Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 875-5 (1987): Code of Practice For Design Loads (Other

Than Earthquake) For Buildings And Structures, Part 5:
Special Loads And Combinations [CED 37: Structural Safety]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

.8 : I7Il P. . I ) till
( Reaffirmed 2003 )

Indian Standard
CODS OF PRAcrlCE FOR

DESIGN LOADS (OTHER mAN EARTHQUAKE)

FOR. BUILDINGS AND STRUCfURBS
PART I ...ICtAL LOAD. AND COIIIATIOIl.

( Second R"ilion)
Fourtb Reprint NOVEMBER 1997

o CtllYrI,1II 1"3

or

ITA"D~.
MANAIt IllAYAN, 9 IWIADua SHAH IAMi auao
HlW DBLBJ 1I~

IU AU

Gr 5

INDIAN

11.175( ..... 5)-1117

Indian Standard
CODB OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN LOADS (OTHBR THAN EARTHQUAKE)
FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUcrURBS
PART I

8PICIAL LOAD. AND LOAD COINATIONS

( Second Revision)
Structural Safety Sect10Dal Committee, BOO 37

c""'_a

. . . Da L. V.

",.,a,..

URI.....

D. K. G.

SUI M. s. a....Ift.
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ft

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BDpDeu-ia-Cbilf'. Inacb, Army Headquarten

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aharat H_yY BJectrical. Limited, Corporate
R.eaearda
"DlveJopmlal
DivWoa.
Hyderabacl
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N. Ddlli
1D~""iDChilf. Bruch, ~m'l H.adquarterl,
New Deihl

(~"",... )

Ceatral BuildiD'

Roorke.

a... earcb

I.dtut. (CSla).

8. .1 A. DAft. ( AlwMII )
Cutral Public Wor" Dlpartm.at. NIW Diliai
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8V DS'JIIIDI 8uanTo. 0"
WO.D (NDZ) 11 (AI..... )
Da P. DAYU.UAII
ladiu lutilatl of T.cbDoIOlY. Kupur
DB A. S. a..aAl (
DWU'i't M01IIu..... eo..&alI- Mualdpal Corporation of Gr.ater Bombay,
ona (
)
Bombay

A"""'")

Otri

( ..""".,. )

Daunoa ( CMDD-I )
Clalral Wac. CommiuiOD, New D.lhi
n.ton DDII01'Oa ( CUDDl ) \~' )
U.,--oa A. M. 0001.8..
. IItloa 01. . . . . ( Iaclia ). Calcutta
hoI' D. N. Tam ( MurM,. )
(c_. . 1M" 2 )

o c.""""

1988
BUR.lAU 0' INDIAN STANDARDS
TbIa pabllcadoll iI protected aad. the ,,,,,. C.1riIIIIA.' (XIV or 1957) aDd
repNCluctlaa i. wbole 01' ia part bJ aa, lD.au cept witb wrtttea permiaioa of the
publ........l he cI..... to be &II iaf......m.at of copyri,bc uaelercb. laid Act.

rs. 875 ( Part 5 ) 1917

( c .-".. /M,. I )
M..-,
c. GOPTA

aB.1

A.

S.al

P. S. . GUItTA

Na,ioaal Tbwmal Power CorporatioD

New Delhi
Stfwarcaa.d Lloyd. of Ind.a Ltd. Calcutta

Sa.1 M. M. Gaol. (
SSa! G. B. JAB.GIRDAit

J0

&"",,,,;,,,

I Jf 'I'

DI".CTOB

Ltd.

.411".', ) National

STxDARDa

(8&8).CO
SRaI S. P. JO1

Indultri.l DeveloplDeat CorporaliOD

Ltd, New D.lhl
MiD'ltry of Railway.

Tata Coalu1tml EDliDlen. New Delhi

8. .1 A. P. MULL ( dl'''"G'')
8. .1 s. 1\. K1JL~ 1
SI S. N. PAL ( AI,,,.,. )

M. N. Dutur & Co. Calcutta

5... H. N. MIS""

Fore. RI.arch IDititute aad Collere,_ Debra

M"....

81 R. K. PU.B~.I (
S8RI T. K. D.
Da C. R .Jau...

~U""."

DUD

EDliaeer. IDdia Ltd, New Delhi

Naeioaal Couaeil lor Cemeat It BuildiDI
Material New Delhi
Structur.1 EqiDeeria, &.Iearch c.atre ( aSlll ).

Madra

s M. V. D. . . . . . .ATBY ( AI",,,.,, )
SaRI T. N. SVBB4 a.o
GammoQ India Ltd.
DB S. V. LOJl'EAB (
8 1 P. K. R~y

.41'",..',)

P. K. MUKS "
5B.1 S. S. .aAB.lIIA.
811ftl

SBBI

S. P.

AI,,,,,.,,ladiaD
) EDliaeerial AIaociation. Calcutta

MiDistry or SurCac. TraDiport (Road. WiDI ).

New Delhi

CaAKBABOaTY \

SBRI M. C. SHARMA
SHltl K. S. SRllCJV AllAH
SKRI A. K. LAL (

Sa.1 SU8BIL

Bombay

AI,,,,,,,,, )

AII""." )

KUM.lB

SURr G. R~.A1f,
Director ( Civ Eng, )

Indian Meteorological DepartmeDt. New Delhi

National BuiJdinl1 OrsaaizatioD, New Delbi
National DuildiDI ConltructioD CorporatioD Ltd.
New Delhi
Director GeIler.I, DIS (S.. . . MIIII6Ir )
Sln,~

B. R.. NAa~YAlfA:r.j.
Deputy Director ( ely Enll ), DIS
Saal

( Ct;nru4 ." /NI,. 18 )

AMENDMENT NO.1 DECEMBER 2006

TO
IS 875 (PART 5) : 1987 CODE OF PRAC'fICE FOR
DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE)
FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
PART 5 SPECIAL LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

( Second Revision )
(Page 9, clause 4.1, first para. last sentence) -

Substitute the following

for the existing:

'The cracks usually propagate if the loading is CYClIC and repetitive '
(Page 9, clause 4.1, second para, line 1) -

Substitute 'cyclic an-t

repetitive loading' for 'loading cycles'.

(Page 17, Note 4) - Insert the following matter at the end

'In case oflugh watertable, the effects ofbuoyancy have to be SUitably taken Into consrderauon '

Note 5) subsequent notes:

(Page 17,

'NOTE .5 provided '

Insert the following new note and renumber the

In case of high water table, the factor of safety of 1 2 against uplift alone shall be

(CED 37)
ReprographyUnit, BI8, New Deihl. Incha

III 175 ( Pan 5 ) 1117

Indian Standard
CODB OF PRACTICB FOR
DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE)
FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
PART I

SPECIAL LOADS AND LOAD CO'NATIONS

( Second Revision)
o. rOREWORD
1.1 Thillndian Standard ( Part 5 ) ( Second Revilion) was adopted by
the Bureau of Indian Standard. on 31 Augult 1987, after the draft finaliz
ed by the Structural Surty Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Civil Engineering Division Council.
8.2 A building has to perform many functiontWac orily. Amongst
these function. are the utility of the buildinl for the intended use and
occupancy. Itructural .arety, fire I.fety; and compliance with hygienic,
-.-nitatioD, ventilation and day light standarda. The design of the building
it dependent upon the minimum requirements prescribed for each or the
above functions. The minimum requirements pertaining to the Itructural
.rety of buDding. are being covered in this code by way of laying down
minimum design load, which have to be UI,uned for dead loads. imposed
load., .now loads and other external load the .tnadure would be required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standard. recommended in this
code, It it hoped, will not only ensure the structural safety of the buildinp
which are being designed and constructed in the country and thereby
reduce the hazards to life and property cauled by unsafe structure., but
allO eliminate the wastage caused by assuming unnecessarily heavy loadinp. Notwith.tandiDg what is stated regarding the Itructural lardy of
buildings, the application of the provisions should be carried out by competent and responsible Itnactural designer who would ..tisey himself that
the atructure designed in accordance with thi. code meet. the deslred
performance requirement. when the same i. carried out accordinl to
lpeci6cations.
0.3 Thi. standard code of practice wu fint pubWhtd in 1957 for the
rid.nee of civil engineen, designer. and architeetuociated with plannIDI and design of building.. It included the proviSions for basic design
3

18 175 ( Part 5 ) 1917

loads ( dead load., live loads, wind loads and seismic loads ) to be assumed
in the design of buildings. In its fint revision in 1964, the wind pressure
provisionl were modified on \be basis of ltudies of wind phenomenon and
ita effects on structuree, undertaken by the lpecial committee in consultation
with the Indian Meteorological Department. In addition to this, new
clauses on wind loads for butterfty type structures were included; wind
pressure coefficien tI for sheeted foofs both curved and sloping were modified; seismic load provisions were deleted (separate code having been
prepared ) and metric system of weights and measurements was adopted.

0.3.1 With the increased adoption of the code, a number of comments

were received on the provisions on live load valuel adopted for different
occupancies. Simultaneously live load .urvey. have been carried out in
America, Canada and other countries 10 arrive at reaJiltic live loads based
on actual determination of loading ( movable and immovable ) in
different occupancies. Keeping this in view and othtr developments in the
field of wind engineering. the committee responsible for the preparation of
the standard decided to prepare second revision in the following five parts:
Part 1 Dead load.
Part 2 Imposed loads
Pan 3 Wind loads

Part 4 Snow loads

Part 5 Special loads and load combiDatioDi.
Earthquake load is covered in a separate standard,. namely IS: 189S.
1984. which should be conaidered aloog with the above loads.
0.3.2 This code ( Part 5 ) deal. with loadiaDd load effects (other than
tbole covered in Parts 1 to 4, and seismic loads) due to temperature changes, internally generating atresses (due to creep, shrinkage.
difFerential settlement, etc) in the buildiol. and its components, soil and
hydroltatic pressure. accidental load., etc. Thil part also includes go id-

ance on load combinatioDs.

0.4 The code has taken into account the prevailing practices in regard to
loadiDg standards followed in this country by the various municipal authorities and haa alao taken note the developments in a number of countries
abroad. In the preparation of this code, the following national standards
have been examined:

or

or

a) National Building Code

Canada ( 1977 ) Supplement No.4.
Canadian Structural Design Manual.
Criteria for earthquake resiat.at delip or Itructuret (

'.11 'Ji.. ).

11.1'5 (Pan S) .11"

b) DS 410-1913 Oocle 01 practice for loacla for the detip of Itruet
ura. DaDiIh StaDdarcla IDltitutiOD.
c) NZS 4203-1976 New Zealanel 8caDdarci Geoeral.truetura1 dalBD
aDd d~a 1oacIioS for buildiDI. Scuclardl AaIociatioa or New

Zeal_d.

d) ANSI A 58.1-1982 Americao Standard BuilcliDI code requireme'D1i ror minJlD1"D daip loads in buildinp aDd other Itrueturel.

I. seOPB
1.1 Tbil cocle ( Part 5 } deals with loadl and load elrectl due to temperature chan. ., soil aDd hydrOitatic F--a, iDtemaily leDeratiDl Itrella
( due to creep, .brink., difFerential lettlemellt, etc), accidental loacll
etc, to be cODilderecl in the daip or buildiap u appropriate. Tho part
abo include! pidance OR load combinatioDl. The nature of loada to be
cODIlderecl for particular IituatloD iI to be baled on eqiDeeriDi
jwtgemeot.
2. TBtUBIlA.TmlB BnBaTl
2.1 ~OD and contractioD due to chaDp in teDI'perature or the
materials or Itrueture .haD be coDliclered in deaipa. ~oviaioD shall be
made either to relieve \be Itraa by_provisioD or apanlioD/contraetloD
joints ill accordance wi&h IS : 3414-1968- or daisn the Itructure to carry
additiODai Itrellea due to temperature efFecu u appropriate to me

problem.
2.1.1 The temperature IUle van.. for different repoDi anel uncler
difFereD& diurnal aDd .MODai coDclidODL The ablolute muimum aDel
mlDlmum tem~.ure which may be expected ill difFerent localitiel in
the country are iDclicatecl iD Fis. 1 and 2 rapecdve!y. Tbae Ssw- may
be UIeCl r. pldance in III __I th. maximDlD varlatlODI or temperature.
2.1.2 The temP'!aturea iDdlcated in Fil. 1 aDd 2 are the air temperatures i.D the Ibade. The~. of variadoll iD temperature or the buildiDI
materiall may be appredablf ~.ter or 1_ tbia the variation of air
temperature and illDlueDcecl by the coDdidon or apoaue aDd the rate at
wblaa the materlaJl compodDl the atructure ablOrb or radiate heat. Tbia
difFerezace ia temperature varladODi or the material and air mould be liveD
cl. couideradoD.
2.1.1 The Itructural ADalyU lDat take Into account: Ca) ch. . . of the
.... ( throuBh the aeetiOil ) temperature ill reladoD to the initial tempera " (1& ). aad (b) the temperature padient tbrOQlb the lecdoD.
-Code 01practice lor c1t11p aacI _talJadaD 01joiatl ill buD".

II

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MAP Of INDIA

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01 India.
Gov,.....lat of (Delia CoPYrllbt t 993
lteapoaalbillty f. the correctae. or latenal det.ila reatI with the pubillben.

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na, territorial -at. . of lad. mead lato tbe lea to diataac. or tl" ..utical mil
......... froID Ib, approprIat. b... II...
.... Upoll SU"., or ladle map wilb Ih. perm.IIOD of tb, Surveyor 0 ....1 ollDCIIa.

o 00Yma1D_ oIll1d1a CoP,rllbt 1993

ll.poUbiUtr r. dI. conec'" or lllt....1 d.talll , .... wkla ab. pubU....
FIG.

2 CIlAltT SBOWllfG Low.rr MINIMUM

TaUP ATO

18 I 175 ( Pan 5 ) 1117

2.1.1.1 It .hould be borne in mind that the change. of mean temperature iD relatioD to the initial are liable to differ .. between one structural
element and aDotber in buildinp or Itrueturel. U (or example, between
the sternal wall. and the internal e1emeDti or building_ The diatribulioD
of temperature through section of .inale-lear structural clementi may be
aDUmed linear for the purpose of analysia.

'1.

2.1.1.2 The effect of mean temperature chaapl and '. aDd the
temperature gradients lit and u. in the hot and cold leuons for lingle-leaf
Itructural elementslhall be evaluated on the bail of ualytical principles_

or

NODI I - For ~rtloDi or the Itructun below pouDCIlevel, the YUiatloa

temperature lI,eaenu, IlIIIplftcaDt. How..., dum. the period of C'OIIItructioD

whea the J!)rtiolll 01 the Itructure are

_POMd

to weather el...eDta. adequate pro-

viaiOll aboUld be mad. to eacounter adyftle efFecti. it aDyNQII'II 2 - If it CaD be abowa by i_eriI:w prlDCipl, or lr it II Down rroal
experience, that Delleet of lOme or all the etrectl 01 t~erature do not affect the
ItrUctural.arety uaelMrYlcbllity. tbey Deed. be COIIIiClencl ia dftip.

3. HYDROSTATIO AND lOlL .aBI8UU

1.1 In the cleIip or.tructurelor partI of structure. below ground level,
luch a. retainiDI wall. and other walls in buemeDt 8oon. the prellUre
exerted by soil or water or both .hall be duly accounted for on tile bal.
of established theories. Due allowanee .hall be made for possible Iurcharge
from Itationary or moving load.. When portion or whole
the lOil i.
below the free water .unace. the lateral earth preuure Ihall be evaluated
for weilht of soi1dimini.hed by buoyancy aDd cbe Cull hydrostatic preaure.

or

3.1.1 AU found.tioD Ilabs and other (ootiDI' lubjected to water pressure shall be deaigned to re.iat a uniformly diatributed up life equal to the
full hydrostatic pr_ure. Checking or overturning or foundation under
IUbmergecl condition shaD be done considering buoyant wei Ibt or
foundadoD.
3.2 While determining the lateral IOU preuure 011 column like structural
memben, Iuch u pinan which reat in a10piDl loila, the width of the
member shan be takeo u follow. ( I" Fig_ S ):

RoIio ofEI"'i,. Wid" 10

Ae" Wit/"
S-O
3-0 to 2-0
2-0

Aellull Wid" oj M"".

Leu than 0-5 m
Beyond O'5 m and up to 1 m
Beyond 1 m

The relieving pressure of loil in frollt of the Itructural member

coacerned may lenerally Dot be taken into account.

II 175 ( Put 5 ) 1117

-,2' TO 3b

~--l

FlO.

SKaTOR SHOWING

ErnOTlV& WIDTH 0' PtLLAR '0.

SoIL

Pa_oa.

CALCULATING

S.S Safe guarding or structures and Itructural meDlben against OYer-turD.

ing and horizontal sliding_hall be verified. Imposed loads having favoutable effect .hall be disregarded Cor the purpose. Due consideration halI
be given to the poIIibility 01 soil being permanently or temporarily
removed.
f. PATIGUE

4.1 0.,.--1 - Fatigue cracb are Ulually initiated at points or hlgh Itrell
concentration. Thae Itre.. concentratioDi may be caused by or uaociateel
with holes ( IUch .. bolt or rivet hola ill .tee! .tructurel ). welda Indudinl Itray or fOlion. iD Iteel structures. derecta in materiall, and local and
leDeral changea in geometry or memben. The eracb usually propogate
.f loading is contiDUOUI.

Where there il such loading cycles, sudden changel or shape or

member or part of a member, .pedally in ~ioDl of tenlile stre.. and/or
local secondary beading. shall be avoided. Suitable step ahall be takeD to
avoid critical vibrations due to wind and other cauel.
4.2 Where necessary. penniuible Itrelles shall be reduced to allow for the
efFects of fatigue. Allowance for r.tillle .ban be made for combinationl or
ItreDe. due to dead load and im~ecl load. Streues due to wiDd and
earthquakes may be ignored when '.tillle i. ~iDI considered unlell otherwise specified in the relevant coda or practice.

,.,175 ( ..... 5) .1117

Each element of the .tructure shall be designed for the number or
Itreu cycles of each magnitude to which it is estimated that the element
i. liable to be lubjected during the expected life of the Itructure. The
Dumber or cycles of each magDicude 'hall be ettimatecl in the light or
available data rCiardiDI the probable frequency of occurrence of each type
orloadinl.

rrom

New. - Apart
the IlDeral obtervatlODI made la.r.ID the code I. unable
to plOvide any ~lIe suiciDe. iD _timatiDs the probabllacic b.haviour and r.po...

or ItructUfti of"artou. type. arl.iDI

out of repetilive loadinl approachinl ratil ll 8

cODditloDl la .true'ural memben, jointl. ma'.riall, etc.

5. ITRUartJR.L IADTY DCRINO CONSTRUCTION

5.1 Allioacll required to be carried by the structures or any part of it
due to storage or posidoning of constructioD materials and erection equipment indudiug all load. due to operation of such equipment, shall be
coDiidered u ereeeien load Proper provision shall be made, including
temporary bracing. to take care of aU ,tresses due to erection loads. The
Itructure as a whole and all parts of structure in conjunction with the
temporary bracing. shall be capable of sUltaining these erection loads
without exceeding the permissible atrases specified in respective codes of
practice. Dead load, wind load and such parts of imposed load al would
be impolcd on the structure during the period of erection shall be takeD
as actlDI together with erectioD load.

I. ACClDBNTAL LOADS
1.1 Geaenl- The occurrence C'f accidentalloadl with ligoificant value,
iI unlikely on a given structure over the period or time under consideration,
aDd abo in most cases is of short duration. The occurrence or an accidental
load could in maDy cases be expected to cause severe cODlequencea unlea
special me.urea are taken:
The accidental low arilinl out

roDowiDB=
a) Impaetl and coUidons.

or

human action include the

b) Explosion., and

c) Fire.
-

Ohar.cleri.tic of the above Itated load. are that they are Dot COOlequeaee of normal use and that they are undesir~. and that eztenlive
effort. are made to avoid them. A. a fflult, the probability of occurrence
of all accidental load is small where.. the cooaequencel may be severe.
10

II,

~5 ('an5

)-1"

The caUiel or accidental loadIlQay be:

a) inadequate a.fety
equipment (clue to poor dailD or poor
mainteD&Dce); aDd
b) wroDloperation ( due to inlU8lcieDt teachiolor traiDiDI. iDdg.
poaitiOD, nelligeDce or unfavourable aterD.1 malmlt-Dca).
In mOlt caRl, accidental load. cmly develop' uDder a combiDatioD or
leveral uaCa"ourabJe occurrence. 10 Factical appticatioDl, it may be Deeaaary to neglect the mOlt unlikely loadL The probability of occurrence of
accidentalloadl which are neglected may difFer for difFerent conaequenca
of pouible failure. A data bue for a detaUed calculation of the pr0bability wW Icldom be available.

or

DIImIIi.,. Y.:::""'"

N L..4,- Types ud ma.Ditude of accideatal

loacla mould prertrably be
OD a riak a..a1YIII. Tbe .aalyshould cOIIIider all
facton iaBuem, the mapitude 01 the actioD, mclumBI _preali mur. rOI
accJcle.I.1 utuatioDI. GeD.ally, only tb. priDcipai load bearial.yatelD Died be
delll.eeI lor relevUlt ultimate limit Itat...

1.1 Impact8 _d CoDl.I...

G,,,,,. -

8.1.1
During an impact, the kiDctiC impact energy hal to be
ablOrbed by the vehicle hitting the structure and by the Itructure itlelf'.
In an accurate analysil, the probabiJity of occurrence of an impact with a
certain energy and the deformation characteristics of the object hittiDI
the structure and the structure itself at the actual place mUlt be conaidered, Impact energies for dropped objects should be based on the actual
loading capacity and lifting height.

Common lources of impact are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

vehicles;
dropped objects from amea, rork IiCu, etci
crane. out or control, crane failurel; and

fiying fragments.

The codal requirements regarding impact from vehicles aDd crana

are liyen in '.1.2 and tI.I.3.

81""',,,"
ElnIIIIIIs - In road trame,
shall be able
resist collision may be

1.1.2 CDllUiD'" B"w,,,, Y,hiel,.r "ntl

the requirement that a structure

k)

...umed to be fulfilled it it i. demonstrated tbat the IU'UCtural elemeot iI

able to stop a fictitious vehicle. u described in the fonowing_ It is auumeel that the vehicle strikes the structural element at height of 12 m in any
pouible directioD and at a speed of 10 mil ( 36 km/h ).

11

875 ( Part 5 ) 1.7

-I

The fictitious vehicle sball be considered to con,ist of two masses

and m. which during compresaion of the vehicle produce an impact
force increasing uniformly from zero, corresponding to the rigidities C1
and C.- It is auumed that the mass ml is breaked completely before the
braking of mass ilia begin
The following numerical values should be used:

ml =- 400 kg, C1 - 10000 kN per m the vehicle is compressed.

m. - 12 noo kg, C. - 300 kN per m the vehicle i. compressed.

or

NO'O - The described fictitiou. colliaion correspoDd. in the cue a DOD-ela,tic

structural element to maximum Itatlc Corce of 630 kN for the mas. ml and 600 kN
Cor the mall m. irrelpectiv8 orthe elasticity. It will. therefore, be 08 tbe sare aide to
aaume tbe laatic Coree to be 630 kN.

In addition. braking of the mass

"'1 will result in

an impact wave,
the effect of which will depend to a great extent on the kind of structural
element concerned. Consequently J it will not always be sufficient to design
for the Itatic force.
6.1.3 Sajity Rtliling, - With regard to safety railings put up to protect
structures against coUi.ioD due to road traffic) it should be shown that the
railings are able to resist on impact as described in 6.1.2.
No". - Whea a vehicle collide. with safety railings. the kinetic eDellY or the

.ehic!e will l)e absorbed ill part by the deformation of the railing. and, in part by
the Cl.formation of the vehicle. The part of the kinetic eoerSy which the rUlinp
.houle! be able to ablOrb without brl'akiDI down may be determiDed OD the buia or
the . .\lmed rilidity
the vehicle durinl tbe comprealioD.

or

6.1.4 Craft' Imp"" Load 011 Buff', Stop - The basic horizontal load Py
( tonnes ) t acting along the crane track produced by impact of the crane
on the bufFer stop. is calculated by the following formula:

P, - M Y.,F
where
V -

speed at which the crane is travelling at the moment of

impact ( assumed equal to half the nominal value) (mil);
F =- maximum shortening of the buffer, assumed equal to 01
m for light duty, medium-duty and heavy-duty cranes with
ftexible load au_pension and loading capacity not exceeding 50 t, and 02 m in every other cranes; and
M - the reduced crane mall (t.s'/m); and is obtained by the
formula:

!.[~+
(Pt + kQJ ~-=!g 2
Lk ]
12

II 175 ( Part 5 ) 1.7

where
, P, p. k-

acceleration due to gravity ( 981 mI. )j

crane bridge weight (t)j
crab weight (t)j
a coeflicient. auwned equal to zero for cranes with flexible
load suspension and equal to one for eranea with riSid
suspension;
Q == crane loading capacity (t)i
L~ - crane span (m}i and
I .. nearne.. of crab (m).

8.2 apl0.lo. .
6.2.1 G'II,rtll -- ExplosioDi may caule impulsive loading on a structure.
The following types of explosions Ire particularly relevant:
a) Internal gas explosions which may be caused by leakage of gu
piping ( including pipiDg outlide the room). evaporation from
volatile liquids or unintentional evaporation from surface material (for example. fire ) i
b) Internal dust explosions;
c) BojJ~, railure;
d) Ex.temalgu doud explosion.; and

e) External explosions of high-explosivel (TNT. dynamite ).

The codal requirement regarding internal gu rxp)olioDI is given
in 1.2.2.

1.2.2 EJlplosiD. EJ/ie" i" C10l,tl Rooml -- Gu esplOlion may be caused,

for example, by leakl in gas pipes ( inclusive of pipes outside the room ),
evaporation from volatile liquids or unintentional evaporation of SU from
wall sheathings ( for example, caused by fire ).
.

0.

No-n I - The .fFect or .xpIOlio. deDeDdl

the apladiDK medium. tb.
cODc.ntratioD or tbe explc.ioD, the Ihape or tb. room, JM*ibiliti.. of ventilatloB 01
the expJolioa, and the ductility aDd dynamic properti. or the Itr1lcture. 18 room.
with little pasaibility for reller or tb. prnaure Irom the aplOlioD, very lUi- pr.IUrei may occur.
IDt.rnal overprellure from aD inte....' I_ nplOliDD ia room. 01 .izel comparable to rnidfDtial roollll aDd with v.alil.lion are.. eonliitiDI or WiDdow I'"
bftakiDI at a pre..ur. or C kN/ml ( 3-4 mm machi.. mad. II. . ) lDay be calculated
from the rollowiDllDetbod:
a) The overprellUr. i. . .umed 10 depeDd oa factor ~IV. wh.re A I. tb. total
window .rea III ml , V it tbe volume ia ID' 01 tb. room cODlid.recI.

13

 ,175 (Put 5 ) 1117

b) The iDte...al pn.ur. I. auumed to act almultaneoUII, upoa all 11. aDd
loon ia oae clOied roolD.
c) Tbe aetioD f. may be take. U Itatic actioa.
Ir accouat I. talE.. or &b. ti..e cune or actloD. tbe folio-IIII ( Pil_ 4) Icbematic
carrtlpoadeacl Hew... preaure aDd time I. "UlBed, wbere ,_ I, tb. tim~ from the
Itart 01 combultloD UDtll muilDum preMUre it reacbed, .ad II iI lb. rime from
madlDulD prlllUr. to thacI 01 cODlbu.tioD. Por '. and 'It lb. mOlt UDCavourable
.aluel I.ulel be cbGMII i. nlacloD to the dy..amlc propert_ or the Itructurel.
HoweY., tb. valuebould be cbOiea wllbia th. latervall IlYea iD Pil. 5.

.1

H0ftI2 - PI~ f iI bu.d 011 tedl with PI .XpJOIJOIII bJ room COITrIJ'.ODdJll1

to ordlDary relideDtl.' flatl and Ibould, tberefore, Dot be applied to cODliderably
dUFereat CODditiODI. The Ipre corrspoDdI to .. explOlioD e....d by towa ~ aDd
it mllbl therefore, be lomewba' 08 the .r Id. ia room. where there iI oDly the
poIIibilit, or I ' " with. low... rate 01combUitioa.

n.

pr8IIUN lDay he applied IOlel, ia ODe room or ID more IOOmi at the _me
d III tbe latter ~Me. all room. an lacorporated ID tb. volulII. V. ODly wiDdowa
or other limllarl, weak . . Ii,bt wei,bt Itructural .Iemea', may be takeD to be
.eatilatioD .......... tbroUlb certalD limited .tructural partI br.k at preaurel Jell
aU. f

Plpre 4 Ia tina purely u Iuide and probability or occurreDce or aD .xplO1iOD

Ihoald be checked ia cb cue uliDS appropriate y.luel.

1.3.1 CA"rtl&lIri,'ie Val"" ..... As regards buildinp in which the individual Roon are acted upon by a total characteristic imposed action of up
to 5-0 kN/ml vertical actions on air raid shelters generally loca1ed below
IfOWld level, for example, buement. etc. mould be conaidercd to have
the following characteristic values:
a) Buildings with up to 2 storeys
b) Buildings with 3 to 4 storey.
c) BuildiDp with more than 4 storeys
d) BuildiDp of particularly stable construction
irrelpective or the number of Itoreya

28 kN/ml
34 kN/ml

41 kN/ml
28 kN/ml

In the cue of buildinp with ftooR that are acted upon by a characteriltic imposed action larger than 5-0 IIN/ml , the above valurl should be
increased by the difFerence between the avuage imposed action on all
.toreys above the one concerned and 5-0 kN/ml
No.,. 1 - By dorey. it II uDdentoocl, every utilibltorey above the Ihelter.
No.,. 2 - By buildiDl1 or. particular liable CODltructioD it i. underatoocl, build..
I..~. in wbich the loacl-beariDIltructu,.. ar. made from reinforced iII-,il. CODere'e,

14

IS I 175 ( 'an 5 ) 191'1

90
80

70

"-

ii

"- .....

~
""lI

10

:"lll

20

10

'ao."

1 1

SCITOB SHOWIRO Ra4TloN

A ..,
Vm

B!J.WUN P.EIIO

AND

TIII&

q,
tkN/m 2)
Cl

01.<t, < 'Os

10,<ft < 10s

I t,......--t
I _
I
...
l -...

TIME (.1

FIO.5 SIt&TCH SHOWING Tlua INnaVAL AND PIlUlUU

'.t 1'....
1.4.1 Gmml - Poaible extraordinary loads during a fire may be
coDlidered .. accidental actions. Ezamplet are loads from people aloDI
aca~ routa and loada on another atructure from Itrueture failiDI becauae
of .. fire.

8.2 711.... F,ffd Duri Fin - The thermal eft'ect durinl fire may
be determined &om ODe 01 the tollowiDl methods:
a) Tiloe-temperature curve and the required fire rautaDce
( miDutea ). or
b) EaefIY baIaDce method.
If the thermal "eet durinl fire i. determined from energy balance
method, the fire load i, taken to be:
q - 121,
15

tl I 115 ( 'an 5 ) 1"

where
fJ =-

tb

==

fire action ( KJ per m l floor ), and

required fire resistance (minutes) (

SI'

IS : 16421960 ).

or

NOTB - The fire actioD is defined a. the total quantity

heat produced by
complete combustron or all combustible material in the fire compartment, iDclulive
of stored goods and equspmeae tOleth.r wiah buildiDI structurea and building
materials.

7. OTHER LOADS
7.1 Other loads not included in the present code such as special loads
due to technical procels, moisture and shrinkage effects, etc, should be
taken into account where stipulated by building design codes or established
in accordance with the performance requirement of the structure.
8. LOAD COMBINATIONS
8.0 Geller.1 - A judicious combination of the loads ( specified in Partl 1
to 4 of this standard and earthquake ). keeping in view the probability of:
.

a) their acting together, and

b) their disposition in relation to other loads and severity of Itresaes
or deformations caused by combinations of the various loads is
necessary to ensure the required safety and economy in the design
of a structure.

8.1 Load COlDblaatio -- Keeping the aspect specified in 8.0. the various loads should, therefore, be combined in accordance with the stipulations
in the relevant design codes. In the absence of such recommendations,
the following loading combinations, whichever combination produce. the
most unfavourable effect in the building. foundation or structural member
concerned may be adopted ( as a general guidance). It should also be
recognized in load combinations that the simuitaneoul occurrence of maximum values wind, earthquake. imposed and snow loads is not likely.

or

a) DL
b) DL+IL
c) DL+WL

d) DL+EL
e) DL+TL
f) DL+IL+WL
g) DL+IL+EL
.Code of practice Cor ..rety of buildiap (Ieaeral): Ma&erials aDd detail. of
construction.

16

II. 875 ( Part 5 ) 198'

h) DL.... IL+TL
DL+WL+TL
k) DL+EL+TL
m) DL+IL+WL+TL
n) DL+IL+EL+TL
(DL == dead load, 1L - imposed load, Jf'L - wind load,
EL - earthquake load, TL - temperature load ).

NOTBI- When snow load is present on roofs, replace imposed load by .now
load for the purpose of above load cunlbination
NOTa 2 - Tbe relevant design codhan be followed tor permiuible .tre.a
when the structure i. de.igned by working Itreu method aDd for partial safety facton
wht"n tbe structure i. deailned by limit state deeign metbod for eacb of tbe above
load combinations.
NOD 3 - Whenever impoted load (IL) it combined witb earthquake load (EL),
tbe appropriate part of imposed load u .~iaed in IS: 1893-1984bould be usea
both for evaluatin, .arthquak. effect and for combined load effects used in .uch
combination.
NOTJI4 - For tbe purpose of .tability of the strucrure u. wbol. againlt overtumiol. the restorinl moment Ihall be not Ie thaa .2 times the maximum over
turninlr moment due to dead load plUi 1'4 tim.. the maximum overlurninl mument
dll. to imposed load In cases where dead load provides tbe resloring moment, only
(\'9 times the dead load shan b. cODlidered. Tbe r torin.r momenls Clue to imposf'd
Inndl ,hall be ipored.
NOTa 5 - The .tructur. mall have a ractor against sliding of not 18s than , ....
under the most advene combination of the applied loam/CorCel. In this cue, only 0'9
time. the dead load shall b. taken into account.
NOTII: 6 - Where tbe bear in, preasure on soil due to wind alone is leu than 25
prrcent ofrhat due to d.ad lo.d and Imposed load, it may be nell~cted in deli,R.
Wbere this exceeds 25 percent foundation may b. 10 pro~tioned tbat the pressure
due to combined efFesct ofdead load, imposed load and wind load does not exceed
the allowabl. beariDI pr.....r. by more than 25 perceat. Wh,.n earthquake efFect is
included. the permiaibl.. incre
it allowable bearing preaure in tbe IOU shall be in
accordanc. with IS : 1893198
Reduced imposed load (1) .pecified iii- Part 2 ohhi,ltand.ed for tbe desip or
lupportin,ltructures Ihould not be applied ia combination with earthquak. foreet.
NOT. 7 - Orb..f loacb and accidental load combinatioDi not included sbould be
dealt with appropriately.
Noora 8 - Crane load combinations at. covered UDder Put 2 of thit ItaDdard
(", fi.4 of Part 2 or .thia ,taDdard ).

17

18 I 875 ( Part , ) 1987

( C."tinu,d from I'd" 2 )

Panel on Loads ( Other than Wind Loads ), BOC 37 : P3

",,,,,.,i,,,

CD"WII"

T. N. SUBaA RAO
DB S. V. LOIIEAB ( ~I"'II."
M,mb",
SSRI R. R. KULKARNI
S.al M. L. MEaT.
SHBI

AI,,,,,.,, )

S. .I s. K. DATT~ (
SI T. V. S. R. A,. R~o

SRRI NAG.IB R. IYl:a (

8.81 C. N. SAJMIVAIAlf
SU.XRJIITSJlDllCG ElCQIN a

GammoD India Limited. Bombay

M. N. ntur ~ Co Ltd, Calcutta

MetalJurlical & Enlmeerial CODiullant. ( India)
Ltd, aancbi

Structural EoaiaeeriDI Research CeDtre. CSIR

Campus, Madra

AI",,",,, )

C. R. Narayana aao, Madra

CeDlr.1 Publjc Work. Department (CeDtral
D.Ilgol Orlut.atioD ). New Delhi
EXBCl1'1'IV. EKO]N.~B ( D ) VII ( AI'"uI, )
D. H. C. VIIVJ:SVARAYA
National Council for CemeDt aDd Buildinl
Material New Deihl

( D)

18

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Telephanee: 3230131,323 3375, sa 9402

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o:..T.

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8329295

MUMBAI 400083

S,ench OttIce.:
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Peenya Indultrill Area, 1It Stage, Bangalor.Tumkur RaId,
BANGAlORE 580058
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CALCUTTA 700072
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5501348
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