun thit k v thi cng".
- TCXD 232 - 1999 "H thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh v cp lnh - Ch to, lp t
v nghim thu".
-TCXD 237 - 1999 "Chng nm cho nh ".
6.10.2 Cc yu cu v vt liu chng thm
- Nu cc loi vt liu chng thm tha mn cc iu kin kh hu nhit i gi ma nc
ta ph thuc gii php chng thm c chn.
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu nhi cc khe co dn v khe ln phi p ng thit k.
- Nu yu cu nh thu cn nghin cu k gii php thit k chng thm thi cng ng
theo thit k.
170
- Nu iu kin cho php nh thu c quyn yu cu bn thit k ch dn k cch thc hin

cc mi ni ca lp chng thm hay khng. Khi cn , trong cc ch dn k thut, nu s
cn thit phi tin hnh th nghim mu trc khi thi cng i tr.
- Nu yu cu cc loi vt liu chng thm phi c ca-ta-l. Nu cc quy nh nu s dng
vt liu khng c ca-ta-l.
6.10.3 Mt n dn hoc tri lp chng thm
- Nu cc yu cu v sch , phng, s sn sng thi cng lp chng thm.
- Nu cc yu cu v vn bn nghim thu cng tc chun b thi cng lp chng thm.
- Nu cc yu cu khi phi thi cng cc lp n lp chng thm nh sn bitum ngui, cht
lng ca lp bitum ngui ny. Cc yu cu mt n khi lp chng thm l cc lp vt liu
hu c nh cao su, latex ...
6.10.4 Cc yu cu cht lng lp chng thm
- Nu mc bm dnh ca lp chng thm vi lp nn . Nu yu cu v phng mt
lp chng thm. S p ng yu cu k thut ti cc v tr khe co dn, khe cu to khc.
Cht lng lp chng thm quanh cc vt xuyn qua sn, mi.
- Nu cc yu cu v s khng thm nc ca ton mt chng thm, s khng ng vng
gi nc ( gii hn din tch ng nh v thi gian thot hoc bc hi ht nc).
- Nu cc yu cu nghim thu trc khi ph lp bo v chng thm.
6.10.5 Kim tra v nghim thu lp chng thm
- Nu cc yu cu v thi im kim tra, v tr kim tra v phng thc kim tra.
- Nu cch kim tra ti cc v tr c nhng gii php chng thm ring nh mng chn n
hi, bng cch nc.
- Nu cch kim tra ti cc v tr giao nhau gia kt cu nh gia tng v sn, gia sn v
cc kt cu xuyn qua sn.
- Nu yu cu kim tra nu lp chng thm l va hoc b tng. V d: nu lp chng thm
l va hoc b tng th mi h s v va v b tng u phi kim tra y nh thnh
phn, ph gia, phng php trn, phng php , m v lm phng mt.
- Nu cc phng php bo dng v qu trnh bo dng.
171
- Nu cc yu cu v h s lm cn c nghim thu. V d: S cn thit ca h s v vt

liu, v kim nghim vt liu, v cc phng php thi cng, v quy trnh thao tc c
duyt.
- Nu cc vn v bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc trc khi tin hnh lp chng thm.
- Nu yu cu v cch lp h s bn v hon cng.
- Nu cch son tho bin bn nghim thu lp chng thm, nhng ch sai hng cn khc
phc v bin bn khc phc xong nhng ch cn khuyt tt.
172
CHNG 6.11 CNG TC CHNG NNG

p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc chng
nng trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.11.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng s dng trong chng, v d: lt, nn,...
- TCXDVN 293:2003 "Chng nng cho nh - Ch dn thit k".
- TCVN 5687-1992 "Thng gi, iu tit khng kh, si m - Tiu chun thit k".
- TCVN 4605-1988 "K thut nhit - Kt cu ngn che - Tiu chun thit k".
- QCVN 02 : 2009/BXD "S liu iu kin t nghin dng trong xy dng".
- TCXD 232 - 1999 "H thng thng gi. iu ha khng kh v cp lnh - Ch to, lp t
v nghim thu".
6.11.2 Cc yu cu v vt liu chng nng
- Nu yu cu l lch sn phm, vt liu ghi trong ca-ta-l i vi loi vt liu c ch to
cng nghip.
- Nu yu cu khi s dng vt liu t ch. V d: phi nu cc yu cu v cc bin bn th
nghim v nu cc tiu ch cht lng t.
6.11.3 Cc yu cu lp nn thi cng gn lp chng nng
173
- Nu cc yu cu v mt phng gn kt lp chng nng nh cht lng lp nn, cht

lng bm dnh, phng mt.
- Nu cc yu cu khi phi lm cc lp chun b n lp chng nng nh mc ngn
nc lm gim cht lng chng nng, mc bm dnh, phng, chng n mn .
6.11.4 Cc yu cu cht lng lp chng nng
- Nu cc yu cu v s ng v tr theo thit k.
- Nu yu cu v s dng ng vt liu vo ng v tr.
- Nu mc ngn cch nng theo cc yu cu (s cn thit phi kim nghim).
- Nu yu cu v cht lng cc lp ph bo v lp chng nng.
- Nu cc yu cu v thi im kim tra.
- Nu cc yu cu v h s v vt liu, v cc bc thi cng trc.
- Nu cch v bn v hon cng.
- Nu cc yu cu v ghi chp v lu gi nht k thi cn.
- Nu s cn thit ca cc bo co kt qu th nghim cc bc trc thc hin.
174
CHNG 6.12 CNG TC LP KNH CHO MT NG NGOI NH

t knh cho mt ng ngoi nh trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
thp, gch .
6.12.1.3 Cc nh ngha
- Nu cc tiu chun v an ton lao ng khi lp nhng mng knh ln ngoi nh.
- Nu cc tiu chun ca knh c do nh sn xut loi knh cng b p dng v cc cata-l gii thiu sn phm knh ngoi nh v cc ti liu v quy cch lp dng knh mng
ln ngoi nh.
6.12.2 Yu cu v vt t v ph kin ca knh ngoi nh
- Nu cc yu cu v vn chuyn loi knh dng cho mt ngoi nh.
- Nu cch k m khi lu gi ti kho v ti cng trng.
- Da vo ca-ta-l v tiu chun c s ca nh cung cp knh m lit k ph tng, ph kin
cho ton b cng tc lu gi, bo qun, s dng khi thi cng v neo, cht, gi an ton cho
loi knh ny.
6.12.3 Quy trnh lp dng knh mt ngoi nh
- Nu bin php thm nhun quy trnh cho mi cng nhn lp ng loi cng tc ny.
- Nu bin php bo m an ton trong qu trnh chun b thi cng, trong thi gian thi cng
v sau khi thi cng xong.
175
- Nu cch kim tra s chun b thi cng v kt qu chun b thi cng.

- Nu yu cu v iu hnh thi cng lp dng cng tc ny.
- Nu bin php kim tra qu trnh thi cng v vt liu, ph kin v an ton ca kt qu
lao ng.
- Nu quy ch theo di cht lng thi cng thng xuyn.
6.12.4 Dung sai v nghim thu
- Nu dung sai cho php.
- Nu cch x l khi sai s ln hn dung sai.
- Nu phng php v quy trnh nghim thu.
- Nu phng php th nghim kim tra kt qu nghim thu.
- Nu cch lp h s hon cng, nguyn tc tin hnh v bn v hon cng, thuyt minh
cho bn v hon cng v ti liu km theo h s hon cng
176
CHNG 6.13 CC YU CU V GIO V AN TON LAO NG KHI

HON THIN

p dng, yu cu i vi sn phm, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu gin gio v
an ton lao ng khi hon thin trong cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip v h tng k
thut.
Lit k cc chng ca Ch dn k thut c lin quan n ni dung ca chng ny;
Nu cc ti liu lin quan nh: Quy nh, nh mc, ch tiu k thut cn t.
6.13.1.3 Cc nh ngha
- Quy chun Xy dng, chng 17.
- TCVN 5308-1991 Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng.
- TCVN 6052-1995 Dn gio thp.
- TCXDVN 296: 2004 Dn gio- Cc yu cu v an ton.
6.13.2 Cc yu cu v cht lng dn gio nhm chu lc v n nh khi s dng
- Nu yu cu cho s la chn ng loi dn gio cho vic s dng ng yu cu, ng v
tr, ng chng loi.
- Nu nhng yu cu v cht lng dn gio cn c php s dng.
- Nu ti trng c php cht ln dn gio ph hp vi iu kin thi cng thc t v quy
nh v mc c th ca dn gio cn c s dng.
6.13.3 Cc iu kin s dng dn gio
177
- Nu cc yu cu v thi tit khi s dng dn gio.

- Nu cc iu kin v mi trng.
- Nu yu cu v s tun th cc quy nh v trnh t dng v tho.
- Nu cc quy nh kim tra trc khi cho ngi ln dn gio.
- Nu cc quy nh v ro chn v lan can bo v.
- Nu cc quy nh v khng gian thao tc trn dn gio (trn v di).
- Nu cc quy nh v dng v tho dn gio trong nhng iu kin c bit nh tnh trng
khn cp, tnh trng c kh nng b cn tr v dy in, mi trng c ha cht xm thc
mnh.
- Nu cc yu cu v nn dn gio.
- Nu cc quy nh v sn cng tc.
- Nu cc quy nh v lan can bo v ngi thao tc v di chuyn trn dn gio.
- Nu cc quy nh v ch gii an ton trn v di dn gio.
6.13.4 Kim tra v nghim thu dn gio trc khi thi cng
- Nu yu cu v s c php s dng dn gio. V d: s cn thit, c s an ton, phm
vi s dng...
- Nu bin php thi cng hon thin trong c tnh ton v thit k chi tit dn gio.
- Nu bin php thi cng ny phi c ch u t ph duyt bng vn bn.
- Nu yu cu kim tra ln cui ca ch u t v iu kin ra lnh c s dng.
- Nu quy trnh theo di v iu chnh bin php an ton.
6.13.5 Cc yu cu v mi trng thi cng hon thin
- Quy nh v khng gian cho tng cng tc hon thin trn tng cng trnh, tng hng
mc cng trnh.
- Nu cc iu kin mc nhim ti a c php.
- Nu iu kin v s thng thong.
- Nu iu kin tc gi ti thiu.
178
- Nu iu kin khng c cht s kt hp vi kh thi, kh bc hi, bi lm hi sc khe

cng nhn v ngi chung quanh.
- Nu iu kin ti lp tnh trng n nh ca mi trng.
6.13.6 Cc bin php thng gi, lm tan nhanh mi trng nhim kh c hi, bi hi
khi thi cng hon thin
Quy nh v tc ti to khng gian vi mc thi kh hi cn thit.
6.13.7 Quy nh v ro chn khng gian b kh bc hi nh hng
- Nu cc bin php ro chn, ngn qua li ca khng gian nhim bn khi thi cng hon
thin.
- Nu cc quy nh khc lin quan n an ton v mi trng.
179
Phn 7 thit b c in cng trnh
CHNG 7.1 H THNG CP, THOT NC
180
7.1.1 Nhng vn chung

7.1.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng, v d: Cc ch dn k thut trong chng ny lin quan n vic
cung cp, thi cng, nghim thu i vi h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh,
bao gm h thng cung cp nc sinh hot, h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, h thng
x l nc thi cc b cho cng trnh.
- Lit k cc phn, chng, mc ca bn ch dn k thut c lin quan n chng ny. V
d: Phn 1 Cc yu cu chung, Phn 6 Cng tc hon thin, v.v...
- Nu cc ti liu khc c lin quan n ni dung ca chng
7.1.1.3 Cc thut ng v nh ngha
Nu cc thut ng v nh ngha s dng trong chng (ngoi cc nh ngha nu
chng yu cu chung). V d c th nu (nhng khng hn ch) cc nh ngha nh sau:
Cc lp t ni, cc lp t ngm...
a. Cc tiu chun v quy phm trong nc
- Quy chun H thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh;
- TCXDVN 33:2006 Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k;
- TCVN 4513:1988 Cp nc bn trong - Tiu chun thit k;
- TCVN 5673:1992 H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - Cp thot nc h thng bn
trong - H s bn v thi cng;
- TCVN4519:1988 H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh - Quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu;
- TCVN5576:1991 H thng cp thot nc - Quy phm qun l k thut;
- TCVN 4474:1986 Thot nc bn trong - Tiu chun thit k
181
- TCVN 4615:1988 H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - K hiu quy c trang thit b v
sinh
- TCVN 4036:1985 H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - K hiu ng ng trn h thng
k thut
v sinh
- TCVN 6722:1995 Nc thi sinh hot - Gii hn nhim cho php
- TCVN5999:1995 Cht lng nc - Ly mu - Hng dn ly mu nc thi
- TCVN5945:1995 Nc thi cng nghip - Tiu chun thi
- TCVN5576:1991 H thng cp thot nc - Quy phm qun l k thut
- TCXDVN 372:2006 ng b tng ct thp thot nc
Khi cn c th trch dn cc tiu chun nc ngoi c lin quan l cc tiu chun ca
nc ngoi c php p dng ti Vit Nam hoc c cp thm quyn ph duyt ring
cho cng trnh.
7.1.2 Yu cu k thut i vi vt t, thit b
7.1.2.1 Ngun cung cp vt t, thit b
- Nu yu cu chung i vi ngun cung cp vt t, thit b cho cng trnh v chng loi,
phm cht, h s i km, bin bn th nghim.
- Quy nh v vic dn nhn v nh du cc vt t, thit b s dng cho h thng cp thot
nc.
- Nu yu cu i vi nh cung cp vt t, thit b; vic xt duyt ca ch u t.
- Quy nh v vic nghim thu vt t, thit b; thay th nhng vt t, thit b khng t yu
cu.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc vt t, thit b c bit. V d: cc thit b trong khu vc nu
nng, chun b thc n phi ph hp vi cc quy nh v an ton v sinh thc phm v
sc khe v.v....
- Quy nh v cc vt t, thit b khng c php s dng. V d: i vi ng ng nc
n khng c php s dng ng nha ti sinh.
182
7.1.2.2 ng v ph kin bng nha tng hp PP-R

- Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng v ph kin bng nha tng hp PP-R v/hoc tiu
chun ca nh sn xut ng vi cc thng s c bn.(V d: Mt (g/cm3), im nng
chy (C), bn ko cc i (N/mm2), dn di (%), m un n hi E (N/m2), nhit
dung ring (kJ/kgC), h s dn nhit (W/mC), h s dn n nhit (mm/mC), p lc
ng ng chu c (kN, MPa...)...
- Nu cc loi ng s dng cho cng trnh. V d kch thc, c ng, chiu dy cho cc
loi
ng ng cp nc lnh, cp nc nng.
- Nu yu cu v nhit lm vic ca ng ng
- Nu yu cu hoc tiu chun ca cc loi ph kin bng nha tng hp PP-R. V d: cc
mt bch, ct ni, bt u ng v.v
7.1.2.3 ng v ph kin bng nha PE, PB, PVC, CPVC.
- Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng bng nha PE, PB, PVC, CPVC v/hoc tiu chun
ca nh sn xut ng vi cc thng s c bn. V d: ng knh ng hoc c ng(DN),
chiu dy ng (mm), im nng chy (0C), p lc ng ng chu c (kN, MPa...)..
- Nu yu cu hoc tiu chun ca cc loi ph kin bng nha PE, PB, PVC, CPVC. V
d: cc mt bch, ct ni, ng ni, bt u ng v.v
7.1.2.4 ng v ph kin bng gang
- Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng v ph kin bng gang v/hoc tiu chun ca nh
sn xut ng vi cc thng s c bn. V d: ng knh ng hoc c ng (DN), chiu dy
ng (mm), chng loi gang (gang xm, gang cu, gang do), p lc ng ng chu
c (kN, MPa...)...
- Nu yu cu hoc tiu chun ca cc loi ph kin bng gang. V d: cc mt bch, ct
ni, ng ni, bt u ng v.v
7.1.2.5 ng v ph kin bng ng
- Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng v ph kin bng ng v/hoc tiu chun ca nh
sn xut ng vi cc thng s c bn. V d: ng knh ng hoc c ng (DN), chiu
183
dy ng (mm), chng loi ng (ng thau, ng ...), p lc ng ng chu c (kN,

MPa...)...
- Nu yu cu hoc tiu chun ca cc loi ph kin bng ng. V d: cc mt bch, ct
ni, ng ni, bt u ng, cc ph kin bng ng c theo ASME B16.18, ng rn theo
ASME B16.22, mt bch hp kim ng-thic theo ASME B16.24 v.v
7.1.2.6 ng v ph kin m km
- Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng v ph kin m km v/hoc tiu chun ca nh sn
xut ng vi cc thng s c bn. V d: ng knh ng hoc c ng (DN), chiu
dy ng (mm), p lc ng ng chu c (kN, MPa...)...
- Nu yu cu hoc tiu chun ca cc loi ph kin m km. V d: cc mt bch, ct ni,
ng ni, bt u ng v.v
- Nu yu cu i vi cc loi vt t, thit b m km ti thiu. V d: phi c yu cu v
chiu dy lp m (mm), yu cu cng ngh m (m in, m nhng nng ).
7.1.2.7 Van cc loi
- Nu cc loi van s dng cho cng trnh. V d: van bm, van cu, van cnh, van mt
chiu, van gim p, van lc, van gim chn
- Nu yu cu k tht i vi tng loi van. V d: Vt liu lm van (gang, ng, gang m
ng ), c van (DN), p sut lm vic (Kg/cm2), di nhit lm vic (0C), thng s
lp rp c bn (kch thc bao, c ren u vo, u ra...).
7.1.2.8 ng h nc
Nu cc yu cu k tht i vi ng h nc. V d: Vt liu chnh lm v, rut; p sut
lm vic; di o, chnh xc (%), thng s lp rp c bn (kch thc bao, c ng u
vo, u ra...).
7.1.2.9 Thit b o p sut (p k)
Nu cc yu k thut i vi p k: V d: Di p sut lm vic (bar); di nhit lm vic
(C); chnh xc (%); thng s lp rp c bn (kch thc bao, c ng u vo, u ra)
7.1.2.10 My bm cung cp nc
184
Nu cc yu k thut v my bm cung cp nc c s dng cho cng trnh vi cc

thng s chnh. V d: Lu lng (l/s; l/ph; m3/h), ct p (bar; mm H2O), kiu bm, nhit
lm vic, vt liu lm v, trc, cnh qut, yu cu v ng c ca bm, h truyn ng
v h thng iu khin bm.
7.1.2.11 Bnh tch p.
Nu cc yu k thut ca bnh tch p s dng cho cng trnh bao gm nhng khng gii
hn cc thng s. V d: Vt liu lm bnh, th tch cha nc hiu dng (m3; lt), th tch
bnh (m3; lt), p sut khi ng bm (bar), p sut tt bm (bar).
7.1.2.12 Thit b cp nc nng
- Nu cc yu k thut ca thit b cp nc nng cc b vi cc yu cu ti thiu nh:
Dung tch bnh un nc nng (lt), cng sut in tiu th (kW), cng ngh un nc
(trc tip, gin tip), iu khin (t ng, bng tay)
- i vi h thng un nc nng trung tm cn nu cc yu cu ti thiu v cc thit b.
V d: Dung tch (lt), cng sut tiu th (kW), cu to bnh, vt liu lm bnh, p sut lm
vic (bar), yu cu v cch nhit, v bnh, in tr; nu yu cu v cng ngh un nc
nng (bng in, gas, du v.v...).
- i vi ng ng dn nc nng, cn nu r. V d: Vt liu, c ng, p sut lm vic,
di nhit lm vic.
- Nu yu cu i vi h thng thng gi, ng khi.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b i km theo bnh. V d: van, nhit k, p k, thit b an
ton, thit b iu khin.
7.1.2.13 Bo n ng ng cp nc nng
Nu cc yu cu k thut v vt liu bo n ng ng cp nc nng vi cc yu cu ti
thiu. V d: Vt liu lm bo n, tiu chun kch thc (dng tm, dng ng kn c v bc
v.v...), kh nng cch nhit, quy nh chiu dy lp bo n tng ng cc loi ng nc
nng.
7.1.2.14 B tng, va s dng cho h thng cp thot nc
185
Nu cc yu k thut i vi vt liu b tng, va dng cho h thng cp thot nc

m, chn ng ng, chn thit b v chng thm, nu cc tiu chun v vt liu chn
tng ng.
7.1.2.15 Vt liu ni ng v mi ni
- Nu cc yu cu i vi vt liu ni tng ng vi cc loi ng v ph kin. V d bao
gm nhng khng hn ch cc loi vt liu ni (cht hn bc, cc cht ph gia hn, xi
mng, giong cao su, bulng, ai c, silicon, keo dn cc loi v.v).
- i vi mi loi vt liu ni cn ch r cc yu cu hoc cc thng s k thut lm cn
c cung cp cho cng trnh. V d: Que hn, cht hn bc, xi mng, giong, bu lng, ai
c...
- Nu yu cu i vi cc mi ni v tiu chun ca cc chi tit ni. V d: ni hn, ni
ren, ni mt bch (bulng) hoc dn bng keo, silicon...
7.1.2.16 Cc thit b trm x l nc thi.
- Nu cc yu k thut i vi cc thit b ng b ca trm x l nc thi c s dng
cho cng trnh. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc thit b sau:
+ H thu nc v song chn rc;
+ Thit b vt rc;
+ Bm nc thi: Lu lng (l/s; l/ph; m3/h); ct p (bar; mm H2O); kiu bm; nhit
lm vic; vt liu lm v, trc, cnh qut; yu cu v ng c ca bm v h thng
iu khin bm;
+ Bm bn;
+ Cc thit b trong b iu ha v tch du m: My khuy, thit b gt du m, ng
thu du
m..;
+ Cc thit b b trung ha;
+ ng dn bn v cn;
+ ng dn bn tun hon;
+ Thit b trong b lng ng;
186
+ Thit b trong b aeroten: ng thu kh, my sc kh, vi phun;

+ Thit b nh chun b ha cht;
+ Thit b nh kh trng;
+ Thit b mng trn;
+ Cc thit b b hiu kh;
+ Thit b p bn, nghin bn;
+ Thit b nng chuyn;
+ H thng ng ng, mng, rnh thot nc ra mi trng sau khi x l.
- Nu cc yu k thut i vi h thng ng ng, mng, rnh thot nc ra mi trng
sau khi x l nc thi v cc tiu chun lp t ng ng v ph tng cho h thng thot
nc thi
7.1.3 Bn v
7.1.3.1 i cng
- Nu yu cu chung i vi bn v thit k bin php thi cng h thng cp thot nc.
- Quy nh v sa cha bn v khi c s khng ph hp.
7.1.3.2 Ti liu nh thu cn trnh duyt
Lit k cc loi ti liu m nh thu cung cp, lp t phi np cho nh thu chnh duyt
trc khi thi cng. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ti liu sau:
- Bn tnh ton thit k cho h thng cung cp thot nc m thit k k thut cha thc
hin.
- Catalogue ca nh sn xut vt t, thit b cung cp cho cng trnh.
- Cc bn v gia cng ch to.
7.1.3.3 Yu cu i vi bn v
- Nu cc yu cu i vi bn v bin php thi cng phn cp thot nc. V d: bao gm,
nhng khng hn ch, cc yu cu sau:
+ Quy nh ni dung ca khung tn bn v, v d: Tn ca nh cung cp, s hiu bn
v, tn bn v m t ni dung, ngy thng xut hoc ln xem xt cui cng ...;
187
+ Cc bn v tham chiu c lin quan.

- Nu yu cu v ni dung bn v cn th hin. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc
ni dung sau:
+ Cc chi tit , treo ng;
+ Cc chi tit v mi ni in hnh;
+ Danh mc chi tit cc vt t, thit b ca h thng cp thot nc km theo k, m
hiu, tiu chun p dng vi cc thng s v cc yu cu k thut nu trong Mc 7.1.2;
+ Cc yu cu k thut i vi cng tc lp t nh cc yu cu v lin kt, vt liu
lin kt, yu cu v dung sai lp t, yu cu v an ton;
+ Yu cu v trnh t cc bc thi cng.
7.1.4 Yu cu lp t
7.1.4.1 Yu cu chung
Nu cc yu cu chung i vi cng tc thi cng h thng cp thot nc, cc yu cu
chung ch yu lin quan n cht lng lp t nhm p ng cc yu cu k thut ca h
thng cng nh cc ch tiu chung ca cng trnh. V d: khi lp t h thng trang thit b
cng trnh cn phi m bo cc ch tiu chung ca cng trnh nh cch m, cch rung,
cch nhit.
7.1.4.2 Phm vi cng vic ca nh thu thi cng lp t
a. M t tng quan phm vi cng vic ca nh thu thi cng lp t h thng cp thot
nc.
b. Nu phm vi c th ca tng cng vic m nh thu thi cng lp t phi chu trch
nhim. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Kho st hin trng: Ty theo quy m, tnh cht ca cng trnh, d n m nu cc yu
cu v kho st hin trng, bao gm:
+ Cc cng vic lin quan n phn h ngm cc ng ng cp thot nc;
+ Mt bng thi cng cc hng mc chnh ca h thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v
cng trnh;
188
+ Cc cng vic lin quan n vic u ni vi h thng cp thot nc chung ca khu

vc xung quanh;
+ Cc cng tc kho st cn thit khc phc v vic thi cng h thng cp thot
nc.
- Lp thit k chi tit bn v bin php thi cng theo ng cc yu cu ca thit k ph
duyt.
- Cng tc lp t:
+ Lp t tt c cc hng mc theo thit k c ph duyt ca ch u t;
+ Phi hp lp t vi cc n v khc;
+ Phi hp lp t vi thit k kin trc, kt cu v xy dng cng trnh;
+ Phi hp cc h thng dch v trn cng trng.
- Cng tc nghim thu:
+ Nghim thu vt t, thit b trc khi lp t;
+ Nghim thu cng vic thi cng lp t;
+ Nghim thu lp t thit b;
+ Nghim thu chy th khng ti, c ti v chng nhn theo yu cu lp t hon thin.
- Chun b v hon thin h s qun l cht lng:
+ Cc bin bn nghim thu;
+ Bn v hon cng;
+ Cc chng ch ca vt t, thit b;
+ Cc kt qu th nghim, kim nh ...
- Bo hnh theo thi gian quy nh.
7.1.4.3 Phi hp vi cc nh thu lin quan
a. Quy nh s phi hp vi cc nh thu lin quan vic thi cng nhp nhng, khng
chng cho, khng lm nh hng n cc phn cng trnh thi cng, m bo cht
lng v tin .
189
b. Quy nh s phi hp ca nh thu thi cng phn cp thot nc vi cc nh thu lin

quan: nh thu xy dng, nh thu c kh, nh thu in, nh thu phng chy cha chy.
c. Quy nh trch nhim khi phi hp trong lit k cc cng vic c th cho nh thu thi
cng phn cp thot nc, s phi hp vi cc nh thu. V d: cc cng vic ca nh thu
thi cng phn cp thot nc s thc hin v phi hp vi cc nh thu khc nh sau:
- Cng vic phi hp thc hin vi nh thu xy dng:
+ To l cho cc hng mc theo yu cu lp t h thng cp thot nc. Trc khi
tin hnh to l i qua cc cu kin xy dng nh dm, sn, ct...., bn v ca nh thu cp
thot nc phi c cc k s kt cu ca t vn thit k chp thun;
+ Cc phn i ngm di nn nh ng ng cp thot cho b pht, b ngm;
+ Phi hp b tr cc ca thm ca h thng cp thot nc theo yu cu trn cng
trng;
+ Ngt v bt cc h thng cp thot nc hin c khng dng n;
+ Cung cp mng ngn nc hoc cc vt liu xy dng chng thm nhng ni c
yu cu.
- Cng vic phi hp thc hin vi nh thu in: i dy iu khin/dy in v lp t
n tt c cc thit b cp nc t t iu khin/cu dao cch ly nhng ni cn thit.
- Cng vic phi hp thc hin vi nh thu phng chy cha chy: Cp nc cho b cha
nc cu ha.
a. Yu cu chung
Nu yu cu k thut chung i vi vic thi cng h thng cp thot nc. V d: bao gm,
nhng khng hn ch, cc yu cu sau:
- Trnh tay ngh cng nhn
- Kch thc, dung sai cho php.
- nh du ph tng v ng ng.
- nh du van v cc thit b.
- Bo v ng ng, phc kin v cng trnh.
190
- Lm sch b mt v hon tr nguyn trng b mt.

- Nc va.
- Cc cch lp t khng c php s dng.
- Cc yu cu thi cng lp t h thng cp thot nc khng lm nh hng v sinh
n lng thc, thc phm.
b. Thi cng o ngm
- Nu yu cu i vi vic thi cng o ngm. V d: Trong thi cng xy dng h thng
cp thot nc, cc phn vic lin quan n cng tc o ngm th tham chiu n cc mc
v cng tc o ngm cc chng, mc lin quan. Cng tc o ngm ca h thng cp
thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh bao gm (nhng khng gii hn) cc cng tc sau:
o ngm, ct pha chng, ng trong nn t khng n nh, vt liu lt ng, lp chn
v lp ph ng, san
lp ng, hon tr cc b mt, mang t tha i.
- Trong mi cng tc nu trn cn nu r yu cu phi t c ca mi cng tc v trch
dn cc chng, mc c lin quan.
c. Thi cng to l cc cu kin, kt cu xy dng
Nu yu cu k thut v cng tc to l. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc cng
tc sau:
- Trnh t to l (quy nh to l trc hay sau khi thi cng cc cu kin khc ca cng
trnh).
- Yu cu v dung sai kch thc i vi: V tr l, hnh dng, kch thc l.
- ng lng bo v (loi ng, c ng, kch thc nh ra khi kt cu v mi pha, yu cu
v bo n, chng chy lan v.v).
- Hon thin cc l m xuyn.
d. Thi cng mi ni
- Nu cc kiu mi ni ca h thng cp thot nc c p dng cho cng trnh. V d:
Mi ni bng ren, ni dng cht hn nng chy, ni hn, ni mt bch, ni ai, ni bng
keo
191
- Nu yu cu k thut v cc mi ni s dng cho h thng cp thot nc. V d: cc yu

k thut i vi mi ni gm v tr ni, kn nc, phng, nhn ca b mt trong mi
ni.
- Nu yu cu k thut vi cc mi ni c bit. V d: ni ng ng vi ng ren, ni rc
co, ni ng nha vi cc loi ng khc.
- Nu cc kiu ni khng c php s dng. V d: khng c khoan hoc ren ni
ng trn thnh ca cc ng ng thot nc hoc thng hi; khng c ni ng dn
cht thi vo ming ct hoc ming bt ca b x hoc thit b thot nc tng t.
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: Cc mi ni c ren (IPS); mi ni ng ng thot nc
v ng cng bng nha s dng cc m kn n hi; mi ni ren thot nc lm bng
gang c; mi hn ng, bc cho cc mi ni lin kt hn v gia cng chu p lc; kim loi
hn bng ng; cc khp ni bng nha PP; quy trnh mi hn nhit ca ng ng v cc
khp ni lm bng nha chu nhit; dng c dng ni ct ng ch T kiu c kh; mi ni
c kh kiu c ng rnh.
e. Thi cng h thng cp nc lnh
- Nu cc cng vic v trnh t thi cng lp t h thng cp nc lnh. Thi cng h thng
cp nc lnh bn trong nh v cng trnh. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc
cng tc sau:
+ Thi cng ng ng v ph tng: Bao gm cc cng tc nh t ng, ct ng, lp
ng, ni
ng, bt ng, bo v ng;
+ nh v v neo ng;
+ Thi cng cc v tr i qua tng, trn, mi;
+ Lp t cc thit b ngn dng chy ngc;
+ u ni vi ng ng cp nc chung hin c;
+ Lp t cc thit b trn ng ng nh van cc loi;
+ Lp t my bm cp nc, bnh tch p v.v;
+ Lp t cc loi b cha, bn cha;
+ Lp t cc thit b o.
192

dn cc chng, mc c lin quan
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh;
bm nc ly tm; bn cha nc bng thp khng g; chng nc va; thit b chng dng
chy ngc.
f. Thi cng h thng cp nc nng
- Nu cc cng vic v trnh t thi cng lp t h thng cp nc nng. Thi cng lp t
h thng cp nc nng bn trong nh v cng trnh. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn
ch, cc cng tc sau:
ng, ni ng, bt ng, bo v ng;
+ nh v v neo ng;
+ Lp t cc thit b ngn dng chy ngc;
+ Lp t cc thit b trn ng ng nh van cc loi;
+ Lp t cc loi bnh nc nng v ph kin;
+ Lp t cc thit b o.
dn cc chng, mc c lin quan.
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh;
ng ng dn hi nc v nc nng; bnh un nc nng bng in; thit b chng dng
chy
ngc
g. Thi cng lp t h thng ng ng v sinh
- Nu cc cng vic v trnh t thi cng lp t ng ng v sinh. Thi cng lp t h
thng ng ng v sinh bn trong nh v cng trnh. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn
ch, cc cng tc sau:
193

ng, ni ng, bo v ng;
+ Lp t ng thng hi;
+ Lp t ng thot phn, nc thi, ng chu tiu;
+ Lp t cc gi , cc khp gin n;
+ Lp t cc phu thu, np y;
+ Lp t khuu ng, xi phng;
+ Thi cng l thng hi xuyn sn.
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh; ng
snh thot nc v ph tng; chng nc va; lp t ng nha ABS
h. Thi cng lp t h thng thot nc ma
- Nu cc cng vic v trnh t thi cng lp t h thng thot nc ma. Thi cng lp t
h thng thot nc ma. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc cng tc sau:
ng, ni ng, bo v ng;
+ Lp t ng ng thot nc ma;
+ Lp t cc mng thu nc ma;
+ Lp t ca thm;
+ Lp t ghi thot nc v thu nc sn, mi;
+ Thi cng rnh thot nc ma.
- Trong mi cng tc nu trn nu r yu cu phi t c ca mi cng tc
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh, ng
snh thot nc v ph tng; chng nc va; lp t ng nha.
i. Thi cng lp t thit b v sinh v vi
194
- Nu cc cng vic v trnh t thi cng lp t thit b v sinh. Thi cng lp t h thng
thit b v sinh bn trong nh v cng trnh. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc
cng tc sau:
+ Lp t x;
+ Lp t tiu treo;
+ Cc thit b v sinh: Chu ra, my sy kh, vi hoa sen.
- Trong mi cng tc nu trn nu r yu cu phi t c ca mi cng tc.
- Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng trnh; sn
phm s v sinh; k hiu quy c trang thit b v sinh.
j. Thi cng h thng x l nc thi cc b trong nh v cng trnh
Nu yu cu lp t h thng x l nc thi. V d: Ty theo quy m, tnh cht ca cng
trnh m c cn yu cu phi lp t h thng x l nc thi ring cho cng trnh hay
thu gom nc thi vo h thng x l nc thi chung. Cn c cng ngh x l v cng
sut x l ca h thng x l nc thi trnh by y v chi tit c tnh k thut ca
h thng. Da trn cc tiu chun v cng ngh x l nc thi p dng cho cng trnh
a ra cc thng s ph hp cho h thng, trong ti thiu phi c c cc yu cu sau:
- Thng s nc u vo trc khi x l: pH, hm lng cc cht c hi nh BOD5;
COD5; TSS, Amoniac NH3; P; Du m v.v
- Tiu chun nc sau x l: pH v hm lng cc cht c hi cn li bao nhiu
p ng ng tiu chun quy nh.
CH THCH: i vi h thng x l nc thi, thng yu cu cung cp v lp t trn
b mt h thng x l nc thi hon chnh c cng sut ph hp cho cng trnh vi cc
yu cu chnh phi t nh trn.
k. Cng tc sn
Nu yu cu v sn cho cc loi vt liu khc nhau ca h thng cp thot nc. Trong quy
nh v sn, ti thiu phi c tiu chun v h sn, mu sn, quy trnh sn cho cc loi vt
liu khc nhau. V d: van v ph tng bng kim loi, sn ng thp en, ng thp m km,
ng gang v.v
l. m bo an ton trong thi cng
195
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc bo m an ton trong thi cng, bao gm an ton in,

an ton trn cao, an ton s dng thit b ct,...
Quy nh v vic cc bn tham gia d n phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh.
7.1.5 Kim tra v th nghim
- Son tho quy trnh kim tra v th nghim h thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v
cng trnh, bao gm:
7.1.5.1 Trnh t tin hnh kim tra
Cc bc kim tra h thng cp thot nc. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, nhng
ni dung sau:
- S ph hp ca cc vt liu, cc ph tng v thit b s dng vi thit k v cc yu
cu ca quy phm hin hnh.
- chnh xc ca dc, vng chc ca cc ng ng v thit b;.
- Cc ni dung khc ph hp vi bn v thi cng v thuyt minh km theo. Nhng sa i
v thit k khi thi cng ti hin trng.
7.1.5.2 Quy trnh th nghim
Nu cc bc tin hnh th nghim h thng cp thot nc. V d: bao gm, nhng
khng hn ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Kim tra bn ngoi v kim tra s hot ng ca h thng: Cc bn tin hnh kim
tra lp t tnh cc thit b v ng ng; kim tra chy th khng ti
- Nu phng php th p lc. V d: C th th bng thy lc, bng kh nn hoc kt hp
c hai php th. Trong qu trnh th p lc cn kim tra cc ni dung nh:
+ Hin tng r r nc cc ng ng, cc thit b ly nc;
+ S lm vic ca mng li, cc thit b un nc nng, cc trm bm, cc ph tng
v cc dng c o v kim tra my bm khi c ti;
+ Kim tra chnh xc ca ng h bng cch so snh tr s trn mt ng h vi
lng nc thc t chy ra van sau ng h.
- Lp cc vn bn cn thit trong qu trnh th nghim. V d: cc bin bn v th p lc
v s lm vic ca h thng trong ghi nhn kt qu th p lc ca h thng, tnh nng
196
v chnh xc khi vn hnh h thng un nc nng, my bm v ng c in phc v

cp thot nc, s ph hp gia thng s tnh ton vi thng s lm vic thc t v.v...
7.1.5.3 i vi h thng cp thot nc nng
Nu quy trnh th nghim h thng cp thot nc nng nh ni hi, ni un nc nng,
thit b un nc nng v cc thit b, ph tng ca h thng. V d: Quy trnh th nghim
thng thng tun theo yu cu ca nh sn xut.
7.1.5.4 Cc tiu chun kim tra v th nghim
Lit k dy cc tiu chun kim tra v th nghim cn thit cho h thng cp thot nc
bn trong nh v cng trnh.
7.1.6 Bo hnh v bo dng
Nu quy trnh bo hnh v bo dng. V d: Thng thng, i vi cc thit b c s
dng cho cng trnh, nh sn xut l ngi lp quy trnh hng dn vn hnh, bo dng
thit b ca h. Quy trnh ny c th c ngay trong catalogue thit b (nu thit b n gin)
hoc c th c son ring (nu l thit b phc tp). Trong ti liu ch dn k thut thi
cng cn tng hp li thnh quy trnh ring cho cng trnh da trn cc tiu chun, quy
nh v catalogue ca nh sn xut. Quy trnh bo hnh, bo tr v bo dng c th khng
cn nu chi tit i vi tng thit b n l m nn trch dn iu khon tham chiu n
hng dn ca nh sn xut.
7.1.7 Ph lc
Lit k cc trang thit b trong ch dn k thut thi cng trong ph lc km theo. Ph lc
km theo ny bao gm c tnh k thut ca tng thit b v Catalogue thit b km theo.
V d: Trong ch dn k thut thi cng cn lit k y cc c tnh k thut v cc thng
s ch yu ca thit b cp nc bn trong nh v cng trnh nh sau:
- Cc loi b cha, bn cha: Dung tch (m3); kch thc (m): di (L) x rng (B) x cao
(H); vt liu lm b, bn cha: Kt cu b tng ct thp, thp, composite hay vt liu no
khc; dc y b (%).
- Thit b un nc nng (Ni un nc nng v thit b ni hi): Dung tch (m3); kch
thc (m): di (L) x rng (B) x cao (H); vt liu; nhit ; p sut (bar).
- Bm cp nc cc loi: Lu lng (m3/h); kiu bm; cng sut ng c (kW); ct p
(m); xut x (nu c)
197
- Cc loi van km theo cc thng s k thut: Van tay; van in; van bm; van cu.
- ng ng cp nc: ng knh (mm); vt liu; tiu chun ng; tc dng trong ng
(m/s); p lc ng ng chu c (kN, MPa).
- ng ng cp hi v cp nc nng: ng knh (m); vt liu; tiu chun ng; tc
dng trong ng (m/s); nhit ti a ng ng chu c; p lc ng ng chu c
(kN, MPa).
- Cc loi xyclon thy lc (tch cn lng v tp cht rn): Cng sut (m3/h); kch thc
(m); ng knh (D); chiu cao (H); vt liu lm xyclon (Thp, composite hay vt liu no
khc).
- Thit b khuy: Kiu khuy; cng sut ng c (kW).
- Thit b chn rc: Loi: t ng hay bng tay; Kch thc: di (L) x rng (B) x cao (H);
cng sut ng c (kW).
- Thit b vt rc: Loi t ng hay bng tay; cng sut ng c (kW).
- Thit b nghin rc: Cng sut (T/h); loi my; cng sut ng c (kW); xut x (nu c).
- Bm nc thi: Lu lng (m3/h); kiu bm; cng sut ng c (kW); ct p (m); xut
x...
- Bm bn: Lu lng (m3/h); kiu bm; cng sut ng c (kW); ct p (m); xut x
(nu c)
- My p bn: Cng sut (T/h); loi my; cng sut ng c (kW); xut x (nu c)
- Thit b thi kh: Cng sut (KgO2/kW-h); cng sut ng c (kW); xut x (nu c)
- ng ng thot nc: ng knh (m); vt liu; tiu chun ng; dc (%); tc
dng trong ng (m/s); p lc ng ng chu c (kN, MPa).
- Ming x nc thi: Kch thc: di (L) x rng (B) x cao (H).
- Thit b nng chyn: Ti trng nng (T); loi my; cng sut ng c (kW); xut x (nu
c).
- ng c diezel dng cho my bm d phng: Cng sut (kW); kiu; xut x (nu c).
- Cc thit b k thut v sinh: X; tiu; chu ra; my sy kh; vi hoa sen, vi nc; bn
massage, bn sc; v.v
198
- Thit b thng gi v sinh (qut): Lu lng (m3/h); loi; cng sut ng c (kW):
- Cc ph kin: Cc loi ph kin cn thit theo cc tiu chun do thit k la chn.
- Cc thit b in v t ng ha phc v h thng cp thot nc: cc yu cu k thut
ca cc thit b in v t ng ha phc v cho h thng cp thot nc trong c tham
chiu n cc chng, mc ca phn in.
- Cc thit b o lng: lu lng k (loi, di o, xut x (nu c) v.v); p k (loi, di
o, xut x (nu c) v.v); nhit k (loi, di o, xut x (nu c) v.v); o mc (loi,
di o, xut x (nu c) v.v).
- Cc thit b th nghim (trn b): My o DO; My o pH; Thit b ly mu t ng; Cn
phn tch in t; Thit b xc nh hm lng COD; Thit b o nhanh BOD; Thit b
phn tch nhanh NPK; T sy; Thit b lc chn khng
199
CHNG 7.2 H THNG IN
7.2.1 Nhng vn chung

7.2.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ch dn k thut ca chng bao gm: tiu chun p dng, ti liu cn
trnh, cc yu cu k thut, yu cu lp t, chy th, nghim thu i vi cc hng mc ca
h thng in.
7.2.1.2 Cc chng, mc, ti liu c lin quan
Nu tn cc phn, chng, mc c lin quan n chng ny. V d:
- Phn 4 Cng tc b tng, gch ;
- Phn 6 Cng tc hon thin
Nu tn cc ti liu c lin quan cn tham kho cng vi cc ch dn k thut nu ti
chng ny.
7.2.1.4 Cc nh ngha
Nu nh ngha cc thut ng mi, thut ng chuyn mn hp, cc t vit tt s dng
trong chng ny ca ch dn k thut. V d:
- T in h th: l t cung cp v phn phi in vi in p danh nh nh hnoc bng
600 V
- Chu c ng t cp...: l cc iu kin thit b gi nguyn c v tr m khng b
, gy, v bt k phn no khi b cc lc a chn tc ng v hot ng bnh thng sau
a chn
Nu cc Tiu chun v quy phm p dng cho chng ny. V d:
- 11 TCN 18:2006 Quy phm trang b in - phn I quy nh chung;
- 11 TCN 19:2006 Quy phm trang b in - phn II h thng ng dn in;
- 11 TCN 21:2006 Quy phm trang b in - phn IV thit b phn phi v trm bin p;
- QC 05,06,07 Quy chun k thut in s 5, 6, 7,8 nm 2008;
- QC 02 20010 Quy chun PCCC nm 2010;
200
- TCVN 4756:1989 Quy phm ni t, ni khng cc thit b in;

- TCXD 394:2007 Thit k lp t trang thit b in Phn an ton in;
- TCXD 333:2005 Chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cc cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k
- TCXD 46:2007 Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng;
- TCXD 175:2005 Mc n cho php trong cng trnh cng cng. Tiu chun thit k..;
7.2.2 Yu cu k thut
7.2.2.1 Yu cu chung
Nu cc yu chung i vi ton b h thng in. V d: Cp bo v i vi ton b cc
thit b in ca cng trnh, cch chn cp ngm.
7.2.2.2 Cc ti liu cn trnh
Nu yu cu v danh mc v ni dung, quy cch ti liu m nh thu (cung cp v (hoc)
nh thu lp t) cn trnh ch u t xem xt ph duyt trc khi thc hin. V d:
bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ti liu sau:
- Ti liu v cc thng s k thut ca thit b nh m hiu, kiu dng, cng sut, hiu sut,
cp bo v, cp chng chy (catalog, bng k cc thng s,).
- Cc ti liu lin quan cht lng vt t thit b (chng ch xut x, giy chng nhn cht
lng ca nh sn xut, kt qu th nghim trc khi xut xng,...).
- Cc kt qu kim nh ca phng th nghim c lp (kt qu o cch in ca dy
dn,..
- Cc ti liu hng dn s dng, vn hnh).
- Cc bn v bin php thi cng, bn v ch to cc chi tit phi tiu chun.
7.2.2.3 Tuyn cp trung th (ch p dng i vi cng trnh c trang b trm bin p)
Nu yu cu i vi tuyn cp trung th , bao gm nhng khng gii hn cc ni dung
sau: Kiu loi cp, cp in p,... V d: Cp trung th l cp loi : PCV 3x200 + 1 x 120.
in p 20KV
7.2.2.4 Trm bin p
201
Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b ca trm bin p. bao gm:

a. My bin p
- Nu cc yu cu v cc thng s k thut chnh. Cng sut nh mc, in p nh mc.
V d: 500KVA-22/0,4KV; Cng sut ngn mch. V d: 20kA; Mc tn hao khng ti,
tn hao c ti. V d: Hiu sut khi y ti t ...%; Cp bo v. V du: Cp bo v p ng
chun IP 54 theo tiu chun chu u (EC ...).
- Nu yu cu v iu kin lm vic. V d: l loi my bin p t ngoi tri vi nhit
mi trng t 10C n 50C.
- Nu cc yu cu c bit i vi my bin p. V d: tn hao st t khng qu
kg/nm; My bin p c trang b cc c cu chng rung, chng n,..
- Nu cc yu cu i vi kt cu xy dng, bao che cho my bin p. V d: MBA c
t trong nh trn b my bng b tng ct thp.
- Nu cc yu cu v th nghim cht lng trc khi xut xng. V d: Trc khi xut
xng, nh ch to phi tin hnh th nghim cc thng s k thut chnh ca MBA c s
chng kin ca c quan kim nh c lp do ch u t ch nh. Bin bn v kt qu th
nghim c cung cp km theo thit b.
b. T ng ct trung th
- Nu cc yu cu v cc thng s k thut chnh. V d: Chng loi t ng ct, in p
nh mc, dng in nh mc, cng sut ct nh mc, cng sut v dng in ngn mch
nh mc; Mi trng lm vic (nhit , m); dng in nh mc cho cc l ra, thng
s thanh ci chnh v thanh ci phn on. Trong trng hp t my ct loi hp b, iu
khin t ng cn b sung cc yu cu cho thit b mch nh th (o lng, iu khin v
bo v) iu khin nh mc cc yu cu v thit b bo v, hin th, kha lin ng.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi kh c in trung th. V d: Thit b bo v, my ct, cu dao,
cu ch nh: v cp in p, dng in lm vic, cng sut ct cho php.
- Nu cc yu cu v chnh xc, cp in p, phng thc o lng , bo vi vi
thit b o lng v o m in nng, rle.
- Nu cc yu cu v cp cch in, tit din, nhit , mu sc, cch k hiu i vi
cp trung th, cp in t dng, cp o lng, bo v.
202
- Nu cc yu cu v ni t tip a: in tr tip t, phng thc ni t.

7.2.2.5 Cung cp in d phng
- Nu tn cc h thng k thut c u tin cp in trong trng hp mt in li
- Nu phng n cp in cho 2 trng hp: t ngun in li v t my pht d phng.
- M t h thng cp ngun d phng. V d: h thng cp in d phng bao gm: ng
c ddiezeen, my pht, thng du, c quy, b chuyn ngun t ng,...
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi thit b thuc h thng cp in d phng. V d: bao gm,
nhng khng hn ch, cc thit b sau:
a. My pht in
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi my pht in diezel.
- Nu cc thng s chnh ca my pht: Cng sut ch lin tc v ch khn cp;
in p; tn s; tc quay nh mc; h s cng sut; ch ti; c cu iu chnh
in p; lch p; ...
b. ng c diezel
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi ng c diezel.
- Nu cc thng s chnh ca ng c diezel nh: Kiu, S xi lanh, kiu b tr xi lanh;
ng knh trong ca xi lanh; hnh trnh, dung tch xi lanh;
- Nu cc thng s v tnh nng cn p ng ca h thng phun nhin liu; h thng gii
nhit;
- Quy nh mc tiu th nhin liu;
- Nu yu cu v vt liu i vi cc chi tit chnh.
c. c quy khi ng
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi c quy
- Nu cc thng s chnh ca c quy, nh: loi c quy; dung lng; kh nng chu va
p,...
d. B chuyn ngun t ng
203
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi b chuyn ngun in t ng, cc thng s k thut

chnh ca b chuyn ngun nh: cng sut, kch thc c bn, thi gian chuyn ngun,
khong o v dung sai ca cc thit b o,...
e. Thng du
Nu thng s ca thng du. V d: dung tch, loi vt liu ch to, kch thc , cch g
lp.
7.2.2.6 T phn phi h th
- Nu yu cu chung i vi t phn phi in h th, bao gm:
- Nu yu cu v cc thng s k thut chnh: in p nh mc, in p nh mc. V d:
380/220 V; Cng dng in lm vic lin tc. V d: Dng lm vic lin tc khng ln
hn 1600 ampe A; Cp bo v. V du: Cp bo v p ng chun IP 54 theo tiu chun
chu u (EC ...).
- Nu yu cu v iu kin lm vic. V d: l loi t phn phi in h th lp t trong
nh vi nhit mi trng n 40C.
- Nu yu cu v kim nh cht lng linh kin, thit b v ph kin in. V d: cht
lng linh kin, thit b v ph kin tch hp trong t phi c mt t chc chuyn
nghip c
chc nng kim nh v dn nhn, ng du, kp ch ti cc v tr qui nh nh trong NFPA
70 Tiu chun quc gia v in.
- Nu yu cu v kh nng chng ng t. V d: T in v cc linh kin phi c ch
to
v kim tra c th chu c ng t cp... theo tiu chun ....
- Nu yu cu i vi v t, bao gm: Yu cu v vt liu ch to. V d: V t lm bng
thp, p ng yu cu ca tiu chun NEMA 250, Loi 1; Yu cu i vi y t. V d:
y t c lm bng vt liu chu la, cch nhit vi cc l ring bit cho tng u cp
vo t; Yu cu v sn hon thin: V d: T phi c hon thin ti nh my, sn tnh
in (hoc, sn 2 lp sn lt chng r trn b mt kim loi x l, sn ph 2 lp mu
xm theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut).
204
- Nu yu cu i vi bng iu khin mt trc t. V d: Cho php tip cn vi b ngt

mch, thit b nh lng, ph kin v cc ngn trng.
- Nu yu cu i vi thanh ci v cc chi tit u ni, bao gm: Yu cu i vi gi
cp. V d: Ga cp c sp t to s thun tin cho vic lp t cp v ph hp
vi kch thc cp, c khong trng d phng cho cc cp lp t sau; Yu cu v thanh
gp pha, trung ha v cc kt ni. V d: Ba pha, bn dy tr khi c qui nh khc. Hp
kim nhm bn cao, m thic vi cc kt ni dy b ngt in bng nhm m thic; Yu
cu i vi thanh gp ni t. V d: kch thc ti thiu 6x50 mm, bng ng ko ngui
98%, c trang b cc u dy c kh nng kt ni chu lc cho b kt ni mch nhnh v
dy dn tip t; Yu cu i vi thanh gp trung ha. V d: 50% dung lng dng ca
thanh gp pha, tr khi c quy nh khc, c trang b b kt ni chu lc cho cp trung
ha mch ra.
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b ngt in p tc thi, bao gm: Yu cu v cng sut ca
dng in xung n. V d: Cng sut ti a ca dng in xung n l 160 kA trn mt
mode/320 kA trn mt pha; Yu cu v kh nng chu xung: V d: Kh nng chu xung l
5000 theo tiu chun IEEE C62.41, Hng C3 (10 kA), 8-by-20-mic.sec. Sng xung di
5% lng thay i trong in p; Yu cu v phng thc bo v. V d: theo tiu chun
UL 1449 SVR i vi cc mch ch Y bng cc mch 4 dy, 3 pha, 380Y/220V nh sau:
Dy n dy trung ha: 800 V i vi 380Y/220; Dy n dy tip t : 800 V i vi
380Y/220; Trung ha n tip t: 800 V i vi 380Y/220. Yu cu v kh nng chng
xung. V d: Kh nng chng xung tun th theo tiu chun IEEE C62.41, lp rp hon
ton bn dn, kt ni song song vi cc modun lc v kh sng, cng sut dng ngn mch
bng hoc hn cng sut ngn mch nh mc; Yu cu i vi cu ch. V d: cng sut
ngt nh mc 200-kA; Yu cu i vi n bo tnh trng in v bo v . V d: trang b
n LED bo tnh trng in v bo v;
- Nu yu cu v chung bo ng. V d: Chung vi cng tc cm ch bo hiu khi tnh
trng bo v khng hot ng; Yu cu i vi cng tc. V d: Cng tc nh mc 5 A v
250-V, tip im mt ng mt m dng cho gim st s vn hnh h thng t xa. Cc
cng tc s o v tr trong trng hp bt k modun lch xung no khng thc hin c
hoc trn khong trng ca bt k thit b gii hn dng no.
205
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b o lng, bao gm nhng khng hn ch sau: Yu cu i

vi my bin dng, bao gm: Yu cu v cng sut, s u ra tn hiu, loi dy cun,
chnh xc, v s tng thch vi h thng. V d: My bin dng c cng , cng sut,
chnh xc ph hp vi thit b rle v thit b o c kt ni; Yu cu v kh nng
hin th, cc i lng hin th. V d: hin th cng dng in, in p tng pha,...;
Yu cu v dung sai cho php ca cc i lng o. V d: Cc dng pha, mi pha: +/1%; in p pha-pha, ba pha: +/- 1%; in p pha- trung ha, ba pha: +/- 1%; m ga ot:
+/- 2%; m ga vol: +/- 2%; h s cng sut: +/- 2%; tn s: +/- 0.5%; cng sut tiu th,
tnh bng mega ot/gi :+/- 2%.
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b bo v qu dng v ng ngt, bao gm nhng khng hn
ch sau: Yu cu i vi Abtomat. V d: Tiu chun p dng, chng loi, kch c, s cc,
cng sut, kh nng iu chnh, c cu an ton, yu cu i vi v,.. V d: Abtomat phi
p ng tiu chun TCVN 6951-1:2001, loi 1pha, 2 cc 220V/50Hz/25A, c th iu
chnh cc ch khc nhau nh: Ngt tc thi, iu chnh thi gian tr ti a ... giy; c
trang b b cm bin chm t, c bao che kn, chng nc ma s dng ngoi tri; Nu
yu cu i vi cu chy, bao gm: Tiu chun p dng dng in danh nh, loi dy
chy, thi gian tr cho php... (Cu chy phi p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN
5926:1995; dng in danh nh l 6kA; dy chy l ch; dy chy c bc kn).
7.2.2.7 Thanh dn
Nu c im ca thanh dn. V d:
- Loi thanh dn, cu to v bao ngoi; ch thng gi lm mt thanh dn, khp ni,
cng sut danh nh, vt liu ch to.
- Cp in p.
- Nhit lm vic thanh dn.
- Phng n ni t
7.2.2.8 Thit b ng ngt
Nu cc yu cu k thut i vi thit b ng ngt, bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc
thit b sau:
206
- cm, bao gm: Tiu chun p dng. V d: tiu chun; kiu v kch thc c bn; kiu
loi cm; cc thng s v dng in: in p, cng dng in. V d: 220V/10A; yu
cu v hnh dng, mu sc ca mt cm, kiu lp t, vt liu cm.
- Nu yu cu i vi cng tc, bao gm: Tiu chun p dng nh: Tn tiu chun, dy
dng in danh nh; cc thng s v dng in: in p, cng dng in; kiu loi;
hnh dng, mu sc ca mt cng tc;kiu lp t; yu cu i vi cng tc.
- Nu yu cu i vi cu dao, bao gm: tn tiu chun p dng; yu cu k thut chung;
cc thng s v dng in: in p, cng dng in; kiu loi; yu cu v hnh dng,
mu sc ca mt cu dao; kiu lp t; yu cu i vi cu dao; yu cu v c cu an
ton.
7.2.2.9 H thng chiu sng trong nh
- Nu yu cu i vi cc loi n, mng n, cha n bao gm: Chng loi v
thng s chnh; vt liu, hon thin; knh, phn chiu ca cha n; v khuych tn
nhit:
- Nu yu cu i vi chn lu ca n hunh quang, bao gm: K m hiu, chng loi, s
lng, cc c tnh chnh; cng sut chiu sng, n cho php, tem nhn,... ; phm vi
iu chnh sng.; tnh tng thch trong h thng; kiu vn hnh.
- Nu yu cu i vi chn lu ca n hunh quang Compact, bao gm: k m hiu,
chng loi, s lng; cc c tnh chnh. V d: l loi chn lu in t khi ng nhanh
bng lp trnh, tit kim in nng, hiu sut cao (95% hoc hn) , c bo v nhit reset t
ng; Cng sut in tiu th; V tem nhn. V d: trn mi bng n phi c nhn hiu;
v cht lng nh sng.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi n hunh quang chiu sng s c, loi trong nh, bao gm: tn,
k m hiu, cng chiu sng; tnh ng b, ch hot ng; n tn hiu l n LED
ch tnh trng c in; nt n th kim tra kh nng vn hnh. V d: Nt n v tr d
nhn thy v ng sn c th s dng thao tc c mt cch d dng; c quy; b sc c
quy. V d: L loi kn, khng cn bo dng, niken-catmi, t ng, trng thi rn, dng
in n nh c rle chuyn i cng sut.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi n thot nn (n Exit), bao gm: Chng loi, mu tn hiu;
loi bng n, dng in s dng, tui th ca bng n.
207
- Nu yu cu i vi bng n hunh quang s dng cho cng trnh, bao gm: loi bng
n; cng sut, kch thc, cng nh sng ban u, nhit mu, tui th.
- Nu yu cu i vi bng n hunh quang compact s dng cho cng trnh, bao gm:
loi bng n; cng sut tiu th in, cng nh sng ban u, nhit mu, tui th.
7.2.2.10 H thng chiu sng ngoi nh
- Nu yu cu chung i vi h thng chiu sng ngoi tri, bao gm: danh mc v m
hiu, chng loi n ng vi tng v tr lp t; quy nh v thng s chiu sng ca tng
khu vc, quy nh v vt liu ch to, quy nh chung i vi v bo v n, quy nh v
cht lng ch to n, m bo ca, khung, thu knh, b khuch tn v cc b phn
khc; vnh chn nh sng; quy nh v cht lng ca cha n. V d: B mt phn chiu
ca cha n phi c phn chiu ti thiu cho: B mt trng, B mt gng: B mt
gng khuch tn.
- Quy nh v vng m khc x v thu knh, quy nh v cht lng hon thin b n.
- Nu yu cu i vi r le quang hc gn lin vi n, bao gm: loi, tnh ng b; ch
hot ng.
- Nu yu cu i vi chn lu v n hunh quang, bao gm: hiu sut; cp n; c
tnh; nhit lm vic.
- Quy nh i vi bng n hunh quang.
- Nu yu cu i vi chn lu cho n cao p (n HID), bao gm: Kh nng hot ng;
nhit mi trng xung quanh.
- Nu yu cu i vi cu ch ca chn lu: Cng sut dng in v in p, v tui th.
- Nu yu cu ca n natri cao p, bao gm: Nhit mu, tui th, tui th trung bnh,...
- Nu yu cu ca n halogen, bao gm: chiu sng ti thiu; nhit mu.
- Nu cc yu cu chung v b phn gi v ct n, bao gm: V kh nng chu sc gi
ca ct n; v h s an ton, v vt liu cc ph tng, chi tit ca ct n nh: cc mc
treo, bu lng neo, ai c, chp bulng v vng m; v mng ct n, b tng, ct hp,
vn khun theo quy nh ti Phn 4 v tm .
208
- Nu cc yu cu i vi ct n bng thp, bao gm: Yu cu v vt liu; v kch thc,

hnh dng; v ph tng km theo (mt bch ni i u gn bu lng trn b mng hoc
trn gi ).
- Nu cc yu cu i vi cn tr thp ct n, bao gm: yu cu v vt liu, kch thc,
hnh dng; ph tng km theo (mt bch ni i u, bu lng).
7.2.2.11 H thng in p thp
a. H thng m thanh cng cng
- M t h thng m thanh cng cng;
- Nu cc tiu chun p dng i vi h thng m thanh cng cng;
- Nu cc yu cu k thut chnh nh: cng m thanh, cht lng m thanh;
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca thit b khuych i m thanh nh: kh nng
khuych i, di tn s, kiu dng,...
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca thit b trn m thanh nh: kiu loi, s lng knh,
cht lng, cng sut,...
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca loa nh: cng sut, s lng.
- Nu cc thng s k thut i vi dy dn nh chng loi, s li, kch thc,...
b. H thng cp truyn hnh
- M t h thng cp truyn hnh, h thng ng ten;
- Nu cc tiu chun p dng i vi h thng cp truyn hnh, h thng ng ten;
- Nu cc yu cu k thut chnh nh: cht lng truyn dn, thu pht;
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca thit b thu hnh nh: chng loi, cht lng hnh
nh, m thanh, cng sut loa,...
- Nu cc thng s k thut i vi dy dn, dy ng ten nh chng loi, s li, kch
thc,...
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b thu sng nh ct ng ten, cho thu sng, thit b thu sng
k thut s...
c. Yu cu i vi h thng mng ni b
209
- M t h thng mng ni b;
- Nu cc tiu chun p dng i vi h thng mng ni b;
- Nu cc yu cu k thut chnh nh: cht lng kt ni thng tin, tc kt ni;
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca my ch nh: chng loi, s lng tn hiu vo/ra,
cht lng, bn, ...
- Nu cc thng s k thut i vi dy mng nh chng loi, s li, kch thc, kh nng
chng nhiu...
- Nu yu cu i vi cc trm chuyn tip nh: s knh vo ra, kh nng chng nhiu,
chng st, ..
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b u cui
- Nu yu cu i vi phn mm iu khin.
d. Yu cu i vi h thng bo chy t ng
- M t h thng bo chy t ng;
- Nu cc tiu chun p dng i vi h thng bo chy t ng;
- Nu cc yu cu k thut chnh nh: s lng vng chy, bo chy ch r a ch hay
khng, tin cy ca h thng, kh nng m rng;
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca t bo chy trung tm: chng loi, s lng knh,
cht lng tn hiu, ...
chng nhiu...
- Nu yu cu i v kh nng kt ni ca h thng vi cc h thng k thut khc c lin
quan nh: h thng cha chy t ng, chng st, ..
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b u cui nh: cm ng nhit, cm ng khi, chung bo
chy, nt n bo chy...
e. Yu cu i vi h thng camera quan st
- M t h thng camera quan st;
- Nu cc tiu chun p dng i vi h thng camera quan st;
210
- Nu cc yu cu k thut chnh nh: kh nng quan st, tin cy ca h thng, kh

nng m rng, kh nng lu tr d liu,...;
- Nu cc thng s k thut chnh ca trung tm lu tr v x l d liu: chng loi, s
lng knh, cht lng tn hiu, kh nng lu tr ...;
chng nhiu...;
- Nu yu cu i vi thit b u cui nh: kh nng qut ca camera, nhy nh sng,
kh nng nhn bit bng tia hng ngoi, kh nng iu khin tiu c,...
7.2.2.12 Dy v cp in
- Nu cc yu cu v vt liu dy cp in (hp kim ng hoc ng).
- Nu yu cu i vi dy dn in bng ng trn. V d:
+ Dy dn c: ph hp vi tiu chun ASTM B 3;
+ Dy dn bn: ph hp vi tiu chun ASTM B 8;
+ Dy dn in bng thic: ph hp vi tiu chun ASTM B 33;
+ Cp in lin kt: 28 kcmil, 14 dy dn bn 17 AWG, ng knh 6 mm.
- Nu yu cu i vi b ni (v nh sn xut, v vt liu, v cng ngh ni,...). V d: Ch
s dng cc b ni c phng th nghim quc gia c thm quyn cng nhn cht lng,
vt liu ch to s dng bng ng hoc ng hp kim.
- Nu yu cu v u ct: V d s dng u ct bng ng c kch c ph hp vi dy
dn.
7.2.2.13 Ga treo v gi mng in
Nu yu cu v gi treo v gi cc mng in, bao gm:
- Kh nng chu lc, h s an ton.
- Yu cu v tiu chun p dng.
- Yu cu v sn ph. V d: m km nhng nng, sn ph bng nha PVC, pliurtan,
hay vi pliexite.
- Yu cu v kch thc thp: c la chn cho tiu chun ti trng thch hp.
211
- Yu cu i vi gi trong mng cp, gi cho ng lun cp v cp: vt liu;
bn
kp, ng ni.
- Yu cu i vi gi ng lun cp theo phng ng. V d: v phn thn, cht cch
in, kch c v hnh dng.
- Yu cu v thp kt cu ch to gi v c cu kp: Vt liu, lp m bo v, tiu
chun p dng.
- Yu cu i vi b g xit cht thit b in hoc gi vi b mt to nh, bao gm:
+ Mc bng thp c ren s dng bt vo b tng cng, thp hoc g c lc cng, c
kh nng chng ct v ko ph hp vi ti trng v vt liu to nh s dng.
+ Bu lng n: V d: S dng loi n bng thp m thic c lc cng, ct v ko ph
hp vi ti trng tc ng v vt liu to nh c s dng.
+ Bn kp gn vi chi tit kt cu thp.
+ Bu lng xuyn qua: loi kt cu, u c hnh lc gic v c bn cao. Ph hp
vi tiu chun hin hnh.
+ Thanh ren bng thp c ren.
7.2.2.14 Mng cp in
Nu yu cu i vi mng cp in, bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc im sau:
- Tiu chun p dng.
- Yu cu v vt liu ch to v hon thin. V d: Mng cp, ph kin lp t v ph
tng: bng thp ph hp vi tiu chun .. hoc s dng thp m km ch to hoc ch
to bng thp sau m km nhng nng.
- Yu cu v sn mng cp. V d: Sn lt theo tiu chun ca nh my, chun b sn ti
hin trng, vi kim loi bng tm catmi ph hp vi tiu chun .hoc s dng sn
Epoxy ln lp sn lt
- Yu cu i vi mng cp bng nhm. Mng cp, ph kin lp t v ph tng bng
nhm ph hp vi tiu chun hin hnh v hp kim nhm.
212
- Nu yu cu i vi ph kin lp t mng cp: ph kin hnh ch T, ch thp, thng

ng, khuu ng v ph kin lp t khc theo quy nh c cng loi vt liu v hon thin
nh mng cp. V d:
+ V vt liu: Cng loi vt liu cng v hon thin nh mng cp.
+ V gi mng cp v b ni, bao gm dy lo lin kt theo ngh ca nh sn
xut
mng cp.
7.2.3 Thi cng lp t
7.2.3.1 Yu cu chung
Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc lp t in, bao gm: Yu cu v tay ngh ca cng
nhn lp t, v s dng vt liu trong lp t, bo v thit b trong qu trnh lp t. V
d:
- Vic lp t h thng lp t in phi do nhng ngi c tay ngh thch hp thc hin.
- Trong qu trnh lp t phI s dng vt liu ng chng loi.
- Trong qu trnh lp t khng c lm thay i cc c tnh k thut ca thit b in.
7.2.3.2 Lp t cp in lc i ngm
a. o v lp rnh cp
Nu yu cu i vi cng tc o v lp rnh cp, bao gm: yu cu i vi y rnh cp,
yu cu v vt liu s dng lp rnh cp, yu cu v cng tc m sau khi lp, yu cu
v x l nn tt yu. V d: y rnh cp phI c san phng v m cht; t, ct dng
lp khng c ln si, v phI l loi khng n mn vt liu ng ng trnh h
hi ng lun cp v cp; Khi lp rnh cp phI m cht, khi gp nn t yu phI c bin
php x l thch hp,
b. Lp t ng lun cp
Nu yu cu i vi ng lun cp, bao gm: yu cu v chng loi ng, yu cu v kh
nng chu lc tc ng, kh nng chng n mn (nu l ng kim loi), kch c ng lun
cp, yu cu v cch lp t, cch ni ng, cch chng thm v chng tc ng nhi. V d:
ng lun cp l ng thp (hoc ng b tng, hoc ng nha) p ng yu cu ca TCVN
7417-1 v TCVN 7417-23. ng ng phI chu c p lc ca phng tin giao thng ;
213
i vi ng kim loi phI c x l chng n mn bng cch qun bng chu n mn

hoc ph lp chng n mn; ng lun cp phI c ng knh trong ln hn 1,5 ng
knh si cp (nu trong ng ch lun 1 cp) hoc 1,5 ln ng knh vng trn ngoi vi b
cp (nu trong ng c nhiu si cp). Khi lp t ng phI gim thiu un ln d
dng lun cp; Mi ni phI chc chn v phI ngn c nc khng cho thm nhp vo
bn trong ng ng,..Khe h tip gip gia ng ng v hp cp ngm hoc ta nh
phI chn kn bng vt liu chuyn dng nc ngm khng r r vo hp cp (hoc ta
nh); i vi trng hp ng cp in ngm I gn (khong cch <30cm) hoc giao
cho vi cp in yu hoc cp quang th phI lun trong ng c kh nng chng chy tt
hoc c mn ngn chy v ht sc trnh s tip xc gia hai h thng cp.
c. Thi cng hp cp ngm
- Nu nhng trng hp cn thit phI b tr hp cp ngm, khong cch gia cc hp cp.
V d: Hp cp ngm cn b tr nhng ni cn cho vic lun cp v rt cp, cn r nhnh
hoc ni cp, khong cch gia cc hp cp khng ln hn 150m (nu l ng thng) v
khng hn 100m (nu c 1 im un 90).
- Nu yu cu v kch thc hp cp, kt cu hp cp ngm. V d: Kch thc hp cp
ngm phI m bo thc hin vic lun cp v rt cp thun tin, c th un cp vi
bn knh un ln hn 8D i vi cp 1 rut v >10D i vi cp nhiu rut; kt cu hp
cp ngm phI cng vng chu c p lc ca phng tin giao thng chy qua (nu
c) phI c chng thm v c np y chc chn, che c nc ma, trong hp cp
ngm khi cn thit phI b tr mng cp, bc thang leo ln xung
d. Ch th ng cp ngm
- Nu yu cu v ch th ng cp ngm, bao gm: yu cu v bin bo, yu cu v tm
ch th v su chn tm ch th. V d: Trn mt t phI t bin ch dn ng in i
ngm nhn bit tuyn ng in ngm, dc theo tuyn cp ngm phI chn tm (dI
bng) ch th lin tc theo sut tuyn cp; dI bng ch th phI c chn su trung
bnh gia mt trn ng v mt t.
e. Thi cng ng cp i ln t tuyn cp ngm
Nu yu cu i vi ng cp I ln t tuyn cp ngm, bao gm: yu cu v che chn,
bo v, yu cu v chng chy, v c nh vo cng trnh. V d: PhI c bin php che
chn phng nga phn cp nm trong t khng b cc phng tin giao thng hoc vt
214
nng vo, i vi phn cp nh ln khi mt t phI c che bng vt liu bn, chu
c thi tit v c kh nng chng chy cao; cao ca kt cu bo v so vi mt t ti
thiu l 2m v phI c c nh vo cng trnh,
f. Lp t cp ngm trong trng hp cp c t trc tip trong t
Nu yu cu i vi trng hp cp c t trc tip trong t, bao gm: yu cu v bo
v cp, su t cp. V d: cp phI t trong kt cu bo v nh mng b tng, hoc
di lp gch, su chn cp ti thiu l 1,2m i vi tuyn cp phI chu tI trng ca
phng tin giao thng v 0,6 m nhng v tr khc.
7.2.3.3 Lp t dy dn
Nu yu cu i vi vic lp t dy dn in, bao gm: Yu cu v u ni, yu cu v
vic nh s k hiu dy dn. V d: Dy dn #c u ni vi nhau v ni dy dn vi
cc thit b in khc theo cch m bo tip xc an ton, tin cy; dy dn sau khi u ni
phi c
nh s k hiu theo tiu chun d nhn bit.
7.2.3.4 Lp t gi cp
- Nu yu cu i vi gi cp, bao gm: yu cu v vt liu ch to, v khong cch
gia cc gi , v c cu gn ln cng trnh. V d: Gi ch to bng thp hnh cn
nng vi kch thc ghi trong bn v, khong cch ti a gia 2 gi theo thit k nhng
khng vt qu 3m. Cc gi c gn vo kt cu to nh bng cc phng php sau
(tr phi c ch nh khc):
- Nu yu cu i vi g: Xit cht np ai c hoc xuyn qua bu lng.
- Nu yu cu i vi b tng mi: ng bu lng chn b tng.
- Nu yu cu i vi khi xy: S dng bu lng c tai i vi khi xy bng gch rng v
bu lng gin n i vi khi xy bng gch c.
- Nu yu cu i vi b tng hin c vi chiu dy l 100 mm hay ln hn: s dng bu
lng gin n hoc bu lng c gn keo
- Nu yu cu i vi thp: bu lng hai u hoc bu lng c ren 1 u cn u kia c
hn vo kt cu thp.
- Nu yu cu i vi thp nh: inh vt cho kim loi tm.
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7.2.3.5 Lp t thit b in
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lp t thit b in, bao gm yu cu v m bo iu kin lm
mt, yu cu v phng tia la in. V d: Tt c cc thit b in phi c lp t sao
cho m bo ch thng thong ti thiu nh yu cu ca nh sn xut; cc thit b in
c kh nng gy ra nhit cao hoc tia la in phi c t hoc c cch ly, che
chn sao cho loi tr c ri ro do chy; cc thit b in c nhit lm vic cao c kh
nng gy bng cho ngi th phi c c cu bo v ngn nga vic tip xc ngu nhin
vi b phn .
- Nu yu cu i vi b mng lp thit b in, bao gm: yu cu v kch thc, cng
b tng, neo thit b vo b b tng. V d: B b tng lp cc thit b phi bo m
kch thc theo qui nh ca thit k nhng khng c nh hn 100 mm so vi thit b
v c hai hng, cng nn ca b tng 28 ngy khng thp hn 200kG/cm2; neo
thit b vo b b tng bng 4 bu lng n M20,....
7.2.3.6 Lp t h thng tip t
- Nu yu cu i vi cng tc thi cng lp t h thng tip t, bao gm: yu cu v vic
ri dy tip t, thi cng thanh tip t, cc tip t, u ni thanh tip t vi dy, V d:
Dy dn in tip t c thi cng theo tuyn chy dc theo con dng ngn nht v
thng nht c th, tr phi c ch nh khc v trnh cc v tr c chng ngi vt lm cho
dy tip t c th b cng ra, va chm hay b h hng; thanh tip t lp cao 50 mm
so vi sn hon thin, tr phi c ch nh khc; cc tip t, lp t ti thiu 3 cc tip t
cch nhau khong cch ti thiu bng chiu di cc v u ni vi dy tip t bng
phng php hn ta nhit hoc xit bu lng.
- Nu yu cu v kim tra sau khi thi cng h thng tip t, bao gm phng php kim
tra, tiu chun nghim thu. V d: Sau khi thi cng h thng tip t v trc khi xng in
vo h thng in phi c th nghim o in tr tip t. o in tr tip t khng
c t hn 2 ngy sau lp t vo cc cc tip t v t khng b m t v bt k l do
no khc ngoi s thot nc t nhin. Th nghim h thng tip t c thc hin ti
cc v tr m trong thit k quy nh.
- H thng tip t ch c nghim thu khi tr s in tr tip t nh hn hoc bng yu
cu ca thit k. V d:
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+ i vi thit b in v h thng chiu sng hoc h thng in ng lc vi cng

sut 500 kVA v nh hn: in tr tip t phi nh hn hoc bng 10 m.
+ i vi thit b in v h thng chiu sng hoc h thng in ng lc vi cng
sut t 500 kVA n 1000KVA: in tr tip t phi nh hn hoc bng 5 m.
- Nu in tr tip t vt qu gi tr quy nh th phi nhanh chng thng bo cho ch
u t bit v a ra kin ngh gim in tr tip t.
217
CHNG 7.3 H THNG IU HA KHNG KH V THNG GI
7.3.1 Nhng vn chung

7.3.1.1 Phm vi
Nu phm vi ch dn k thut ca chng. V d: Chng ny bao gm cc ch dn k
thut lin quan n vic cung cp, lp t v nghim thu h thng iu ha khng kh v
thng gi trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
Nu cc chng ca ch dn k thut c lin quan n ni dung chng ny.
Nu cc ti liu khc cn tham kho khi p dng cc ch dn ca chng ny.
7.3.1.3 Cc nh ngha, thut ng
Nu cc thut ng v nh ngha c s dng trong h thng iu ha khng kh v thng
gi. V d:
- H thng iu ha khng kh: (gi tt l iu ha khng kh) l h thng x l lm mt
(hoc lm nng) khng kh, vn chuyn v phn phi ti ni cn thit. H thng bao gm
ng ng, cc chi tit v cc thit b iu ha.
- Cc chi tit ca h thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh: l cc chi tit nh ct, t,
ch thp, cn, thng p lc tnh, tm hng dng, mt bch v.v
- Ph kin: l cc loi van, ca gi, chp, ca kim tra, l o c, gi treo, gi chng, gi
.
- My lnh kiu t hp: l t hp my lm lnh, thit b ngng t, bay hi v cc thit b
h tr, c lp chung trn cng mt hoc cc b phn cp lnh, cp nng v x l
khng kh cng lp chung trong mt khi nh cc loi t my nc lnh, cc loi my iu
ha khng kh kiu t, kiu ca s
- My lnh kiu n l: cc b phn nh my lm lnh, thit b ngng t, thit b bay hi
v.v c lp t ring r.
- Thit b qut dn lnh cc b (FCU): l dng thit b bao gm c qut v gin lnh,
dng cp khng kh cho phng. Ngun lnh c ly t trm sn xut nc lnh trung
tm.
218
- Thit b qut dn lnh trung tm (AHU): l dng thit b bao gm c qut v gin
lnh. Thit b ny c ni vi h thng ng ng dn khng kh cp vo nhiu v tr
khc nhau trong nh. Ngun lnh c ly t trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
- Trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm (Water chiller): l h thng lm lnh nc cp
cho cc thit b lm mt khng kh.
- ng ng h thng lm lnh: ch chung cc ng, van v cc chi tit ca h thng ng
ti
lnh.
- Mi cht lnh: l hp cht hoc hn hp cht dng lm lnh bng cch bin i trng
thi t th hi sang th lng v ngc li.
- Cht ti lnh: l hp cht hoc dung dch hp cht ti lnh t mi trng c nhit
thp n mi trng c nhit cao hn.
- H thng thng gi: l cc h thng thng gi cp, ht, thi bi, thi kh c. H thng
bao gm ng ng, cc chi tit v thit b.
- ng gi: l ng c ch to bng tm kim loi, tm nha hoc nha ct vi thy tinh.
- Mi ni ca ng gi: l nhng ch ni c mt bch hoc khng c mt bch ca cc on
ng gi.
- B phn ca h thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh: l cc bung x l nhit m
khng kh, b lc khng kh, ng tiu m v b phn ht bi.
- H thng lm sch khng kh: l h thng x l lc khng kh nhm lm sch khng
kh cp vo cc phng theo tiu chun quy nh.
- Lp cch nhit: l lp vt liu cch nhit bn ngoi hoc bn trong ng ng ca h
thng iu ha khng kh v ng ng dn mi cht lnh.
- Lp chng m: l lp vt liu ngn cho lp cch nhit khng b m.
- Lp bo v: l lp vt liu bc pha ngoi v c tc dng bo v lp cch nhit v lp
chng m khi b h hng.
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng di vi h thng iu ha khng kh. V d:
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- TCVN 5687:2008 Thng gi, iu tit khng kh, si m Tiu chun thit k;
- TCXD 232:1999 H thng thng gi, iu ho khng kh v cp lnh - Ch tao, lp t
v nghim thu;
- 20 TCN 175-90 n cho php trong cng trnh cng cng;
- PrEN 12312-17 Thit b iu ha khng kh;
- IEC 60034 v ng c trong h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi;
- IEC 60439 v cung cp v lp t cc thit b;
- ASME i vi l hi v bnh p lc;
- ASME B1.20.1 cho ng c ren v cc ph kn ng c sn xut ti nh my;
- ASME B16.1 i vi van st, u ni van kiu bch;
- ASME B16.10 v ASME B16.34 v cc kch thc thit k van st;
- ASME B16.18 i vi van st, u ni van kiu hn;
- ASME B31 Quy nh v hn cho ng ng chu p lc;
- ARI v chng nhn thit b qut-dn lnh trung tm;
- IEC 60034 Tiu chun v thit b in;
- NFPA 70 khon 100 v Lit k v ghi nhn cc trang thit b in v ph tng;
- NFPA 91 v NFPA 92 v kt cu qut ht khi v qut tng p cu thang ;
- UL778 cho cc ng c bm nc;
- ARI 550/590 Khi x l nc lnh s dng chu trnh nn hi;
- Quy trnh ARI 5754 v quy trnh ARI 370 v nh gi n;
- ASHRAE quy nh cc cng vic v ng ni kt cc thnh phn ca gian my lnh
theo s
lnh;
- ASHRAE 52-76 v cc b lc khng kh;
- ASHRAE v vt liu cch nhit v cch m;
- BS 1387 i vi cc ng dn nc lnh;
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- ASTM B 828 v phng php ni ng bng hn;

- AWS D1.1 v Quy nh hn kt cu thp khi hn cc gi bng thp;
- Tiu chun ASME v l hi v cc thit b p lc, hng mc IX Hn v cht lng hn
hn ng thp...
7.3.1.5 H s/ ti liu cn trnh
- Ti liu k thut ca vt t, thit b (V d: Catalog, cc chng ch c lin quan n vic
ch to, kim tra v th nghim ti nh my trc khi xut xng, cc hng dn lp t,
hiu chnh, vn hnh v bo dng).
- Cc bn v ch to (nu c)
- Cc bn v thi cng lp t:
7.3.2 My v thit b trong h thng iu ha khng kh
7.3.2.1 ng c
a. Yu cu k thut
- Nu tiu chun p dng i vi ng c.
- Nu yu cu v kiu loi v thng s in ca ng c.
- Nu c ch khi ng ca ng c (theo s pha v theo cng su ng c).
- Nu tc quay ca ng c.
- Nu yu cu v cc c tnh m men lc ca ng c.
- Nu yu cu v cp bo v ti thiu (IP) ng c.
- Nu yu cu v bo v qu nhit i vi ng c.
- Nu yu cu i vi cng sut ng c qut dng b truyn ng thay i tc .
- Nu kiu loi ng c qut dng trong mi trng lm vic c nhiu hi nc v t
ngoi tri.
- Nu mc cch nhit ti thiu i vi ng c qut dng cho dn ngng.
- Nu kiu loi v kh nng chu nhit cao ca ng c qut dng cho ht khi khu
vc ct gi lng thc v l nng.
- Nu mc cch nhit i vi ng c t ti ni c nhit cao.
221
- Nu kiu trc ng c v yu cu bi trn trc ng c (theo cng sut ng

c v kch thc trc).
- Nu yu cu v tui th ti thiu ca trc ng c trong iu kin vn hnh lin tc
- Nu v tr gn gi ng c vi b hoc gi .
- Nu kiu loi v v tr lp t cc thit b ng ngt ng c (theo s cc v cng sut
ng c).
- Nu kh nng ngt ca thit b ng ngt ng c (theo cng sut y ti ca ng c).
- Nu yu cu cung cp thit b dng khn cp t cnh thit b.
b. Yu cu lp t
Nu yu cu cn bng in, cn bng ng v c sau khi lp t ng c khng b rung
khi khi ng v vn hnh
7.3.2.2 My iu ha khng kh loi mt cc
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi khi dn lnh - qut
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v my.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch dn trao i nhit.
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch qut dn lnh, kiu loi v cng sut ng c qut, vt liu
ch to trc qut v cch thc truyn chuyn ng t ng c n qut. .
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch b lc gi.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch ngn thu hi nc ngng t.
+ Nu vt liu v quy cch lp bo n b mt khi dn lnh qut.
- i vi khi dn nng lm mt bng khng kh - my nn
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v my.
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch my nn.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch dn trao i nhit.
+ Nu vt liu ch to cnh qut, cch thc truyn chuyn ng t ng c n qut,
yu cu bi trn trc ca ng c v yu cu bo v qu nhit i vi ng c qut.
222
+ Nu vt liu ch to my.
- i vi cc ph kin
+ Nu kiu loi cm bin nhit ca khi dn nng lm mt bng khng kh - my
nn.
+ Nu vt liu ch to, v tr lp t v quy cch b van np gas.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trc khi lp t my iu ha mt cc. V d :
+ Kim tra v hiu chnh cc sai lch ca my do vn chuyn;
+ Kim tra chng ch v ti liu hng dn lp t ca my...
- Nu yu cu i vi gi khi lp t my iu ha mt cc.
- Nu yu cu i vi ca ly gi ngoi ca my v ng thot nc ngng t.
- Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin sau khi lp t my iu ha mt cc. V d :
+ Kim tra s cn bng ca my trn gi ;
+ Tin hnh chy th my v iu chnh...
7.3.2.3 My iu ha khng kh loi hai cc
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung:
+ Nu tiu chun nh gi v kim tra i vi my iu ha hai cc;
+ Nu yu cu v nhit vn hnh lin tc i vi my iu ha hai cc.
- i vi b phn t trong nh (khi dn lnh - qut)
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v my;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch dn trao i nhit;
+ Nu kiu loi qut dn lnh, vt liu ch to trc qut, cch thc truyn chuyn ng
t ng c n qut v kiu loi v cng sut ng c qut;
+ Nu kiu loi, vt liu ch to v quy cch b lc gi;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v yu cu bc cch nhit i vi ngn thu hi nc ngng t;
223
+ Nu vt liu bo n lp b mt khi dn lnh qut;

+ Nu c ch iu khin ca b iu khin.
- i vi b phn t ngoi nh (khi dn nng lm mt bng khng kh - my nn)
+ Nu kiu loi, tc vn hnh ti a i vi my nn, kiu loi ng c ht mi cht
lnh;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch dn ngng;
+ Nu hiu qu trao i nhit ca dn ngng duy tr nhit bo ho ca mi cht
lnh;
+ Nu hiu qu lm mt ti thiu ca dn ngng;
+ Nu yu cu v kh nng chu ng thi tit i vi ng c qut ca dn ngng, yu
cu v ko di tui th v yu cu lp t m bo qut chuyn ng cn bng, c n
nh nht;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v my v gi d m bo lm vic an ton
ngoi tri;
+ Nu yu cu i vi cc b phn trn bng iu khin my iu ha 2 cc nh khi
ng t, r le, t t mt, kho lin ng bo v trong cc trng hp p sut dn ngng
cao; p sut ng ht thp; nhit cun dy my nn cao.
b. Yu cu bo qun v vn chuyn
Nu yu cu i vi vic bo qun v vn chuyn my iu ha hai cc.
c. Yu cu lp t
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu chnh lch chiu cao lp t ti a gia dn lnh, dn ngng;
+ Nu chiu di ti a ca ng ng dn gas.
- i vi b phn t trong nh
+ Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trc khi lp t. V d: Kim tra cc sai lch do
vn chuyn v iu chnh li my, kim tra cc chng ch ca my;
+ Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin sau khi lp t. V d: Kim tra cng tc v tr tt,
kim tra kn ca ng dy ni, kim tra s an ton ca dy ni t, kim tra vng
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chc ca my trn b hoc gi , kim tra kn kht ca cc mi ni ca ng thot

nc ngng t, kim tra cu ch cp in theu yu cu ca my, cp in cho my, theo di
vic vn hnh my v iu chnh my khi cn thit
- i vi b phn t ngoi nh
+ Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trc khi lp t. V d: Kim tra v hiu chnh sai
lch ca my do vn chuyn, kim tra lng dch mi cht lnh np sn trong my, nu
lng dch khng cn th phi kim tra r r ca ng ng bn trong my;
+ Nu yu cu v vt liu xy dng v kch thc b my khi my c t trn mt
t;
+ Nu yu cu v thng thong ti v tr lp t my;
+ Nu yu cu che chn bo v b phn t ngoi nh;
+ Nu yu cu bc cch nhit v vt liu bc cch nhit ng ng lnh;
+ Nu yu cu bc cch nhit v vt liu bc cch nhit ng thot nc ngng t;
+ Nu yu cu ht chn khng i vi ng ng v b phn bn trong nh;
+ Nu quy trnh ni v hn ng ng lnh, yu cu lm sch v gia cng ng ng v
yu cu bo v lp sn ca my khi hn ng;
+ Nu cc cng tc cn thc hin sau khi lp t. V d: Kim tra cn bng my; Kim
tra li ton b h thng; Sy my nn theo thi gian quy nh;
+ Nu thi gian chy th my sau khi lp t h thng n nh v yu cu kim tra
qu trnh tra dch mi cht lnh vo my.
7.3.2.4 My iu ha khng kh VRV
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi b phn t trong nh (khi dn lnh - qut)
+ Nu vt liu ch to v yu cu bc cch nhit i vi v my;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch dn trao i nhit ca dn lnh;
+ Nu kiu loi qut, vt liu ch to trc qut v cch thc truyn ng t ng c n
qut dn lnh;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch b lc gi;
225
+ Nu c ch iu khin ca b iu khin;
+ Nu yu cu v vt liu cch nhit lp b mt khi dn lnh - qut.
- i vi b phn t ngoi nh (khi dn nng lm mt bng khng kh - my nn)
+ Nu kiu loi my nn;
+ Nu kiu loi qut;
+ Nu c ch iu khin tn s my nn.
- i vi b phn t ngoi nh (khi dn nng lm mt bng nc - my nn)
+ Nu kiu loi my nn;
+ Nu kiu loi bm nc gii nhit;
+ Nu c ch iu khin tn s my nn;
+ Nu kiu loi thp gii nhit.
b. Yu cu lp t
- i vi b phn t trong nh: Xem phn Lp t b phn t trong nh ca iu
7.3.2.3 ca ti liu ny.
- i vi b phn t ngoi nh: Xem phn Lp t b phn t ngoi nh ca iu
7.3.2.3 ca ti liu ny.
7.3.2.5 Thit b qut dn lnh cc b (FCU)
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu yu cu cung cp thit b quat - dn lnh cc b;
+ Nu kiu loi dn lnh cc b;.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v vt liu cch nhit v bc dn lnh cc b;
+ Nu vt liu ch to cnh tn nhit ca dn lnh cc b;
+ Nu kiu loi, chiu dy, quy cch tm np dn lnh. v yu cu vt liu cch nhit
tm np dn lnh.
- i vi qut
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+ Nu kiu loi, v tr lp t v cch thc truyn chuyn ng t ng c n qut;

+ Nu yu cu v cng sut, lu lng v vn tc thi gi ti a ca qut.
+ Nu kiu loi, yu cu bi trn v tui th ca trc qut.
- i vi h thm: Nu yu cu i vi h thm v vic lp kho ca v vic d tip cn
cc b phn bn trong..
- i vi ng thot nc ngng t
+ Nu vt liu ch to ng thot nc ngng t;
+ Nu yu cu bc cch nhit ng thot nc ngng t trnh ng sng
- i vi gi, b my
Nu vt liu ch to v yu cu v chiu cao gi v b my.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu v chn chn khi lp t thit b qut - dn lnh cc b v yu cu v vic
kim tra cc mi ni ca ng ng cp v tun hon nc lnh vo thit b;
- Nu yu cu lp t qut - dn lnh cc b: Xem phn Lp t b phn t trong nh
trong iu 7.3.2.3 ca ti liu ny.
7.3.2.6 Thit b qut dn lnh trung tm (AHU)
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu yu cu i vi nh thu i vi vic cung cp v lp t thit b qut - dn lnh
trung tm (v tiu chun chng nhn thit b, v danh mc cc b phn cu thnh thit
b...);
+ Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic cung cp thit b d phng.
- i vi v, khung v thn thit b
+ Nu yu cu gia c v v khung thit b;
+ Nu vt liu ch to lp m lt t gia cc khung;
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+ Nu chng loi, chiu dy tm vt liu ch to v s lp v, khung thit b (theo c

p sut thp, trung bnh,cao v kch thc v, khung, khong thng v cc khoang trong
thn ca thit b);
+ Nu v tr bc cch nhit, yu cu v loi vt liu, chiu dy, mt , dn nhit ca
lp bc cch nhit i vi thit b qut-dn lnh trung tm;
- i vi ca vo ca thit b
+ Nu kch thc, chiu m ca ra vo ca thit b;
+ Nu quy cch cc ca vo thit b (v vic gia c tng cng, v tay nm ca, v cch
thc lin kt vi thit b lm lnh v v loi m lt xung quanh ca).
- i vi dn lnh trung tm
+ Nu tiu chun chng nhn i vi dn lnh trung tm;
+ Nu v tr lp t dn lnh trung tm so vi lung khng kh i qua dn m bo
thot nhanh chng nc ngng t b mt dn;
+ Nu cch thc bo v cc u ng ca dn lnh;
+ Nu vt liu ch to, ng knh ng dn ca b trao i nhit; nu s l nhm tn
nhit c b tr trn mi cm, vt liu ch to v kch c cc u ng.
- i vi qut
+ Nu tiu chun lp rp v kim tra i vi qut;
+ Nu kiu loi qut v quy cch qut (i vi thit b c lu lng kh thay i v
thit b c lu lng kh khng i);
+ Nu yu cu lp t van iu tit trn mi qut m bo qu trnh hot ng n
nh ca cc qut mc song song (i vi thit b lp nhiu qut);
+ Nu v tr lp t tc k cho qut;
+ Nu vt liu ch to cc bnh rng v trc xon ca qut;
+ Nu bin php lin kt cc b phn qut bng thp vi cc tm bng thp m km;
+ Nu cng sut ti thiu ca ng c qut;
+ Nu kiu loi v cng sut b truyn ng qut;
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+ Nu vt liu ch to v tiu ch la chn cc bnh ai ca b truyn ng qut;

+ Nu vt liu ch to, kch c li bo v ai, bnh a, m bo kh nng d tip cn
iu chnh ai;
+ Nu kiu loi, tui th v yu cu bi trn i vi trc qut.
- i vi b lc khng kh
+ Nu cu to v quy cch b lc khng kh;
+ Nu hiu qu lc ca b lc khng kh.
- i vi khay hng
+ Nu cu to v quy cch khay hng;
+ Nu chiu dy, mt lp vt liu cch nhit khay hng.
- i vi gi chng, gi , gi treo
+ Nu yu cu lp t gi cho ng ng ht, thi ni vi my nn kh;
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu v tnh chc chn khi lp t thit b qut - dn lnh trung tm.
- Nu yu cu kim tra cc mi ni ca ng ng cp v tun hon nc lnh vo thit b.
- Nu yu cu lp t gi cho ng ng ng c ng knh < 20 mm v tr ca van.
- Nu v tr t ng ng nc lnh khi hai ng ng b tr song song.
- Nu vt liu ch to v kch c lp m t gia ng ng c bc cch nhit vi gi
chng, gi , gi treo.
- Nu yu cu lp t thit b qut - dn lnh trung tm: Xem phn Lp t b phn t
trong nh trong mc 7.3.2.3 ca ti liu ny.
7.3.2.7 Trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm (WC)
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu kiu loi trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm;
+ Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic cung cp v lp t trm sn xut nc lnh
trung tm;
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+ Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic kim tra, th nghim v nh gi ti nh my

cc b phn cu thnh v ton b trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
- i vi my nn
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch my nn;
+ Nu c ch kim sot cng sut lnh ca my nn;
+ Nu kiu loi ng c my nn v cch thc ni kt ng c vi my nn;
+ Nu c ch lm mt v bo v qu ti ng c my nn;
+ Nu yu cu i vi phin lc du ca h thng bi trn ca thit b.
- i vi b trao i nhit
+ Nu yu cu cung cp v kim nghim p sut bnh bay hi;
+ Nu yu cu cung cp v kim nghim p sut bnh ngng;
+ Nu tiu chun p dng i vi cc v tr kt ni dn nc lnh ra ca bnh bay
hi v bnh ngng;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v bnh bay hi v bnh ngng;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch ng trao i nhit ca bnh bay hi v bnh ngng;
+ Nu vt liu ch to, chiu dy v quy cch lp bc cch nhit bnh bay hi;
+ Nu yu cu lm sch bnh bay hi v bnh ngng;
+ Nu kiu dng v p sut lm vic thit k ca ngn cha nc.
- Nu c ch lm vic ca chu trnh mi cht lnh.
- Nu loi vt liu cch nhit b mt lnh.
- Nu kiu loi van x kh.
- i vi h thng iu khin
+ Nu cc chc nng ti thiu ca h thng iu khin;
+ Nu kiu loi, cp bo v v quy cch t iu khin;
+ Nu kiu mn hnh hin th trng thi v cc chc nn hin th trng thi thit b;
+ Nu cc ch iu khin.(bng tay, t ng, khi ng li bng tay...);
230
+ Nu kiu loi, cu to v cp bo v b iu khin t kn;

+ Nu thng s in ca ngun cp in cho mch iu khin;
+ Nu yu cu i vi r le qu ti. ca thit b sn xut nc lnh trung tm;
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch b iu khin sao-tam gic.
- Nu yu cu chun on v bo li i vi mn hnh, b iu khin v van tit lu.
- Nu yu cu v vic lp t cc b phn cn thit nhm bo v thit b chng li cc s
c nh: mt gas; chiu quay ca my nn b o ngc. nhit nc lnh qu thp; p
sut du thp; p sut u y ca my nn qu cao; qu ti nhit; qu ti in; mt pha v
mt cn bng v dng in.
- Nu yu cu v ngun cp in cho trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
b. Yu cu vn chuyn v bo qun
- Nu nhit vn chuyn v bo qun i vi trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
- Nu yu cu k t, neo buc, che chn bo v khi vn chuyn v lp t trm sn xut
nc lnh trung tm.
c. Yu cu lp t
- i vi trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm
+ Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trc khi lp t trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
V d: i chiu v kim tra kiu loi, quy cch, cc chi tit, b phn, ti liu i km v
dng c chuyn dung; Kim tra tnh trng b mt my chnh, cc cm, chi tit, b phn c
b khuyt tt hoc hoen g khng; Kim tra bc du c y khng. Sau khi m thng
hang kim tra xong, thit b phi c bo v an ton;
+ Nu yu cu k thut khi xy mng my (vch tuyn, nh kch thc, t ct thp,
t bu lng ch, ming k, b tng, bo dng b tng...);
+ Nu yu cu v khng cn bng theo cc chiu (ngang, dc) ca thn thit b trn
mng;
+ Nu yu cu i vi hng di chuyn gia khng kh v cht lm lnh;
+ Nu yu cu bt kn cc khe h, tiu thot nc ngng t xung quanh mng thit b;
+ Nu vng thp nht i vi cc ming m cao su chng rung;
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+ Nu yu cu lm sch trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm sau khi lp t (i vi trm

sn xut nc lnh trung tm kiu piston c bo v bng du v trm sn xut
nc lnh trung tm c bo v bng th kh);
+ Nu yu cu kim tra v ra sch van cu ni v b lc trong h thng lm lnh.
- i vi cc thit b ph tr ca trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm
Nu yu cu lp t cc thit b ph tr (v v tr lp t, khng thng ng ca trm t
ng v khng nm ngang ca thit b t nm ngang; hng dc v dc ca thit b
bay hi, bnh cha th lng...).
- i vi vic u ni trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm
+ Nu yu cu u ni ng ng vo bnh bay hi v vo bnh ngng t;
+ Nu yu cu u ni ng ng ra khi bnh bay hi v ra khi bnh ngng t;
+ Nu yu cu u ni van x kh cho ng ng mi cht lnh;
+ Nu yu cu ni dy cho trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm;
+ Nu yu cu ni t cho trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm.
7.3.2.8 Thp giI nhit
a. Yu cu k thut
- Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic cung cp, kim tra, kim nghim ti nh my thp
gii nhit.
- Nu cc b phn cu thnh ca thp gii nhit.
- Nu mc tn tht nc ca thp gii nhit.
- Nu vt liu cch nhit v yu cu cch m i vi qut ca thp gii nhit.
- Nu bin php bo v chng n mn b phn bng thp ca b ht.
- Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v thp gii nhit.
- Nu vt liu ch to qut lm mt ca thp gii nhit.
- Nu kiu loi, quy cch v cp bo v ng c qut lm mt.
- Nu cch truyn chuyn ng t ng c n qut.
232
- Nu vt liu ch to gi v li che chn ng c, b truyn.

- Nu vt liu ch to dn phun v u phun.
- Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch khi m v gi khi m.
- Nu vt liu ch to li chn cn trng.
- Nu vt liu ch to bn nc.
- Nu vt liu ch to chn thp.
- Nu vt liu ch to thang.
- Nu vt liu ch to l ni ng.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu v tr lp t v n nh khi lp t thp gii nhit.
- Nu hng v v tr lp t ca ming ng ra v ming phun.
- Nu yu cu phng chng chy n khi lp t thp gii nhit bng nha ct vi thu tinh
hoc dng ch phm nha lm vt liu nhi vo.
7.3.3 ng ng h thng lm lnh
7.3.3.1 ng ng nc
a. Yu cu k thut
- Nu cc loi ng ng nc trong h thng. V d: ng ng nc bao gm ng
ng cho h thng cc trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm, ng ng nc b sung cho h
thng ny, ng ng thot nc ngng v ng ng x trn.
- Nu yu cu v kch thc ng ng nc v vic i ng. V d: Kch thc ng ng
nc v vic i ng tun theo quy nh trong bn v k thut hoc theo ch nh.
- Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch cc ng ng nc. V d:
+ Cc ng ng nc lnh c lm t thp en Schedule 40 hoc t thp ng hng
nng theo BS 1387;
+ Cc ng thot nc ngng t trn trn l ng PVC c p lc lm vic t nht l 8 bar
(PN8) v c bc cch nhit;
233
+ Cc ng ng thot nc thi, cc ng ng cp nc b sung v cc ng thng

hi l loi ng trng km hng B theo BS 1387.
b. Yu cu vn chuyn, bo qun v gia cng
Nu yu cu vn chuyn, bo qun v gia cng ng ng. V d:
- Cc ng ng c vn chuyn cn trng trch bp mp v sy st b mt.
- Ch c cc ng ng mi, sch, khng b li mi c chp nhn, tr khi c quy nh
khc.
- ng ng phi c bo qun ti ni kh ro, trnh xa nhng ni c th gy nhim.
- ng ng phi c ct bng my, u ct phi vung gc vi trc ng ng v khng
lm mo tit din ngang ng. ng ng phi c ct ti nhng ni kh ro v nm cch
xa cc vt liu c th gy nhim. Vic gia cng ng ng phi tun theo cc yu cu k
thut v chng n mn v sn, cch nhit, cch in, n v rung, v nghim
thu v chy th.
- ng ng phi c lm sch trc khi lp t. Cc mt ng phi c lm sch c
bn trong ln bn ngoi.
c. Yu cu lp t
Nu yu cu lp t ng ng nc. V d:
- Cc ng ng phi c lp t ti cc v tr c ch ra trn bn v.
- Khi lp t, ng ng phi che khut ti cc v tr c giu, tr khi c lp t trong
cc phng t thit b v cc khu vc bo dng v tr khi c ch dn khc.
- ng ng c lp t ngoi tri, trong cc phng t thit b v ti cc khu vc
bo dng ti cc gc nh phi i song song vi tng ca to nh, tr nhng trng hp
c bit c ch ra. Khppng cho php ng ng i cho.
- Lp t ng ng pha trn cc trn phi m bo khong khng c th tho cc tm
trn gi.
- ng ng c lp t phi c dc 0,2% theo hng thot nc. Lp t ng ng
ti cc ng dc phi tun theo dc c quy nh trong bn v.
- Lp t cc ng lng cho cc ng ng i xuyn qua tng, trn gi v sn, cc ng
ng i qua b tng v tng va gch, vch ngn thch cao, sn b tng v mi.
234
- S dng tm chn la gi ngn la cc tng vch ngn, trn gi, sn ch ra ti v

tr ng ng i xuyn qua. Bt v tr ng i xuyn qua bng cc vt liu ngn la.
- Lp t ng ng sao cho khng b vng hoc cong.
- Lp t ng ng phi m bo cho vic bc cch nhit sau ny cng nh vic vn
hnh, sa cha cc van.
- Lp t ng ng thot nc gm mt ni T, van cu DN20 v ng lng c u bt
DN20, ti im thp ca h thng ng chnh theo yu cu ca h thng thot nc.
- Lp t cc ng r nhnh t ng ng chnh bng cch s dng cc u ni ng ch T,
ni thng xung pha di ca ng ng chnh. Vi cc ng x thng ng, lp t cc
u ni ch T ni thng xung mt trn ca ng ng chnh.
- Cc ng ng khng c gy rung v gy n trn mc cho php, c lp t cng vi
cc b gin n hoc b co ngt v khng lm nh hng n s di chuyn ca cc thit b,
cc dn
nng lnh v cc ng ng khc hoc n ca i hoc ca s.
- ng ng cn c kim tra t yu cu trc khi bo n hoc che khut.
- Cc lp t c bit cho ng ng nc:
+ Lp t cc van x kh bng tay ti cc im v tr cao trn ng ng ca dn trao
i nhit v nhng ni c yu cu h thng x kh;
+ Lp t cc van x kh t ng cc phng t thit b ti cc im cao ca ng
ng, dn trao i nhit v nhng ni c yu cu h thng x kh;
+ Lp t cc b cha nc d phng (bnh gin n) v knh thu, van x pha di
ca b. Lp t cc ph kin cho b ti y b v a nc vo b.
+ Lp t cc gi cho b t sn hoc tng pha trn vi vng m bo gi c
trng lng ca b, cc ni ng v ph kin, cng vi trng lng ca nc khi y b.
Khng lm qu ti cc b phn kt cu ca to nh.
d. Yu cu ni ng
- Nu yu cu v s mi. V d: S mi ni ng ng trong h thng phi l ti thiu;
- Nu cc loi mi ni v ni p dng. V d:
235
+ Cc mi ni c nh, vnh cu thng l cc mi ni bng hn ng thau i vi

ng ng ng;
+ Cc mi ni khng vnh cu thng dng cho cc thit b thng cha, y x cn,
van ni mm. Cc mi ni khng vnh cu cho php tho ng ra mt cch d dng m
khng lm gin on s lm vic ca thit b hoc ng ng khc. Cc mi ni khng
vnh cu thng bao gm:
a) Mi ni bng hn kh cho cc ng c ng knh nh hn hoc bng 20mm;
b) Mi ni bng ren cho cc ng c ng knh nh hn hoc bng 50mm hoc cho
cc ng c chiu dy ph hp vi ng knh nh hn hoc bng 50mm. Tt c cc
mi ni bng ren cn c chng rung bng cc lp m php;
c) Mi ni bch dng ni cc ng c ng knh bt k.
- Nu yu cu i vi mi ni bng hn ng. V d: Mi ni bng hn ng phi:
+ Tun theo BS 1723;
+ L loi chp i u vi vic s dng ng lng (mng xng) c gia cng bng
my hoc dng thit b lm loe 1 u ng ti im ni. Chiu di ng lng ti thiu bng
ng knh ng
hoc ti a l 25mm;
+ Do th c tay ngh thc hin, s dng nhit, cht ph gia v ng thau mc ti
thiu;
+ c thc hin khi cc mi ni c lm sch v chun b k cng.
- Nu yu cu i vi mi ni bng hn hi. V d:
+ Ni bng hn hi khng dng cho ng ng rung ng;
+ Cc v tr cui cng ca ng cn hn nng v ngui thch hp, ng thi u ng
phi c ct bng my.
- Nu yu cu i vi mi ni bng ren. V d: Mi ni bng ren phi:
+ To mt cho ch ni;
+ C cc u bt ren su cnh.
- Nu yu cu i vi mi ni bng cc mt bch. V d: Cc mt bch phi:
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+ Tun theo BS 10 bng E hoc ni cc mt bch cho cc thit b hoc cc van ph hp

nhit v p sut ca h thng c lp t;
+ c lm t vt liu ph hp vi ng ng c ni;
+ Tt c cc mi ni bch phi thng thnh tng hng v c thc hin vi cc vng
ni gp np c hai mt vi hp cht ni yu cu;
+ C cc tm m gi cc mt bch;
+ Cc bch c bt bng cc bu lng, ai c v vng m m km. Tt c cc bu lng
phi l loi thp 6 cnh tun theo BS 28 hoc tiu chun tng ng c duyt.
7.3.3.2 ng ng mi cht lnh
a. Yu cu k thut
- Nu yu cu v kch c ng ng. V d: Kch c cc ng c ch ra trong bn v;
- Nu yu cu v thit k ng ng. V d:
+ ng ng c thit k v b tr m bo du c th quay tr li my nn bao
gm cc by du, b phn tch, ng cha du, b sy du v cc iu kin cn thit
duy tr hiu qu ca my nn;
+ ng ng c thit k theo mch vng c mc tn tht p sut khng vt qu
40kPa gia my nn v dn ngng, 20kPa gia dn bay hi v my nn, 20 kPa gia dn
ngng v dn bay hi. V khng c bt k mt ct no c di ti hn gy ra xung
ng theo nhp m c th nhn thy c.
- Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch ng ng. V d: S dng ng ng tun theo
ASHRAE loi K hoc tt c cc quy nh tng ng. ng ng ng c dng c
chiu dy thnh nh hn yu cu ca ASHRAE.
b. Yu cu gia cng v lp t
- Nu yu cu gia cng ng ng trong h thng Freon. V d: Khi gia cng, lp t
ng ng trong h thng Freon, cn m bo yu cu sau:
+ B mt ca mt ct ng ng phi bng phng, trn, nhn, khng c li lm. Sai
s cho php v khng bng phng ca mt ct l 1% ng knh ng;
+ ng ng v ng hp kim c th un nng hoc un ngui, e lp khng ln hn
8%;
237
+ Ming ng ng sau khi lt bin phi m bo ng tm, khng c khe nt, phn
tng hoc khuyt tt khc;
+ ng ng c th c hn ni, hn lng ghp hoc hn c ng lng, nu hn lng
ghp th chiu di lng ghp khng c nh hn ng knh ng, hng m rng ng
phi tun theo chiu ca cht chuyn ng trong ng;
+ Nu c nhiu nhm ng ghp theo dy song song th bn knh un cong phi bng
nhau, c ly, chiu dc, dc phi thng nht.
- Nu yu cu lp t ng ng dn mi cht lnh. V d:
+ Khng lp ng ng dn mi cht lnh ngc ln trnh hnh thnh ti kh hoc
vng xung trnh hnh thnh ti th lng;
+ Trn ng ng dn mi cht, cc ng nhnh cn c ni vi ng chnh pha di
y hoc bn cnh ng;
+ ng ng mi cht lnh khi xuyn qua tng hoc sn phi c ng lng bng thp,
mch hn khng c trong ng lng. Khe h gia ng ng vi ng lng phi c
bt kn bng vt liu cch nhit hoc vt liu khng chy;
+ ng ng mi cht lnh ni gia cc thit b phi m bo cc yu cu k thut v
dc v chiu dc ca ng ng.
7.3.3.3 Van
a. Yu cu k thut
- Nu yu cu v ch to van. V d:
+ Van phi c ch to chc chn, b phn iu chnh phi linh hot, chnh xc, tin
cy v phi nh du chiu ng, m;
+ Vi van nhiu l th cnh l phi kht, c ly u n. Cnh van khi ng li phi tht
kn kht, m bo ngn c dng chy theo p sut quy nh ca h thng;
+ Trc ca van hm phi linh hot, cnh van ng li phi kn kht, phm v tr quay
phi c lm t vt liu khng b n mn.
- Nu yu cu v kch c van. V d: Kch c van c quy nh c th trong bn v.
- Nu yu cu v vic cung cp van. V d:
238
+ Van cng loi phi c cung cp bi cng mt nh ch to;

+ Van phi c du nhn dng trn thn: Tn nh ch to hoc tn thng hiu, di p
sut v hng dng chy.
- i vi van cng
Nu vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van cng (theo kch c van). V d:
+ Van cng c < 50 mm: Thn van v a van bng ng vi nm dn hng bng
ng, u ni hn;
+ Van cng c > 65 mm: Thn van bng gang v a van bng ng.vi nm dn hng
bng ng, u ni bch.
- i vi van cu v van gc
Nu vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van cu v van gc (theo kch c
van). V d:
+ Van cu v van gc c < 50 mm: Thn van bng ng, c , a van bng van bng
ng thic hoc phi kim, c lp vi bnh li bng nhm trng men v u ni hn hoc
ni ren;
+ Van cu v van gc c > 65 mm: Thn van bng gang, phao bng ng, v a c
th thay th, np c bt bu lng v u ni bch.
- i vi van bi
Nu kiu loi, vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van bi. V d: Thn van l
loi mt hoc hai tm bng ng thau hoc ng thic, bi bng ng m crm, l van kiu
y vi vi chnh hng, ni hn hoc ni ren.
- i vi van bm
Nu vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van bm (theo kch c van). V d:
+ Van bm c < 50 mm: Thn van bng ng vi a van bng nhm-ng, st koiron hoc thp khng r, u ni ren;
+ Van bm c > 65 mm: Thn van bng thp khng r vi a van bng nhm-ng
thic, st ko hoc thp khng r, u ni bch.
- i vi van xoay mt chiu
239
Nu vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van xoay mt chiu (theo kch c

van). V d:
+ Van xoay mt chiu c < 50 mm: Thn van bng ng thic vi a van bng ng
thic hoc phi kim, u ni hn hoc u ni hn hoc ni ren;
+ Van xoay mt chiu c > 65 mm: Thn van bng st hoc gang, a van bng ng,
v a c th thay th v ni bch.
- i vi van cn bng
Nu cng dng ca van cn bng. V d: Cc loi van cn bng dng cn bng v o
lu lng dng chy vi chnh xc 5% trn ton b di lu lng t 10%
100%.hoc cn bng p sut trn cc nhnh ng ng nc. C 2 loi l van cn bng
bng tay v van cn bng t ng. Van cn bng bng tay thng c b tr cc ng
nhnh o p sut xc nh dng chy v mt ca c thang chia hiu chnh dng chy.
Van cn bng t ng thng c gi l van t ng khng ch lu lng. Van c mt
chi tit iu chnh tit din ca thot nh hiu p ca nc qua van.
- i vi van x
Nu kiu loi, vt liu ch to cc b phn v kiu u ni ca van x (theo kch c van).
V d:
+ Van x kiu van cu: Thn bng ng, a kiu nn dng, u ni kiu nm v hoc
kiu ng;
+ Van x kiu van bi: Thn bng ng, u ni kiu m.
+ Van x kh bng tay: Thn van bng ng thau hoc cc vt liu khc khng phi st,
c p sut danh nh l p sut ln nht gia PN16 v 2 ln p sut lm vic, c iu
khin bng tay nh t l vt hoc vt tai hng, c u ni ren DN15;
+ Van x kh t ng: Van x kh t ng dng x kh t ng theo nguyn l s
dng phao, thn bng ng hoc bng cc vt liu khc khng phi st, c p sut danh
nh l p sut ln nht gia PN16 v 2 ln p sut lm vic, c u vo DN15.
- i vi van ca h thng x l ha cht:
Nu vt liu ch to ca van h thng x l ha cht. V d: Van ca h thng x l ha
cht c lm t PVC v ni bch.
240
b. Yu cu lp t
Nu yu cu lp t van. V d:
- Khi lp t, thn van phi v tr thng ng hay nm ngang. Khng lp t thn van
v tr
o ngc.
- Khi lp van an ton trn ng ng mi cht lnh: u cui ng ng t van an ton
cn
c t theo quy nh ca bn v, ca x phi t ng v tr quy nh. Gia van an ton
v thit b nu c t van chn th trong khi vn hnh phi hon ton m v phi c
kp ch.
- V tr, phng, chiu v cao khi lp t van phi ph hp vi quy nh ca bn v,
khng c lp ngc chiu.
- Khi lp van chn c tay cm th tay cm khng c hng xung di. u cc van
in t, van iu tit, van n nhit, van hm kiu ln xung u phi thng ng ln trn.
- Cc van iu tit nhit v u cm bin nhit phi c t ng v tr theo yu cu k
thut. u cm bin phi c tip xc tt vi ng ng v c bc cch nhit m bo.
- Cc van x kh bng tay hoc t ng c t ti cc im trn cao trn ng ng,
dn trao i nhit v nhng ni c yu cu h thng x kh.
7.3.3.4 Cc chi tit ng ng h thng lm lnh
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi ct: Ct c bn knh ti thiu bng 1,5 ln ng knh ng, b mt bn trong phi
nhn v chu c p lc nh h thng ng ng.
- i vi cn:
+ Cn l chi tit dng thay i ng knh ng v dng ni cc ng ng c cc
ng knh khc nhau;
+ Cn c th l cn thng hoc cn lch tm nhng ni cn thit lp cc van x
cn v x kh ca h thng ng ng.
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- i vi u ni ng ch T (chc ba), ch thp (chc t): u ni ng ch T, ch thp

c dng chia lu lng cc ng hoc i thng v phi c p sut lm vic nh
h thng ng ng.
- i vi ng ni ch U: Cc im un cong ca ng ni ch U phi:
+ C bn knh cong ti thiu bng 1,5 ln ng knh ng;
+ C mt ct khng b mo;
+ C kh nng chu p sut tng ng vi kh nng chu p sut ca ng ng m
n c lp vo.
- i vi ng lng (mng xng):
+ ng lng c lm t thp trng km dy 5mm v c hn vo cc ng ng
chng r r khi ng ng i qua tng v v thit b;
+ ng lng phi c t nh ra ngoi 50mm c hai bn tng, vi u loe ra khi
tip xc b mt ngoi ca v thit b. ng knh ca ng lng ln hn ng knh ca
ng ng v lp bo n l 10mm v c gn kn vi v thit b v cc l xuyn ca
tng bn ngoi nh.
- i vi tm bt:
+ Tm bt dng ni vo on cui ca ng khi i qua tng;
+ Tm bt c lm t thp trng km dy 1mm. Tm bt cn c lm nhn trc khi
gn vo ng ng v trc khi cc mi ni c thc hin v c bt ren gn vo
tng.
b. Yu cu lp t
Xem cc mc c lin quan trong cc iu 7.3.3.1 v 7.3.3.2 ca ti liu ny.
7.3.3.5 Cc ph kin ng ng h thng lm lnh
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi cc mi ni gin n: Nu yu cu i vi mi ni gin n. V d:
+ Cc gi tr p sut v nhit ca mi ni gin n phi ph hp vi h thng ng
ng;
242
+ C cu b gin n c lm t thp gp np 2 lp, thp khng r hoc hp kim ng

t trong v bc vi thanh dn ni b, thit b kh m men v kp nh v tho ra c.
Thp c dng hnh ng. Thp gp np 2 lp c ai bng thp cc bon;
+ Mi ni gin n bng cao su tun theo ASTM F1123. Cao su c tng cng kiu
khung, loi cu n hoc cu kp;
+ ng ni mm c lp rp ti nh my vi 2 u kim loi c bn knh ln, un 180
hoc mt ct gia ca ng ni mm c ct u vo v u ra, gp np kim loi u vo,
c vin xung quanh;
+ Mi ni gin n mm cho ng thp: u ni c lm t thp cc bon, ng thp
c lm t thp khng r n, v bc ngoi l thp khng r. Ni ren vi ng knh
<
DN 50 v ni bch vi ng knh > DN65.

- i vi thanh dn hng: Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch thanh dn hng. V d:
Thanh dn hng c lm t thp, c ch to ti nh my, t sn cc thanh ren dn
hng v ni vi ng.
- i vi b cha nc: Nu phng php, vt liu ch to v quy cch b cha nc. V
d: B cha nc c gia cng bng phng php hn thp khng r c dy 3mm,
thanh bo mc vi 2 van kho bng tay, ng h o mc bng knh c ng knh 20mm,
tm chn bo v, u ni thot nc, x kh v khe nc.
- i vi lc cn ch Y: Lc cn ch Y: Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch lc cn ch Y. V
d: C thn c lm t gang c p sut danh ngha l p sut ln nht gia PN16 v 2 ln
p sut lm vic; ni ren cho ng knh < DN50 v ni bch cho ng knh > DN65; c
thanh ren, ngn cha bng thp khng r v khe thot nc pha di.
- i vi cc gi : Nu vt liu ch to, quy cch gi . V d:
+ Gi c lm t st v c sn km;
+ Gi c php di chuyn trong nhng khong cch thch hp cho php gin n
hoc co ngt theo hng c iu khin m khng lm nh hng n ng ng v bo
n;
+ Gi c b tr sao cho c th chu c p lc v ti trng khi gin n hoc co
ngt. Trng lng ca ng ng v cc chi tit ca ng ng khng c vt qu ti
243
trng an ton ca gi , ca kt cu v thit b m ng ng ni ti v ca chnh bn

thn ng ng;
+ Khng lp b phn chng rung vo gi v kt cu ca gi phi kho gi
c ng ng;
+ u ng ng c bo n, phi s dng vnh ai bo v c m lt lm t vt
liu c mt cao. Vng ai c t chng r r kh theo yu cu nh i vi lp bo n.
- i vi cc neo : Nu quy cch cc neo . V d: Cc neo phi c kh nng:
+ Cung cp lc phn hi chng li cc lc do co gin ti cc v tr m cc lc c th
c mt cch y . Cn b tr khong trng hp l t cc b gin n, ph hp
vi mi tit din ca mi ng ng;
+ c hn vi thp v ng ng PVC;
+ c ni bng ai m vi ng ng;
+ Cn lp cc b khng ch ti nhng ch thay i hng v ni ng;
+ c lin kt bng bu lng v hn vi kt cu gi m khng to ra cc im ni
trong kt cu;
+ c bt vi ng m khng gy ra rung.
b. Yu cu lp t
Nu yu cu lp t cc ph kin ca ng ng h thng lm lnh. V d:
- Lp t cc b cha nc d phng (bnh gin n) v knh thu, van x pha di ca
b.
Lp t cc ph kin cho b ti y b v a nc vo b.
- Cc gi treo bnh ngng s c lp t theo kch thc ca ng bng bu lng v inh vt
m khng m xuyn qua lp bo n bn ngoi.
- Cc gi cho b t sn hoc tng pha trn vi vng m bo gi c trng lng
ca b, cc ni ng v ph kin, cng vi trng lng ca nc khi y b. Khng lm qu
ti cc kt cu v cc b phn cu thnh ca ta nh.
7.3.3.6 My bm nc ly tm
244
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi bm ly tm thn lin, u ht v y nm trn mt trc:
Nu kiu loi v quy cch bm. V d:
+ L loi bm ly tm thn lin, u ht v y nm trn mt trc, c thit k cho
bm v trc ca ng c t nm ngang hoc thng ng, c sn xut v th nghim ti
nh my;
+ ng c ca bm l loi 1 tc , cc vng bi c bi trn vnh cu v c gn
cng vi v bm;
+ V bm c dng trn, lm t gang c, c vng b mn bng ng c th thay th
c. u ht v u x c to ren sn hoc c th ni bch;
+ Bnh cng tc c lm t ng c tun theo ASTM B 584, c cn bng tnh v
ng,
c cht nh v vi trc v c gi bng vt;
+ Trc bm c lm t thp khng r;
+ Vng m c lm t hp kim cc bon xoay xung quanh s v c gi bi mt
l xo bng thp khng r cng vi tm m;
+ m kn hp chng du vi ti thiu 4 vng m bng hp kim cc bon vi vng bi
trn bng ng thau gia mi hai vng m v c np m bng ng thau.
- i vi bm ly tm thn ri, lp t trn b, u ht cui
Nu kiu loi v quy cch bm. V d:
+ L loi bm ly tm thn ri, u ht cui, c thit k cho bm v trc ng c
nm ngang, c sn xut v th nghim ti nh my;
+ Khung bm c lm t thp hnh ch U hoc ch V ph hp vi ASTM A 36/A
36M, c hn ti nh my v c gn vi v bm, bo v ni trc v ng c;
+ ng c bm l loi 1 tc , cc vng bi c bi trn vnh cu, c gn cng vi
v bm nhng cng c th x dch c;
+ V bm c dng trn, lm t gang c, c vng b mn bng ng c th thay th
c. c to ren sn hai u hoc c th ni bch. C l thot nc pha di, van
x kh pha trn ca v xon c. Gia v bm v v xon c phi c s lin kt c bit
245
sao cho khi tho hoc thay th bnh cng tc m khng tho b ng hoc di chuyn bm
v trc ng c;
+ Bnh cng tc c lm t ng c tun theo ASTM B 584, c cn bng tnh v
ng, c cht nh v vi trc v c gi bng vt;
+ Trc bm c lm t thp khng r;
+ Vng m c lm t hp kim cc bon xoay xung quanh s v c gi bi mt
l xo bng thp khng r cng vi tm m;
+ m kn hp chng du vi ti thiu 4 vng m bng hp kim cc bon vi vng bi
trn bng ng thau gia mi hai vng m v c np m bng ng thau;
+ Ni trc l loi tho ra c (m khng cn tho trc bm hoc ng c), c ming
chn ng dng bng cao su lm gim rung ng;
+ Bo v ni trc c dng kp tun theo ANSI B 15.1, hng mc 8, OSHA 1910.219,
c lm t thp, tho lp c v c gn vi khung
b. Yu cu lp t
Nu yu cu lp t bm. V d: Vic lp t bm nc ly tm phi tun theo hng dn
ca
nh ch to bm..
7.3.4 H thng thng gi
7.3.4.1 ng ng gi
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu kiu loi tit din ng gi v yu cu v kch thc cu to. V d: ng gi gm
loi tit din trn hoc tit din ch nht. ng gi c cu to theo kch thc c quy
nh trong tiu chun. ng gi tit din trn hoc tit din ch nht u ly kch thc
ngoi lm chun;
+ Nu di on ng gi v kiu mi ni cc on ng gi. V d: di on ng
gi nn ly bng 1,8 2,5 mt, ring i vi ng gi lin kt hn hoc bu lng th c th
di hn, nhng khng qu 4 mt Mi ni cc on ng gi phi dng kiu tho ra c;
246
+ Nu kiu loi m ghp ni khi ch to ng gi bng kim loi. V d: Vi ng gi tit

din trn th m ghp ni ca cc tm v mi ni cc on ng c th dng m ghp n,
vi ng gi tit din ch nht th c th dng m ghp b gc hoc m ghp kp. ng gi
tit din trn c th dng m ghp ng;
+ Nu cht lng mt ngoi ng gi v cc b phn sau khi ch to. V d: Phi phng,
cong trn u, mch ni theo chiu dc phi so le, khe ghp ni phi kn kht, rng phi
u;
+ Nu sai s khi ch to ng gi bng kim loi. V d:
a) Sai s cho php ca ng knh ngoi l: +1 mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc
ng knh) < 300 mm,; + 2 mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc ng knh) > 300
mm;
b) Sai s cho php ca ng knh trong ca mt bch trn hoc cnh di trong ca
bch tit din ch nht l + 2 mm, khng bng phng khng qu 2 mm.
+ Nu kch thc lt bin khi ghp ni ng gi vi mt bch. V d: Kch thc lt bin
phi l 6 9 mm v lt bin phi bng phng, khng c c l rng;
+ Nu cht lng mch cun khi ch to ng gi bng phng php cun. V d: Mch
cun phi u n v kn kht;
+ Nu yu cu v kch thc bn knh cong v s t ti thiu ca ngot tit din trn
(bn knh tnh theo ng trc). V d: phi ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu yu cu v kch thc bn knh cong ca ngot tit din ch nht. V d: Phi
ph hp vi quy nh. i vi ngot tit din ch nht c cung trn pha trong hoc ng
cho
trong khi kch thc A ln hn hoc bng 500mm th phi t l hng dng;
+ Nu tr s gc kp ca chc ba v chc t ca ng gi tit din trn. V d: Gc kp
nn ly t 15 60, sai s cho php ca gc kp phi nh hn 3;
+ Nu dy v quy cch ca giong mt bch. V d: dy ca giong mt bch ly
bng 35 mm. Giong khng c nh vo trong ng. ai c ca bu lng lin kt mt bch
phi nm cng mt pha;
247
+ Nu vt liu ch to giong mt bch. V d: Phi ph hp vi quy nh sau (nu

khng c quy nh khc):
a) Vi ng ng gi vn chuyn khng kh c nhit nh hn 70C: dng tm
cao su, tm cao su bt khng l, v.v;
b) Vi ng ng gi vn chuyn khng kh c nhit ln hn 70C: dng tm
cao su chu nhit;
c) Vi ng ng gi vn chuyn cht kh c tnh n mn: dng tm cao su chu a
xt hoc tm nha poolyvinyl clorite mm, v.v;
d) Vi ng ng gi vn chuyn hi nc ngng t trong sn xut hoc khng kh
m c hi nc: dng tm cao su hoc cao su bt khng l;
e) Vi ng ng gi ca h thng ht bi: dng tm cao su.
- i vi ng gi bng tn en v tn trng km
+ Nu dy tm tn dng ch to ng gi v cc chi tit. V d: phi ph hp vi quy
nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu phng php ni ghp m khi ch to ng gi v cc chi tit. V d: Khi dy
tn < 1,2 mm, dng phng php ni ghp m. Khi dy tn > 1,2 mm, dng ni hn,
ni lt bin hoc ni hn hi. Vi ng gi v cc chi tit bng tn trng km, ch dng
phng php ghp m hoc tn inh;
+ Nu yu cu v quy cch vt liu lm mt bch ng gi. V d: Phi ph hp quy nh
trong tiu chun;
+ Nu phng php lin kt ng gi vi mt bch bng thp gc. V d: Khi dy
thnh ng nh hn hoc bng 1,5 mm, dng phng php lt bin inh tn. Khi dy
thnh ng ln hn 1,5 mm, dng phng php lt bin, hn im hoc hn kn theo ming
ng. Lin kt ng gi vi mt bch bng thp dt c th dng phng php lt bin;
+ Nu yu cu gia c ng gi. V d: Vi ng gi tit din ch nht c cnh di > 630
mm, nu di on ng > 1,2m th phi dng bin php gia c tng cng cng cho
thnh ng;
+ Nu yu cu v b tr l o trn ng gi. V d: L o trn ng gi phi c b tr
trc khi lp ng gi theo yu cu ca thit k. Ch ghp ni phi chc chn v kn kht.
248
- i vi ng gi bng thp khng r

+ Nu yu cu i vi dy vt liu ch to ng gi v cc chi tit bng thp tm
khng r. V d: Phi ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu phng php lin kt khi ch to ng gi bng thp khng r. V d: Vi ng gi
c dy < 1mm, dng phng php ghp m; ng c dy > 1mm, dng phng php
hn h quang in hoc h quang Argng, khng c hn hi. Vt liu hn phi c la
chn loi ng cht vi vt liu c bn, cng c hc khng c nh hn tr s thp
nht ca vt liu c bn. Khi hn phi phng x hn bay ra lm bn b mt thp, khi hn
xong phi lm sch;
+ Nu yu cu cht lng b mt ng gi v cc chi tit bng thp tm khng r. V d:
B mt khng c c vt co hoc khuyt tt, khi gia cng hoc khi xp ng phi trnh
va vo cc vt cng;
+ Nu quy cch vt liu lm mt bch ng gi bng thp tm khng r. V d: Phi ph
hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun.
- i vi ng gi bng nhm l
+ Nu dy vt liu ch to ng gi v cc chi tit bng nhm l. V d: Phi ph hp
vi quy nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu yu cu cht lng b mt ng gi v cc chi tit bng nhm l. V d: B mt
phi khng c vt xc, vt vch v khuyt tt;
+ Nu phng php lin kt khi ch to ng gi bng nhm l. V d: Khi ng c chiu
dy < 1,5mm, dng phng php ghp m. ng c chiu dy > 1,5mm, dng phng php
hn hi hoc hn h quang Argng. Khi hn phi lm sch r v cc vt bn bm trn mt
hn v u que hn. Hn xong phi dng nc nng ra sch x hn trn b mt mi hn.
Mch hn phi chc chn, khng c cc khuyt tt nh thiu ng hn hoc c l thng;
+ Nu quy cch vt liu lm mt bch ng gi bng nhm l. V d: Phi ph hp vi
quy nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu phng php lin kt khi ng gi bng nhm l dng mt bch bng nhm gc
hoc dng mt bch bng thp gc. V d: Phi lin kt theo kiu lt bin v c nh bng
inh tn nhm. Nu dng mt bch bng thp gc th quy cch phi ph hp quy nh trong
tiu chun, ng thi phi c lp chng n mn.
249
- i vi ng gi bng tm nha cng

+ Nu dy vt liu ch to ng gi v cc chi tit bng tm nha cng v sai s
ch to cho php. V d: Phi ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun;
+ Nu cht lng ch to ng gi v cc chi tit bng tm nha cng c ch to
bng phng php gia cng nng. V d: Sau khi ch to ng gi phi khng c khuyt tt
nh bt kh, ha than, bin dng, nt;
+ Nu phng php lin kt ng gi v cc chi tit bng tm nha cng. V d: Phi
c lin kt bng hn ni. Tm nha phi c ct vt cnh ty theo dy, kiu mi
hn. vt phi ph hp vi quy nh trong tiu chun. Mch hn phi y, khng c hin
tng chy vng v t v. Cng mch hn khng di 60% cng vt hn, vt
liu hn phi ng cht vi vt liu c bn (tr loi hn p nng);
+ Nu quy cch vt liu lm mt bch.
+ Nu phng php lin kt ng gi bng tm nha cng vi mt bch. V d: Phi
dng hn ni, cng c th dng hn ni qua ng lng;
+ Nu c ly khung gia c ng gi bng tm nha cng. V d: Phi ph hp vi quy
nh trong mc B. Quy cch khung gia c cng ging nh mt bch.
- i vi ng gi bng nha ct vi thy tinh
+ Nu tnh nng v hm lng cc ph gia i vi nha tng hp ch to ng gi.
V d: Phi l vt liu chu a xt, chu kim, t tt la theo quy nh ca thit k. Hm
lng cc ph gia cho vo nha tng hp phi ph hp yu cu trong cc ti liu k thut;
+ Nu hm lng v quy cch ca vi thy tinh trong nha ct vi thy tinh. V d:
phi ph hp yu cu thit k. Vi thy tinh phi kh ro, sch s, khng c c sp. t
vi thy tinh phi xen k, khng trng lp;
+ Nu dy thnh ng gi v cc chi tit. V d: Phi ph hp quy nh trong tiu
chun;
+ Nu cu to ng gi bng nha ct vi thy tinh gi nhit. V d: c ch to vi
thnh ng 2 lp, dy thnh ng phi ly theo yu cu thit k, vt liu chn gia hai lp
thnh ng c th l polystirol hoc giy xp t ong;
250
+ Nu cht lng mt trong ca ng gi v cc chi tit bng nha ct vi thy tinh. V

d: Phi trn, nhn, mt ngoi phi bng phng, dy u n, ra mp khng c ba via,
khng c hin tng bt kh, phn tng, ng c ca cht nha phi t trn 90%;
+ Nu yu cu v vung gc ca ng trc ng gi vi mt bch. V d: ng
trc ca ng gi phi vung gc vi mt bch. Sai s cho php v khng bng phng
ca mt
bch l 2mm;
+ Nu quy cch ca mt bch ng gi bng nha ct vi thy tinh. V d: Phi ph hp
vi quy nh trong tiu chun.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu lu i vi phn bn trong ng ng gi. V d: Khng t dy in, cp in v
cc loi ng dn kh c hi, kh d chy, d n v cht lng bn trong ng ng gi.
- Nu yu cu b tr cc mi ni c th tho lp c. V d: Khng c b trcc mi ni
c th tho lp c ca ng gi v cc b phn khc trong sn v tng.
- Nu thi im lp t ng gi ca h thng ht kh thi v ht bi. V d: ng gi ca h
thng ht kh thi v ht bi nn c tin hnh sau khi lp t cc thit b m chng phc
v.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc chi tit ch, chn sn hoc bu lng n ca gi treo, gi . V
d: Phi c t v tr chnh xc, chc chn, khng c sn v lm sch ht du m
i vi cc phn chn chm.
- Nu khong cch gi treo, gi chng v gi ng ng gi khng c bo n. V d:
Phi tun theo qui nh sau: (nu khng c qui nh khc)
+ Lp ng ng nm ngang, ng knh hoc di cnh ln ca ng gi < 400mm
th khong cch khng qu 4 mt; > 400mm th khong cch khng qu 3 mt;
+ Lp ng ng ng, khong cch khng c qu 4 mt, nhng mi ng khng
c t hn hai im c nh.
- Nu bin php chng rung, lc cho ng ng gi treo. V d: Phi c im c nh thch
hp chng rung, lc cho ng ng gi treo.
251
- Nu yu cu v v tr lp t gi treo, gi chng v gi ng ng gi. V d: Khng

c t gi treo, chng, ng ng gi cc v tr c ca gi, ca van v ca kim tra.
Gi treo khng c treo trc tip vo mt bch ng.
- Nu chnh lch cao cho php khi lp t ng ng gi nm ngang. V d: Chnh lch
cao cho php mi mt khng qu 3mm. Tng chnh lch khng qu 20mm.
- Nu chnh lch thng ng php khi lp t ng ng gi ng. V d: Chnh lch
thng ng mi mt khng qu 3mm. Tng chnh lch khng qu 20mm.
- Nu yu cu v dc khi lp t ng ng dn hi nc ngng t trong sn xut hoc
khng kh m c hi nc. V d: Phi c dc theo ng yu cu k thut, khng nn
t cc mi ni dc y ca ng ng gi, nu c mi ni phi x l cho tht kn.
- Nu yu cu an ton khi lp t h thng vn chuyn cht kh d chy n hoc h
thng thng gi trong mi trng d chy n. V d: Phi c dy ni t v nn gim thiu
s mi ni. ng ng gi vn chuyn cht kh d chy, d n chy qua cc gian sinh hot
hoc cc gian ph tr khc phi m bo kn kht, khng c c mi hn.
- Nu yu cu an toan khi lp t ng ng gi xuyn qua mi nh. V d: Phi c chp
che ma. ng gi phi nh ln cao trn 1,5 mt so vi mi nh v phi c dy chng c
nh. Dy chng khng c c nh vo mt bch, khng neo buc vo kim thu li hoc
li thu li.
- Nu yu cu lin kt ng ng gi bng thp khng r vi gi bng thp. V d: Phi
t mt lp lt hoc tm m lm t vt liu phi kim loi ti ch tip xc gia ng ng
gi v gi ..
- Nu phng php lin kt cc mt bch ng gi bng nhm. V d: Phi dng bu lng m
km, hai bn mt bch phi m bng m vnh m km.
- Nu yu cu bo v i vi gi ng nhm. V d: Gi phi c m km hoc
c qut lp cch in chng n mn.
- Nu phng php lin kt cc loi ng ng gi bng thp ca cc h thng cp, ht gi
v ht bi thng thng. V d: C th lin kt khng mt bch, ch ni phi chc chn.
- Nu yu cu khi lp ng gi nha. V d: Phi ph hp vi quy nh sau:
+ Tm m bch nn dng loi cao su chu a xt hoc tm nha mm dy 35 mm. Bu
lng ni mt bch phi c m vnh bng thp;
252
+ ng ng gi xuyn qua tng hoc sn phi c ng lng ngoi bo v;

+ Cc b phn v ph kin bng kim loi dng cho ng gi phi c lp chng n mn.
- Nu lu khi lp t ng ng gi bng nha ct vi thy tinh. V d: Cn lu ng
gi khng c va p v vn xoy phng cht keo b rn nt. Nhng ch b long hoc
v b phn tng, b h hi phi c sa cha hoc thay th ngay.
- Nu yu cu i vi ng knh trong v di thnh ca ng lng bng thp xuyn qua
tng hoc sn nh. V d: Kch thc ng knh trong phi c ly sao cho c th lng
c mt bch v lp bo n ca ng gi. di thnh ng lng khng c nh hn
2mm v ng lng phi c chn cht vo trong tng, sn nh.
7.3.4.2 Cc ph kin ca h thng thng gi
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi ca gi
+ Nu cht lng ch to b mt v sai s cho php ca ca gi sau khi ch to. V d:
B mt ca gi phi bng phng, sai s cho php so vi kch thc thit k khng qu
2mm,
chnh lch gia hai ng cho ca ca gi khng qu 3mm. Sai s cho php ca hai
ng knh bt k ca ca gi tit din trn khng ln hn 2mm;
+ Nu cht lng ch to ca gi kiu tm ci v kiu rng lc. V d: Ca
gi phi bng phng, ra hai bn phi trn nhn, ci vo d dng. Ca gi kiu rng lc
sau khi lp ghp phi m bo hon ton m v ng kn ht mc;
+ Nu cht lng ch to ca gi kiu tm l. V d: Khng c c ba via ca l,
ng knh v c ly l phi ph hp vi yu cu thit k.
+ Nu cht lng ch to ca gi quay. V d: B phn hot ng phi nh nhng, linh
hot, kt cu vng chc;
+ Nu yu cu v kh nng lm vic ca ca gi. V d: B phn iu chnh ca ca
gi phi linh hot, tm l phi cn bng, khng c va chm vo khung bin;
+ Nu yu cu i vi vic b tr cc b phn ca ca gi. V d: C ly ca cc tm l
trong ca gi kiu nhiu l phi u, tm ca trc hai u phi trn cng mt ng thng.
inh tn ni ca gi vi khung bin phi cht;
253
+ Nu yu cu v kn kht i vi cc loi ca ca ng gi. V d: Cc loi ca ca

ng gi phi tht kn, kht vi khung ca.
- i vi cc loi van
+ Nu cht lng ch to van. V d: Van phi c ch to chc chn, b phn iu
chnh phi linh hot, chnh xc, tin cy v phi nh du chiu ng, m;.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v mc r r ca van iu tit. V d: Cc van iu tit loi cnh
i din nhau c lm t thp khng r dy 1,63mm vi cc thn van c cnh bng bt
polyurethane m bo hot ng m v gim thiu hin tng r r. Hin tng r r
qua van iu tit khi v tr ng khng c qa 180m3/h/m2 ti p sut tnh 12kPa;
+ Nu quy cch van iu tit. V d: Cc van iu tit khng b rung v lc di nhng
iu kin hot ng. Ton b van iu tit t sau van khuych tn khng kh, van cp v
ca gi c sn mu en. Van c hon thin vi cc tm m bng cao su dy ti thiu
6mm ni vi ng v ca gi. Van c c ch iu chnh c ph chun v c cu to
chc chn, khng c khe h khi m hoc ng van. C cu iu chnh thng qua vt vn
phi c che kn;
+ Nu v tr lp t van iu chnh lu lng. V d: Van iu chnh lu lng loi c
cnh i din nhau thng c lp ti tt c ca gi gn trn, van cp, ca cp gi ti v
x;
+ Nu cu to v vt liu ch to van chia dng nhiu cnh. V d: Van chia dng nhiu
cnh c cu to bng khung thp vi cc cnh cong gc vung bng nhm p hoc thp vi
khong cch thch hp;
+ Nu v tr lp t v quy cch van dp la. V d: Cc van dp la loi nhiu cnh
hot ng nh trng lc ch c s dng cho cc ng ngang. Cc van dp la loi 1 cnh
hot ng nh trng lc c th c s dng cho c ng ngang v ng ng. Cc van dp
la c bo
v trong v khung cng, chng n mn v khng b bin dng di iu kin ho hon, c
kh nng gin n cc cnh van trong v khi c chy;
+ Nu vt liu ch to van dp la. V d: Cc van dp la c lm t vt liu chng
n mn, thp khng r, thp m km hoc c x l hn ch hin tng n mn. V
ngoi van dp la phi khng b bin dng khi chu la, dy v khng nh hn 2mm.
254
Cc b van dp la lp trong mi trng n mn hoc ti v tr c cht n mn trong khng

kh c lm t vt liu chng n mn hoc c ph lp bo v chng n mn;
+ Nu yu cu i vi b phn quay ca van dp la. V d: B phn quay phi quay
c d dng v c lm t vt liu khng b n mn nh ng thau, ng xanh, thp
khng r, thp m;
+ Nu yu cu i vi cu ch van dp la. V d: Cu ch ca van dp la phi l sn
phm chnh quy c kim nghim v ph chun. Nhit nng chy cu ch phi ph
hp vi yu cu thit k, thng l 72C. Sai s cho php l - 2C. Cu ch phi c t
pha n gi ca van;
+ Nu yu cu i vi cnh van dp la. V d: Cnh van khi ng li phi tht kn
kht, m bo ngn c lung khng kh theo p sut quy nh ca h thng;
+ Nu mc cha chy v c ch lm vic ca van dp la. V d: Cc van dp la
c s dng tng ci hoc kt hp phi c mc cha chy khng di 2 gi. Mi van
phng ho c gi ti v tr m bng mt thit b duy tr chng n mn kt hp vi mt
cu ch nng chy c th thay th.
+ Nu yu cu ch to cc b phn ca van hm. V d: Trc van ca van hm phi linh
hot, cnh van ng li phi kn kht, phm v tr quay c lm t vt liu khng b n
mn.
- i vi chp ht v cc b phn khc
+ Nu yu cu ch to trc v v ngoi ca chp ht. V d: Kch thc ch to trc
phi chnh xc, ch ni phi chc, cnh v ngoi khng c c ch no sc;
+ Nu yu cu ch to i vi m gi. V d: Hnh dng m gi phi c ch to theo
tiu chun, trng tm ca m gi quay phi cn bng;
+ Nu vt liu ch to ng ni mm. V d: Vt liu lm ng ni mm phi l loi vi
bt loi hai lp hoc da gi. ng ni mm dng trong trng hp vn chuyn khng kh
m t hoc lp nhng mi trng m t phi dng loi vi bt c qut cao su. Khi vn
chuyn cc cht kh n mn th ng mm phi c lm t vt liu chng n mn tng
ng (cao su chu a xt hoc nha polyvinyl clorit);
+ Nu vt liu ch to v v cc tm cch ly bn trong b tiu m hnh ch nht. V d:
V v cc tm cch ly bn trong c ch to bng tm km c chiu dy 0,95mm cho
255
nhng tm rng n 1200mm, c chiu dy 1,15 cho nhng tm rng ln hn 1200mm v

c lin kt vi ng ng theo cc tiu chun TDF METU hoc Ductmate;
+ Nu kiu loi v vt liu ch to tm tiu m ca b tiu m hnh ch nht. V d:
Dng cc tm tiu m vi u vo dng loe hnh mi tru v dng hnh nn cui ng
ra. Dng loi bng thu tinh chng chy hoc xp khong cht theo AS 1530 vi mc bt
la = 0 v mc sinh khi = 0;
+ Nu yu cu bc kn i vi b tiu m hnh ch nht. V d: Bc tt c cc b phn
bn trong bng km dy 0,55mm c l rng 11%;
+ Nu mc tn tht p sut qua tiu m ca ca b tiu m hnh ch nht. V d: Tn
tht qua tiu m ti thiu l 1000 Pa;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v v cc tm cch ly bn trong b tiu m hnh tr. V d: Cc
b tiu m hnh tr c v v cc tm cch ly bn trong c ch to t nhng tm km c
chiu dy 0,95mm cho nhng tm rng n 1200, chu dy 1,15 mm cho nhng tm ln
hn 1200 v chiu dy ln hn 1,55 khi kch thc ln n 2400;
+ Nu phng php lin kt b tiu m hnh tr. V d: c bt trc tip vo ng
ng v qut bng cc bu lng v inh vt bng thp trng km;
+ Nu chng loi v tnh cht vt liu cch m ca b tiu m hnh tr. V d: Dng bt
thu tinh chng chy hoc g t nhin theo AS 1530 vi mc bt la = 0 v mc sinh khi
= 0;
+ Nu yu cu bc lt i vi b tiu m hnh tr. V d: Bc kn tt c cc vt liu
cch m bng loi mng khng gy c vi cc tiu chun v chng chy tng t nh
trn. Bc tt c cc b phn bn trong bng km dy 0,55 mm c l rng 11%;
+ Nu mc tn tht p sut qua tiu m ca ca b tiu m hnh tr. V d: Tn tht
qua tiu m ti thiu l 1000 Pa;
+ Nu yu cu v kch thc v cong ca tm hng dng. V d: Kch thc v
cong ca tm hng dng phi chnh xc, khng nghing lch, tm l tn inh phi tht
chc chn;
+ Nu yu cu ch to cc gi chng, gi treo, gi . V d: Cc gi chng, treo,
phi bng phng, mi hn phi y, chc, cung trn ca khung bao.
256
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu lp t cc loi ca gi. V d: Cc ca gi phi c lp t chnh xc,
thng, phng, b phn quay phi nhanh nhy v c lin kt chc chn vi ng gi.
- Nu yu cu lp t cc loi van ca h thng ng gi. V d: Cc van ca h thng ng
gi phi c lp t v tr thun tin cho thao tc.
- Nu yu cu khi lp t van dp la. V d: Khi lp t van dp la, chiu v v tr phi
chnh xc. Cu ch ch c lp sau khi h thng lp xong;
- Nu yu cu lp t mng hng nc ngng t ca h thng ng ng gi. V d: Mng
hng nc ngng t ca h thng ng ng gi vn chuyn hi nc ngng t trong sn
xut phi c lp t chc chn. Nc ngng t phi c chuyn n v tr qui nh.
- Nu yu cu lp t cc chp ht bi, chp x kh. V d: Phi m bo ng v tr v
c lp t chc chn.
- Nu yu cu lp t cc ng ni mm. V d: ng ni mm phi c lp t chc chn,
khng c xon, lch
- Nu v tr lp t gi . V d: Gi khng c t nhng ch vng cho thao tc.
7.3.4.3 B lc khng kh
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu tiu chun p dng. V d: Cc b lc khng kh phi tun theo cc yu cu ca
ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun tng ng;
+ Nu yu cu v vic kim tra v cp giy chng nhn. V d: Cc b lc khng kh
phi c cp cc giy chng nhn kim tra ca c quan c thm quyn;
+ Nu yu cu cung cp p k v quy cch p k. V d:
a) Nh thu cung cp p k o chnh lch p cho tng dy b lc;
b) p k c lp bn ngoi v sao cho c th tip cn v c cc ch s d dng.
p k kt hp vi mt thang chia vi ch s sp p sut ln nht khng thp hn
75% tng chiu di thang o;
257
+ Nu yu cu v hiu sut lc. V d: B lc c hiu sut nh c xc nh di

y v c gii hn hiu sut b sung cng nh cc yu cu chc nng khc c xc nh
trong cc ti liu thu c lin quan;
a) Cc b lc s cp c mc thu bi 60-70% theo ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun
tng ng c ph chun;
b) Cc b lc chnh c mc thu bi 80-88% theo ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun
tng ng c ph chun;
c) Cc b lc ph c mc thu bi 90-95% theo ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun
tng ng c ph chun;
+ Nu yu cu i vi vt liu lc. V d: Vt liu lc hoc cht lm m phi khng
lch ra ngoi;
+ Nu quy cch cc b lc kh kh. V d: Cc b lc c hon thin vi cc khung
chc chn, khng b mo khi hot ng. Tt c cc b lc c b tr sao cho c th tip
cn d dng lm sch, tho lp lai. C nt bt kn hn ch vic r r khng kh xung
quanh b lc v cc nt bt khng b h hng do vic tho lp nh k cc mt lc;.
+ Nu yu cu i vi cc ng dnh. V d: Cc ng dnh ca b lc phi ph hp vi
mc ch s dng v do nh ch tot b lc cung cp. Cht dnh phi c cc tnh cht sau:
a) Kh nng n mn: Cht kt dnh khng c c bt k cht n mn dy ng
no khi c kim tra trong 15 ngy ti nhit 35C v m tng i 95%;
b) Kh nng chy: Cht kt dnh l loi t dp la;
c) Mi v: Cht kt dnh phi khng c mi thm
- i vi b lc s cp
+ Nu cng dng v vt liu lc ca b lc s cp. V d: B lc kh s cp dng
np khng kh bn ngoi. Mi trng lc l loi vt liu si tng hp c th tho ra c;
+ Nu thi im thay th. V d: cui giai on bo hnh 1 nm, nh thu s thay th
ton b cc b lc s cp bng cc b lc mi.
- i vi b lc chnh
258
+ Nu yu cu v kch thc v cng sut b lc chnh. V d: Cc b lc vi kch

thc v cng sut nh phi c cc thng s k thut ti thiu theo tiu chun
ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun tng ng.
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch b lc chnh. V d: Cc b lc chnh c lm t
thp m km dy 1,63mm v c cc bch rng 100mm, cc l lp bu lng c khoan ti
nh my ph hp vi cc phn b lc ph. V b lc chnh khng dy hn 100mm theo
chiu dng kh, c kch thc ph hp vi phn b lc ph, c trang b cc ca tip cn
c ming m neoprene ti cc u ca tng b. Cc ca tip cn c th hot ng c lp
vi cc ca
tip cn phc v cc b lc ph;
+ Nu kiu loi b lc chnh lp trong dn trao i nhit. V d: Dn trao i nhit
c
lp cc b lc chnh loi c th tho ra c hoc loi c th ra sch;
+ Nu yu cu v kiu loi b lc chnh lp trong thit b x l khng. V d: Cc thit
b
x l khng kh c lp cc b lc chnh loi c th tho ra c hoc loi xoay t ng.
- i vi b lc dng mt ln
+ Nu yu cu v quy cch b lc dng mt ln. V d: B lc bao gm mt m si
thy tinh gin n, si t nhin hoc tng hp, c bc trong mt khung phi kim loi.
Khng chp nhn cc b lc g, kim loi;
+ Nu c ch lin kt mi trng si thy tinh. V d: Mi trng si thy tinh phi
c gn vi nhau bng nha chy chm. Cc si thy tinh c sp xp theo mt thch
hp vi khong cch cc si tng i rng. Cc si c ph cht dnh kt;
+ Nu mc thu bi v hiu sut ca b lc. V d: Cc b lc dng mt ln c mc thu
bi trung bnh t 80 88% v hiu sut trung bnh t 20 30% theo theo tiu chun
ASHRAE 52-76 hoc tiu chun tng ng. Khng s dng cc khung bng ba cc
tng cho cc b lc ti nhng v tr hiu sut ln hn 25%;.
+ Nu yu cu v vn tc khng kh thit k ti b mt b lc. V d: Vn tc khng
kh thit k ti b mt b lc phi khng ln hn 2,5m/s;
259
+ Nu yu cu v tr khng u tin ti lu lng khng kh thit k. V d: Ti lu

lng khng kh thit k, tr khng u tin khng ln hn 60Pa;
+ Nu yu cu v vic cung cp mi trng lc d phng. V d: Cung cp mi trng
lc d phng cho 12 ln thay i mi trng lc ca dy b lc trong giai on bo hnh;
+ Nu yu cu v kch c b lc. V d: Cc b lc c la chn t dy kch c danh
nh di y: 600mm x 600mm x 50mm; 500mm x 500mm x 50mm; 450mm x 450mm x
50mm v 400mm x 500mm x 50mm.
- i vi b lc c th ra
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch mi trng lc ca b lc kh c th ra. V d: Mi
trng lc ca cc b lc kh c th ra c lm t cc cht do c bt v c th ra
c. Cc b lc s c trn cc c cu dy ph cht do vi mt khung kim loi dy
50mm;
+ Nu mc thu bi v hiu sut ca b lc kh c th ra. V d: Cc b lc kh c th
ra c mc thu bi trung bnh khng nh hn 85% v hiu sut trung bnh 25% khi c
kim tra theo tiu chun kim tra ASHRAE hoc tiu chun tng ng;
+ Nu vn tc khng kh thit k ca b lc kh c th ra. V d: Vn tc khng kh
thit k ti b mt b lc khng ln hn 2,5m/s;
+ Nu tr khng u tin ti lu lng khng kh thit k ca b lc kh c th ra. V
d: Ti lu lng khng kh thit k, tr khng u tin khng ln hn 75Pa;
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu lm sch b lc khng kh trc khi lp t. V d:
+ i vi b lc bng li kim loi thm du, phi ra sch li kim loi trc khi lp
t. Li kim loi phi kh ri mi thm vo du my;
+ i vi b lc thm du t ng phi ra sch li xch trc khi lp t. B chuyn
ng phi linh hot.
- Nu yu cu v khng gian lp t b lc khng kh. V d: Lp t cc loi b lc khng
kh phi thun tin cho vic tho d v thay i vt liu lc.
- Nu yu cu v kn kht khi lp t. V d: Phi m bo kn kht gia b lc vi
khung v gia khung vi kt cu tng bao ca bung x l nhit m khng kh.
260
- Nu lu trong qu trnh lp t b lc. V d:

+ Tt c cc ng phi sch, khng dnh bi bn;
+ Phi t b lc ng hng ca dng khng kh;
+ H thng khung gi b lc phi tht kn kht trnh khng kh i vng quanh b
lc;
+ Tt c cc mi ni phi c lm kn bng ma tt khng cng li v t cc ming
m neoprene gia cc mt bch;
+ Cc chi tit v in ca cc b lc kh t ng, b lc tnh in phi tun theo cc
yu cu trong tiu chun v in. Cc ca to li ra vo b phn bin p, cao p v khu vc
t dy dn in cao p ca cc b lc tnh in phi c trang b cc b kho an ton v
c iu khin bi mt nhn vin c trch nhim. Cc bin php ni t an ton phi
c thc hin nghim chnh i vi cc loi b lc.
7.3.4.4 Qut gi
a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi qut ly tm
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch qut. V d: L loi qut c cnh hng gi dng cong v
pha sau, c khng ch tc vi b truyn ai ch V, c hp bo v ai, ng c v c
gi bng thp;
+ Nu cng sut ng c qut. V d: Cng sut ng c ln hn 10% cng sut thit
k b lng tr khng ca h thng tng ln;
+ Nu lu lng v hiu sut qut. V d: Dng qut vi nhiu lu lng gi khc nhau
v t hiu sut ti a 80% lu lng gi theo thit k v vn hnh t 40% n 110%
cng
sut thit k m khng gy s tng t bin;
+ Nu vn tc thi gi. V d: Vn tc thi gi khng vt qu 9m/s ti l lng thit
k;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v qut. V d: V qut c lm t thp mm (t cc bon);
+ Nu cu to v qut. V d: V qut c mt bch ti ca ming ht, ming thi; c
ca thm ghp kn v u ni ng knh 40mm v im ni nc thi; c im treo qut
261
vi ng knh ln hn 500mm; c cc h thm cho php tip cn y cc b phn bn

trong qut. Np v h thm c m chng r kh v s dng cc vng ca ht un cong
tho ra c c th tho c qut;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch cnh qut. V d: Cnh qut c lm t thp mm
vi kt cu hn, ca ly gi pha sau v tm hng dng pha trc, c cn bng tnh v
ng;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch trc qut. V d: Trc qut c lm t thp cng
cao, trc c chia thnh cc bc c th tho lp cnh qut d dng v trn trc qut
c ngch o tc ;
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch trc qut. V d: trc l loi bi hoc con ln,
c t trong m v hp chng bi; c tui th khng di 100.000 gi, c tin cy
cao, v c tra du m qua v m t ti ni d tip cn.
- i vi qut hng trc
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch qut. V d: Qut hng trc l loi qut trc khng chy
qa ti v t hiu qu ti thiu 65% lu lng thit k. C gi kiu treo;
+ Nu lu lng qut. V d: Chn qut c lu lng ln hn 10% lu lng thit k
d tr cho h thng khi sc cn tng ln v lu lng gi c th iu chnh c;
+ Nu kiu dng v vt liu ch to v qut. V d: V qut c dng hnh ng v c
lm t thp trng km, c mt bch, v bao ph c qut ln ng c;
+ Nu quy cch v qut. V d: V qut c cc ca thm vi np kn kim tra qut;
s dng cc mt bch ni qut vi ng ng; khng dng ni mm ni trc tip vo
u ht hoc u x ca qut m phi ni vo ng ng cch qut mt on; c np chp
ht gi v li thp m bo v cho u ht v u x ca qut i vi cc h thng h;
+ Nu kiu loi v vt liu ch to cnh qut. V d: Cnh qut c kiu thi thng, cnh
bng polypropylene si thy tinh (cho ng knh ti 900mm) v bng hp kim nhm
(cho
nhng cnh ln hn);
+ Nu yu cu v cn bng cnh qut. V d: Cnh qut c cn bng tnh v ng;
262
+ Nu kiu dng, quy cch v tui th trc. V d: trc c dng bi hoc

con ln, dng loi gn kn vnh cu cho nhng qut c ng knh ti 1200mm, c khoang
cha m v du bi trn, c v kn ngn bi c m rng t v qut cho nhng qut ln
hn. Tt c cc trc c tui th khng di 100.000 gi;
+ Nu yu cu i vi kt cu qut ht khi v qut tng p cu thang. V d: Tun
theo tiu chun NFPA 91 v NFPA 92; c th vn hnh lin tc nhit 300C khng t
hn 2 gi v khng t ng c qut trong ng ng (h) khng kh c nhit cao.
- i vi qut y
+ Nu v tr lp t qut. V d: Qut y c lp t trn ng ng trn tng, mi
ca nh sn xut c duyt;
+ Nu lu lng qut. V d: Qut v ng c c chn c lu lng gi ln hn yu
cu 10% so vi s tng ln ca tr lc h thng;
+ Nu kiu dng qut. V d: Qut y c dng treo tng dng gi kiu vng, c
dy bo v v cnh gi bng nhm. Chp che qut c m km khi qut c b tr ngoi
nh;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch cnh qut. V d: Cnh qut c lm t nhm c
hoc bng thp mm, c lp trong moay vi dm cng xn;
+ Nu kiu loi, quy cch v tui th trc qut. V d: trc loi bi hoc
con ln, c gn kn v c tui th lm vic khng t hn 100.000 gi;
- i vi qut p lc cao
+ Nu kiu loi qut. V d: Qut p lc cao l loi qut mt hng vi ng c mt
tc , c th hot ng trong mi trng c khi v nhit cao;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v qut v cc ph kin treo trn trn. V d: V qut v cc
ph kin treo trn trn c lm t vt liu c bn cao. Tt c cc b phn c lm
t thp mm c dy 4mm v c trng km nng sau khi ch to;
+ Nu kiu loi v quy cch ng c qut. V d: ng c qut l loi kn hon ton,
c lm mt bng khng kh theo chun IP55, c bo n cp H v hot ng c
300C trong 2 gi. ng c phi c cng tc c bo n theo chun IP65;
263
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch cnh qut. V d: Cnh qut c lm t nhm c

chu p lc cao, c th iu chnh c. Cnh qut c chnh gc ti nh my c c
c tnh theo yu cu ca lc y v lu lng. Moay c lm t nhm c chu c
nhit
cao. Cc cnh qut trn moay c cht bi cc cht nh v. Khi hot ng trong iu
kin c chy, cnh qut vn gi c cn bng ng;
c. Yu cu vn chuyn v cu lp
Nu yu cu vn chuyn v cu lp qut gi. V d:
- i vi qut thng gi, khng buc dy cu vo quay, v my hoc np trc khi vn
chuyn, cu lp. Khi cu lp qut thng gi hin trng, dy buc ca cu khng c
lm h hi cc b phn ca qut.
- i vi cc qut ly tm loi ln, khi chuyn n cng trng theo tng b phn, th phi
c v bc bo v trnh gy, v.
- i vi qut thng gi dng vn chuyn cc cht kh n mn: khng c lm h hi
cc lp lt bo v bn trong quay v v my.
- Tt c cc b phn truyn ng phi c bo v hp l.
d. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu kim tra trc khi lp t. V d:
+ Trc khi lp t phi kim tra li tt c cc b phn ca qut theo chng t xut
xng ca nh my v theo cc ti liu k thut ca thit b, bi trn li trc khi cho chy
th;
+ Trc khi lp t phi kim tra k qut v cc thit b chng rung.
- Nu yu cu i vi khng gian lp t qut. V d: Phi cha cc li i hp l xung
quanh khu vc t qut. Nu t qut trong phng th phi cha chiu cao khng gian hp
l m bo xoay chuyn, tho d v bo dng.
- Nu lu khi lp t mi ni lin kt u vo v u ra ca qut. V d: Phi ch c
bit n mi ni lin kt u vo v u ra ca qut khi lp t trnh s gim p lc qu
mc hoc to ra dng kh qun.
264
- Nu yu cu i vi cc ming ca gi vo v ra ca qut gi. V d: Cc ming ca gi

vo v ra ca qut gi phi c gi ring v phi c lin kt cht ch vi mng my.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic lin kt ng ng gi vi qut gi. V d: Lin kt ng ng
gi vi qut gi phi m bo v khng b co ko mnh v khng gnh chu trng lng
ca cc b phn khc trnh bin dng.
- Nu bin php bo v b truyn ng v phn ming vo ca qut gi hoc ng gi. V
d: B phn h ca b truyn ng ca qut gi phi c np bo v. Phn ming vo ca
qut
gi hoc ng gi nh ra ngoi tri phi c li bo v hoc c bin php bo v khc.
- Nu yu cu khi lp t qut gi dng vn chuyn khng kh m t. V d: y v
qut t mt van x nc c ng knh 1520mm v phi c mt ng xi phng bt nc.
- Nu trnh t lm sch qut gi sau lp t. V d: Vic tho d, ra sch v lp rp li
qut gi phi theo trnh t sau: Tho v my, hp trc v tho bnh ra ra sch.
i vi loi qut gi truyn ng trc tip th c th khng cn tho ra ra.
- Nu yu cu v cn bng i vi qut sau lp t. V d: Qut phi c cn bng tnh v
ng. Trc qut khng vt qu tc ti hn u tin t s vng quay nh mc
trong mt pht.
- Nu yu cu chy th qut thng gi. V d: Trc khi chy th, phi tra du vo khp
ni gia ng c in v gung cnh qut v phi kim tra cc mc m bo an ton. Bnh
quay khi th khng c hin tng b cht hoc va chm, chiu quay ca gung cnh qut
phi ng. Nhit cao nht ca trc bi khng qu 70C, nhit cao nht ca trc
bc khng qu 80C.
- Nu sai s lp t qut gi. V d: Sai s lp t qut gi phi theo quy nh trong bng
sau:
Sai lch trn
mt bng ca
Sai lch trn

mt bng
khng
cn bng ca
ng trung
tm
Ct cao
gia b rng
bnh xe dy
cua roa
bnh xe
truyn ng
10 mm
+ 10 mm
1 mm
0.2/100 mm
ng tm ca ng lin
trc
Chuyn dch Nghing lch
theo chiu
theo hng
ng knh
trc
0,05 mm
0,2/1000mm
265
7.3.5 Chng n mn v cch nhit

7.3.5.1 Chng n mn cho h thng
- Nu yu cu lm sch trc khi phun lp sn lt vo trong ng ng. V d: ng ng
phi c c lm sch r, bi bn bm trn b mt v phi gi cho kh ro trc khi
phun lp sn lt vo ng ng.
- Nu iu kin mi trng trong khi sn. V d: Qu trnh sn khng c thc hin trong
mi trng nhit thp hoc m t.
- Nu yu cu bo v trc khi ch to ng ng t loi thp tm mng bng phng
php ghp m. V d: Trc khi ch to ng ng t loi thp tm mng bng phng
php ghp m, phi qut mt lp sn chng r.
- Nu yu cu v cht lng phun, qut sn. V d: Phun, qut sn phi lm cho mng sn
u v mng, khng c cc khuyt tt nh sn st, sn khng u, ng cm, nhn nheo,
ln tp cht.
- Nu bin php x l chng n mn cho gi treo, chng, . V d: X l chng n mn
cho gi treo, chng, phi c thc hin tng t nh x l chng n mn cho ng
ng gi v cc dng ng khc.
- Nu yu cu sn bo v sau khi lp t ton b h thng. V d: sau khi lp t xong ton
b h thng, phi sn li lp sn cui cng cho cc phn l ra ngoi.
- Nu yu cu sn bo v i vi ng ng thng gi bng nha lp ngoi nh. V d:
ng ng thng gi bng nha lp ngoi nh nn qut hai ncsn bt nhm.
- Nu yu cu sn chng n mn cho ng ng ca h thng iu ho khng kh v thng
gi, c lm t thp tm mng. V d: Sn chng n mn cho ng ng ca h thng
iu ho khng kh v thng gi, c lm t thp tm mng, nu khng c quy nh khc,
th cn tun theo yu cu trong bng sau:
TT
1
Loi cht kh chy trong

ng
Loi sn
Khng kh khng c bi v Mt trong qut sn lt chng r

nhit < 70C
Mt ngoi qut sn lt chng r
S nc sn
2
1
Mt ngoi qut sn mt ( pha trn)
Khng kh khng c bi v Mt trong v mt ngoi u qut sn
266
nhit > 70C

3
chu nhit
Khng kh c bi hoc bt Mt trong qut sn lt chng r

mt
Mt ngoi qut sn lt chng r
Mt ngoi qut sn mt (d pha trn)
Khng kh c cht n mn
Mt trong v mt ngoi qut sn chu

a xt
1
1
2
>2
Mt trong v mt ngoi qut sn mt

chu a xt
>2
- Nu yu cu sn ng ng ca h thng lm sch khng kh. V d: Nu khng c quy

nh khc, nn tham kho bng sau:
TT
V tr trong h thng
Vt liu
Loi sn
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
ng cp v ng ht gi Thp tm - Mt trong:
pha trc b lc s mng
+ Sn lt dng Alcol
cp
+ Sn t dng Alcol Axt
(2)
(3)
(4)
S lt
sn
(5)
2
2
(5)
- Mt ngoi:
+ Gi nhit: Sn lt chng r
+ Khng gi nhit:
Sn lt chng r
Sn hn hp
ng cp gi pha sau
b lc s cp v pha
Thp tm Thng khng sn
trc b lc chnh
m km
Thp tm - Mt trong:
mng
+ Sn lt dng Alcol axt
+ Sn t dng Alcol axt
- Mt ngoi:
+ Gi nhit: Sn lt chng r
+ Khng gi nhit:
267
Sn lt chng r
Sn hn hp
ng cp gi pha sau Thp tm - Mt trong:

b lc chnh
m km
+ Sn lt dng Alcol km
+ Sn mt (sn t, sn hn hp)
- Mt ngoi: thng khng sn
- Nu yu cu i vi vic phn loi, s nc sn, mu sc, k hiukhi sn ng ng

ca h thng lm lnh. V d: Vic phn loi, s nc sn, mu sc, k hiu khi sn
ng ng ca h thng lm lnh phi ph hp vi yu cu thit k. Nu khng, ng
ng dn mi cht lnh (tr ng ng kim loi mu) c th theo yu cu trong bng sau:
Loi ng ng
Loi sn
S lt
sn
H hng - Lp cch nhit dng hc n lm cht kt dnh Sn hc n

h p
- Lp cch nhit khng dng hc n lm cht Sn lt chng r
kt dnh
Sn lt chng r
Sn mu
H thng cao p
7.3.5.2 Cch nhit ng ng v thit b h thng lnh

a. Yu cu k thut
- i vi vic cch nhit cho ng ng nc:
+ Nu yu cu cch nhit i vi b mt ng ng. V d:
a) Cch nhit phi c ni kn, c lp trn cc b mt sch;
b) B mt cch nhit phi c p cht vo mt ngoi ng ng v khng b x
nhn ti cc u ni;
c) B mt cch nhit phi khng c ng sng trong trng hp dn nc lnh
hoc khng b long trc khi nhit qu 50C.
268
+ Nu tnh cht vt liu cch nhit cho ng ng nc. V d: Vt liu cch nhit phi
l vt liu khng chy, c di chng chy khng vt qu 0,0,0,0 (bn s khng), khng
ht m, v c h s dn nhit ln nht l 0,033W/mK 20C;
+ Nu chng loi v quy cch vt liu cch nhit cho cc ng ng nc v ph
kin c nhit thp. V d: Vt liu cch nhit cho cc ng ng nc v ph kin c
nhit thp l polystyrene, loi t dp la c nh hnh trc v tun theo ASHRAE.
Cht gn kt b mt vt liu cch nhit l keo Sisalation 450. Chiu dy lp cch nhit l
25mm cho ng ng c ng knh ti 38mm, l 40mm cho ng ng t 50 100mm
v l 50mm cho ng
ng ln hn 100mm;
+ Nu h s dn nhit ca vt liu cch nhit. V d: Vt liu cch nhit c h s dn
nhit khng vt qu 0,033W/mK nhit 20C;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho cc ng ng trong gian my v trong nh. V d:
Cc ng ng trong gian my v trong nh c ph ln trn b mt mt lp keo
sisalation 450 v sau c ph lp km dy 0,6mm. Cc mi ni xung quanh c ph
km phi l nhng mi ni hn;
+ Nu yu cu che khut cc ng ng ca thit b iu ho trong hp k thut ng,
trong ng ng gi hi, ng gi cp. V d: Cc ng ng ca thit b iu ho trong
hp k thut ng, trong ng ng gi hi, ng gi cp phi c che khut;
+ Nu bin php ngn chn hi nc trn ng ng nc. V d: ngn chn hi
nc, phi bi keo chng r kh trn ton b chiu di ca ng. Trong mi trng hp,
chiu di bi keo khng c nh hn 1m;
+ Nu quy cch lp cch nhit trn cc on ng thng. V d: Lp cch nhit trn
nhng on ng thng phi c dng tm c cun trn, khng dng lp cch nhit c
dng
ng. Lp cch nht cho ng phi c dng li mi pha ca van, mt bch;
+ Nu yu cu cch nhit cho cc ng nc ngng. V d: Cc ng nc ngng cng
c cch nhit nh ccng ng nc khc;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho van, mt bch, b lc v cc ph kin khc. V d:
269
a) Van, mt bch, b lc v cc ph kin khc phi c bc cch nhit c bit vi

v bc bn ngoi bng tm km. Vt liu cch nhit l loi cng cng, dy 25mm,
c hn kn bn trong lp v bc bn ngoi. Lp v bc bn ngoi c kt cu d
tho lp. Cc v bc bn ngoi c ni vi nhau c th bng hn bc hoc tng
ng;
b) Van, mt bch v cc ph kin khc cng c th c bc cch nhit bng cc
tm polystyrene v c ph kn bng bitumen chng hi nc. Khong h cch
nhit gia van, mt bch, cc ph kin khc vi ng ng phi c lp y bng
keo styrene. Cc lp ph ny cng phi c bc bng lp bc bn ngoi dy
0,6mm;
+ Nu yu cu v bin php bo v lp cch nhit. V d: C th s dng thm mt lp
bng keo c chiu rng 75mm cun quanh cc lp cch nhit. Phi lm sch b mt lp
cch nhit v p cht bng keo vo b mt lp cch nhit. Bng keo Sisalation 450 s c
ct nh hnh thnh cc di bng c chiu rng khng nh hn 25mm m bo hiu qu
cch m;
+ Nu bin php lin kt lp bc m km. V d: Lp bc m km c c nh bng
cc mi hn g trn v c ng cht li nh cc inh tn hoc c b li hi pha
di khng
lt qua c;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho cc on ng tip xc vi la. V d: Cc on ng
tip xc vi la phi c cch nhit bng si hoc bng si thu tinh c lp v bc
bng phoi nhm;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho gi treo, gi ng. V d:
a) Gi treo, gi ng c dng hnh ch D hoc dng l cun trn c cng kch
thc vi lp cch nhit. Lp cch nhit phi c gia cng ti cc v tr lp vo
gi treo, ng m bo khng b chc thng;
b) Vi gi treo ng, c th dng cc kp ch D hoc kp bn nguyt vng quanh
lp cch nhit polystyrene vi vng ai tn m dy 1,6mm un cong tng
450mm chiu di bn di lp cch nhit (v c bc nu l ra ngoi). Lp cch
m dy 1,6mm t di gi v kp s to ra lp gn chng m;
270
c) Tt c cc gi phi c cch nhit xung quanh bng tm polystyrene. Ti

nhng ch tm cch nhit bng polystyrene b gin, phi dng cc tm styrene
khong cch 300mm v mi pha.
- i vi vic cch nhit cho ng ng mi cht lnh
+ Nu chiu dy lp cch nhit cho cc ng ng mi cht lnh. V d: Tt c cc
ng ng mi cht lnh phi c cch nhit. Lp cch nhit ng ng mi cht lnh c
chiu dy l 25mm cho ng c ng knh t 6mm 28mm v c chiu dy l 32mm cho
ng c ng knh t 32mm 50mm;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho ng ng gas v ng ng dch mi cht lnh chy
st nhau. V d: Khi ng ng gas v ng ng dch mi cht lnh chy st nhau, c th
dng chung lp cch nhit hoc c cch nhit ring;
+ Nu kiu dng v yu cu bo v lp cch nhit ng ng dch mi cht lnh. V
d: Lp cch nhit c th dng dng ng hoc dng tm. Tt c cc im ni cch nhit
phi c dn bng keo loi chng nc v c cun xung quanh bng bng dnh chu
nc. Lp cch nhit phi c dn keo trnh ng sng trn b mt ca ng ng;
+ Nu yu cu bo v cc ng ng c cch nhit ngoi tri, chu tc ng ca
thi tit. V d: Tt c cc ng ng c cch nhit ngoi tri, chu tc ng ca thi
tit phi c bc ngoi bng thp khng r 316 c chiu dy 0,5mm vi mc bng sng
2B;
+ Nu bin php bc bo v cc im ni. V d: Tt c cc im ni phi c bc
trm ln nhau mt on khng nh hn 50mm v c b tr sao cho rc nc. Tt c cc
ng ni n c ng knh 6mm phi dng silicon;
+ Nu bin php bc bo v cc im ng. V d: S dng cc ai bng thp khng
r 316 12mm x 0,5mm, c b tr ph hp ti cc im ng v c khong cch cch
nhau ti a l 600mm;
+ Nu bin php bc bo v ct 90. V d: Tt c cc ct 90 phi c t nht 5 on
chng, chiu dy mi on chng l 50mm, c ph silicon im ni v c gi c
nh;
271
+ Nu bin php gia c tng cng cc gi treo ng. V d: Tt c cc gi treo ng phi

c gia c thm bng thp khng r 316 dy 0,5mm gia cc gi treo v lp v bc ng.
- i vi vic cch nhit cho my lm lnh trung tm v thp gii nhit
+ Nu yu cu lm sch b mt ng trc khi bc cch nhit. V d: Trc khi lp vt
liu cch nhit, phi lm sch cc b mt ng mch khi cu cn, g st, du m v bi
bn;
+ Nu tiu chun p dng i vi vt liu cch nhit cho my lm lnh trung tm v
thp gii nhit. V d: Vt liu cch nhit l cc tm polystyrene hoc cc tm vt liu
mm chng chy tun theo ASHRAE vi kh nng dn nhit sau su thng khng vt qu
0,038W/mK nhit trung bnh 0C;
+ Nu chiu dy lp bc cch nhit i vi cc khyu ng ca cc ng bay hi t hai
lp tr ln. V d: Tt c cc khyu ng ca cc ng bay hi t hai lp tr ln c bc
lp cch nhit dy 50mm;
+ Nu yu cu lm kn i vi cc cc thnh dn bay hi bng l nhm v cc ch ni.
V d: Tt c cc thnh dn bay hi bng l nhm v tt c cc ch ni phi c dn bng
v lm kn;
+ Nu yu cu i vi vt liu dn lp bc cch nhit. V d: S dng vt liu dn
tng thch vi lp cch nhit v ng ng trc khi bc lp cch nhit cho nhng ni
ni ng v gn kn m bo khng b h v st ti kh;
+ Nu bin php bc bo v lp cch nhit ca ng ng lnh v cc mi ni i ngoi
tri. V d: S dng cc tm kim loi cun kn cc lp cch nhit ca ng ng lnh v
cc mi ni i ngoi tri;
+ Nu bin php lm kn cc mi ni vi my lm lnh v kt nc. V d: Dng cc
tm kim loi d tho ri lm kn cc mi ni vi my lm lnh v kt nc. La chn
vt liu
cch nhit thch hp cho kt nc n khng dnh vo b mt kim loi ca kt.
- i vi vic cch nhit cho bm nc lnh
+ Nu vt liu cch nhit cho bm nc lnh. V d: Tt c cc bm nc lnh c
cch nhit bng bt polyrethane. Bt c dn nhit l 0,023W/m2K v mt ti thiu l
272
48kg/m3;
+ Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch v cch nhit dng bc bm nc lnh. V d:
V cch nhit c lm t tm thp m km dy 0,71mm theo dng hp, vi khong cch
ti thiu gia thn bm v v l 50mm. V cch nhit c lm thnh 2 na v phn bn
trn c
lp kn vi phn phia di bng di nhm v kp cht;
+ Nu trnh t v phng php bc cch nhit cho bm nc lnh. V d: Trc tin
bm nc lnh c bc trong v cch nhit c th tho ra c. Khi t v cch nhit
vo v tr, bt polyrethane s c bm vo khong trng gia v cch nhit v thn bm.
Khi bt kt li, v pha trn s c tho ra v lp cch nhit nm gia hai na bm.
Sau , lp v cch nhit hon thin c lp vo nh trc. Cn m bo lp bt
polyrethane s khng dnh vo thn bm nh lp ph ngoi thch hp trn thn bm (theo
khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut bt);
- i vi vic cch nhit cho thit b qut-dn lnh trung tm (AHU)
+ Nu vt liu cch nhit bn trong thit b qut-dn lnh trung tm. V d: Thit b
qut-dn lnh trung tm kh c cch nhit bn trong bng si thy tinh c dy 50mm
v vi mt 32kg/m3 hoc bng bt polyrethane c dn nhit ti a l 0,035W/mK ti
nhit trung bnh 24C;
+ Nu vt liu v quy cch cch nhit cho khay hng ca thit b qut-dn lnh trung
tm. V d: Cc khay hng c thit k nghing v pha ng thot. S dng mt lp cch
nhit bn ngoi dy 25mm vi mt 32kg/m3 cho khay hng ngn nc ngng t trn
cnh bn ngoi v cch ly khay hng vi v;
+ Nu bin php ngn nc chy lch ra khi khay do lung kh v ngn r nc, r
st. V d: Cung cp thit b lm bng thp khng r ngn nc chy lch ra khi khay
do lung kh v ngn r nc v r st.
- i vi vic cch nhit cho cc dn lnh
+ Nu vt liu v quy cch lp cch nhit v cch n cho cc dn lnh. V d: Cc dn
lnh c cch nhit v cch n bng cc tm len hoc bng cc si bng thu tinh dy
50mm vi mt khng di 28kg/m3;
273
+ Nu bin php bo v b mt dn lnh. V d: Trn b mt dn lnh c bo v

bng
cc tm kim loi lt mng v c lp t bng vt c m;
+ Nu bin php cch nhit cho cc h thm v cc im ni. V d: Cc h thm v
cc im ni c cch nhit bng lp v ngoi lt trm chiu dy khng nh hn 25mm.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu cc cng vic cn thc hin trpc khi cch nhit cho ng ng. V d: Ch c
bc lp cch nhit cho ng ng sau khi lm xong cc cng vic th nghim ton h
thng, bm y mi cht lnh, kim tra r r v x l chng g.
- Nu bin php cch nhit ch c van v mt bch. V d: Lp cch nhit ch c van
v mt bch phi lm ring bit khi cn c th tho ri ra c.
- Nu cht liu v quy cch vt liu cch nhit. V d: Cht liu v quy cch vt liu cch
nhit phi ph hp vi yu cu k thut, phi dn cht, ri u, buc cht, khng b trn
tut, b lng, b t.
- Nu quy cch lp v bc ngoi lp cch nhit cng hoc na cng. V d: Lp v bc
ngoi lp cch nhit cng hoc na cng phi kn kht, khe h gia cc mi ni khng
c qu 2mm v phidng cht kt dnh dnh lin li, cc khe ngang phi so le. Khi
lp cch nhit c chiu dy ln hn 100mm th lp cch nhit phi c dn lm 2 tng,
gia cc tng phi c p cht.
- Nu quy cch lp cch nhit bng cht liu ri v cht liu mm. V d: Lp cch nhit
bng cht liu ri v cht liu mm phi p cht th tch li cho t yu cu v dung lng.
Khi buc cc loi vt liu giy tm vo ng ng phi m bo khng c khe h v cc
mi ni.
- Nu yu cu thi cng lp chng m. V d:
+ Lp chng m phi dnh cht trn lp cch nhit, phi bc tht kn, khng c cc
khuyt tt nh thiu ht, phng kh, gy gp, rn nt;
+ Lp chng m phi c t t pha u thp ln dn pha u cao ca ng ng.
Mi ni gia hai lp theo chiu ngang phi t sao cho lp trn phi kn lp pha di, khe
ni theo chiu dc phi bn cnh ng n;
274
+ Khi dng vt liu cun lm lp chng m th c th dng kiu cun xon c

cun pha trn lp cch nhit, mp chng tip gip ca vt liu cun nn l 30 50mm;.
+ Dng giy du lm lp cch m c th lm bng cch bao cun li, mp chng ni
ca vt liu cun l 50 60mm.
- Nu yu cu thi cng lp bo v. V d:
+ Thi cng lp bo v phi khng lm hng lp chng m;
+ Ch to v x l chng n mn lp bo v bng kim loi phi ph hp vi yu cu
thit k, nh phi ni chng ln nhau, ch chng tip nn bng 30 40mm. Ch chng
tip c lm cht bng inh vt t cng, inh tn ko v buc cht;
+ Lp bo v lm bng vt liu qut th t l pha trn vt liu phi chnh xc, dy
phi u
n, b mt phi nhn phng, khng c khe nt.
- Nu yu cu lm kn kht cc ch u ca lp cch nhit. V d: Cc ch u ca lp
cch nhit phi c x l kn kht.
7.3.5.3 Cch nhit ng ng gi
a. Yu cu k thut
- Yu cu chung
+ Nu quy cch bc cch nhit cho ng ng gi. V d: Cch nhit phi c ni
kn, c bc trn cc b mt sch, c p cht vo b mt cch nhit v khng b x
nhn bi cc u ni. Cc b mt cch nhit phi khng b ng sng trong trng hp
dn nc lnh hoc b long trc khi nhit qu 50C;
+ Nu vt liu cch nhit cho ng ng gi. V d:
a) ng gi ch nht, ng gi cp, ng gi hi v ng gi thi loi giu trn: Vt liu
l si khong blanket dy 50mm;
b) ng gi ch nht, ng gi cp, ng gi hi v ng gi thi loi trn: Vt liu
l si khong blanket, dy 50mm, v ngoi bng vi rp v c yu cu cht bay hi
chm;
275
c) ng gi ch nht, ng gi cp, ng gi hi, cp gi chnh trong khu nh biu

din, th vin v cch nhit pha trong ng ng: Vt liu l tm si khong, dy
50mm, tm c khoan l v c ghim bng inh.
+ Nu tnh cht ca vt liu cch nhit ng ng gi. V d: Vt liu cch nhit phi
c di chng chy khng vt qu 0,0,0,0, khng ht m v c h s dn nhit ln nht l
0,04 W/mK nhit 20 C.
- i vi vic cch nhit bn ngoi ng ng gi
+ Nu yu cu bc bo n chng r kh cho ng ng cp gi. V d: Tt c cc
ng ng cung cp gi cho h thng iu ho khng kh, nu khng c cch nhit tiu
m th phi c bc bo n chng r kh bn ngoi. Chiu dy lp bo n l 25 mm;
+ Nu yu cu bc bo n chng r kh cho cc ng ng cp gi ca h thng iu
ho khng kh c nhit thp v hi m. V d: Cc tm bo n chng r kh c lp
cho tt c cc ng cp gi ca h thng iu ho khng kh c nhit thp v hi m;
+ Nu vt liu bo n chng r kh. V d: Cc tm bo n chng r kh c th l si
len t nhin hoc l bng thu tinh c ai bc bng si nhm, c chiu dy khng nh hn
0,76mm v c h s dn nhit khng ln hn 0,036 W/mC nhit 24C;
+ Nu cc v tr lp t v quy cch lp bo n. V d: Bo n phi c p dng cho
tt
c cc b mt ca ng ng gi, bao gm c bch ni sn tng cng v gi vi ai
bc bng phoi nhm. Chiu dy ai ti thiu l 50mm v c dn bng keo khng bt la.
Nhng im ni bng keo v ni bng bng c chiu rng khng nh hn 75mm. S dng
cc kp v ghim di b mt ca cc ng ln cng vi keo dnh chng vng lp bo n.
- i vi vic cch nhit bn trong ng ng gi
+ Nu yu cu tiu m bn trong ng ng gi trong phng my. V d: Tt c cc
ng ng cp gi v tun hon gi trong phng my, ng ngl cc ng ng c gn
bn trong lp tiu m;
+ Nu chiu dy lp cch nhit ng ng gi c tit din nh. V d: Cc ng ng
cp gi c tit din nh c cch nhit vi chiu dy ti thiu lp cch nhit l 10mm;
276
+ Nu tnh cht ca vt liu cch m ng ng gi. V d: Tt c cc ng ng gi

c cch m tun theo ASHRAE v c kt qu bo m mc bt la 0, mc lan la 0,
mc pht nhit 0 v mc pht khi 0.
- i vi vic cch nhit ng ni mm
+ Nu yu cu cch nhit ng ni mm ca ng ng gi. V d: Cc ng ni mm
linh hot c dng cung cp v tun hon gi hoc gim m s c bc cch
nhit;
+ Nu yu cu i vi vt liu cch nhit ng ni mm ca ng ng gi. V d: Vt
liu cch nhit l bng thu tinh vi chiu dy 25mm bn ngoi. Vt liu cch nhit phi
m bo kn trong khi un lp t. V bc ngoi dng phoi nhm.
- i vi vic cch nhit cho ng ng c kh nng chng chy
+ Nu yu cu cch nhit i vi ng ng c kh nng chng chy. V d: ng
ng c kh nng chng chy phi c mc chng chy c ph duyt. Vt liu cch nhit
lp trn ng ng kim loi phi khng cha aming;
+ Nu tnh cht ca lp vt liu hon thin. V d: Lp vt liu hon thin c chiu dy
khng vt qu 120mm v chu c la trong 2 gi, mc chng chy phi c nh chc
trch ph duyt v kim tra vi ng ng d nh.
b. Yu cu lp t
- Nu yu cu kim nghim cht lng trc khi bc cch nhit. V d: Ch sau khi
kim
nghim cht lng ch to v lp t hp chun, ng ng gi, cc chi tit, thit b lp
trn ng ng gi mi c bc cch nhit.
- Nu yu cu lm sch b mt trc khi bc cch nhit ng ng gi. V d: B mt
ng ng gi phi c lm sch v kh ro trc khi bc cch nhit, cn tho b nhng
g
trn b mt ng ng c nh hng n vic bc cch nhit.
- Nu yu cu cht lng lp cch nhit. V d: Lp cch nhit phi bng phng, kn, chc,
khng c khuyt tt nh khe nt, khe h.
- Nu quy cch ca lp bc cch nhit. V d:
277
+ Bc cch nhit theo phng php ti thiu ho s u ni;

+ Bc cht theo chiu di vi cc ng ni v im kt thc cc mi ni. Lp cch
nhit phi bng phng, kn, chc, khng c khuyt tt nh khe nt, khe h;
+ Lin kt cc ng ni vi mi ni bng loi anhit do nh sn xut vt liu cch
nhit khuyn co.
- Nu lu khi dng vt liu kt dnh lin kt lp cch nhit. V d:
+ Vt liu kt dnh phi c qut u trn b mt ng ng v thit b. Tm cch
nhit phi dnh cht vo ng ng v thit b;
+ Khe ni ngang v dc ca tm cch nhit phi so le nhau;
+ Sau khi dn tm cch nhit phi c bao b hoc buc cht, ch bao b chng tip ln
nhau phi u v cht, bao b khng c lm hng lp cch nhit.
- Nu lu khi dng vt liu cun hoc vt liu ri cch nhit cho ng ng gi v
thit b. V d: Nu dng vt liu cun hoc vt liu ri cch nhit cho ng ng gi
v thit b th dy ca vt liu phi u, b cht, khng c cho vt liu ri l ra
ngoi. Khng c dng vt liu ri cha gia cng cch nhit cho h thng lm sch
khng kh.
- Nu lu khi dng vi thy tinh, vi nha lm lp cch nhit. V d: Khi dng vi
thy tinh, vi nha lm lp cch nhit phi chng ni u n, cht phi nh nhau.
- Nu lu khi dng giy du bc lp cch nhit cho ng ng gi v thit b. V d:
Khi dng giy du bc lp cch nhit cho ng ng gi v thit b, ch chng nhau phi
thun theo chiu nc chy, ly hc n dn li ri buc cht, khng c bong ra.
- Nu lu khi dng tm thp mng lm lp bo v cho ng gi ngoi nh. V d:
Khi dng tm thp mng lm lp bo v cho ng gi ngoi nh, mch ni phi thun
theo chiu nc chy trnh nc r vo.
- Nu yu cu i vi vt liu lp cch nhit ng gi pha trc v pha sau b gia nhit
bng in. V d: Lp cch nhit ng gi trong phm vi 800mm pha trc v pha sau b
gia nhit bng in phi c lm t vt liu khng chy.
- Nu quy cch ph kin hon thin cho bc cch nhit. V d:
278
+ Ph kin hon thin cho bc cch nhit phi theo hng dn ca nh sn xut vi b
mt phng v nhn. Khng c b trng bt k v tr no theo sut chiu di ng ng
v cc ch ni;
+ S dng ph kin ph hp vi vt liu bc cch nhit v d dng cho cng tc sa
cha. Cc ph kin phi khng b n mn, khng b lm mm hoc khng nh hng n
vt liu cch
nhit v v bc trong cc trng thi m cng nh kh
- Nu gii hn kt thc cch nhit ca ng ng gi. V d:
+ Ti cc v tr dng Silicol, kt thc cch nhit bng loi hp cht do nh sn xut
khuyn co duy tr lp Silicol;
+ ng ng gi i qua trn c cch nhit pha trong ti im ngang bng vi mi;
+ ng ng gi i qua tng trong nh v vch ngn c cch nhit bnh thng
cc v tr i qua tng v vch ngn, tr cc tng v vch ngn chng chy;
+ ng ng gi i qua tng v vch ngn chng chy, kt thc cch nhit cc v tr
ca cc tm chn khi/ chy;
+ ng ng gi i qua sn c kt thc cch nhit pha di mt sn v ti gi
mt trn ca sn.
7.3.6 Qun l ting n v rung ng c kh
7.3.6.1 Yu cu k tht
- Nu tiu chun chung v gii hn ting n i vi thit b. V d:
+ n tch t trong khng kh ca cng trnh khng vt qu 5 dB so vi n nn
khu vc nhy cm vi ting n gn nht trong thi gian vn hnh thit b;
+ Nu n tch t ca thit b bao gm m n hoc m thanh ngt qung m thu ht
s ch nht nh n bn thn ting n th n khng c vt qu n nn.
- Nu tiu chun v gii hn ting n i vi thit b ring l. V d:
+ n ca bt k thit b ring l no khng c vt qu 5dB so vi nn c s
c ly 5 mt t u ht/ u x nhng ni gn vi li i thng thng, khu vc cng
cng, khu vc nhn vin hoc khu vc ngi i b;
279
+ Ting n n l hay tch t ca cc thit b khng c gy nn ting di i vi

chnh cng trnh hay bt k cng trnh thng mi no khc vt qu tiu chun v ting
n bn trong
nh qua ca s, mi, sn hoc cc li gin tip khc.
- Nu tiu chun v gii hn ting n i vi thit b d phng/ thit b dng trong trng
hp khn cp (my pht/ UPS v.v...). V d:
+ n tch t trong khng kh i vi cc thit b ny trong qu trnh chy th hoc
trong trng hp khn cp khng c vt qu 15 dBA (i vi cng trnh thng mi/
cng nghip) v 10 dBA (i vi cng trnh nh ) so vi n nn sawnx c cc khu
vc nhy cm vi ting n gn nht trong qu trnh vn hnh thit b. Hn na, n
khng c vt qu 65 dBA (i vi cng trnh thng mi/ cng nghip) v 55 dBA/45
dBA (i vi cng trnh nh vo ban ngy/ ban m) so vi n ti khu vc ranh gii
nhy cm vi ting n;
+ n tch t ca cc thit b khng c gy nn ting di i vi cng trnh
vt qu 10 dBA so vi tiu chun ting n bn trong qua ca s, sn, mi v cc li gin
tip khc.
- Nu gii hn ting n c quy nh cho cc khu vc khc nhau trong cng trnh. V d:
+ Cc h thng k thut i qua khng gian trn trn, qua cc tng ngn v dc cc
hp k thut ng cn phi c xem xt kh nng c th gim bt nhu cu v cch m v
cc bin php cch m xung quanh hoc bn trong cc hng mc cn c xem xt c th
trong tng trng hp;
+ Gii hn n c xut cho cc khu vc khc nhau trong cng trnh c quy
nh trong bng sau:
V tr/ loi phng
Gii hn ting n
Phng lm vic khng gian rng
45 dB (NR40) (v)
Phng lm vic, phng hp giao ban v.v...
40 dB (NR35) (v)
Snh, khu vc l tn v hnh lang
45 dB (NR40) (v)
Hi trng
40 dB (NR35) (v)
Phng lp hc
40 dB (NR35) (v)
Khu vc biu din ngh thut
30 dB (NR25) (v)
280
Khu vc th vin
35 dB (NR30) (v)
Phng v sinh
45 dB (NR40) (v)
Kho
55 dB (NR50) (v)
- Nu bin php chng rung, chng n truyn qua kt cu. V d:

+ Thit b chnh v cc thit b ph tr phi c lp t cng vi bin php chng
rung
c la chn sao cho hiu sut chng rung t 95% gia thit b v kt cu lin k. Tt c
cc thit b phi c m chng n ngn vi kt cu nhm gim bt ting n truyn qua
kt cu;
+ Tt c h thng chng rung, chng n phi c xem xt trn nhu cu p ng s
km ch/ tng cng d chn mt cch thch hp. Cc h thng phi ph hp vi cc
tiu chun v lut l ca a phng, tiu chun khu vc. Loi khung m c a chung
hn nhng c th khng kh thi nu phi tho mn cc yu cu v d chn. Vic km ch
trn khng c hn ch hiu sut chng rung ca h thng h tr. Cn cn thn m
bo cc kt cu siu tnh c s dng nhm p ng cc yu cu , v d i vi kt cu
ngm.
- Nu cc bin php chng rung, chng n i vi cc my pht d phng. V d: Cc my
pht d phng cn c b chng rung, chng n c la chn cn thn v do chnh nh
bn thit b hoc nh thu ph cung cp (b cch rung dng kh nn phi c xem mu
trc).
- Nu cc bin php chng rung, chng n i vi cc my bm ln hoc cc b my bm.
V d: Cc my bm ln hoc cc b my bm cn c t trn cc chn c trng
lng ti thiu bng 15 ln trng lng ca bm. Cc chn phi c bng khung
l xo m c vng tnh l 25 mm v c m chng n.
- Nu cc bin php chng rung, chng n i vi cc qut ln. V d: Cc qut ln cn
c lin kt bng l xo m cho php vng tnh l 25 mm. Ton b thit b phi
c t trn m cao su dy 10 15 mm cho php vng tnh l 1 2 mm. Cc qut v
h thng khc cn c thit b chng rung, chng n thch hp.
- Nu cc bin php chng rung, chng n i vi cc ng ln trong gian my hoc chy
qua mi trn khu vc nhn vin. V d: Cc ng ng ln cn c chng rung l cc
281
ng ng c ng knh ti thiu l 50 mm, i trong gian my hoc i qua cc khu vc

nhy cm ni ng i qua, bt k on no di hn. Cc ng ln trong gian my hoc chy
qua mi trn khu vc nhn vin, nh cc ng t my pht d phng, my bm nc lnh
v.v... phi c bin php chng rung v ngn ting n thch hp (nh cc gi treo chng
rung c m ngn ting n ng v cc gi n hi xung quanh cc ng trn mi).
- Nu cc bin php chng rung, chng n i vi cc thit b lm lnh khng kh v thp
gii nhit. V d: Cc thit b lm lnh khng kh v thp gii nhit phi c tch khi cc
kt cu nh mt cch ph hp, tu thuc vo chng loi thit b v v tr c th. Cc thit b
phi c t trn m cao su cho php vng tnh ti thiu l 2 3 mm.
- Nu cc yu cu khc i vi vic chng rung, chng n. V d:
+ Cc h thng qut cn c khng gian gim rung theo chiu di (v d ti thiu
l 1,5 m di) v/ hoc ng gi di ti thiu l 5 10 m;
+ Thit k cu trc bn trn cn c khng gian h tr chng rung cho thit b;
+ Tt c cc bin php kim sot ting n v rung, vic la chn thit b gim rung,
v.v... phi c cc nh t vn m thanh thng qua;
+ Tt c cc tiu chun ca a phng khc vi tiu chun trn cn c cc nh t
vn v m thanh hoc c quan chc nng thch hp khc xc nhn;
+ n tch t phi c th hin di dng thng s LAeq (A - n lin tc tng
ng)
c o trong khong thi gian qu thi gian mu khng t hn 15 pht;
+ To nh nhy cm vi ting n c th l nh , to nh thng mi hoc cng cng.
iu ny c th c xc nh theo iu kin c th ti cng trng;
+ n ti a phi c th hin di dng thng s Laeq c o trong mt khong
thi gian nht nh khong 23 pht i vi thit b vn hnh lin tc hoc trong mt
khong thi gian di hn i vi thit b c s thay i v n theo chu k. n ti a
phi o khi thit b vn hnh trong trng thi bnh thng;
+ nhng gian my c th c n vt qu 80 dBA v thit b vn hnh lin tc
trong iu kin bnh thng, cn c bin php hp th m thanh ti cc b mt gim bt
n .
282
- Nu yu cu v vic la chn vt liu ch to ng tiu m. V d: La chn vt liu ch

to ng tiu m phi ph hp vi cc yu cu chng chy, chng n mn v chng m.
- Nu yu cu ch to tm c l ca ng tiu m. V d: Tm c l ca ng tiu m phi
bng phng. Hng l phi thng v b mt phi trn, nhn.
- Nu yu cu ch to h khung ca ng tiu m. V d: H khung ca ng tiu m phi
chc chn, ch ni vch ngn vi thnh ng phi kn kht.
- Nu yu cu ch to vt liu ht m t bn trong ng tiu m. V d: Vt liu ht m t
bn trong ng tiu m phi u n v chc chn, b mt phi bng phng.
7.3.6.2 Yu cu lp t
- Nu cc lu v vic b tr thit b in v c kh trong h thng iu ha khng kh v
thng gi. V d:
+ Cn ch khi la chn v b tr cc thit b in v c kh m bo ting n hoc
chn ng do chng to ra khng gy nh hng cho dn c sng trong nh c lp t
cc thit b hoc cho dn c khu vc ln cn;
+ c bit ch ti cch b tr cc thit b nm bn ngoi nh nh thp gii nhit,
cc qut treo bn ngoi, cc my iu ha khng kh loi 1 cc;
+ Cn ch ti vic b tr cc ca ly v x gi pha bn ngoi nh ngn nga cc
m thanh ngoi mun t trong ra hoc t ngoi vo.
- Nu lu khi lp t b phn tiu m, chng n. V d: Cc loi vt liu tiu m rt d b
h hng bi tc ng c hc v b ph hy nghim trng nu b m. V vy, cn bo qun
nghim ngt c trong thi gian bo qun trong kho, trong khi lp t v trong thi gian ch
bn giao.
- Nu lu khi bo v b phn chng rung. V d: Cc b phn chng rung bao gm l xo
thp, cc vt liu n hi v cao su trong cc thit b cch ly. Cc loi vt liu ny c th
b h hi do tc ng c hc hoc do cc cht lng ph hy nh du mV vy, phi ch
bo v chng.
- Nu lu khi bo v cc ng ni mm. V d: Cc ng ni mm cn c bo v khi s
tc ng c hc. Cn ch ngn nga s qu ti ca cc b phn chng rung trong qu
trnh lp t.
283
7.3.7 Cc thit b o m
7.3.7.1 Lu lng k
a. Yu cu chung
- Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic cung cp cc lu lng k (b cm bin dng)
o lu lng nc sau bnh bay hi. V d: Cung cp cc lu lng k kiu cm bin dng
nh th hin trn cc bn v o lu lng nc sau bnh bay hi.
- Nu kiu loi v cp bo v cc lu lng k. V d: Cc lu lng k l cc b cm bin
dng loi t tnh c cp bo v IP68.
- Nu vt liu ch to cc u bo ca lu lng k t tnh. V d: Cc u bo ca lu
lng k t tnh c lm t thp khng r loi 316, tr khi c quy nh khc.
- Nu vt liu lt ng o. V d: ng o c lt vi teflon, neoprene, polyurethane hoc
vt liu khc c ph chun.
- Nu vt liu ch to in cc. V d: in cc c lm t thp khng r SS316 v c
kh nng chng n mn i vi cht lng.
- Nu yu cu lp t thit b cm bin cht lng vi lu lng k t tnh. V d: Lu
lng k t tnh c lp vi mt thit b cm bin cht lng ngn tn hiu ra t b o
in/ my pht khi u d khng c lm y hon ton.
- Nu yu cu cung cp cc chi tit ng lt lp bch cho lu lng k t tnh. V d: Cung
cp cc chi tit ng lt lp bch cho lu lng k t tnh chn vo trong cc ng ng,
tho cc my o v s dng nh mt khun khi lp t.
- Nu yu cu gia cng cc mt bch ca ng lt v lu lng k in t. V d: Cc mt
bch ca ng lt v lu lng k in t c khoan theo BS 4504 NP16.
- Nu yu cu cung cp v lp t cc khp ni bch. V d: Cung cp v lp t cc khp
ni bch thun tin cho vic lp t v bo tr thit b.
- Nu yu cu i vi kh c o ca cc lu lng k t tnh. V d: Cc lu lng k t
tnh c kh c o kim thch hp cho khong lu lng xc nh, c th o gia 0 v 125%
tr s lu lng ln nht.
284
- Nu yu cu v tnh tng thch gia cht lng c o v thn b cm bin dng. V d:

Cht lng c o v thn b cm bin dng phi c cng in th.
- Nu yu cu cung cp mt lin kt in gia thn lu lng k v ng lin k khi lp lu
lng k trong ng dn. V d: Khi lp lu lng k trong ng dn, cung cp mt lin kt
in gia thn lu lng k v ng lin k. Khi lp trong ng c cch nhit hoc khng
dn nhit, cn cung cp cc mt bch ni t.
- Nu yu cu khi lp cc lu lng k trn h thng c in p chng ca tt. V d: Phi
lu cc khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut i vi lu lng k khi chng c lp trn h
thng c in p chng ca tt.
b. i vi cc thnh phn o lu lng
- Nu c ch chuyn i tn hiu i vi gi tr lu lng o c. V d: Gi tr lu lng
o c c chuyn thnh cc tn hiu 420 milliAmp bng b chuyn i/ my pht
truyn i lng lu lng nc o c v ngng/ tip tc tc ng khi t c
gi tr nh trc.
- Nu kiu loi v quy cch cc my pht. V d: Cc my pht l loi in t (hoc loi
tng ng c ph duyt) c cc thnh phn thch hp s dng vi cc chnh lch
p sut t cc b cm bin dng v c chnh xc khng di +1,5% ton thang o. Cc
lu lng k t tnh c chc nng giao tip vi b iu khin s trc tip (DDC) hin
th lu lng nc sau bnh bay hi.
- Nu cc yu cu khi lp t lu lng k trn cc on ng. V d: Bt k v tr cc lu
lng k trn cc bn v, vic lp t chng phi p ng yu cu ti thiu v on ng
thng cng chiu hoc ngc chiu vi lu lng k theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
7.3.7.2 ng h nc
Nu yu cu i vi nh thu v vic cung cp cc ng h nc. V d: Nh thu cung
cp cc ng h nc loi cm bin dng o mc nc tiu th. Mc tiu th c hin
th ti b iu khin s trc tip (DDC).
7.3.7.3 Nhit k
- Nu quy cch nhit k. V d: Nhit k c thang o 225mm loi c th iu chnh vi v
hnh ch V, mt trc bng knh, ct s ch mu cha thu ngn, v bng thp khng r.
V nhit k c np mi trng dn nhit thch hpti cc v tr c th hin trn bn
285
v. Cc nhit k c chia theo thang C v chng c la chn da trn khong gia

ca thang o trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng.
- Nu mc o v chnh xc ca nhit k. V d: Nhit k c mc o t 0 150C cho h
thng nc nng v t 0 50C cho h thng nc lnh v ngng. chnh xc theo sai
s ti a l 1% ca di o.
- Nu v tr lp t cc nhit k. V d: Cc nhit k c lp t trn cc ng cp v thot
ca tt c cc thit b qut dn lnh trung tm (AHU), trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm
v ti cc v tr th hin trn bn v.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc v tr lp t b cm bin nhit cao cch sn 3mm. V d:
Vi cc v tr lp t b cm bin nhit cao cch sn 3mm, cn cung cp cc b hin
th nhit bu k t xa vi thit b o nhit lp trn bng kim loi.
7.3.7.4 H o nhit
Nu v tr lp t cc h o nhit . V d: Cc h o nhit c b tr bn trong v
bn
ngoi ca cc vng ng tun hon ti cc thit b trao i nhit.
7.3.7.5 p k
- Nu quy cch p k. V d: p k c ng knh 150mm v c v st trng men mu
en, c ren ng knh 150mm, vng m bng ng m crm c ren, ng l xo bng
ng, iu chnh theo micromt. Cung cp trc lm m, cc ph tng ng c lm t thp
m km v van kho bng ng thch hp vi p sut lm vic nh c xc nh trong
cc bn v. Cc p k c chia theo n v kPa v c khong chia thch hp cho ch
yu cu, vi p sut hot ng thng thng ti im gia ca khong o.
- Nu yu cu cung cp cc bu k cho cc p k. V d: Cung cp bu k c su thch
hp cho tt c cc p k. di thn chm ti thiu l 100mm hoc phi chm ti
nc gii nhit/ ngng qua lp cch nhit, c th o chnh xc.
- Nu v tr lp t cc p k. V d: Cc p k c lp t trn cc ng cp v x ca tt
c cc thit b qut dn lnh trung tm (AHU), trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm, my
bm v ti cc v tr c ch trn bn v.
286
- Nu yu cu i vi cc v tr lp t b cm bin p sut cao hn sn 3mm. V d: Vi

cc v tr lp t b cm bin p sut cao hn sn 3mm, phi cung cp cc ng h ch p
sut t xa vi cc my o p sut c lp trn mt bng kim loi.
7.3.7.6 u ni van o p sut
Nu yu cu cung cp u ni van o p sut. V d: Khi khng s dng van iu chnh 2
cp khng ch lu lng, phi cung cp u o p sut c van kho van iu tit
lung thay th hoc gia u ni thay th m cc mc c s c cung cp.
7.3.8 Cc thit b, ph tng v ph kin in
7.3.8.1 Trch nhim ca nh thu c kh i vi cc cng vic v in
- Nu trch nhim ca nh thu c kh i vi cc cng vic v in v tiu chun p dng
khi lp t in. V d: Vic lp t in phi do nh thu c kh thc hin tun theo tiu
chun IEC 60439.
- Nu phm vi cng vic v in. V d: Cc cng vic v in bao gm vic cung cp, lp
t, u chnh, kim tra v bo dng h thng in hon chnh kt hp vi phn lp t
c kh. C th l:
+ Cung cp, lp t bng chuyn mch ca h thng c kh trung tm iu khin ng
c nh ch ra trong bn v i km vi cc thit b ngt cch ly, khi ng t, r le
cho vic iu khin cc thit b c kh;
+ i dy dn iu khin v ng lc gia cc ng c khi ng t, thit b cch ly t
t in ca h thng c kh, bao gm c cng vic lp t c kh;
+ iu khin cc thit b ng ngt gn k cho tng hng mc gian my;
+ Cung cp cc thit b bo v chng qu ti v qu nhit;
+ Cung cp v ni kt cc thit b c lin quan nh cu dao cch ly, khi ng t, khi
ng nhit ... vn hnh thit b;
+ Kim tra v nghim thu;
+ Bo qun h thng.
7.3.8.2 Yu cu i vi cc thit b, ph tng v ph kin in
287
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b ng ngt, thit b iu khin, cc ph tng v ph kin

Cc thit b ng ngt, thit b iu khin, cc ph tng v ph kin phi m bo s ng
b v kiu cch v nh sn xut trong sut qu trnh lp t.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic cn bng ti gia cc pha. V d: Ti phi cn bng gia cc
pha cung cp mc cao nht c th.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra in. V d: Cc kim tra phi c thc hin theo
tng phn v c s chng kin ca gim st, bao gm:
+ Kim tra tnh lin tc ca h thng ni t, in tr ni t, ni mch v cc tun
theo IEC 60364;
+ Kim tra dng lm vic ca tt c cc ng c, b sy v cc ti khc. Kim tra s
vn hnh v t ch qu ti ca ng c (r le qu ti nhit, u cm ng nhit, r le
u cm ng nhit), kim tra chc nng ca mch iu khin v h thng kho lin ng.
- Nu danh mc cc bn v v in. V d: Cc bn v in phi bao gm:
+ Cc bn v s in ng lc, in iu khin v in tn hiu;
+ Bn v bng chuyn mch v s i dy cho tt c cc thit b c lp t v trnh
4 bn in v file CAD mi b Ch u t/ Thit k ph duyt trc khi thc hin cng
vic. S i dy cn ch ra tt c cc mch v s hiu u ni ca mch. Phi c mt bn
v khng bc mu v s i dy vi t l in thch hp. Bn v ny c lp trong khung
knh gn trn t in.
- Nu ngun cp in cho h thng. V d: Ngun cp in l ngun n 415/240 V; 3 pha
c trung tnh; 4 dy; tn s 50Hz
- Nu yu cu i vi vic nhn bit mu. V d:
+ Nhn bit m mu, nhn hiu s i dy ca bng chuyn mch ph s c m
ho theo mu ti mi u mch t in chnh. Cc t in ph c m ho ti u
ngun v u
ra chi tit v kch c, s hiu v vt liu ca dy dn in;
+ Tng mch in ring s c phn pha theo mu v i cng nhau (Pha A, B, C v
N) vi khong cch xp x 0,6 m khi i qua vng cp ca t in v trong ng cp;
288
+ Dy iu khin s c m ho mu ph hp vi h thng (v d dy hot ng

chung tn hiu).
- Nu yu cu ni t cho ton b h thng. V d: Ni t cho ton b h thng c lp
t tun theo tiu chun IEC 60364 v i dy v theo yu cu ca quy nh v nh phn
phi in a phng.
- Nu phng php i dy. V d: Mi phng php i dy tun theo cc iu kin tng
ng ca ch dn k thut ny, kch thc ti thiu ca dy dn cho mng ng lc l 2,5
mm2, cho mng iu khin l 1 mm2. Tt c cc dy i trong TPI s dng mch vng. Tt
c di chng chy ca cp i trn mng cp phi c Ch u t ph duyt. Dy iu
khin v ng lc cho lp t in lin quan n phn c s c thc hin theo phng
php sau:
+ Dy dn in TPI s i trong ng thp trng km hoc ng lun dy bng thp trng
km treo cao v i trn b mt, i trong khong trng ca trn, khong trng ca mi hoc
trong ng ng;
+ Dy dn TPS c b tr gin cch trn din tch tip cn hoc TPI i trong ng cp
bng
kim loi cch in PVC hoc ng lun dy bng thp v i ngm trong ct hoc tng;
+ Dy dn phi c i trong ng lun dy nm trong ct b tng, tng b tng,
tng xy
hoc sau vt liu g ti cc b mt hon thin khc.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc ng lun dy. V d: Tt c ng lun dy phi:
+ c lp t dng mch vng trong h thng;
+ Khng c cc mi ni ng (ngoi hp ni dy, hp tng, ct hoc ng lng);
+ C ng knh ti thiu l 20 mm;
+ c lp t sao cho dy dn c lun vo ng ti v tr cm, cng tc v thit b
ng ngt;
+ c che khut khi chy trong trn, tm b tng, khong trng ca tng gch hay i
trong cc thnh tng xy (tr khi c nhng ch nh ring);
289
+ Mi mch in dng cho bm v trm sn xut nc lnh trung tm s khng i

chung mt ng lun dy;
+ Phi ch r tt c cc hng i khc nhau khi i ngm trong kt cu;
+ Khi lp t, c s dng cc thit b un cong ng ng c ph duyt c ngn
nga
vic lm mo m (khng cho php dng nhit b cong ng ng);
+ Phi b tr cch xa cc lp cch nhit khi i trong khng gian trn;
+ Phi c hp i dy trn tng bng thp cho tt c cm v cng tc lp phng trn
mt tng;
+ c lp vi ti a 2 im b cong vung gc khi khng c hp rt dy lp gia;
+ c b tr cc ng ni mm khong cch 0,6 m v mi pha khi i qua im ni
ca kt cu;
+ c t trong tng hoc ct b tng su ti thiu l 10 mm;
+ Cc ng lun dy nhn thy c lp t thng khi i song song hoc nm ngang so
vi kt cu ca nh v c lp t nhiu tuyn (nu gim st ng );
+ Cc ng lun dy mm c lp gia ng lun dy c nh v thit b c th ph
hp vi kh nng b dch chuyn hoc b rung ng;
+ Cc ng lun dy bng thp c cung cp vi mc bo v nng tun theo IEC
60227 khi c lp t bn ngoi hoc nhng ni m t v trong gian my; c ct
vung gc, u ni c ren ti thiu v c sn ti nhng v tr u ni, c lm sch
v khng cn h ren sau khi ni; khong cch gia cac v tr bt gi ng l 1200 m khi i
ni;
+ Cc ng lun dy bng nha cng PVC phi tun theo IEC 60227 cho loi cng vic
nh;
c ni vi nhau v vi cc ph kin bng cht gn dung mi c ph duyt; c lp
t vi b ni gin n theo khong cch trn 6 m chiu di ng khi tip xc vi cc iu
kin mi trng v c neo gi chc bng cc ai c c ly gin cch ti a 600 mm. Cc
ng lun dy bng nha cng khng dng ti nhng ni c th gy chy n nguy him cho
290
my mc, nhng ni c nhit tip xc hoc nhit mi trng trn 50C v nhng ni
nguy him.
- Nu yu cu la chn dy dn in. V d: Tt c cc dy dn c la chn khng vt
qu 80% kh nng ca n sau khi tnh n tt c cc yu t lm gim tnh nng nh s
mch
i cng nhau, iu kin lp t, nhit mi trng v bo n. C th nh sau:
+ Dy dn Cu/PVC/PVC. Dy dn Cu/PVC/PVC phi l dy ng c cch in bng
PVC cp 0.6/1.0 kV loi V75 lun trong ng lun dy hoc mng cp; c lp bc u
dy, kp u dy khi u ni bt vt; u u ni c xon cht v bt vo im u dy
bng u kp kiu ng c cng 30 Amp cho cc cp c l ln ti 4 mm v dng cc
u ni ph hp cho cp c tit din ln hn 4 mm2;
+ Dy dn cho cc thit b in t: Dy dn cho thit b o nhit, u cm bin in t,
thit b iu khin k thut s phi l loi ph hp cho ng dng ny v phi c la
chn trnh cc sai s gi.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc u ni cp. V d: Cc u ni cp phi:
+ c lm t ng;
+ c lp t cho cc u cp (ngoi tr cc u ni dy dng ng c cung cp
cng vi thit b); Bao gm cc u cp dng kp c ph duyt cho u ni dng bu
lng loi gp np c lp vi dng c to gp np kiu bnh cc;
+ Tun theo khuyn co ca nh sn xut khc.
7.3.9 Cc thit b iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh
7.3.9.1 M t h thng thit b iu khin
- Nu cc thnh phn ca h thng thit b iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh. V d:
H thng thit b iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh phi bao gm, nhng nhng
khng gii hn, cc thnh phn sau:
+ Mt b iu khin s trc tip (DDC) cho vic hin th v iu khin mi thit b
qut dn lnh trung tm, bao gm iu khin cc thng s cho khong khng gian cn
iu ho;
291
+ Mt b iu khin s trc tip (DDC) cho vic hin th v iu khin cc my lm

lnh, bao gm vic iu khin ti u cho my lm lnh v iu khin trung tm cho h
thng;
+ Mt cng iu ho cm tay (POT) t b iu khin in t c th lp trnh ca
my lm lnh vi kt ni ti cc b iu khin in t c th lp trnh ca thit b qut
dn lnh trung tm;...
- Nu cc thnh phn ca b phn iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh. V d: B phn
iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh phi c 1 bng iu khin tp trung (OCC), bao
gm cc thnh phn m t trn. Bng iu khin tp trung c lp ti phng t my
lm lnh. B iu khin s trc tip v cc r le khc u nm trn bng iu khin tp
trung ny.
- Nu nhim v ca b iu khin s trc tip. V d:
+ ch t ng, b iu khin s trc tip s qun l vic khi ng v ngng hot
ng ca cc my lm lnh, cc bm pha bnh bay hi, cc bm pha bnh ngng t v
thp gii nhit khi cc thit b qut dn lnh trung tm ang hot ng. B b iu khin
s trc tip cng qun l s hot ng ti u ca my lm lnh thng qua vic vn hnh h
thng iu ho khng kh ti im ti hn. B b iu khin s trc tip quay vng tun t
nhanh - tr ca cc my lm lnh ti thi im cui ca thi gian ngng my (t trc),
th d 3 ngy.
+ ch iu khin bng tay, thao tc n nt (c n bo ti nt bm) trn bng iu
khin, b iu khin s trc tip s khi ng/ tt cc thit b qut dn lnh trung tm,
cc thit b qut dn lnh cc b, tng my nn ca mi my lm lnh, cc bm pha
bnh bay hi, cc bm pha bnh ngng t v thp gii nhit thng qua cc r le. Vic n
cc nt trn bng iu khin tp trung cng c th khi ng/ tt tng thit b qut dn
lnh trung tm ring l khi tay gt ti thit b qut dn lnh trung tm tng ng v tr
iu khin t xa (REMOTE)...
- Nu quy cch t in cho ca thit b qut dn lnh trung tm. V d: Mt t iu khin
ti ch cho thit b qut dn lnh trung tm v t iu khin s trc tip cho mi thit b
qut dn lnh trung tm c t ti phng thit b qut dn lnh trung tm. T iu
khin ti ch c mt cng tc la chn cho vic vn hnh ti ch/ t xa/ t ng (LOCAL/
REMOTE/ AUTO).
292
+ ch t ng, thit b qut dn lnh trung tm c th khi ng/ ngng t 2 tn

hiu iu khin khc nhau. Tn hiu th nht t b iu khin s trc tip ca thit b qut
dn lnh trung tm da vo chng trnh c t trc. Tn hiu th hai t b iu
khin s trc tip ca my lm lnh khi n nhn c tn hiu li t b iu khin s trc
tip ca thit b qut dn lnh trung tm hoc khi ch xc lp trc cho thi gian
khi ng/ ngng thit b qut dn lnh trung tm trng thi i lp. B iu khin s
trc tip ca my lm lnh c quyn u tin cao hn b iu khin s trc tip ca thit b
qut dn lnh trung tm trong vic qun l khi ng/ ngng;
+ ch ti ch, thit b qut dn lnh trung tm c khi ng/ ngng bng thao
tc n nt (c n hin th) ti t iu khin ti ch ca thit b qut dn lnh trung tm;
+ ch iu khin t xa, thit b qut dn lnh trung tm s c khi ng/
ngng thng qua thao tc iu khin ti bng iu khin tp trung.
- Nu c ch iu khin thng qua cm bin nhit phng v nhit ngoi tri t
trc: V d: iu khin thng qua cm bin nhit phng v nhit ngoi tri t
trc
c th hin nh sau:
+ Mch iu khin cung cp mt nhit phng c nh thng qua vic ly trung bnh
cng ca 4 thng s nhit phng khc nhau v nhit p ngoi tri t trc. Cc nhit
phng lin tc c cp nht bi 4 cm bin nhit phng. Tn hiu vo t cc cm
bin nhit c a ti b iu khin s trc tip. Nh vic cp nht nhit phng ri
ly gi tr trung bnh, b iu khin s iu chnh van 2 chiu duy tr nhit phng
theo yu cu;
+ Cm bin nhit ngoi tri c dng cung cp thng s nhit ngoi tri. Khi
nhit ngoi tri thp hn nhit gii hn di, nhit phng s c chnh cao hn
tit kim nng lng v to cm gic thoi mi trong phng. Khi nhit ngoi tri cao
hn nhit gii hn trn, nhit phng s c iu chnh thp xung;
+ Tt c cc thit b iu khin trn, cc r le v cc thit b giao tip phi c trong
cc rnh tiu chun bn trong t in c dn nim phong
7.3.9.2 Thng s in ca h thng iu khin
293
Nu thng s in ca h thng iu khin. V d: H thng iu khin s dng din p

230V
xoay chiu, 1 pha, tn s 50Hz.
7.3.9.3 T in chnh
Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch t in chnh. V d: T in chnh c lm t thp m
km c dy 2mm v c to khung cng cc v tr cn thit. Ti nhng v tr c c
l, bng iu khin phi c sn lt bng mt lp m km v sn hon thin bng 2 lp
sn c chp nhn ca bn kim nh. Tt c nhn v ch dn trn bng iu khin
phi dp trn
cc tm kim loi hoc nha v phi l loi c chp nhn.
7.3.9.4 T in ph
- Nu v tr lp t, nhim v ca t in ph. V d: Cc t in ph c t ti cc
phng t thit b qut- dn lnh trung tm (AHU), c nhim v iu khin cc thit b
qut - dn lnh trung tm v cc thit b ph tr lin quan t ti phng .
- Nu vt liu ch to v quy cch t in ph. V d: T in ph c lm t thp m
km vi dy 2mm. T in ph phi c to khung cho cng cp. Cnh ca t in
gm 2 hoc 3 bn l dc theo chiu di, c mt tay nm v mt kha. Ti nhng v tr c
c l, bng iu khin phi c sn lt bng mt lp m km v c hon thin bng 2
lp sn c chp nhn ca bn kim nh. Tt c cc nhn v ch dn trn bng iu
khin phi c dp trn cc tm kim loi hoc tm nha v l loi c chp nhn.
7.3.9.5 H thng thit b iu khin my lm lnh
- Nu quy cch h thng thit b iu khin my lm lnh. V d: H thng phi c kt
ni
lin ng sao cho va c th khi ng bng tay, va c th khi ng t ng.
- Nu cc thnh phn chu s iu khin ca h thng thit b iu khin. V d: H thng
thit b iu khin hot ng cho cc thnh phn sau:
+ Cc thit b qut dn lnh trung tm hoc cc thit b qut dn lnh cc b;
+ Cc bm pha bnh bay hi;
+ Cc my lm lnh.
294
- Nu cc thit b v c ch hot ng ca h thng iu khin. V d: H thng c iu

khin bi cc r le thi gian v cc thit b an ton lin ng khc. Khng mt my lm
lnh c th khi ng c nu xy ra mt trong cc trng hp sau:
+ Khng c mt thit b qut dn lnh trung tm hoc cc thit b qut dn lnh cc
b no c bt;
+ Khng c nc cp trong ng ng pha bnh ngng;
+ Khng c nc cp trong ng ng nc lnh.
7.3.9.6 Dy iu khin
Nu yu cu nh s i vi dy iu khin. V d: Dy iu khin phi c nh s
thun tin cho vic sa cha sau ny.
7.3.9.7 iu khin thit b lnh
Nu tnh nng ca h thng iu khin thit b lnh. V d:
- T ng iu khin nhit nc lnh cp ra khi my lm lnh nh trong tnh ton.
- Tt c cc thit b iu khin cho thit b an ton nhm bo v h thng phi c lp t.
Phn iu khin phi c lp t hon chnh vi cc n ch dn.
- Khi lm lnh trong gii hn cng sut cho php ca khi thit b, nhit nhit k kh
c t phi c duy tr vi sai s khong 1C...
7.3.9.8 iu khin nhit t ng (bi b iu khin s trc tip - DDC)
- Nu cc thnh phn ca h thng t ng iu khin nhit h thng iu khin in t
vi cc thit b in cn thit.
- Nu yu cu i vi h thng iu khin t ng cho thit b qut dn lnh trung tm,
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b iu khin thit b qut dn lnh trung tm.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thit b cm ng nhit t trong phng, trn ng ng nc
v ng gi ca thit b qut dn lnh trung tm.
- Nu quy cch van iu khin bng ng c.
- Nu quy cch van iu khin bng tay.
7.3.9.9 ng nc lnh hi
295
Nu c ch hot ng ca thit b iu khin ng nc lnh hi

7.3.9.10 iu khin ti u my lm lnh
- Nu c ch hot ng ca b iu khin s trc tip ca my lm lnh.
- Nu cc thnh phn v tnh nng ca h thng iu khin ti u my lm lnh.
- Nu yu cu i vi b iu khin s trc tip ca my lm lnh.
- Nu yu cu v s lin ng gia cc my lm lnh. V d:
7.3.9.11 Cm bin khi
- Nu quy cch b cm bin khi gn trong ng gi.
- Nu v tr lp t cm bin khi cho thit b qut dn lnh trung tm.
7.3.9.12 Cng tc dng kh
Nu yu cu lp t cng tc dng kh. V d: Cng tc dng kh c lp t cng chiu
vi qut ngng thit b qut dn lnh trung tm khi ai dn ng b t.
7.3.9.13 Cng tc mc nc
Nu quy cch cng tc mc nc dung cho h thng my lm lnh.
7.3.9.14 Thit b o chnh p
Nu quy cch thit b o chnh p. V d: Thit b o chnh p c dng o chnh p
gia 2 mi trng m. N bao gm mt cm bin tc th loi in dung vi kt qu a ra
l tn hiu in 4-20mA. Thit b phi c a v khong p sut lm vic v sai s o
ch nm trong khong + 3% gi tr o.
7.3.9.15 Thit b o lu lng
Nu tnh nng ca thit b o lu lng. V d: Thit b o lu lng c tnh nng sau:
- Thit b o lu lng l loi cm tay v c b vi x l c th hin th lu lng vi mn
hnh LCD r nt.
- Thit b o lu lng c th c dng ti cng trng cho nhiu kch thc ng v lu
lng khc nhau m khng cn phi thay i chia. D liu hin th phi c cp nht
sau mi 3 n 5 giy...
7.3.9.16 Cm bin lu lng
296
Nu quy cch cm bin lu lng. V d:

- Cm bin lulng c lm t ng v c kh nng chu c p sut ti thiu l
2700kPa. N c th o c lu lng ti thiu vn tc 0,3m/s v hot ng c trong
di nhit t 0 n 55C.
- Cm bin lu lng in t l loi thit k khng da trn nguyn l t trng, gm c
mt bnh cng tc vi ti thiu 6 cnh hng v pha trc. Vi cu to ny, hot ng s
tt hn lu lng dng thp.
- S ln a ra tn hiu tng ng vi s ln thay i lu lng v khong cch c th t
c 600mm t ni lp t cm bin ti mn hnh hin th m khng cn qua mt
khuych i no.
7.3.9.17 B iu khin s trc tip (DDC)
Nu quy cch b iu khin s trc tip. V d:
- B iu khin s trc tip vi vi x l phi c ngun cung cp, cng vi cc b chuyn
i gia
xoay chiu v 1 chiu, b nh trong v cng sut ca bo mch ch phi p ng c cho
tt c cc kt ni vo/ ra (I/O). Mi b iu khin s trc tip cng c t nht 2 u tn hiu
vo tng o m cc xung tn hiu ra v qun l thi gian trao i d liu. B iu
khin s trc tip c cc thnh phn in t m bo khi cng sut ca n t ti a
th khng c thit b ngoi
vi cm ngoi no ngoi r le iu khin ti, b chuyn i vo/ ra hoc b nh khe cm m
rng.
- Tt c cc tn hiu a vo phi l cc tn hiu ph bin nh cng dng in, hiu
in th, in tr hoc cc tn hiu ng m di dng tn hiu kt hp ca cc tn hiu
trn.
- Tn hiu tng t a vo phi c b lp trnh bin i tm trung v cc bng chuyn i
tuyn tnh cho cc loi cm bin. V ca tt c cc cm bin in tr nhit (RTD) loi
1000 Ohms hoc nh hn. Nh thu c trch nhim kim tra chnh xc ca tng tn hiu
vo. i vi cc tn hiu vo, dng v in p tng t vi cc mc ti thiu nh di y
cn c kim tra:
297
+ 4-20mA;
+ 0-100mV;
+ 0-1, 0-10, 0 5 v 2 -10 V.
- Cc tn hiu s a vo l cc loi di y, nhng khng gii hn:
+ Cc tip im thng m;
+ Cc tip im thng ng;
+ Dng in/ tn hiu khng dng in;
+ in p/ tn hiu khng in p.
- B iu khin s trc tip c th a ra cc tn hiu s v k hiu tng t. in p
(212V) v dng in (410mA) c s dng. Cc tn hiu tng t a ra di dng
dng in hoc in p vi thang chia nh nht l 0,5% ca cng sut hot ng ln nht
ca van hoc tm chn (khng phi 5% ca tn hiu ra 0-12V). T l ca tn hiu ra phi
ph hp vi ton b di hot ng ca thit b trn thc t. Gi tr 0 v gi tr ln nht ca
tn hiu dng in hay in p a ra c s dng cho trng thi tt/ ng thit b.
thun tin cho vic phn tch v gii quyt trong trng hp s c, gi tr ca mi tn hiu
ra tng t phi sn sng trong c s d liu phc v cho vic kim tra kt qu v hin
th. Tn hiu s a ra phi d dng cho thao tc cng nh xung a ra tc thi hoc lu li
trong mch t. C th a tn hiu ra di 3 ch iu khin khc nhau (nhanh-chm-tt)
v 2 ch iu khin.
- Vic lp t v kim tra cho ng dy tn hiu phi c hon thnh trc khi lp t bo
mch in t. Tt c kt ni n bo mch c thc hin di dng khe cm kt ni d
dng cho vic sa cha, thay th. Hp hon thin bao gm cc thit b ph kin nh r le,
cc b chuyn i, ngun cp in phi c lp sn, ni dy sn ti nh my v c
t trong mt hp thp kn.
- Bo mch b iu khin s trc tip c lp sn b kt ni cho thit b iu khin bng
tay. Khi kt ni thit b iu khin bng tay, phi m bo khng xy ra xung t trn hot
ng ca bng
iu khin hoc trn ng truyn.
298
- B b iu khin s trc tip c cc n bo LED, nhng khng gii hn vic truyn tn

hiu, thu tn hiu, qun l nng lng nhn, khng nng lng, qun l nng lng
v li ng truyn.
- Phn mm cho b iu khin s trc tip bao gm mt h iu hnh hon chnh (OS), b
kt ni, gi qun l nng lng nh danh ngha, thut ton iu khin chun v iu khin
c trng v mt iu khin cho ngi s dng cng vi b tnh ton hon thin.
- H iu hnh l loi c trong PROM, hot ng ch thi gian thc, cung cp cc
lch trnh u tin, tng trnh iu khin thi gian, hin th v qun l giao tip gia cc
cng vi nhau v gia cc cng vi b qun l giao tip, xem xt cc vo/ ra. H iu hnh
cng c phn chc nng tng t chun on li...
7.3.9.18 B iu khin cm tay (POT)
- Nu quy cch b iu khin cm tay. V d:
+ B iu khin cm tay c cung cp ngi s dng c cc thng s trong h
thng iu khin v thay i cc thng s;
+ B iu khin cm tay c th cm tay v c th cm trc tip vo tng b iu khin
s
trc tip ly ngun nui v d liu v c t trong bng iu khin. B iu khin
cm tay c trng lng 0,5 kg
- Nu cc chc nng ca b iu khin cm tay. V d:
+ a trng thi mt gi tr c nh hoc trng thi c nh;
+ Hin th kt qu chun on;
+ Hin th mt cch tun t thng k ti mi i tng v cc cnh bo;
+ Hin th thay i trng thi, im gi tr s, gi tr im tng t;
+ Hin th thay i thi gian v ngy thng;
+ Hin th thay i ng dng v cc thng s ca b iu khin s trc tip
7.3.9.19 Lch trnh cho cc trng thi
- Nu lch trnh cc trng thi cho tng loi thit b. V d:
+ Vi mi my lm lnh:
299
a) iu khin khi ng/ ngng;

b) iu khin m/ tt.
c) Cnh bo s c;
d) Hin th tng t cho nhit nc a ti bnh bay hi
+ Bm pha bnh bay hi/ Bm pha bnh ngng. Vi mi bm:
b) iu khin m/ tt;
c) Cnh bo s c
+ Vi thp gii nhit. Vi mi thp gii nhit:
b) iu khin m/ tt;
c) Cnh bo s c
+ ng gp chung. Vi mi ng gp chung:
a) Hin th nhit ng gp vo;
b) Hin th nhit ng gp ra;
c) Hin th p sut ng gp vo
+ B cha nc tm thi
a) Cnh bo mc nc thp;
b) Cnh bo mc nc cao.
+ Thit b qut dn lnh tyrung tm:
b) iu khin m/ tt;
c) Cnh bo s c
7.3.9.20 Cnh bo ngng
Nu c ch cnh bo hoc ngng hot ng trong h thng iu ha khng kh. V d: Tt
c cc cnh bo hoc ngng hot ng trong h thng iu ha khng kh s c gi ti
300
tng b iu khin s trc tip thng qua mt cp tn hiu, s a tn hiu ny ti b iu

khin s trc tip ca my lm lnh ti bng iu khin tp trung ri hin th mt cnh bo
li chung. Vi mc ch ny, tn hiu cnh bo nhn c l cnh bo chung (nn c kh
nng nh du a ch xc nh). Thm vo , tn hiu cnh bo li chung s c a
ti theo di t iu khin t xa t ti phng nhn vin vn hnh.
7.3.10 Th nghim, o c, iu chnh v nghim thu h thng iu ha khng kh v
thng gi
7.3.10.1 Th nghim h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi
a. Th nghim h thng ng ng nc
- Nu i tng th nghim. V d: Vic th nghim cn c tin hnh i vi tng
nhnh ng, on ng ca h thng.
- Nu yu cu i vi ng ng trc khi th nghim kn kht. V d: Phi thi b tp
cht v bi bn trong ng ng bng bnh kh tr (N2).
- Nu p sut v thi gian th nghim kn kht ca ng ng. V d: p sut th
nghim phi ln hn 1,5 ln p sut lm vic cao nht v khng c nh hn 4 kG/cm2.
Sau thi gian khng t hn 30 pht, p sut trong ng ng khng b gim;
- Nu yu cu th p sut ring cho van ng ng. V d:
+ Nu nhng quy nh v an ton cho van khng b vi phm th c th khng phi th
nghim cng v kn kht;
+ p sut th nghim h thng ng ng nc c cng bng 1,5 ln cng
ca p sut quy c. p sut th nghim kn kht c cng bng cng ca p
sut quy c. Sau khi th nghim hp chun, phi gi cho thn van kh ro.
- Nu yu cu bc cch nhit cho h thng. V d: Vic bc cch nhit ch c thc hin
sau khi th nghim kn kht.
- Nu yu cu v trng thi ca h thng khi th nghim. V d: H thng bm cn c
vn hnh ton b h thng nc hot ng tun hon.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc thng s th nghim. V d: o kim tra p lc nc ti u y
v u ht ca bm, p lc nc vo v ra ti cc b trao i nhit. Cc ch s v p lc
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut.
301
- Nu yu cu v cng vic cn thc hin sau khi th nghim. V d: X sch nc trong

ng ng v tho ra cc van lc.
b. Th nghim ng ng h thng lnh
- Nu i tng th nghim. V d: Vic th nghim cn c tin hnh i vi tng
nhnh ng, on ng ca h thng.
- Nu yu cu i vi ng ng trc khi th nghim kn kht. V d: Phi thi b tp
cht v bi bn trong ng ng bng bnh kh tr (N2).
- Nu p sut v thi gian th nghim kn kht ca ng ng. V d: p sut th
nghim phi ln hn 1,5 ln p sut lm vic cao nht v khng c nh hn 4 kG/cm2.
Sau thi gian khng t hn 30 pht, p sut trong ng ng khng b gim.
- Nu yu cu i vi vic th p sut ring cho van ng ng lnh. V d:
+ Nu nhng quy nh v an ton cho van khng b vi phm th c th khng phi th
nghim cng v kn kht;
+ p sut th nghim h thng ng ng lnh c cng bng 1,5 ln cng ca
p sut quy c. p sut th nghim kn kht c cng bng cng ca p sut
quy c. Sau khi th nghim hp chun, phi gi thn van kh ro.
- Nu yu cu bc cch nhit cho h thng. V d: Vic bc cch nhit ch c thc hin
sau khi th nghim kn kht.
c. Th nghim kim tra b trao i nhit
Nu yu cu th nghim kim tra b trao i nhit. V d:
- Nu b trao i nhit qua th nghim ti ni ch to th ch th nghim vi p sut
khng nh hn 1,5 ln p sut lm vic cao nht trong thi gian 23 pht, p sut th
nghim khng c gim.
- Nu b trao i nhit ch a qua th nghim ti ni ch to th cn th nghim khng t
hn 30
pht, p sut th nghim khng c gim.
d. Th nghim kim tra s lm vic ca h thng lnh
302
- Nu yu cu chun b trc khi th nghim. V d: Thi b tp cht, th kn kht,

kim tra r r, rt chn khng, bm mi cht lnh
- Nu yu cu th nghim i vi h thng my nn kiu piston.
+ Ni dung v iu kin th nghim. V d: Chy th khng ti v c ti theo hng
dn ca nh ch to khi thn my c lin kt cht ch, ng h v cc thit b in phi
chun mc.
+ Thi gian th nghim. V d: Thi gian chy th khng ti khng di 2 gi v thi
gian
chy th c ti khng di 4 gi.
+ Kt qu th nghim. V d: S tng nhit ca du v cc b phn phi ph hp
vi ch dn k thut ca thit b v nhit nc gii nhit khng ln hn 35C ti u
vo v khng
ln hn 45C ti u ra ca my lnh.
- Nu yu cu th nghim i vi h thng my nn kiu ly tm. V d: Vic chy th
khng ti v c ti phi ph hp vi cc quy nh trong ti liu k thut ca thit b
- Nu yu cu v cht lng nc cp cho h thng. V d: Cht lng nc cp cho h
thng tun hon nc lnh v nc gii nhit phi p ng yu cu nc k thut vi cc
thng s sau:
+ pH: 7,6;
+ Hm lng st Fe: 0,05mg/l;
+ cng ton phn:17,8 dH...
e. Th nghim kim tra h thng ng ng dn khng kh
- Nu yu cu i vi vic kim tra kn kht ca mi on ng, nhnh ng ca tng h
thng. V d: Dng khi kim tra v ch c bc cch nhit cho ng ng sau khi
kim tra kn kht...
- Nu yu cu lm sch. V d: Chy qut gi thi b tp cht v bi bn trong ng
ng.
- Nu yu cu v thi gian chy qut gi. V d: Khng t hn 2 gi.
303
- Nu yu cu kim tra an ton. V d: Kim tra bnh xe cng tc, cnh qut khng c hin
tng va qut, chiu quay chnh xc. Nhit cao nht ti bi khng qu 70C v nhit
cao nht ti bc khng qu 80C.
f. Chy th kim tra ton b h thng
- Nu iu kin v ni dung chy th. V d: Nu thit b khi xut xng c bm y
mi cht lnh v ng kn th chy th v tr lp , thi gian chy th khng t hn 8

gi. Nu thit b khi xut xng cha c bm mi cht lnh th khi chy th phi tun
theo cc ch dn v yu cu ca nh ch to thit b.
- Nu nguyn tc vn hnh chy th ton b h thng. V d: Khi khi ng, my nn hot
ng ch sau khi cc qut gi hot ng. Khi chuyn ch lm vic hoc khi ng, phi
ngng my nn khng t hn thi gian quy nh ca nh ch to.
- Nu quy trnh v ni dung chy th h thng iu ho khng kh trung tm. V d:
Bc 1: Khi ng h thng nc, h thng hot ng tun hon, x sch kh trong
h thng. p sut nc trc v sau my iu ho phi ph hp vi thit b;
Bc 2: Khi ng h thng nc gii nhit, h thng hot ng tun hon i vi
my lnh gii nhit nc;
Bc 3: Khi ng my lnh, h thng bm du v qut ngng t hot ng trc khi
my nn hot ng i vi h thng gii nhit gi;
Bc 4: Khi ng qut thi, qut ht tun hon ca cc h thng dn khng kh;
Bc 5: Kt thc th nghim: Trc ht phi ngng my nn, sau 2 pht th ngng
bm du, tip theo ngng qut gi v my bm nc;
- Nu thi gian chy th ton b h thng. V d: Chy th ton b h thng khng di 8
gi
- Nu cc yu cu cn tun th khi th nghim chi tit cho h thng.
+ Yu cu lm sch. V d: Dng khng kh kh thi b tp cht vi p sut 6
kG/cm2. Dng vi trng kim tra, sau 5 pht m khng c vt bn l hp chun. Sau khi
thi phi tho cc rut van ra ty ra (tr van an ton);
304
+ Yu cu th kn kht. V d: Th kn kht trong 24 gi. Sau 6 gi u, p sut

gim khng qu 0,3 kG/cm2, sau 18 gi tip theo, p sut khng gim l t yu cu. p
sut th nghim kn kht ca h thng c quy nh trong bng di y:
Thit b
Mi cht lnh
H thng pha h p
H thng pha cao
p
My lm lnh kiu piston

R717
R 22
12
18
My lm lnh kiu ly tm
R 12
R 11
10
1
16
1
+ Yu cu v p sut di khi th nghim chn khng. V d:

a) i vi h amoniac, p sut th nghim khng ln hn 60mmHg, duy tr ch
ny trong 24 gi, nu p sut ca h khng thay i l t yu cu;
b) i vi h freon, p sut th nghim khng ln hn 40mm Hg, duy tr ch
ny trong 24 gi vi p sut ca h khng tng hn 4mmHg l t yu cu.
+ Yu cu v trnh t v ni dung thc hin khi bm mi cht lnh cho h thng. V d:
u tin bm mt lng mi cht lnh va phi vo h thng. i vi h amoniac th tng
p sut n 12 kG/cm2, dng giy th ch th mu (fenolftalin) kim tra r r. i vi
h freon th tng p sut n 23 kG/cm2, dng n x halogen hoc my halogen kim
tra r r. Nu khng c hin tng r r th tip tc tng n p sut quy nh trong ch dn
k thut. Khi bm phi phng tp cht hoc khng kh lt vo
7.3.10.2 o c v iu chnh h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi
a. Yu cu chung
- Nu mc ch ca vic o c v iu chnh. V d: o c v iu chnh nhm kim tra
cc thng s k thut ca h thng. Kim tra s sai lch gia thc t v thit k iu
chnh cho h thng lm vic theo yu cu thit k.
- Nu yu cu v dng c v thit b o. V d: Dng c v thit b o phi c chng ch
kim nh hp chun v c chnh xc t nht cao hn mt cp so vi cp chnh xc ca
i tng c o.
b. o c v iu chnh khi h thng hot ng khng ti
305
- Nu cc thng s cn o. V d: o tng lu lng gi, vn tc v p sut gi, s vng

quay ca tng qut gi.
- Nu yu cu cn bng gi cho h thng. V d: Cn cn bng lu lng gi ca h thng
vi cc ca gi theo yu cu thit k.
- Nu phng php iu chnh cn bng gi. V d: C th dng phng php iu chnh
lu lng hoc phng php iu chnh p sut trong h thng ng ng gi.
- Nu trnh t thc hin. V d: Cng vic c tin hnh t nhng im bt li nht ca
h thng (thng qua vic iu chnh cc van gi) ri tin dn v cc qut gi.
- Nu sai s o lu lng gi. V d:
+ Sai s cho php ca lu lng gi thc o khng ln hn 10% so vi yu cu thit
k;
+ Sai s lu lng gi ti cc ca gi khng ln hn +15% so vi yu cu thit k.
- Nu v tr o lu lng gi trong ng chnh. V d: im o cn chn l ni m lung gi
c
tc n nh v v tr cch tr lc pha trc khng t hn 4 ln, cch tr lc tip theo
khng t hn 1,5 ln ng knh ng tit din trn hoc cnh di ng tit din ch nht.
Nu iu kin b hn ch th cn tng im o v ly tr s trung bnh.
- Nu phng php o tc gi ti cc ca gi. V d: Phi p st u o vo dn khung
hoc li ca ca gi. o vn tc trung bnh c th dng phng php o im vi s v
tr o khng t hn 5 im.
- Nu phng php o lu lng ming ra ca qut thng gi. V d: Phi chn im o
nh nu trong mc o lu lng gi trong ng chnh. Nu iu kin hn ch th o ti
im nh cng vi tn tht v p sut tnh theo l thuyt ca on ng pha trc ti
ming ra ca qut.
- Nu phng php o lu lng u ht qut gi. V d:Phi o st ming vo ca qut.
gi. Lu lng gi qua qut l tr s trung bnh ca lu lng gi u ht v u y.
c. o c v iu chnh khi h thng hot ng c ti
306
- Nu thi im v trng thi thc hin. V d: o c v iu chnh h thng khi c ti

nn c thc hin sau khi iu chnh khng ti cho h thng v khi trng thi khng
kh tip cn vi trng thi khi tnh ti trng thit k.
- Nu yu cu phi hp thc hin. V d: Cn c s phi hp thc hin gia cc bn ch
u t, n v thit k v n v thi cng cng trnh.
- Nu cc thng s k thut cn o c. V d: Bao gm:
+ o ch nhit m trong cc phng thng gi v iu ha khng kh;
+ o mc n;
+ o cc thng s kh ng trong cc phng thng gi v iu ho khng kh...
- Nu v tr v phng php la chn im o.
+ o ch nhit m trong phng. V d: i vi phng iu ho khng kh thng
thng th chn im mang tnh c trng (ni c ngi lm vic nhiu nht hoc qua li
nhiu nht). i vi phng c nhu cu cao v nhit v m th chn im cch tng
0,5 mt v cch sn 1,5 mt. i vi phng ln, snh, nh htnu c cp gi t trn
xung th chn im
cch tng 0,5 mt v cch sn 1,5 mt.
+ o nng bi v kh d chy n. V d: Phi cn c vo tnh hnh sn xut v yu
cu thit k la chn im o.
+ V tr o mc n. V d:
a) Trong cc phng my; o mc bn ngoi phng my, i din vi ca ly
gi v ca thi gi (nu phng my t gn cc khu dn c th vic kho st o c
chng n cho vng xung quanh phi c tin hnh c v ban m);
b) Trong cc phng c thng gi v iu ho khng kh th o mc n ti
im gia phng v cch sn 1,2 mt.
- Nu phng php iu chnh cc thng s k thut. V d: Vic iu chnh cc thng s
k thut c thc hin thng qua vic iu chnh ch lm vic ca my nn, my sy,
my bm, t l ho trn khng kh ti bung ho trnKhi cn iu chnh ch lm vic
ca thit b th phi tun theo yu cu ca nh ch to thit b.
d. Chy th nghim thu bn giao h thng iu ho khng kh v thng gi
307
- Nu trng thi khng kh khi chy th nghim thu bn giao h thng iu ho khng
kh v thng gi. V d: Cng vic c thc hin khi trng thi khng kh bn ngoi gn
vi thng s thit k.
- Nu trnh t vn hnh h thng khi chy th nghim thu bn giao. V d:
+ Cho ton b h thng vn hnh, k c h thng in p v cc iu kin cn th
nghim trong vng 2 gi;
+ Sau khi nhit , m v cc thng s k thut khc t mc n nh, cho ngng
ton b h thng iu ho khng kh trong vng 3 pht, sau khi ng li v hot ng
tip trong 24 gi;
+ h thng hot ng sau 24 gi, lp bng trn b mt dn ng khng lm gim tc
lung gi i qua qu 25% v khng c nc nh git t my ra phng my khi hot
ng cng nh khi ngng;
+ Khi trng thi khng kh gm nhit , m v cc thng s k thut khc t mc
n nh, tin hnh th nghim h thng iu khin, s ng ngt ca cc r le cm ng
nhit , m ca trung tm iu khin h thng iu ho khng kh, s ng m ca cc
ca gi in t.
- Nu yu cu v nh gi kt qu th nghim. V d: Cng tc th nghim t yu cu nu
khng c s c hng hc ca cc ng c, cc linh kin in t khc v h thng dy dn
in do qu ti hoc do bt k nguyn nhn no khc
7.3.10.3 Nghim thu h thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi
- Nu thnh phn ca hi ng nghim thu. V d: Hi ng nghim thu bao gm cc
thnh vin sau: Ch u t, cc n v thi cng, t vn v thit k.
- Nu c s ca vic nghim thu. V d: Vic nghim thu cn da trn cc yu cu thit k
v
cc quy nh trong cc tiu chun ch to, lp t v nghim thu cng nh cc yu cu v
an ton, thm m chung ca cng trnh.
- Nu yu cu i vi h s nghim thu. V d: H s nghim thu bao gm, nhng khng
hn ch, cc bn v thit k, bn v hon cng ca h thng iu ho khng kh v thng
gi, cc chng ch hp chun ca thit b, cc bin bn kim tra th nghim v nghim thu
tng b phn trong qu trnh ch to v lp t; bin bn kim tra th nghim cc thng s
308
k thut ca h thng v kim tra chng ch hp chun ca cc thit b trc khi cho tin
hnh lp t.
- Nu trnh t thc hin vic kim tra h thng iu ho khng kh v thng gi. V d:
+ Hi ng nghim thu kim tra bng mt thng ton b h thng ng ng, cc
thit b chnh, cc chi tit quan trng ca h thng khi h thng vn hnh c ti;
+ Kim tra hot ng ca bng iu khin vn hnh thit b ca h thng, kim tra quy
trnh hng dn vn hnh h thng;
+ Sau khi kim tra v thng nht nghim thu, cc thnh vin ca hi ng tin hnh k
cc vn bn nghim thu theo cc biu mu cho phn ph lc ca mc ny.
- Nu cc vn bn nghim thu. V d: Bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
+ Cc ti liu thuyt minh v bin bn hon cng ca h thng;
+ S v dng chy ca cht lng, dng chuyn ng ca khng kh, s cn bng
cho mt thit b hon chnh, s vn hnh thit b v h thng, bn v cu to v ch dn
bo dng cho tng loi thit b;
+ Giy chng nhn xut xng hp chun hoc ti liu kim nghim ca cc loi vt
liu, thit b, thnh phm, bn thnh phm v cc ng h o.
- Nu danh mc cc bin bn nghim thu. V d: Cc bin bn nghim thu bao gm, nhng
khng gii hn, cc bin bn sau:
+ Bin bn nghim thu lin hp h thng iu ho khng kh;
+ Bin bn nghim thu th nghim v kim tra chi tit tng b phn;
+ Bin bn th nghim v sinh ng ng.
309
CHNG 7.4 THANG MY V THANG CUN

7.4.1 Thang my
7.4.1.1 Nhng vn chung
a. Phm vi
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny l cc ch dn lin quan n thang my ch
ngi, thang my vn chuyn hng ho, bao gm nhng khng hn ch cc ni dung
sau:
- Cc quy nh v thng s k thut cn t c;
- Cc ch dn i vi nh thu lp t, hiu chnh, chy th khng ti, chy th c ti;
- Cc quy nh v nghim thu a vo s dng;
- Cc ch dn v an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng,
b. Cc chng, mc c lin quan
Nu tn cc chng, mc v tm tt ni dung c lin quan cn xem xt v phi hp thc
hin. V d:
- Chng Thit b in, mc: An ton in.
- Chng Kt cu thp, cc ni dung lin quan n cng tc chun b cc bn m thp
c nh cc chi tit b phn thang my bt cc b g ray dn hng.
- Chng B tng, b tng ct thp lin quan n kt cu v thi cng ging thang.
310
- Mc Thit b bo chy, cc ni dung lin quan n u bo khi, u bo nhit ti cc

ging thang.
- Mc ng dy in thoi cho to nh, cc ni dung lin quan n dch v in thoi
cho h thng cc thang my.
c. Cc ng ngha, thut ng
Nu cc thut ng p dng trong chng ny. V d:
Thang my dn ng in
Hng hc: l trng thi ca thang my khi: H thng ng lc v/hoc h thng iu
khin khng hot ng; Cc thng s k thut khng t nh mc nu; C s hao mn
qu mc; Vt liu kt cu hoc cc vt liu/b phn hon thin b h hng; Khng m
bo cc iu kin an ton; Cn thit phi bo dng, sa cha qu nhiu; - C ting n
hoc rung ng bt thng; - Bt k hin tng tng t no c xem l bt thng,
khng d bo trc.
c. Cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng

Nu tn cc tiu chun, quy phm p dng. V d:
- TCVN 6904-2001: Thang my in- Phng php th cc yu cu an ton v cu to v
lp t;
- TCVN 6395: 1998: Thang my in Yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t;
- TCVN 5744: 1993: Thang my Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng;
- EN 81-1, Cc quy nh v an ton i vi cng tc xy dng v lp t thang my Phn 1: Thang my in, U ban Chu u v Tiu chun ho.
Ngi lp ch dn k thut c th xut cc tiu chun thay th khi khng c hoc khi
khng iu kin p dng tiu chun thit k th Ch u t c th xem xt thay th.
e. Cc h s, ti liu cn trnh
Nu danh mc, ni dung cc ti liu nh thu cn trnh cho ch u t, bao gm nhng
khng gii hn cc ti liu sau:
311
- Ti liu k thut ca thang my c cc thng s chnh nh: Cng sut, kch thc, cc
tnh nng s dng, c tnh k thut ca h thng iu khin, km theo cc chng ch cn
thit;
- Ti liu k thut ca mt s b phn chnh nh ng c, t iu khin,) ca thang my;
- Ti liu hng dn, lp t (bao gm c cc bn v) ca nh ch to hoc do nh thu t
thc hin nh: s in, cc s tra du, m, hnh nh hoc cc bn v m t cc ph
kin/b phn;
- Cc giy chng nhn lin quan n cng tc kim tra v nghim thu sn phm trc khi
xut xng
7.4.1.2 Yu cu k thut
a. Yu cu chung
Nu yu cu chung v tnh nng ca thang my, bao gm: Ti trng; S im dng; Chiu
cao ti a; Vn tc di chuyn, cc tnh nng c trng cho kh nng vn hnh,
b. Yu cu v nng lc ca nh sn xut
Nu yu cu v nng lc ca nh sn xut. V d: S lng thang my cung cp; Doanh
thu bn hng,...
c. Yu cu v vt liu v ph kin
- Nu cc yu cu i vi ngun gc xut x ca cc linh kin, ph kin ca thang my.
- Quy nh v vic cung cp v lp t cc chi tit t sn trong b tng hay khi xy g
lp h thng ray dn hng, b ng c, b my ko, puly v cc b phn/linh kin khc
ca thang my.
- Nu yu cu v mu sc ca cc b phn, linh kin thang my. iu ny c bit cn thit
i vi trng hp thang my bng knh khi m tt c cc b phn ca h thng thang my
l r.
- Nu yu cu v vic phi hp gia nh thu lp t thang my vi cc nh thu khc, vi
ch u t, t vn gim st v kin trc s trc khi lp t v hon thin.
- Nu yu cu v chng loi thp khng r s dng cho cng tc hon thin.
- Nu yu cu cht lng i vi cc cu kin bao che bng knh.
312
d. Yu cu v thit b iu khin v bo hiu

Nu yu cu i vi thit b iu khin v bo hiu. V d: bao gm. nhng khng hn ch,
cc im sau:
- Yu cu chung v ni dung bng iu khin, cch th hin, vt liu ch to,
- Yu cu i vi bng iu khin trong bung thang, bao gm: Chiu sng nt iu khin,
ni dung bng iu khin, .
- Yu cu i vi bng iu khin v bo hiu ti cc ca tng, bao gm: cc chc nng,
quy nh v mu sc, vt liu ch to, bng iu khin.
- Yu cu v h thng bo hiu bng m thanh, nh sng. V d: h thng bo hiu trong
bung thang; H thng tn hiu ti ca tng,...
- Yu cu i vi h thng thng tin lin lc ca thang my. V d: H thng thng tin lin
lc m thanh hai chiu khng c tay cm gia bung thang my v dch v gim st 24/24.
- Yu cu trang b bng bo hiu tnh trng thang my b hng.
- Quy nh v vic trang b c cu bo hiu QU TI.
- Quy nh v cht liu ch to v tui th ca cc nt v bng iu khin trong bung
thang my v ti cc ca tng.
- Yu cu v v tr gn cc bng iu khin trong bung thang v ti cc ca tng, bao gm
v tr, khong cch lp t.
e. Yu cu v bao che bung thang my
- Nu yu cu v bao che bung thang my, bao gm: thng gi, chiu sng, ca, thot
him, ca, c cu dn ng ca, ngng ca, han thin, ph tng/linh kin v hon thin
cc vch v trn thang,
- Quy nh v sc chu ti v lan can bo v trn nc bung thang.
- Nu yu cu v vt liu bung thang my, bao gm vt liu lm vch thang, trn thang,
tay vn, ngng ca, sn ...
f. Yu cu v h thng ca bung thang my
- Nu yu cu v phng n ng m ca, vt liu ch to, hon thin, iu khin ca.
- Nu yu cu v bn ca ca, lc tc ng ln nht chu c.
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- Quy nh v tnh nng v c cu iu khin ca, thit b bo v t ng m ca lI khi c

hin tng mc kt hoc gn nh b mc kt.
- Nu yu cu v dn ng ca v an ton nh: thanh dn hng, c cu chng trch ray,
kha ca.
- Nu yu cu v np xung quanh ca.
- Nu quy nh v ngng ca. V d: v lin kt ca bung thang my vI ngng ca,
vt liu lm ngng ca, cc ng rnh cho thanh dn ca ca.
- Nu cc yu cu i vi khe ca, thi gian ng m ca, lc ngn chn qu trnh ng
ca.
g. Yu cu i vi ca tng
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi ca tng nh khun ca, cnh ca, kiu m ca, vt liu
ch to, kh nng chu lc,...
- Nu yu cu i vi tnh nng c bit ca ca tng. V d: trang b thit b bo v c th
t ng m ca li.
- Quy nh v h thng puly dn ng ca v vn hnh ca tng, c cu chng trch ray.
- Quy nh v cng tc an ton i vi ca tng. V d: ca tng l ca thng ng, ca
tng c trang b kha bo v.
- Quy nh v cc thanh np ca, np chn tng.
- Nu yu cu i vi cc tm p lt bn cnh v xung quanh ca tng.
- Nu yu cu i vi ngng ca nh cht lng, vt liu. Cc rnh trt thanh dn
hng ca tng.
h. Yu cu i vi ng c
Nu cc yu cu i vi ng c. V d: S lng ng c, loi ng c, dng in, c cu
phanh, lc di chuyn bung thang my bng tay, dng in khi ng,
i. Yu cu i vi ray dn hng, b phn gim chn v c cu chng ri
- Nu yu cu v h thng ray dn hng cho bung thang my v b phn i trng bao
gm: ng ray, cc ni ghp v ph kin nh: Chng loi ray, kh nng chu lc m
bo s vn hnh an ton ca thang my, cc ph kin lin quan n ray v c nh ray.
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- Nu yu cu i vi b phn gim chn nh: Gim chn cho bung thang v gim chn
cho i trng nh: Loi, kch c, ti trng.
- Nu yu cu i vi c cu chng ri, thit b kim sot tc .
k. Yu cu i vi bng ch dn thang my
- Nu yu cu k thut i vi cc bng ch dn nh: vt liu, v tr lp t, ngn ng th
hin.
- Nu yu cu v ni dung ca bng ch dn, bao gm: Ti trng ca thang my, cc ch
dn vn hnh nh ng, m ca, ngng khn cp, cc nt iu khin ngng khn cp, nt
dng bo ng, cc bin bo CM HT THUC, cc ch nh khc.
l. Yu cu i vi ngun in
Nu cc yu cu k thut i vi ngun in. V d:
- Yu cu v cp in p, phng n cp in,
- Yu cu i vi cp in v chiu di, kch c, tnh nng,
m. Yu cu i vi nh sng, cm in v in thoi
- Nu yu cu v h thng chiu sng h thang. V d: cng nh sng, cng sut bng
n, cng tc iu chnh h thng chiu sng.
- Nu yu cu v chiu sng i vi trng hp ging thang bng knh. V d: cng
nh sng, loI n v v tr ca cc thit b in chiu sng.
- Nu yu cu i vi h thng chiu sng bung (cabin) thang my. V d: chiu sng trn
trn bung thang my, cng nh sng, yu cu v chiu sng lin tc, v vic tt n
chiu sng bung thang.
- Nu yu cu v chiu sng khn cp.
- Nu yu cu v thng gi bung thang.
- Nu quy nh v vic c hay khng cm in trong cabin thang my.
- Nu cc yu cu v h thng thng tin lin lc. V d: ng dy in thoI, im kt nI
d liu I vI h thng in thoi .
n. Yu cu i vi gIng thang my
315
- Nu cc yu cu v ging thang. V d: Kch thc, cht lng hon thin, chi tit t sn
trong qu trnh thi cng, sn ca h thang my,..
- Nu yu cu v thng gi ging thang. V d: thng gi t nhin, qut thng gi.
- Nu yu cu v h thng dm trn nh h thang.
a. Kim tra giao nhn thit b trc khi a vo lp t
- Quy nh v vic kim tra ca nh thu lp t i vi cc phn vic do nh thu khc
thc hin trc khi nhn bn giao hin trng lp thang my (ngi bn giao c th l
ch u t hoc nh thu xy dng). V d: Vic kim tra phi t c mc ch l khng
nh tnh ng n v s p ng cc yu cu k thut ca cc hng mc cng trnh c lin
quan n thang my nh: ging thang, ca tng, phng my, h ging thang (h pit). Trong
phi lu kim tra cc kch thc chnh, cc sai s v cc iu kin khc nh cc hc
ch, chi tit chn ngm, mc treo ti, Phi quy nh trch nhim cho nh thu xy dng
trong vic sa cha khc phc nhng khim khuyt ca hng mc cng trnh xy dng
to iu kin cho Nh thu lp t thang my ch tin hnh lp t khi cc iu kin hin
trng p ng yu cu. Nh thu lp Bin bn nhn mt bng lp my, trong khng
nh rng cc iu kin v mt bng thi cng m bo.
- Nu cc yu cu v vic kim tra v nghim thu thit b trc khi tin hnh lp t. V
d: Kim tra xut x ca thang my a vo lp; kim tra cc chng ch cht lng v bo
co kt qu th nghim ca nh sn xut; kim tra s lng v tnh ng b cc chi tit,
ph kin.
b. Chun b phng tin k thut phc v lp t
- Nu cc yu cu chnh v cng tc chun b. V d:
- Quy nh v loi dn gio, sn thao tc, sc chu ti v cch b tr dn gio trong ging
thang, loi phng tin v cch thc di chuyn trong ging thang.
- Quy nh cc bin php chun b hin trng m bo an ton nh: Yu cu che chn
tt cc ca tng v ca phc v lp rp (nu c) trong cn quy nh chi tit chiu cao ti
thiu (tnh t mt sn) v khe h ti a, cng vng ca ca lan can.
- Quy nh v chiu sng tm thi phc v thi cng nh: v tr chiu sng (quy nh chiu
sng trong ging thang v bung my), mc chiu sng .
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Ngoi cc yu cu trn cn phi quy nh vic kim tra s chun b ca nh thu: V vt

t, trang thit b, dng c, g cn thit; cc chng ch an ton ca thit b nng, thit b
p lc (nu s dng); kim tra an ton in ca cc thit b, cng c dng in; kim tra
s y v h s k thut, ti liu hng dn lp rp thang my; kim tra s y v
trang b phng h lao ng, phng chng chy v ni quy an ton lp t thang my.
c. Giao hng, lu kho v vn chuyn
Quy nh v vic chuyn ch, bo qun, bn giao vt t cu kin phc v cho cng tc lp
t. V d: cc quy nh v:
- K hoch cung cp vt t, cu kin, linh kin ph hp vi k hoch lp t;
- Vn chuyn n hin trng, bc d v qun l hng.
- Bo qun vt t, cu kin, linh kin cho n khi bn giao a thang my vo s dng;
- Chuyn khi khu vc lp t vt liu khng t yu cu, thay th vt t b h hng;
- Bo qun tem, nhn ca nh sn xut.
d. Ch dn chung v cng tc lp t thang my
- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc lp t thang my. V d: phi tun th theo cc
hng dn ca nh sn xut, cc quy phm p dng, cc quy phm trong nc v nhng
khuyn co I vI cng vic c yu cu trong qu trnh tin hnh lp t.
- Nu yu cu v phi hp. V d: Nu cc yu cu v s phi hp vi cc nh thu khc
m bo tnh k thut (cao ngng ca ph hp vi cao sn,..) v m thut ca
ton b cng trnh;
- Nu yu cu v chng n, chng rung trong qu trnh lp t. V d: Quy nh cc gii
hn c th chp nhn c bng cc thng s k thut nh: rung, n.
e. Ch dn chi tit i vi cng tc lp t
- Nu yu cu c th v chnh xc cn t c sau khi lp rp, cn chnh. V d:
Khong h gia cp v mp l i cp trn sn bung my; khong khe gia bc ca tng
v bc ca cabin; chnh xc dng cabin mi im dng; khong cch ti thiu gia
cc b phn thang my nh: gia cabin v i trng, gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn
tng li thp, gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn kn ca ging pha khng c ca
cabin,; khong cch gia cnh ca tng vi cnh ca cabin; khong cch t cc phn
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thp nht ca trn ging thang, hoc cc thit b lp di trn, n mt nc cabin, khi i
trng trn cc tr t cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng; khong khng gian pha
di cabin n y h ging, khi cabin ln cc t cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn
cng.
- Nu yu cu c th v cng tc bi trn cn thc hin trong qu trnh lp t. V d: cp
lc, cp an ton, cc trc, con ln dn hng.
- Nu yu cu v cng tc xit bu lng, cng tc hn.
- Quy nh v vic chn cc l hon thin cc cu kin lin quan n cng tc lp t.
- Quy nh chi tit v vic cn chnh con ln dn hng sao cho trong sut hnh trnh di
chuyn cabin, p lc ln con ln ti bt k im no khng vt gi tr quy nh.
- Nu yu cu c th i vi cng tc lp in. V d: B tr cp in ng lc, cp iu
khin cho ph hp v kt hp mt cch hp l vi ng in ng lc v in iu khin
ca ta nh.Quy nh chi tit v nh s, k hiu cc dy in. km s i dy, m t
ng dy, mu sc v s hiu n bng iu khin.
f. Chy th v nghim thu sau lp t
- Nu yu cu v cng tc chun b nghim thu. V d: yu cu v cc b mt hon thin,
v vic sa cha nhng b phn b h hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn,.
- Nu tiu chun v yu cu v thi im nghim thu.
- Nu yu cu v quy trnh v chy th khng ti, c ti, a im v thi gian tin hnh th
nghim vn hnh chy th, vic cung cp cc cng c v vt liu kim tra,
g. o to hng dn s dng, vn hnh
Nu yu cu v cng tc o to, hng dn s dng, vn hnh, pht hin ra nguyn nhn
ca nhng hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh;
h. Yu cu i vi dch v bo hnh v duy tu bo dng
Nu yu cu v dch v bo hnh v duy tu bo dng. V d: thi gian cung cp dch v
bo hnh, cc yu cu i vi cng tc duy tu bo dng sau khi ht thi gian bo hnh.
7.4.2 Thang cun
7.4.2.1 Nhng vn chung
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a. Phm vi ca chng
Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny l cc ch dn lin quan n thang cun, bao
gm nhng khng gii hn cc phn cng vic sau y: Cc tiu chun p dng, cc ti
liu cn trnh, yu cu k thut, ch dn lp t, vn hnh, cc quy nh v nghim thu...
b. Cc chng c lin quan
Nu cc chng c ni dung lin quan. V d:
- Chng B tng c ti ch lin quan n t ng ni, b phn lng vo v cc thit b
neo mc trong b tng.
- Chng Thp kt cu lin quan n lp cc dm, cngxon v cc b phn thp kt cu
khc gin thang cun
- Chng Cng tc xy lin quan n ca ra vo thang cun.
- Chng Cung cp in lin quan n cp in cho thang cun,
c. Cc thut ng v nh ngha
Nu cc nh ngha, thut ng dng trong ti liu. V d: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch,
cc thut ng sau:
- Thang cun
- Thang cun siu cng sut
- Hng hc: Hng hc l hin tng sau c th xy ra khi thang cun vn hnh di
cng sut hoc hao mn qu mc hoc c chi tit gim bn qu mc, hoc khng an
ton; ting n hoc rung ng bt thng.
d. Cc tiu chun quy phm p dng

Nu cc tiu chun, quy phm lin quan n thang cun p dng cho cng trnh. V d:
- EN 115, Cc quy nh/nI quy v an ton I vI cng tc xy dng v lp t h thng
cc thang cun v bng tI hnh khch, y ban chu u v tiu chun ha.
e. H s, ti liu cn trnh
Nu tt c cc ti liu m nh thu cn trnh cho ch u t trc khi trin khai cng
vic. V d: bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
319
- Ti liu k thut ca thang cun c cc thng s chnh nh: Cng sut, kch thc, cc
tnh nng s dng, c tnh k thut ca h thng iu khin, km theo cc chng ch cn
thit;
- Ti liu k thut ca mt s b phn chnh nh ng c, t iu khin,) ca thang cun
- Ti liu hng dn, lp t (bao gm c cc bn v) ca nh ch to hoc do nh thu t
thc hin nh: s in, cc s tra du, m, hnh nh hoc cc bn v m t cc ph
kin/b phn;
- Cc giy chng nhn lin quan n cng tc kim tra v nghim thu sn phm trc khi
xut xng;
- Danh sch cng nhn c chng ch hnh ngh tng ng vi yu cu ca cng vic
- Nh thu s trnh cc bn v thit k thi cng, s t chc mt bng thi cng, thuyt
minh cc phng n bo m v sinh an ton, phng chng chy n,
7.4.2.2 Yu cu k thut
a. Yu cu chung
Nu yu cu chung v tnh nng ca thang cun. V d: Ti trng; tng chiu di thang;
vn tc di chuyn, cc tnh nng c trng cho kh nng vn hnh, cc tnh nng ca thang
cun cn th hin thong qua cc ch tiu nh gi nh: thi gian ch trung bnh, thi gian
ch ti a, tng thi gian vn hnh, cng sut ti trng cao im.
b. Yu cu v nng lc ca nh sn xut
Nu yu cu v nng lc ca nh sn xut. V d: S lng thang cun cung cp cho
cc cng trnh tng t; doanh thu bn hng
c. Yu cu v vt liu v ph kin
- Quy nh v cc yu cu v ngun gc, xut x ca cc linh kin, ph kin ca thang
cun.
- Quy nh v vic cung cp v lp t cc chi tit t sn trong b tng hay khi xy g
lp h thng gin , b ng c, b my ko, puly v cc b phn/linh kin khc ca
thang cun .
- Yu cu v mu sc ca cc b phn, linh kin thang cun
320
- Yu cu v chng loi vt liu nh: thp khng r ch to cc chi tit trong nh, cc chi
tit ngoi tri, knh lm lan can,...
- Vic cung cp cc chi tit t sn lp t vo b tng hay khI xy theo yu cu
d. Yu cu v tr
Nu yu cu i vi tr , khung kt cu thp, nh v tr , lch ti a.
e. Yu cu i vi b phn dn ng bc thang cun
Nu yu cu i vi c cu dn ng bc thang cun. V d:
- Yu cu i vi ng c c thit k dnh ring cho thang cun.
- Yu cu i vi hp gim tc.
- Yu cu i vi c cu khi ng.
- Yu cu v trc, vng bi (l loi cu, chng bm bI, t xc nh ...) v c cp b
phn/thit b bi trn.
- Yu cu i vi a xch ca c cu dn ng bc thang cun,
f. Yu cu i vi xch dn ng bc thang cun
Nu cc yu cu i vi xch dn ng bc thang.
- Yu cu v bi trn. V d: Thang cun siu cng sut phI c cung cp mt ng c
dn ng bc thang c cc b phn bi trn xch bc thang t ng.
- Yu cu v chng loi xch, cht lng, vt liu ch to cc chi tit, yu cu v gia cng.
- Yu cu i vi c cu cng xch V d: Xch s c cng t ng tI trm o chiu
pha dI u thang cun, duy tr lc cng ph hp ca dy xch trong iu kin ca cc
tI trng khc nhau.
- Nu yu cu v h s an ton ca xch.
g. Yu cu i vi h thng rnh trt
Nu yu cu i vi h thng rnh trt. V d: Yu cu v vt liu ch to, khong cch
gia cc tr , cht lng hon thin b mt rnh,..
h. Yu cu i vi bc thang
Nu yu cu i vi bc thang, bao gm:
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- Yu cu i vi cc bc phng. chnh lch ti a v chiu cao bc thang.

- Yu cu v vt liu ch to bc thang. V d: Khung bc thang, cc tm ph mt bc v
thanh tng cng .
- Yu cu i vi bnh xe bc thang, gii php treo bnh xe bc thang.
- Yu cu i vi mt bc thang. V d: vt liu, kch thc hnh dng mt bc, lp ph
bc, khe h tI thiu v kh nng iu chnh khe h gia cc bc.
- Nu yu cu v khe h cho php.
i. Yu cu i vi tm thnh
Nu cc yu cu i vi tm thnh. V d: vt liu ch to, kh nng thay th, cch lp
rp...
k. Yu cu v bao che thang cun
Nu cc yu cu v bao che thang cun. V d: din tch bao che, m thut, trang tr, hon
thin.
a. Kim tra giao nhn thit b trc khi a vo lp t
- Quy nh v vic kim tra ca nh thu lp t i vi cc phn vic do nh thu khc
thc hin trc khi nhn bn giao hin trng lp thang cun. V d: Vic kim tra phi
t c mc ch l khng nh tnh ng n v s p ng cc yu cu k thut ca cc
hng mc cng trnh c lin quan n thang cun nh: h thang, vch thang. Trong phi
lu kim tra cc kch thc chnh, cc sai s v cc iu kin khc nh cc hc ch, chi
tit chn ngm, mc treo ti, phi quy nh trch nhim cho nh thu xy dng trong
vic sa cha khc phc nhng khim khuyt ca hng mc cng trnh xy dng to
iu kin cho Nh thu lp t thang cun ch tin hnh lp t khi cc iu kin hin
trng p ng yu cu. c bng chng lu tr, yu cu nh thu lp bin bn nhn mt
bng lp my, trong khng nh rng cc iu kin v mt bng thi cng m bo.
- Nu cc yu cu v vic kim tra v nghim thu thit b trc khi tin hnh lp t. V
d: xut x ca thang cun a vo lp; cc chng ch cht lng v bo co kt qu th
nghim ca nh sn xut; kim tra s lng v tnh ng b cc chi tit, ph kin.
b. Chun b phng tin k thut phc v lp t
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Nu cc yu cu chnh v cng tc chun b. V d nh:

- Quy nh v loi dn gio, sn thao tc, sc chu ti v cch b tr dn gio trong h
thang, loi phng tin v cch thc di chuyn trong h thang. V d: B tr cc sn thao
tc bng g, vi khong cch gia tng gio khng qu 3m, c thang tay di chuyn
gia cc sn; sn thao tc phi vng chc, chu c ti khng di 2,5KN/m2 sn.
- Quy nh cc bin php chun b hin trng m bo an ton. V d: Yu cu che
chn tt cc v tr phc v lp rp (nu c) trong cn quy nh chi tit chiu cao ti thiu
(tnh t mt sn) v khe h ti a, cng vng ca ca lan can.
- Quy nh v chiu sng tm thi phc v thi cng. V d: v tr chiu sng, mc chiu
sng . V d: dng ngun in c in p khng qu 42V, chiu sng khng di
50Lux, cc bng n phi mc pha trn cc sn thao tc, ti nhng v tr khng gy cn tr
cng vic lp t.
- Ngoi cc yu cu trn cn phi quy nh vic kim tra s chun b ca nh thu:
+ V vt t, trang thit b, dng c, g cn thit;
+ V cc chng ch an ton ca thit b nng, thit b p lc (nu s dng);
+ an ton in ca cc thit b, cng c dng in;
+ S y v h s k thut, ti liu hng dn lp rp thang cun;
+ Trang b phng h lao ng, phng chng chy v ni quy an ton.
c. Giao hng, lu kho v vn chuyn
Quy nh v vic chuyn ch, bo qun, bn giao vt t cu kin phc v cho cng tc lp
t. V d:
- Vic cung cp vt t, cu kin, linh kin ph hp vi k hoch lp t;
- Vic vn chuyn n hin trng, bc d hng v qun l.
- Vic bo qun vt t, cu kin, linh kin khi h hng do tc ng c hc, ha hc, nhit
, m mi trng cho n khi bn giao a thang cun vo s dng.
- Vic thay th nhng vt liu khng p ng yu cu.
- Vic bo qun cc tem, nhn ca nh sn xut.
d. Ch dn chung v lp t thang cun
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- Nu yu cu chung i vi cng tc lp t thang cun. V d: phi tun th theo cc

hng dn ca nh sn xut, cc quy phm p dng, cc quy phm trong nc v nhng
khuyn co I vI cng vic c yu cu trong qu trnh tin hnh lp t.
- Nu yu cu v phi hp vi cc nh thu khc m bo tnh k thut v m thut ca
ton b cng trnh.
- Nu yu cu v chng n, chng rung trong qu trnh lp t, cc gii php chng n
chng rung. V d: treo thit b quay v rung trn cc khung/gi, cch ly rung.
- Nu yu cu v cng n cho php, bao gm cc thng s k thut chu nh hng
nhiu ca cng tc lp t. nh: rung, n. V d: Mc ting n c th chp nhn
c trong bung thang my c pht ra bI s chuyn ng ca bung thang my v s
thng gi ca bung thang my l 55 dB khi o trung tm ca bung thang cun v ti
cao l 1.5 mt so vi sn. Trong qu trnh vn hnh ca thang cun, mc ting n chp
nhn c l 65 dB.
e. Ch dn chi tit i vi cng tc lp t
- Nu yu cu c th v chnh xc cn t c sau khi lp rp, cn chnh.
- Nu yu cu c th v cng tc bi trn cn thc hin trong qu trnh lp t.
- Nu yu cu v cng tc xit bu lng, cng tc hn.
- Quy nh v vic chn cc l hon thin cc cu kin lin quan n cng tc lp t.
- Nu yu cu c th i vi cng tc lp in. V d: vic tun th cc quy phm/ quy
nh hin hnh, b tr cp in ng lc, cp iu khin ph hp, s kt hp ng in
ng lc v in iu khin ca ta nh, vic nh s, k hiu cc dy in. Vic cung cp
s i dy, m t ng dy, mu sc v s hiu
f. Chy th v nghim thu sau lp t
- Nu yu cu v cng tc chun b nghim thu.
- Nu tiu chun v yu cu v thi im nghim thu. V d: Cng tc nghim thu s c
thc hin theo yu cu v quy nh trong cc quy phm ca Nh nc v cc quy nh/ ni
quy ca c quan qun l.
- Nu yu cu v chy th khng ti, c ti. V d: trnh t nghim thu, quy trnh cht ti
th, cc thng s cn quan trc, cch ghi bin bn chy th.
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- Quy nh v thnh phn, thi gian, a im th nghim vn hnh chy th thang cun
- Quy nh v cung cp cc cng c v thit b kim tra .
g. o to hng dn s dng, vn hnh
Nu yu cu v cng tc o to, hng dn s dng, vn hnh, pht hin ra nguyn nhn
ca nhng hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh.
h. Yu cu i vi dch v bo hnh v duy tu bo dng
Nu yu cu v dch v bo hnh v duy tu bo dng. V d: thi gian cung cp dch v
bo hnh, cc yu cu i vi cng tc duy tu bo dng sau khi ht thi gian bo hnh.
325
Chng 7.5 Chng st cho cng trnh

7.5.1 Nhng vn chung
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc chng
st cho cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
Lit k cc chng v cc ti liu lin quan, v d: Cn xem xt cng vi cc chng sau:
Chng 7.2 H thng in
7.5.1.3 Cc nh ngha
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng i vi cng tc chng st, bao gm nhng
khng gii hn cc tiu chun sau:
-
TCXDVN 46-2007 Tiu chun v chng st cho cng trnh xy dng Hng dn
thit k, kim tra v bo tr h thng;
TCN 68-174/2008 Tiu chun ngnh bu chnh vin thng v thng tin. Quy phm
chng st v tip t cho cng trnh vin thng;
TCVN 5717-1993 Van chng st = Yu cu k thut
7.5.2 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b
7.5.2.1 Kim thu st
- Nu cc thng s k thut ca kim thu st nh : chng loi vt liu, kch thc hnh hc,
quy cch ch to. V d: l bng thp CT3, trn, ng knh D=16 mm, di 1,00m, u
trn nhn,...
- Nu yu cu v bin php chng n mn. V d: Bn ngoi kim thu st c sn 2 lp
sn chng r, ring 10 cm trn cng (u nhn) khng sn.
7.5.2.2 Kim thu st tin o
326
- Nu thng s k thut ca kim thu st tin o nh: M hiu hng ha, tn nh sn xut,
tiu chun p dng, tnh nng tc dng.
7.5.2.3 Dy dn st.
Nu cc thng s k thut nh: chng loi,vt liu, kch thc hnh hc, quy cch ch to.
V d: Dy dn st l loi 1 li bng nhm, ng trc, c bo v bng nhiu lp cch
in, kch thc c v khng nh hn 14mm, ng knh ca li khng nh hn 6mm,..
hoc Dy dn st l loi dy ng trn trn tit din 70 mm2
7.5.2.4 Cc ni t
Nu cc thng s k thut nh : chng loi,vt liu, kch thc hnh hc, quy cch ch to
ca cc ni t. V d: L loi cc ng, ng knh 16 mm, di 2,5 m,...
7.5.2.5 Li tip a
Nu cc thng s k thut ca li tip a nh : cu to li tip a, vt liu, kch thc
hnh hc, quy cch ch to. V d: Li tip a c cu to li c vi kch thc
600 x 600 mm , bng cc thanh thp dt c chiu rng 3 cm, dy 5 mm c m km
nhng nng
7.5.3 Thi cng
7.5.3.1 Thi cng cc ni t
Nu cc yu cu k thut thi cng cc ni t, nh: chiu su chn cc, phng php thi
cng, yu cu i vi vng t xung quanh cc. V d: Cc ni t c chn su 2 m so
vi ct 0,0 thi cng bng phng php p cc. t xung quanh cc l t c c kh nng
dn in cao. Trng hp khng la chn c khu t p ng yu cu th phi tin hnh
thay th t xung quanh cc vi ng knh 1 m bng t mu hoc t st.
7.5.3.2 Thi cng li tip a
Nu cc yu cu k thut thi cng li tip a, nh: yu cu v chiu su chn li tip
a, phng php u ni khi thi cng li tip a,. V d: Li tip a c ri su
1,00m so vi ct 0,00. Cc dy (hoc cc thanh) tip a c ni vi nhau v ni vi dy
dn st bng phng php hn.
7.5.3.3 Thi cng dy dn st
327
Nu cc yu cu k thut thi cng dy dn st, nh: yu cu v vic c nh dy dn st

vo cng trnh, phng php u ni dy (nu cn),
7.5.3.4 Lp t kim thu st
Nu cc yu cu k thut thi cng lp t kim thu st, nh: khong cch gia cc kim thu
st, phng php c nh vo cng trnh, phng php u ni vi dy dn st,...
7.5.4 Kim tra, nghim thu
7.5.4.1 o in tr tip t.
Nu cc yu cu i vi vic o in tr tip t, nh: yu cu v thi tit khi o, thit b
o, s im o,...
7.5.4.2 Nghim thu h thng chng st
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc nghim thu, nh: yu cu v thnh phn tham gia nghim
thu, cc iu kin ti thiu cn p ng khi nghim thu, cc mu biu, bin bn nghim
thu,...
328
Chng 7.6 PHNG CHY CHA, CHY CHO CNG TRNH

7.6.1 Nhng vn chung
p dng, yu cu i vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc
PCCC cho cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
Lit k cc chng v cc ti liu lin quan, v d: Khi xem xt cc ni dung chng ny
cn tham kho cc chng sau ca Ch dn k thut: Chng 7.1 Cp thot nc; Chng
7.2 H thng in
7.6.1.3 Cc nh ngha
H thng cha chy t ng
Nu cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng i vi cng tc PCCC, bao gm nhng
khng gii hn cc tiu chun sau:
-
Lut Phng chy v Cha chy;
Quy chun XD 06:2010/BXD Quy chun k thut quc gia an ton phng chy cha
chy cho nh v cng trnh;
TCVN 5738:1993 - H thng bo chy. Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 4879:1989 (ISO 6309 : 87) - Phng chy. Du hiu an ton;
TCVN 4878:1989 (ISO 3941 : 77) - Phn loi chy - Yu cu chung;
TCVN 3254:1989 - An ton chy. Yu cu chung;
TCVN 5303:1990 - An ton chy - Thut ng v nh ngha;
TCVN 5738:2000 - H thng bo chy t ng - Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 5040 : 1990 - Thit b Phng chy v cha chy - K hiu hnh v dng trn
s phng chy - Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 6103:1996 - Phng chy cha chy - Thut ng - Khng ch khi;
TCVN 5760:1993 - H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung v thit k,lp t v s

dng;
329
TCVN 7336:2003 - Phng chy cha chy. H thng sprinkler t ng. Yu cu

thit k v lp t;
TCVN 7161-1:2002H thng cha chy bng kh. Tnh cht vt l v thit k h
thng. Phn 1: Yu cu chung;
TCVN 6100:1996 - Phng chy cha chy. Cht cha chy - Cacbon ioxit
TCVN 6101:1996 - Thit b cha chy. H thng cha chy cacbon ioxit. Thit k
v lp t;
TCVN 6102:1996 - Phng chy cha chy. Cht cha chy. Bt;
TCVN 7435-1:2004 - Phng chy, cha chy - Bnh cha chy xch tay v xe y
cha chy- Phn 1: La chn v b tr";
TCVN 7435-2:2004 - Phng chy, cha chy - Bnh cha chy xch tay v xe y
cha chy. Phn 2: Kim tra v bo dng;
TCVN 2622:1995 - Phng chy,chng chy cho nh v cng trnh - Yu cu thit k;
TCVN 3991:1985 - Tiu chun phng chy trong thit k xy dng - Thut ng,
nh ngha ;
TCVN 6160:1996 - Phng chy, cha chy - Nh cao tng - Yu cu thit k;
TCVN 6161:1996 - Phng chy v cha chy - Ch v trung tm thng mi - Yu

cu thit k ;
TCXD 218:1998 - H thng pht hin chy v bo ng chy - Quy nh chung;
7.6.2 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b bo chy

7.6.2.1 T bo chy
Nu yu cu k thut i vi t bo chy nh: kh nng phn vng chy, cc tnh nng k
thut khc ca t. V d: T bo chy gm 100 knh, c phn thnh 3 vng chy, c
trang b n bo chy, chung bo chy,...
7.6.2.2 Dy bo chy
Nu yu cu k thut i vi dy bo chy. V d: Dy bo chy l loi dy 1 li ng trc,
c kh nng chng chy, c tit din 0,5 mm2
7.6.2.3 Chung bo chy
Nu yu cu k thut i vi chung bo chy, nh: cng m thanh, cng , in p
dng in cp cho chung,...
330
7.6.2.4 Nt n bo chy
Nu yu cu k thut i vi nt n bo chy, nh: lc tc ng, nhy, mu sc, ...
7.6.2.5 u cm bin nhit
Nu cc yu cu k thut i vi u cm bin nhit, nh: ngng nhit bo ng chy,
dung sai v nhit bo ng, hnh dng ca u bo, phng php lp t,...
7.6.2.6 u cm bin khi
Nu cc yu cu k thut i vi u cm bin khi, nh: thng s v nng khi trong
khng kh thi im pht bo ng chy, dung sai v nng khi, phng php lp t
(V d: lp m trn),...
7.6.3 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b cha chy
7.6.3.1 My bm nc cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi my bm nc cha chy nh: tiu chun p dng, lu lng cp
nc, p lc nc, dng in, cng sut in tiu th, yu cu v kim nh trc khi xut
xng,...
7.6.3.2 ng ng cp nc cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi ng ng cp nc cha chy nh: tiu chun p dng, vt liu
ch to, kch c, kh nng chu p lc, chiu dy ti thiu, phng php u ni,...
7.6.3.3 Lng cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi lng phun cha chy: tiu chun p dng, vt liu ch to, kch c,
kh nng chu p lc, phng php u ni,...
7.6.3.4 Vi phun nc cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi vi phun cha chy: tiu chun p dng, vt liu ch to, kch c,
kh nng chu p lc, phng php u ni,...
7.6.3.5 u phun nc t ng
Nu cc yu cu i vi u phun nc cha chy t ng bao gm: tiu chun
p dng, chng loi, kch c, kh nng chu p lc, phng php u ni, nhit tc
ng...
7.6.3.6 Van cc loi
331
Nu cc yu cu i vi van cha chy nh van lu lng, van gim p, van chn: tiu
chun p dng, chng loi, kch c, kh nng chu p lc, ...
7.6.3.7 Bnh cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi bnh cha chy (bnh CO2, bnh bt cha chy,...) nh: tiu chun
p dng, chng loi, kch c, kh nng tc ng, p lc nn, ...
7.6.4 Thi cng
7.6.4.1 Lp t h thng bo chy
a. Lp t t bo chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni t bo chy nh yu cu v chc chn,
v u ni vi cc thit b bo chy t ng v bn t ng, ...
b. Lp dy bo chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni dy bo chy nh yu cu v vic c
nh trn thang cp, mng cp, v phng php u ni dy, ...
c. Lp t thit b bo chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni dy bo chy nh yu cu v vic c
nh dy trn thang cp, mng cp, v phng php u ni dy, ...
7.6.4.2 Lp t h thng cha chy
a. Lp t my bm nc cha chy
Nu cc yu cu v ch dn k thut lp t my bm nc cha chy, bao gm: tiu chun
p dng, yu cu v kn kht, yu cu i vi mi hn (nu c) yu cu v chng rung,
chng n, yu cu i vi cng tc lp t in cho my bm, v cng tc tip a,...
b. Thi cng ng ng cp nc cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni ng ng cp nc cha chy nh yu
cu v cao ng, gi ng, bin php ni ng, p sut th sau khi lp t,...
c. Lp t t cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni t cha chy nh yu cu v cao , gi
ng, p sut th sau khi lp t, mu sn hon thin...
c. Lp t h thng cha chy t ng
332
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc lp t, u ni h thng cha chy t ng nh yu cu

v cao lp ng, lp u phun, p sut th sau khi lp t, cng tc hon thin sau khi lp
t ...
7.6.5 Kim tra, nghim thu
7.6.5.1 Kim tra, nghim thu h thng bo chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc kim tra, nghim thu h thng bo chy nh: tiu chun
nghim thu, quy trnh chy th khng ti, c ti, yu cu i vi h s hon cng,...
7.6.5.2 Kim tra, nghim thu h thng cha chy
Nu cc yu cu i vi cng tc kim tra, nghim thu h thng cha chy nh: tiu chun
nghim thu, quy trnh chy th khng ti, c ti, yu cu i vi h s hon cng,...
333

Hướng Dẫn Lập Chỉ Dẫn Kỹ Thuật Trong Thi Công - dân Dụng Và Công Nghiệp

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Hướng Dẫn Lập Chỉ Dẫn Kỹ Thuật Trong Thi Công - dân Dụng Và Công Nghiệp

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B XY DNG

HI KT CU V CNG NGH XY DNG VIT NAM

TI KHOA HC CNG NGH

HNG DN LP CH DN K THUT TRONG THI CNG CC CNG

TI KHOA HC CNG NGH

HNG DN LP CH DN K THUT TRONG THI CNG CC CNG

Hi Kt cu v Cng ngh Xy dng Vit Nam

GS.TSKH Nguyn Vn Lin

Nhng ngi tham gia thc hin ti:

Chng 1.1 Tiu chun k thut v nh ngha ..

Chng 1.2 Cc yu cu v th tc hnh chnh .

Chng 1.3 Cc yu cu v qun l cht lng

Chng 1.4 Cc yu cu v vt t, thit b (sn phm)..

Chng 1.5 Cc yu cu trong thi cng xy dng

Chng 1.6 Ti liu thanh l H s hon cng

Phn 2 Chun b thi cng

Chng 2.1 Dn dp mt bng..

Chng 2.2 Kim tra v bo v mt bng cng trng.

Chng 2.3 Phng th nghim v trang thit b th nghim.

Phn 3 Cng tc nn mng

Chng 3.2 Cc khoan nhi v tng trong t.....

Chng 3.3 X l nn (bc thm/ ging ct hoc tr t xi mng)..............

Phn 4 Cng tc b tng, b tng ct thp, gch ..............................

Chng 4.1 Cng tc b tng

Chng 4.2 Cng tc b tng c sn ..

Chng 4.3 Cng tc b tng ng lc trc

Chng 4.4 Cng tc gch v gch c ct thp ..

Phn 5 Cng tc kim loi ..........................................................................

Chng 5.1 Kt cu thp .............................................................................

Chng 5.2 H sn, h tng, h mi thp ................................................

Chng 5.3 Cc kt cu thp v kim loi khc............................................

Phn 6 Cng tc hon thin ...................................................................

Chng 6.1 Yu cu chung..........................................................................

Chng 6.2 Cng tc lt ............................................................................

Chng 6.3 Cng tc lng ..........................................................................

Chng 6.4 Cng tc trt ............................................................................

Chng 6.5 Cng tc p .............................................................................

Chng 6.6 Cng tc vi, sn, vc ni ..........................................................

Chng 6.7 Cng tc gia cng, lp t ca ................................................

Chng 6.8 Cng tc lp t trn gi ..........................................................

Chng 6.9 Cng tc lp mi ....................................................................

Chng 6.10 Cng tc chng thm .............................................................

Chng 6.11 Cng tc chng nng .............................................................

Chng 6.12 Cng tc lp knh cho mt ng ngoi nh............................

Chng 6.13 Cc yu cu v gio v an ton lao ng khi hon thin

7.3.4 H thng thng gi .............................................................................

7.3.5 Chng n mn v cch nhit ..............................................................

7.3.6 Qun l ting n v rung ng c kh ................................................

7.3.7 Cc thit b o m ............................................................................

7.3.8 Cc thit b, ph tng v ph kin in ...............................................

7.3.9 Cc thit b iu khin h thng iu ha khng kh ..........................

7.3.10 Th nghim, o c, iu chnh v nghim thu h thng iu ha

khng kh v thng gi .................................................................................

Chng 7.4 Thang my v thang cun .......................................................

7.4.1 Thang my .........................................................................................

7.4.2 Thang cun .........................................................................................

Chng 7.5 Chng st cho cng trnh

7.5.1 Nhng vn chung ...........................................................

7.5.2 Yu cu i vi vt t, thit b...........................................................

7.5.3 Thi cng ........................................................................................

7.5.4 Kim tra, nghim thu .....................................................................

Nu phm vi ca chng. V d: Chng ny nu cc tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh,

Cc chng v ti liu lin quan