Timeline of Christianity

This article is about the timeline of Christianity beginning with Jesus. For the timeline of the Bible, see
Biblical chronology. For the history of Christianity, see
History of Christianity. For the timeline of the Roman
Catholic Church, see Timeline of the Roman Catholic
Church.

a Nazirite (Luke 1:15), baptized Jesus (Mark 1:4

11), later arrested and beheaded by Herod Antipas (Luke 3:1920), its possible that, according to
Josephus' chronology, John was not killed until 36
(JA18.5.2)[4]
Jesus begins his ministry after his baptism by John
and during the rule of Pilate, preaching: Repent, for
the kingdom of heaven is near (Matthew 4:1217).
While the historicity of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by some critical scholars and
non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry: Temptation, Sermon
on the Mount, Appointment of the Twelve, Miracles,
Temple Money Changers, Last Supper, Arrest, Trial,
Passion, Crucixion on Nisan 14th (John 19:14,Mark
14:2, Gospel of Peter) or Nisan 15th (Synoptic Gospels),
entombment by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus,
Resurrection by God and Resurrection appearances of Jesus to Mary Magdalene and other women (Mark 16:9,
John 20:1018), Simon Peter (Luke 24:34), and others,
(1Cor.15:39), Great Commission, Ascension, Second
Coming Prophecy to fulll the rest of Messianic prophecy
such as the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment, and establishment of the Kingdom of God and the
Messianic Age.

The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current
era (AD) to the present. Question marks on dates indicate approximate dates.
Main article: Chronology of Jesus
The year one is the rst year in the Christian calendar
(there is no year zero), which is the calendar presently
used (in unison with the Gregorian calendar) almost everywhere in the world. Traditionally, this was held to be
the year Jesus was born; however, most modern scholars
argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon
being between 6 BC and 4 BC.
6 Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria,
Judea and Idumea annexed as Iudaea Province under
direct Roman administration,[1] capital at Caesarea,
Quirinius became Legate (Governor) of Syria, conducted Census of Quirinius, opposed by Zealots
(JA18, Luke 2:13, Acts 5:37)

1 Apostolic Age

7-26 Brief period of peace, relatively free of revolt

and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee[2]
Main article: Apostolic Age
9 Pharisee leader Hillel the Elder dies, temporary
Shortly after the death of Jesus (Nisan 14 or 15),
rise of Shammai
the Jerusalem church is founded as the rst Christian
14-37 Tiberius, Roman Emperor
church with about 120 Jews and Jewish Proselytes (Acts
1:15), followed by Pentecost (Sivan 6), the Ananias and
18-36 Caiaphas, appointed High Priest of Herods Sapphira incident, Pharisee Gamaliel's defense of the
Temple by Prefect Valerius Gratus, deposed by Syr- Apostles (5:34-39), the stoning of Saint Stephen (see also
ian Legate Lucius Vitellius
Persecution of Christians) and the subsequent dispersion
19 Jews, Jewish Proselytes, Astrologers, expelled of the Apostles (7:54-8:8, also Mark 16:20) which leads
to the baptism of Simon Magus in Samaria (8:9-24), and
from Rome[3]
also an Ethiopian eunuch (8:26-40). Pauls "Road to
26-36 Pontius Pilate, Prefect (governor) of Iudaea, Damascus" conversion to Apostle to the Gentiles is rst
recalled to Rome by Syrian Legate Vitellius on com- recorded in 9:13-16, cf. Gal 1:11-24. Peter baptizes the
Roman Centurion Cornelius, who is traditionally considplaints of excess violence (JA18.4.2)
ered the rst Gentile convert to Christianity (10). The
28 or 29 John the Baptist begins his ministry in Antioch church is founded, it was there that the term
the 15th year of Tiberius (Luke 3:12), say- Christian was rst used (11:26).
ing: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near
(Matthew 3:12), a relative of Jesus (Luke 1:36),
37-41 Crisis under Caligula, proposed as the rst
1

1
open break between Rome and the Jews[5]
before 44 Epistle of James if written by James the
Great
44? Saint James the Great: According to ancient
local tradition, on 2 January of the year AD 40, the
Virgin Mary appeared to James on a pillar on the
bank of the Ebro River at Caesaraugusta, while he
was preaching the Gospel in Spain. Following that
vision, St James returned to Judea, where he was
beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in the year 44
during a Passover (Nisan 15) (Acts 12:1-3).

APOSTOLIC AGE

52, November 21 St. Thomas the Apostle lands in

India.[11][12] Establishes churches at Kodungalloor,
Palayoor, Paraur, Kottakkav, Kokkamangalam,
Nilakkal, Niranam and Kollam
53-57? Pauls 3rd mission, (Acts 18:23-22:30),
to Galatia, Phrygia, Corinth, Ephesus, Macedonia,
Greece, and Jerusalem where James the Just challenges him about rumor of teaching antinomianism
(21:21); he addresses a crowd in their language
(most likely Aramaic), Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2
Corinthians, Philippians written? Map3

44 Death of Herod Agrippa I (JA19.8.2, Acts 12:2023)

55? "Egyptian prophet" (allusion to Moses) and

30,000 unarmed Jews doing The Exodus reenactment massacred by Procurator Antonius Felix
(JW2.13.5, JA20.8.6, Acts 21:38)

44-46? Theudas beheaded by Procurator Cuspius

Fadus for saying he would part the Jordan river (like
Moses and the Red Sea or Joshua and the Jordan)
(JA20.5.1, Acts 5:36-37 places it before the Census
of Quirinius)

58? Paul arrested, accused of being a revolutionary,

ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes", teaching
resurrection of the dead, imprisoned in Caesarea
(Acts 23-26)

45-49? Mission of Barnabas and Paul, (Acts

13:1-14:28), to Cyprus, Pisidian Antioch, Iconium,
Lystra and Derbe (there they were called gods ... in
human form), then return to Syrian Antioch. Map1
47 The Church of the East is created by Saint
Thomas
48-100 Herod Agrippa II appointed King of the
Jews by Claudius, seventh and last of the Herodians
49 Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at
the instigation of Chrestus,[6] he [Claudius] expelled
them from Rome. (referenced in Acts 18:2)[7]
50 Passover riot in Jerusalem, 20-30,000 killed
(JA20.5.3,JW2.12.1)
50? Council of Jerusalem and the Apostolic Decree, Acts 15:1-35, same as Galatians 2:1-10?,
which is followed by the Incident at Antioch[8] at
which Paul publicly accuses Peter of "Judaizing"
(2:11-21), see also Circumcision controversy in
early Christianity
50-53? Pauls 2nd mission, (Acts 15:36-18:22),
split with Barnabas, to Phrygia, Galatia, Macedonia, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth,
he had his hair cut o at Cenchrea because of a vow
he had taken, then return to Antioch; 1 Thessalonians, Galatians written? Map2. Lydia of Thyatira, a
seller of purple, becomes the rst European Christian convert[9] (Acts 16:11-15)
51-52 or 52-53 Proconsulship of Gallio according
to an inscription, only xed date in chronology of
Paul[10]

59? Paul shipwrecked on Malta, there he is called a

god (Acts 28:6)
60? Paul in Rome: greeted by many brothers,
three days later calls together the Jewish leaders,
who hadn't received any word from Judea about him,
but were curious about this sect, which everywhere is spoken against; he tries to convince them
from the "law and prophets", with partial success
said the Gentiles would listen, and spends two years
proclaiming the Kingdom of God and teaching the
Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 28:15-31); Epistle to Philemon written?
60-64? early date for writing of 1 Peter (Peter as
author)
before 62 Epistle of James if written by James the
Just
62 James the Just stoned to death for law transgression by High Priest Ananus ben Artanus, popular
opinion against act results in Ananus being deposed
by new procurator Lucceius Albinus (JA20.9.1)
63-107? Simeon, 2nd Bishop of Jerusalem, crucied under Trajan
64-68 after July 18 Great Fire of Rome,
Nero blames and persecutes the Christians (or
Chrestians[13] ), possibly the earliest mention of
Christians, by that name, in Rome, see also Tacitus
on Jesus, Paul beheaded? (Col 1:24,Eph 3:13,2 Tim
4:6-8,1Clem 5:5-7), Peter crucied upside-down?
(Jn 21:18,1 Pet 5:13,Tertullians Prescription
Against Heretics chapter XXXVI,Eusebius Church
History Book III chapter I), "...a vast multitude,
were convicted, not so much of the crime of
incendiarism as of hatred of the human race. And

3
in their deaths they were made the subjects of sport;
for they were wrapped in the hides of wild beasts
and torn to pieces by dogs, or nailed to crosses, or
set on re, and when day declined, were burned
to serve for nocturnal lights. (Annals (Tacitus)
XV.44)
64/67(?)76/79(?) Pope Linus succeeds Peter as
Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome)
64 Epistle to the Hebrews written
65? Q document, a hypothetical Greek text thought
by many critical scholars to have been used in writing of Matthew and Luke
66-73 Great Jewish Revolt:
destruction of
Herods Temple and end of Judaism according to
Supersessionism, Qumran community (site of Dead
Sea Scrolls found in 1947)destroyed
70(+/10)? Gospel of Mark, written in Rome, by
Peters interpreter (1 Peter 5:13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c. 400, see Mark 16
70? Signs Gospel written, hypothetical Greek text
used in Gospel of John to prove Jesus is the Messiah
70-100? Additional Pauline Epistles
70-200? Gospel of Thomas, Jewish Christian
Gospels: Gospel of the Ebionites, Gospel of the Hebrews, Gospel of the Nazarenes
72, July 3 Martyrdom of St. Thomas the Apostle at
Chinnamala, Mylapore, Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
76/79(?)88 Pope Anacletus: rst Greek Pope,
who succeeds Linus as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop
of Rome)
80(+/20) Didache written
80(+/20)? Gospel of Matthew, based on Mark
and Q, most popular in Early Christianity
80(+/20)? Gospel of Luke, based on Mark and Q,
also Acts of the Apostles by same author
80(+/20)? Pastoral Epistles written (possible
post-Pauline authorship)
88-101? Clement, fourth Bishop of Rome: wrote
Letter of the Romans to the Corinthians (Apostolic
Fathers)
90? Council of Jamnia of Judaism (disputed),
Domitian applies the Fiscus Judaicus tax even to
those who merely lived like Jews[14]
90(+/10)? late date for writing of 1 Peter (associate of Peter as author)

94 Testimonium Flavianum, disputed section of

Jewish Antiquities by Josephus in Aramaic, translated to Koine Greek
95(+/30)? Gospel of John and Epistles of John
95(+/10)? Book of Revelation written, by John
(son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his
96 Nerva modies the Fiscus Judaicus, from then on,
practising Jews pay the tax, Christians do not[15]
98-117? Ignatius, third Bishop of Antioch, fed to
the lions in the Roman Colosseum, advocated the
Bishop (Eph 6:1, Mag 2:1,6:1,7:1,13:2, Tr 3:1, Smy
8:1,9:1), rejected Sabbath on Saturday in favor of
The Lords Day (Sunday). (Mag 9.1), rejected
Judaizing (Mag 10.3), rst recorded use of the term
catholic (Smy 8:2).
100(+/30)? Epistle of Barnabas (Apostolic Fathers)
100(+/25)? Epistle of James if written by author
other than James the Just or James the Great
100(+/10)? Epistle of Jude written, probably by
doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by
some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal Book of Enoch (v14)

2 Ante-Nicene Period
Main article: Ante-Nicene Period
100-150? Apocryphon of James, Gospel of Mary
Magdalene, Gospel of James, Infancy Gospel of
Thomas, Secret Gospel of Mark (Complete Gospels,
published by Jesus Seminar)
110-130? Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, writes Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord, lost, widely
quoted (Apostolic Fathers)
110-160? Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, Letter to the
Philippians, (Apostolic Fathers)
120?
Rabbi Tarfon advocates burning the
Gospels[16]
125(+/5)? 2 Peter written, widely accepted into
canon by the early 4th century
125? Rylands Library Papyrus P52, oldest extant
NT fragment, p. 1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38
130-250? Christian Apologists writings against
Roman religion: Justin Martyr, Athenagoras,
Apology of Aristides, Theophilus of Antioch,
Tatian, Quadratus, Melito of Sardis, Apollinaris
Claudius, Marcus Minucius Felix, Arnobius, Epistle
to Diognetus

2
132-135 Bar Kokhbas revolt: nal Jewish revolt,
Judea and Jerusalem erased from maps, region renamed Syria Palstina (the term Palestine was originally coined by Herodotus), Jerusalem renamed
Aelia Capitolina
142-144? Marcion of Sinope: bishop according to
Catholic Encyclopedia, goes to Rome, possibly to
buy the bishopric of Rome, upon rejection forms his
own church in Rome, later called Marcionism, rejected Old Testament, decreed canon of one Gospel,
one Apostolicon (10 Letters of Paul) and one Antithesis[17] which contrasted the Old Testament with the
New Testament, cited Western text-type, see also
Expounding of the Law#Antithesis of the Law
150? Western Revisor adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce Western version which is 10%
larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and Codex
Bezae (D)
150? Valentinius (most famous Christian Gnostic,
according to Tertullian) narrowly loses election for
Bishop of Rome

ANTE-NICENE PERIOD

188-231 Saint Demetrius: bishop of Alexandria,

condemned Origen
189-198 Pope Victor I: 1st Latin Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches that continued to observe
Easter on Nisan 14 Quartodeciman
196? Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus (Ante-Nicene
Fathers)
199-217? Caius,[19][20] presbyter of Rome, wrote
Dialogue against Proclus in Ante-Nicene Fathers,
rejected Revelation, said to be by Gnostic Cerinthus,
see also Alogi
200? Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, Alexandrian
text-type; Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956,
Alexandrian/Western text-types; Papyrus 75:
Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke,
~Vaticanus; 200? Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library:
Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8; Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;
5:20-22,25-28; 26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33
200? Sextus Julius Africanus

150-200? Other Gospels: Unknown Berlin Gospel,

Gospel of Peter, Oxyrhynchus Gospels, Dialogue of
the Saviour

200? Antipope Natalius,[21] rival bishop of Rome,

according to Eusebius's EH5.28.8-12, quoting the
Little Labyrinth of Hippolytus, after being "scourged
all night by the holy angels, covered in ash, dressed
in sackcloth, and after some diculty, tearfully
submitted to Pope Zephyrinus

155? Montanus claims to be the Paraclete (Counselor) of John 14:16

217-236 Antipope Hippolytus, Logos sect? Later

dispute settled and considered martyr, Roman canon

160? Martyrdom of Polycarp (Apostolic Fathers)

218-258 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, cited Western NT text-type, claimed Christians were freely
forging his letters to discredit him (Ante-Nicene Fathers)

150(+/10)? Shepherd of Hermas, written in

Rome (Apostolic Fathers)

170? Dionysius, bishop of Corinth[18] claimed

Christians were changing and faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels
(Eusebius EH 4 c.23 v.12;Ante-Nicene Fathers,v.8)
170? Tatian produces "Diatessaron" (Harmony) by
blending 4 Western text-type Gospels into 1
170? Symmachus the Ebionite writes new Greek
translation of Hebrew Bible
177 Persecution in Lyon, martyrdom of Blandina
180? Hegesippus
180-202? Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon: combated
heresies, cited Western Gospel text-type (AnteNicene Fathers); second Primate of the Gauls
185-350? Muratorian fragment, 1st extant canon for
New Testament after Marcion?, written in Rome by
Hippolytus?, excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3
John; includes Wisdom of Solomon, Apocalypse of
Peter
186? Saint Apollonius: used the term catholic in
reference to 1 John

220? Clement of Alexandria, cited Alexandrian

NT text-type & Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of
the Egyptians; wrote Exhortations to the Greeks";
Rich Mans Salutation"; To the Newly Baptized";
(Ante-Nicene Fathers)
220?340? Codex Tchacos, manuscript containing
a copy of the Gospel of Judas, is written
223? Tertullian: sometimes called father of
the Latin Church, because he coined trinitas,
tres Personae, una Substantia, Vetus Testamentum,
Novum Testamentum, convert to Montanism, cited
Western Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
225?
Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty Papyri, Gospels (Caesarean text-type, mixed), Acts
(Alexandrian text-type)
235-238 Maximinus Thrax: emperor of Rome, ends
Christian schism in Rome by deporting Pope Pontian and Antipope Hippolytus to Sardinia, where
they soon die

5
248-264 Dionysius, Patriarch of Alexandria see also
List of Patriarchs of Alexandria

303-312 Diocletians Massacre of Christians, includes burning of scriptures (EH 8.2)

250? Apostolic Constitutions, Liturgy of St James,

Old Roman Symbol, Clementine literature

303 Saint George, patron saint of Georgia, England

and other states

250? Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry

Tyrius, Commodianus (Ante-Nicene Fathers)

304? Victorinus, bishop of Pettau

250? Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959,

Alexandrian text-type: Nativity of Mary; 3Cor;
Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melitos Homily
on Passover; Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas;
Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18
250? Origen, Jesus and God one substance, adopted
at First Council of Nicaea in 325, compiled Hexapla;
cites Alexandrian, Caesarean text-type; Eusebius
claimed Origen castrated himself for Christ due to
Mt19:12 (EH6.8.1-3)
251-424? Synods of Carthage
251-258 Antipope Novatian decreed no forgiveness
for sins after baptism (An antipope was an individual
whose claim to the papacy was either rejected by the
Church at the time or later recognized as invalid.)[22]
254-257 Pope Stephen I: major schism over rebaptizing heretics and apostates
258 "Valerian's Massacre": Roman emperor issues
edict to execute immediately all Christian Bishops,
Presbyters, and Deacons, including Pope Sixtus II,
Antipope Novatian, Cyprian of Carthage (CE: Valerian, Schas History Vol 2 Chap 2 22)
264-269 Synods of Antioch: condemned Paul
of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, founder of
Adoptionism (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit
descended at his baptism), also condemned term
homoousios adopted at Nicaea

304? Pope Marcellinus, having repented from his

previous defection, suers martyrdom with several
companions
306 Synod of Elvira prohibits relations between
Christians and Jews
310 Maxentius deports Pope Eusebius and
Heraclius[23][24] to Sicily (relapse controversy)
312 Lucian of Antioch, founder of School of Antioch, martyred
312 Vision of Constantine: while gazing into the sun
he sees a cross with the words by this sign conquer,
see also Labarum, he was later called the 13th Apostle and Equal-to-apostles
313 Edict of Milan: Constantine and Licinius end
persecution, establish toleration of Christianity
313? Lateran Palace given to Pope Miltiades for residence by Constantine
313?
Traditional date for founding of the
Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre
314 King Urnayr of Caucasian Albania adopts
Christianity as ocial religion
314 Catholic Council of Arles,[25] called by Constantine against Donatist schism to conrm the
Council of Rome in 313

265 Gregory Thaumaturgus (Ante-Nicene Fathers)

314-340? Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, church

historian, cited Caesarean text-type, wrote
Ecclesiastical History in 325[26]

270? Anthony begins monastic movement

317? Lactantius

275? Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus,

Rev9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2

321 Constantine decrees Sunday as state day of

rest (CJ3.12.2), see also Sol Invictus

276 Mani (prophet), crucied, founder of the dualistic Manichaean sect in Persia
282-300? Theonas, bishop of Alexandria (AnteNicene Fathers)

3 First Seven Ecumenical Councils

Main article: First seven Ecumenical Councils

290-345? St Pachomius, founder of Christian
monasticism
Constantine called the First Council of Nicaea in 325
296-304 Pope Marcellinus, oered pagan sacrices to unify Christology, also called the rst great Chrisfor Diocletian, later repented. Name in Martyrology tian council by Jerome, the rst ecumenical, decreed the
Original Nicene Creed, but rejected by Nontrinitarians
of Bede
such as Arius, Theonas, Secundus of Ptolemais, Eusebius
301 - Armenia is the rst kingdom in history to of Nicomedia, and Theognis of Nicaea who were
adopt Christianity as state religion
excommunicated, also addressed Easter controversy and

3 FIRST SEVEN ECUMENICAL COUNCILS

passed 20 Canon laws such as Canon VII which granted

special recognition to Jerusalem.

357 Council of Sirmium issues so-called Blasphemy

of Sirmium or Seventh Arian Confession,[29] called
high point of Arianism

325, 20 May- 19 June: The First Council of Nicaea

359 Council of Rimini, Dated Creed (Acacians);

Pope Liberius rejects Arian creed of council

325 The Kingdom of Aksum (Modern Ethiopia and

Eritrea) declares Christianity as the ocial state religion, becoming the 2nd country to do so
325 Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, ordered
built by Constantine
326, November 18 Pope Sylvester I consecrates the
Basilica of St. Peter built by Constantine the Great
over the tomb of the Apostle
328-373 Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, rst cite
of modern 27 book New Testament canon
330 Old Church of the Holy Apostles, dedicated by
Constantine
330, May 11: Constantinople solemly inaugurated.
Constantine moves the capital of the Roman Empire
to Byzantium, renaming it New Rome
331 Constantine commissions Eusebius to deliver 50
Bibles for the Church of Constantinople[27]
335 Council in Jerusalem reverses Nicaeas condemnation of Arius, consecrates Jerusalem Church
of the Holy Sepulchre
337? Mirian III of Iberia (present-day Georgia)
adopts Christianity.[28]
337, May 22: Constantine the Great dies (baptized
shortly prior to his death)
341-379 Shapur II's persecution of Persian Christians

360 Julian the Apostate becomes the last nonChristian Roman Emperor
363-364 Council of Laodicea: Canon 29 decreed
anathema for Christians who rest on the Sabbath,
disputed Canon 60 named 26 NT books (excluded
Revelation)
366-367 Antipope Ursicinus, rival to Pope Damasus
I
367-403 Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis, wrote Panarion against heresies
370-379 Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea
370? Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17
book NT canon using Diatessaron (instead of the
4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3
Corinthians) Syriac Orthodox Church
370 (d. ca.) Optatus of Milevis, who in his conict with the sectarian Donatists stressed unity and
catholicity as marks of the Church over and above
holiness, and also that the sacraments derived their
validity from God, not from the priest
372-394 Gregory, Bishop Of Nyssa
373 Ephrem the Syrian, cited Western Acts
374-397 Ambrose, governor of Milan until 374,
then made Bishop of Milan
375-395 Ausonius, Christian governor of Gaul

343? Catholic Council of Sardica, canons conrmed by Pope Julius

379-381 Gregory Nazianzus, Bishop of Constantinople

350? Julius Firmicus Maternus

380, February 27: Emperor Theodosius I issues the

Edict of Thessalonica, declaring Nicene Christianity
as the state church of the Roman Empire[30]

350? Codex Sinaiticus(), Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209(B): earliest Christian Bibles, Alexandrian
text-type
350? Ullas, Arian, apostle to the Goths, translates
Greek NT to Gothic
350? Comma Johanneum 1Jn5:7b-8a(KJV)
350? Atius, Arian, Syntagmation": God is agennetos (unbegotten)", founder of Anomoeanism
350? School of Nisibis founded
353-367 Hilary, bishop of Poitiers
355-365 Antipope Felix II, Arian, supported by
Constantius II, consecrated by Acacius of Caesarea

380, November 24: Emperor Theodosius I is baptised

381 First Council of Constantinople, 2nd
ecumenical: Jesus had true human soul, Nicene
Creed of 381
382 Catholic Council of Rome under Pope Damasus
I sets the Biblical Canon, listing the inspired books
of the Old Testament and the New Testament (disputed)
383? Frumentius, Apostle of Ethiopia
385 Priscillian, rst heretic to be executed?

7
386 Cyril of Jerusalem: wrote compellingly of
catholicity of the Church

449 Second Council of Ephesus, Monophysite: Jesus was divine but not human

390? Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea, believed Jesus had human body but divine spirit

450? Codex Alexandrinus(A): Alexandrian texttype; Codex Bezae(D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts;
Codex Washingtonianus(W): Greek Gospels; both
of Western text-type

391: The Theodosian decrees outlaw most pagan rituals still practiced in Rome
396-430 Augustine, bishop of Hippo, considered the founder of formalized Christian theology
(Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
397? Saint Ninian evangelizes Picts in Scotland
398-404 John Chrysostom, Patriarch of Constantinople, see also List of Patriarchs of Constantinople, (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
400: Jerome's Vulgate (Latin edition and translation
of the Bible) is published
400? Ethiopic Bible: in Ge'ez, 81 books, standard
Ethiopian Orthodox Bible

450? std. Aramaic Targums, Old Testament in

Aramaic
450? Socrates Scholasticus Church History of 305438; Sozomen Church History of 323-425
451 Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is a Hypostatic Union: both human
and divine in one (Chalcedonian Creed), rejected
by Oriental Orthodoxy
455: Sack of Rome by the Vandals. The spoils of
the Temple of Jerusalem previously taken by Titus
are allegedly among the treasures taken to Carthage

400? Peshitta Bible in Syriac (Aramaic), Syr(p), OT

+ 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; standard
Syriac Orthodox Church Bible

456? Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysite

406 Armenian Bible, translated by Saint Mesrop,

standard Armenian Orthodox Bible

476, September 4 Emperor Romulus Augustus is

deposed in Rome, marked by many as the fall of
the Western Roman Empire

410, 24 August: Sack of Rome by Alaric and the

Visigoths
412-444 Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, coined
Hypostatic union
418-419 Antipope Eulalius, rival to Pope Boniface
I
420 St. Jerome, Vulgate translator, Latin scholar,
cited expanded ending in Mark after Mark 16:8,
Pericope of the Adultress addition to John (John
7:53-8:11) (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
423-457 Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, noted Tatians Diatesseron in heavy use, wrote a Church History
431 Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical: repudiated Nestorianism, decreed Mary the Mother of
God, forbade any changes to Nicene Creed of
381, rejected by the Persian Church, leading to the
Nestorian Schism
432 St Patrick begins his mission in Ireland. Almost
the entire nation is Christian by the time of his death
in a conversion that is both incredibly successful and
largely bloodless
440-461 Pope Leo the Great: sometimes considered the rst pope (of inuence) by non-Catholics,
stopped Attila the Hun at Rome, issued Tome in
support of Hypostatic Union, approved Council of
Chalcedon but rejected canons in 453

465? Prosper of Aquitaine

484-519 Acacian Schism, over Henoticon, divides

Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) churches
491 Armenian Orthodox split from East (Greek) and
West (Latin) churches
495, May 13 Vicar of Christ decreed a title of
Bishop of Rome by Pope Gelasius I
496 Clovis I, King of the Franks, baptized
498-499,501-506 Antipope Laurentius, rival of
Pope Symmachus, Laurentian schism
500? Incense introduced in Christian church service, rst plans of Vatican
524 Boethius, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote
Theological Tractates, Consolation of Philosophy;
(Loeb Classics) (Latin)
525 Dionysius Exiguus denes Christian calendar
(AD)
527 Fabius Planciades Fulgentius
529 Benedict of Nursia establishes his rst
monastery in the Abbey of Monte Cassino, Italy,
where he writes the Rule of St Benedict
530 Antipope Dioscorus, possibly a legitimate Pope
535-536 Unusual climate changes recorded

3 FIRST SEVEN ECUMENICAL COUNCILS

537-555 Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope
Silverius, conspired with Justinian and Theodora,
on April 11, 548 issued Judicatum supporting Justinians anti-Hypostatic Union, excommunicated by
bishops of Carthage in 550

622 Mohammed founds Islam after eeing to Mecca

538 Byzantine general Belisarius defeats last Arian

kingdom; Western Europe completely Catholic

628 Babai the Great, pillar of Church of the East,

dies

541-542 Plague of Justinian

628-629 Battle of Mut'ah: Heraclius recovers Cross

of Christ and Jerusalem from Islam until 638

543 Justinian condemns Origen, disastrous earthquakes hit the world

544 Justinian condemns the Three Chapters of
Theodore of Mopsuestia (died 428) and other writings of Hypostatic Union Christology of Council of
Chalcedon
550 St. David converts Wales, crucix introduced
553 Second Council of Constantinople,
ecumenical, called by Justinian

5th

556-561 Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed Judicatum

563 Columba goes to Scotland to evangelize Picts,
establishes monastery at Iona
567 Cassiodorus
589 Catholic Third Council of Toledo: Reccared
and the Visigoths convert from Arianism to Catholicism and Filioque clause is added to Nicene Creed
of 381
590-604 Pope Gregory the Great, whom many consider the greatest pope ever, reforms church structure and administration and establishes Gregorian
Chant, Seven deadly sins
591-628 Theodelinda, Queen of the Lombards, began gradual conversion from Arianism to Catholicism
596 St. Augustine of Canterbury sent by Pope Gregory to evangelise the Jutes
600? Evagrius Scholasticus, Church History of
AD431-594[31]
604 Saxon cathedral created (by Mellitus) where St
Pauls Cathedral in London now stands
609 Pantheon, Rome renamed Church of Santa
Maria Rotonda

624 Battle of Badr, considered beginning of Islamic

Empire
625 Paulinus of York comes to convert Northumbria

632 Eorpwald of East Anglia baptized under inuence of Edwin of Northumbria

634-644 Umar, 2nd Sunni Islam Caliph: capital at
Damascus, conquered Syria in 635, defeated Heraclius at Battle of Yarmuk in 636, conquered Egypt
and Armenia in 639, Persia in 642
635 Cynegils of Wessex baptized by Bishop Birinus
664 Synod of Whitby unites Celtic Christianity of
British Isles with Roman Catholicism
680-681 Third Council of Constantinople, 6th
ecumenical, against Monothelites, condemned Pope
Honorius I, Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople,
Heraclius Ecthesis
681-686 Wilfrid converts Sussex
687-691 Dome of the Rock built
690? Old English Bible translations
692 Orthodox Quinisext Council, convoked by
Justinian II, approved Canons of the Apostles of
Apostolic Constitutions, Clerical celibacy, rejected
by Pope Constantine
698 Fall of Carthage
711-718 Umayyad conquest of Hispania
717-718 Second Arab siege of Constantinople
718-1492 Reconquista: Iberian Peninsula retaken
by Roman Catholic Visigoth monarchs
718 Saint Boniface, archbishop of Mainz; an Englishman, given commission by Pope Gregory II to
evangelize the Germans
720? Disentis Abbey of Switzerland

612? Bobbio monastery in northern Italy

730-787 First Iconoclasm: Byzantine Emperor Leo

III bans Christian icons; Pope Gregory II excommunicates him

613 Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland

731 English Church History written by Bede

614 Khosrau II of Persia conquers Damascus,

Jerusalem, takes Holy Cross of Christ

732 Battle of Tours stops Islam from expanding

westward

9
750? Tower added to St Peters Basilica at the front
of the atrium

991 Archbishop Arnulf of Rheims accuses Pope

John XV of being the Antichrist

752? Donation of Constantine, granted Western

Roman Empire to the Pope (later proved a forgery)

997-998 Antipope John XVI, deposed by Pope Gregory V and his cousin Holy Roman Emperor Otto III

756 Donation of Pepin recognizes Papal States

1000 or 1001 Saint Stephen of Hungary crowned;

Hungary becomes a Christian country

781 Nestorian Stele, Daqin Pagoda, Jesus Sutras,

Christianity in China
787 Second Council of Nicaea, 7th ecumenical:
ends rst Iconoclasm
793 Sacking of the monastery of Lindisfarne marks
the beginning of Viking raids on Christendom

Middle Ages

Main article: Medieval history of Christianity

800 King Charlemagne of the Franks is crowned

rst Holy Roman Emperor of the West by Pope Leo
III
849-865 Ansgar, Archbishop of Bremen, Apostle
of the North, began evangelisation of North Germany, Denmark, Sweden
855 Antipope Anastasius: Louis II, Holy Roman
Emperor appoints him over Pope Benedict III but
popular pressure causes withdrawal
863 Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius sent by the
Patriarch of Constantinople to evangelise the Slavic
peoples. They translate the Bible into Slavonic

1001 Byzantine emperor Basil II and Fatimid Caliph

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah execute a treaty guaranteeing the protection of Christian pilgrimage routes in
the Middle East
1009 Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah destroys the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built over the tomb of
Jesus in Jerusalem, and then rebuilds it to its current
state
1012 Antipope Gregory VI, removed by Henry II,
Holy Roman Emperor
1030 Battle of Stiklestad, considered victory of
Christianity over Norwegian paganism
1045 Sigfrid of Sweden, Benedictine evangelist
1046 Council of Sutri: Pope Sylvester III exiled,
Pope Gregory VI admits to buying the papacy and
resigns, Pope Benedict IX resigns, council appoints
Pope Clement II
1054 East-West Schism split between Eastern
(Orthodox Christianity) and Western (Roman
Catholic) churches formalized
1058-1059 Antipope Benedict X, defeated in war
with Pope Nicholas II and Normans
1061-1064 Antipope Honorius II, rival of Pope
Alexander II

869-870 Catholic Fourth Council of Constantinople

condemns Patriarch Photius (rejected by Orthodox)

1065 Westminster Abbey consecrated

879-880 Orthodox Fourth Council of Constantinople restores Photius, condemns Pope Nicholas I and
Filioque (rejected by Catholics)

1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII: Investiture Controversy with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, proponent of clerical celibacy, opponent of simony,
concubinage, Antipope Clement III

897, January Cadaver Synod: Pope Stephen VI conducts trial against dead Pope Formosus, public uprising against Stephen leads to his imprisonment and
strangulation
909 Abbey of Cluny, Benedictine monastery,
founded in France
966 Duke Mieszko I of Poland baptised; Poland becomes a Christian country
984 Antipope Boniface VII, murdered Pope John
XIV, alleged to have murdered Pope Benedict VI in
974
988? Christianization of Kievan Rus

1079 Stanislaus of Szczepanw, patron saint of

Poland
1080 Hospital of Saint John the Baptist founded in
Jeruselem by merchants from Amal and Salerno serves as the foundation for the Knights Hospitaller
1082 Engelberg Abbey of Switzerland built
1093-1109 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury,
writes Cur Deus Homo (Why God Became Man), a
landmark exploration of the Atonement
1095-1291 10 Crusades, rst called by Pope Urban
II at Council of Clermont against Islamic Empire, to
reconquer the Holy Land for Christendom

10

5 RENAISSANCE

1098 Foundation of the reforming monastery of

Cteaux, leads to the growth of the Cistercian order

1208 Start of the Albigensian Crusade against the

Cathars

1101 Antipope Theodoric and Antipope Adalbert

deposed by Pope Paschal II

1214 Rosary is reportedly given to St. Dominic

(who founded Dominican Order) by an apparition
of Mary

1113 Knights Hospitaller conrmed by Papal bull

of Pope Paschal II, listing Blessed Gerard (Gerard
Thom) as founder, (a.k.a. Sovereign Order of Saint
John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights
of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of
Malta)
1118 Knights Templar founded, to defend Holy
Land
1123 Catholic First Lateran Council
1124 Conversion of Pomerania - rst mission of
Otto of Bamberg
1128 Holyrood Abbey in Scotland

1215 Catholic Fourth Lateran Council decrees special dress for Jews and Muslims, and declares
Waldensians, founded by Peter Waldo, as heretics.
One of the goals is the elimination of the heresy of
the Cathars
1219 Francis of Assisi crosses enemy lines during
the Fifth Crusade to speak to Sultan al-Kamil; the
meeting ends with a meal. James of Vitry writes
that Muslim soldiers returned Francis and another
friar, Illuminato, with signs of honor.[32]
1220-1263 St Alexander Nevsky, holy patron of
Russia

1128 Conversion of Pomerania - second mission of

Otto of Bamberg

1231 Charter of the University of Paris granted by

Pope Gregory IX

1130 Peter of Bruys burned at the stake

1131 Tintern Abbey founded in Wales

1241 Pope Gregory IX denounced as Antichrist by

Eberhard II von Truchsees, Prince-Archbishop of
Salzburg, at the Council of Regensburg

1131-1138 Antipope Anacletus II

1245 Catholic First Council of Lyon

1139 Catholic Second Lateran Council

1252, May 15 Ad exstirpanda: Pope Innocent IV

authorizes use of torture in Inquisitions

1140? Decretum Gratiani, Catholic Canon law

1142 Peter Ablard, Letters of Abelard and Heloise
1144 The Saint Denis Basilica of Abbot Suger is the
rst major building in the style of Gothic architecture
1154-1159 Pope Adrian IV, rst (and to date only)
English pope
1155 Theotokos of Vladimir arrives to Bogolyubovo
1155 Carmelites founded
1163 Construction begins on Notre Dame de Paris

1260 Date at which a 1988 Vatican sponsored scientic study places the origin of the Shroud of Turin
1263, July 2024 The Disputation of Barcelona is
held at the royal palace of King James I of Aragon in
the presence of the King, his court, and many prominent ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights, between
a convert from Judaism to Christianity Dominican
Friar Pablo Christiani and Rabbi Nachmanides
1274 Summa Theologiae, written by Thomas
Aquinas, theologian and philosopher, landmark
systematic theology which later becomes ocial
Catholic doctrine

1168 Conversion of Pomerania - Principality of Rugia missioned by Absalon

1274 Catholic Second Council of Lyon

1173 Waldensians founded

1291 Last Crusader city (Acre) falls to the

Mamelukes

1179 Catholic Third Lateran Council

1191 Teutonic Knights founded
1204-1261 Latin Empire of Constantinople

5 Renaissance

Main article: Medieval history of Christianity Late

1205 Saint Francis of Assisi becomes a hermit, Middle Ages (13001499)
founding the Franciscan order of friars; renounces See also: Renaissance
wealth and begins his ministry

11
1308-1321 Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia), by
Dante Alighieri; most consensual dates are: Inferno
written between 13071308, Purgatorio from 13071308 to 1313-1314 and last the Paradiso from 13131314 to 1321 (year of Dantes death)
1307 The arrest of many of the Knights Templar,
beginning conscation of their property and extraction of confessions under torture
1305-1378 Avignon Papacy, Popes reside in Avignon, France
1311-1312 Catholic Council of Vienne disbands
Knights Templar
1313 Foundation of the legendary Order of the Rose
Cross (Rosicrucian Order), a mystic Christian fraternity for the rst time expounded in the major Christian literary work The Divine Comedy[33][34][35][36]

1425 Catholic University of Leuven

1430? Andrei Rublev, the greatest of medieval iconpainters
1431 St. Joan of Arc, French national heroine,
burned at the stake
1431-1445 Catholic Council of Basel-FerraraFlorence
1439 Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, highest building in
the world until 1874
1452 Dum Diversas, papal bull issued on 18 June
1452, credited with ushering in the West African
slave trade in Europe and the New World
1453 Fall of Constantinople, overrun by Ottoman
Empire

1314 Jacques de Molay, last Grandmaster of

Knights Templar, burned at the stake

1455 Gutenberg Bible, rst printed Bible, by Johann

Gutenberg

1326 Metropolitan Peter moves his see from Kiev to

Moscow

1473-1481 Sistine Chapel built

1341-1351 Orthodox Fifth Council of Constantinople

1342 Marsilius of Padua
1345 Sergii Radonezhskii founds a hermitage in
the woods, which grows into the Troitse-Sergiyeva
Lavra
1378-1418 Western Schism in Roman Catholicism
1380-1382 Wyclies Bible, by John Wyclie, eminent theologian at Oxford, NT in 1380, OT (with
help of Nicholas of Hereford) in 1382, translations
into Middle English, 1st complete translation to
English, includes deuterocanonical books, preaches
against abuses, expresses anti-catholic views of the
sacraments (Penance and Eucharist), the use of
relics, and clerical celibacy
1388 Twenty-ve Articles of the Lollards published
1408 Council of Oxford forbids translations of the
Scriptures into the vernacular, unless and until they
are fully approved by church authority
1409 Council of Pisa declares Roman Pope Gregory XII and Avignon Pope Benedict XIII deposed,
electsd Pope Alexander V (called the Pisan Pope)

1478 Spanish Inquisition established by Pope Sixtus

IV
1483 Martin Luther born in Eisleben
1484 December 5, Summis desiderantes against
Witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII
1487 Persecution and crusade against
Waldensians instigated by Pope Innocent VIII

the

1492 Columbus opens new continents to Christianity

1498 Girolamo Savonarola, Dominican priest,
writes Bonre of the Vanities
1506 Pope Julius II orders the Old St. Peters
Basilica torn down and authorizes Donato Bramante
to plan a new structure (demolition completed in
1606); Vatican Swiss Guard founded
1508-1512 Michelangelo frescoes the Sistine
Chapel's vaulted ceiling
1512-1517 Catholic Fifth Council of the Lateran:
condemned Conciliarism

6 Reformation

1414-1418 Catholic Council of Constance asks Gregory XII, Benedict XIII, Pisan Pope John XXIII to
See also: Protestant Reformation
resign their papal claims, then elects Pope Martin V;
condemns John Wyclie and Jan Hus, who is burned
at the stake
1517 95 Theses of Martin Luther begins German
1423-1424 Council of Siena
Protestant Reformation

12

REFORMATION

1518 Heidelberg Disputation: Martin Luther puts

forth his Theology of the Cross

1534 Henry VIII establishes new independent entity

Church of England, see also English Reformation

1519 Leipzig Debate between Martin Luther and

Johann Eck

1534 Jesuit order founded by Ignatius of Loyola,

helped reconvert large areas of Poland, Hungary,
and south Germany and sent missionaries to the New
World, India, and China

1520 Luther publishes three monumental works, To

the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the
Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian
1521 Luther refuses to recant his works at the Diet
of Worms
1521 Papal bull Decet Romanum Ponticem (It
Pleases the Roman Ponti) excommunicates Luther
1521 Ferdinand Magellan claims the Philippines
for Spain, rst mass and subsequent conversion to
Catholicism, rst in East Asia
1522 Luthers NT, German NT translation
1524 The Freedom of the Will published by
Erasmus
1525 On the Bondage of the Will published by
Luther in response to Erasmus
1525 Anabaptist movement begins
1526 Tyndales NT, English NT translation from
1516 Greek text of Erasmus, rst printed edition,
reects inuence of Luthers NT in rejecting priest
for elder, church for congregation, banned in 1546
by Henry VIII of England
1526 Luther publishes his German Mass and The
Sacrament of the Body and Blood of ChristAgainst
the Fanatics, his rst written work against the
Sacramentarians
1528 Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein, Lutheranism is ocially adopted
1528 Luther arms the real presence of Christs
body and blood in his Confession Concerning Christs
Supper
1529 Marburg Colloquy, Luther defends doctrine of
Real Presence in discussion with Zwingli
1530 Augsburg Confession, rst doctrinal statement
of the Lutheran Church
1531 Huldrych Zwingli is killed during the Second
war of Kappel
1531 Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico: According
to tradition, when the roses fell from it the icon of
the Virgin of Guadalupe appeared imprinted on the
cactus cloth. The sudden, extraordinary success of
the evangelizing of ten million Indians in the decade
of 15311541.

1535-1537 Myles Coverdale's Bible, used Tyndales

NT along with Latin and German versions, included
Apocrypha at the end of the OT (like Luthers Bible
of 1534) as was done in later English versions, 1537
edition received royal license, but banned in 1546
by Henry VIII
1535 Thomas More refuses to accept King Henry
VIIIs claim to be the supreme head of the Church
in England, and is executed
1535-1679 Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1536 Desiderius Erasmus, eminent Dutch humanist
and editor of the Textus Receptus, dies
1536 Tyndale put to death, left his OT translation
in manuscript, English ecclesiastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was thought to be
part of Lutheran reform
1536 Institutes of the Christian Religion written by
John Calvin (Calvinism)
1536 John of Leiden, fanatic Dutch Anabaptist
1536 Jacob Hutter, founder of Hutterites
1536 Helvetic Confessions of the Reformed
Churches of Switzerland
1536-1540 Dissolution of the Monasteries in England, Wales and Ireland
1536 Pilgrimage of Grace
1536-1541 Michelangelo paints The Last Judgement
1537 Christian III of Denmark decreed
Lutheranism state religion of Norway and Denmark
1537 Luther writes Smalcald Articles
1537-1551 Matthew Bible, by John Rogers, based
on Tyndale and Coverdale received royal license but
not authorized for use in public worship, numerous editions, 1551 edition contained oensive notes
(based on Tyndale)
1539-1569 Great Bible, by Thomas Cromwell, 1st
English Bible to be authorized for public use in
English churches, defective in many places, based
on last Tyndales NT of 1534-1535, corrected by
a Latin version of the Hebrew OT, Latin Bible of
Erasmus, and Complutensian Polyglot, last edition
1569, never denounced by England

13
1541 John Calvin returns to Geneva

1563 Heidelberg Catechism of Reformed churches

1542 Roman Inquisition established by Pope Paul III

1565-73 Examination of the Council of Trent by

Martin Chemnitz

1542 Robert Bellarmine born - became a Cardinal

Inquisitor under Pope Clement VIII
1543 Parliament of England bans Tyndales translation as a crafty, false and untrue translation
1545-1563 Catholic Council of Trent: CounterReformation against Protestantism, clearly dened
an ocial theology and biblical canon
1549 Original Book of Common Prayer of the
Church of England written by Thomas Cranmer
1551 The Stoglav Church Council (One Hundred
Chapters) Moscow, Russia
1552 Joachim Westphal starts controversy against
Calvinists, defending Lutheran doctrine of Real
Presence
1552 Francis Xavier, Jesuit missionary, Apostle of
the Indies
1553 Pontical Gregorian University founded at
Vatican City
1553 Michael Servetus founder of Unitarianism,
burned at the stake in Geneva
1553-1558 Queen Mary I of England persecutes reformers: John Rogers, Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Cranmer; of 238 burned at the stake
1555 Peace of Augsburg gives religious freedom in
Germany only to Lutheran Protestants

1566 Roman Catechism and Index of Prohibited

Books published
1569 Metropolitan Philip of Moscow strangled by
Malyuta Skuratov
1571 Dutch Reformed Church established
1571 Battle of Lepanto saves Christian Europe;
Pope Pius V organizes the Holy League led by Don
Juan de Austria to defend Europe from the larger Islamic Ottoman forces (230 galleys and 56 galliots)
1572 John Knox founds Scottish Presbyterian
Church, due to disagreement with Lutherans over
sacraments and church government
1572-1606 Bishops Bible, a revision of the Great
Bible checked against the Hebrew text, 1st to be
published in England by episcopal authority
1572 St. Bartholomews Day Massacre: Thousands
of Protestants murdered in France
1577 Formula of Concord adopted by German
Lutherans
1579 Discovery of the holiest Russian icon, Our
Lady of Kazan
1580 Book of Concord of Lutheranism
1582 St Teresa of Avila dies

1558 Church of England permanently reestablished

after Mary I of England deposed

1582 Gregorian calendar of Pope Gregory XIII

adopted at dierent times in dierent regions of the
world

1559 Military Order of the Golden Spur founded by

Pope Paul IV

1582 Rheims New Testament published - it later became part of the 1610 DouayRheims Bible

1560 Geneva Bible, NT a revision of Matthews version of Tyndale with use of Theodore Beza's NT
(1556), OT a thorough revision of Great Bible, appointed to be read in Scotland (but not England), at
least 140 editions, rst Bible with chapter and verse
numbers

1585 Jesuit scholar Francisco Ribera publishes rst

futurist interpretation, of the Biblical books of
Daniel and Revelation

1560 Scots Confession, Church of Scotland, Scottish Reformation

1587? Mission Nombre De Dios in St. Augustine,

Florida, considered rst Catholic mission to North
America[37]

1560-1598 French Wars of Religion

1560-1812 Goa Inquisition, persecution of Hindus
and Jews in India, see also Christianity in India

1587 Toyotomi Hideyoshi expels Jesuits from

Kysh

1588 Spanish Armada defeated in its eorts to reconquer England for Catholicism

1561 Menno Simons, founder of Mennonites

1589 Metropolitan Jove is elected the rst Patriarch

of Moscow

1563 Thirty-Nine Articles of Church of England,

also decreed Biblical canon

1590 Michelangelos dome in St Peters Basilica

completed

14

7 17TH CENTURY

1591 St John of the Cross

1592 The Clementine Vulgate of Pope Clement
VIII, replaced the Sistine Vulgate of 1590, the standard Latin Catholic Bible until the Second Vatican
Council
1596 Ukrainian Catholic Church forms when
Ukrainian subjects of the king of Poland are
reunited with Rome, largest Byzantine Catholic
Church
1598 Edict of Nantes grants toleration to French
Protestants (Huguenots)
1600 Giordano Bruno, Dominican priest, burned at
the stake

17th century

See also: Age of Reason

1604 Fausto Paolo Sozzini Socinianism

1606 Carlo Maderno redesigns St Peters Basilica
into a Latin cross
1607 Jamestown, Virginia founded
1608 Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain
1609 Baptist Church founded by John Smyth, due
to objections to infant baptism and demands for
church-state separation
1609-1610 Douay-Rheims Bible, 1st Catholic English translation, OT published in two volumes,
based on an unocial Louvain text corrected by Sistine Vulgate, NT is Rheims text of 1582
1611 King James Version (Authorised Version) is
published, based primarily on Tyndales work and
Bishops Bible of 1572, rst printings included separate Apocrypha between the testaments
1614 Fama Fraternitatis, the rst Rosicrucian manifesto (may have been in circulation ca. 1610) presenting the The Fraternity of the Rose Cross"
1615 Confessio Fraternitatis, the second Rosicrucian manifesto describing the Most Honorable Order as Christian[38]
1616 Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz,
the third Rosicrucian manifesto (an hermetic allegory presenting alchemical and Christian elements)
1618-1648 Thirty Years War
1620 Plymouth Colony founded by Puritans

1622-1642 Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal

Richelieu
1630 City upon a Hill, sermon by John Winthrop
1634-37 Confessio catholica by Lutheran theologian
Johann Gerhard
1635 Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts
Bay Colony, for advocating separation of church and
state
1636 Founding of what was later known as Harvard
University as a training school for ministers - the rst
of thousands of institutions of Christian higher education founded in the USA
1636-1638 Cornelius Jansen, bishop of Ypres,
founder of Jansenism
1637-1638 Shimabara Rebellion
1638 Anne Hutchinson banished as a heretic from
Massachusetts
1641 John Cotton, advocate of theonomy, helps to
establish the social constitution of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony
1643 Acta Sanctorum
1643 John Campanius arrives in New Sweden
1644 Rhode Island founded by Roger Williams as
rst colony to establish complete religious liberty
1644 Long Parliament directs that only Hebrew
canon be read in the Church of England (eectively
removing the Apocrypha)
1646 Westminster Standards produced by the Assembly, one of the rst and undoubtedly the most
important and lasting religious document drafted after the reconvention of the Parliament, also decrees
Biblical canon
1648 George Fox founds the Quaker movement
1648 Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years War,
extends religious toleration to Calvinists
1650 Bishop James Ussher calculates date of creation as October 23, 4004 BC
1653-56 Raskol of the Russian Orthodox Church
1655-1677, Abraham Calovius publishes Systema
Iocorum theologicorum, height of Lutheran scholasticism
1660-1685 King Charles II of England, restoration
of monarchy, continuing through James II, reversed
decision of Long Parliament of 1644, reinstating the
Apocrypha, reversal not heeded by non-conformists

15
1666 Paul Gerhardt, Lutheran pastor and hymnwriter, is removed from his position as a pastor in
Nikolaikirche in Berlin, when he refuses to accept
syncretistic edict of the Elector Friedrich Wilhelm
I of Brandenburg

1721 Peter the Great substitutes Moscow Patriarchate with the Holy Synod

1672 Greek Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem: decreed

Biblical canon

1730-1749 First Great Awakening in U.S.

1675 Philipp Jakob Spener publishes Pia Desideria,

which becomes a manifesto for Pietism
1678 John Bunyan publishes Pilgrims Progress
1682 Avvakum, leader of the Old Believers, burned
at the stake in the Far North of Russia
1683 Roger Williams, advocate of Separation of
church and state, founder of Providence, Rhode Island, dies
1685 Edict of Fontainebleau outlaws Protestantism
in France
1685 James II of England baptizes his son as a
Catholic

1728 The Vicar of Bray (song)

1735 Welsh Methodist revival

1738 Methodist movement, led by John Wesley and
his hymn-writing brother Charles, begins
1740 Johann Phillip Fabricius, missionary, arrives
in South India
1741 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, famous
Fire and brimstone sermon
1741 George Frederick Handel performs his classic
gospel oratorio Messiah for the rst time
1754 An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, by Isaac Newton, published
1767-1815 Suppression of the Jesuits

1685 Orthodoxy introduced to Beijing by Russian

Orthodox Church

1768 New Smyrna, Florida, Greek Orthodox

colony, founded

1688 'Glorious Revolution' overthrows James II of

England over fears of Catholic restoration; William
of Orange takes English throne

1768 Reimarus dies without publishing his radical critic work distinguishing Historical Jesus versus
Christ of Faith

1689 English Bill of Rights establishes religious liberty

1769 Mission San Diego de Alcala, rst California

mission

1692 Salem witch trials held in Colonial America

1692-1721 Chinese Rites controversy
1693 Jacob Amman founds Amish sect

1722 Hans Egede, missionary, arrives in Greenland

18th century

See also: Age of Enlightenment

1701 Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands splits

with Roman Catholicism
1706 Bartholomus Ziegenbalg, missionary, arrives
in Tranquebar
1707 Examen theologicum acroamaticum by David
Hollatz: the last great Lutheran doctrinal work before the Age of Enlightenment
1718-22 Orthodox Lutheran Valentin Ernst Lscher
publishes The Complete Timotheus Verinus against
Pietism

1771 Emanuel Swedenborg publishes his Universal

Theology of the True Christian Religion, later used
by others to found Swedenborgianism
1774 Ann Lee, leader of American Shakers, emigrates to New York from England
1774 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing starts publishing
Reimarus works on historical Jesus as Anonymous Fragments, starting Liberal Theology Era (in
Christology)
1776-1788 Gibbons The History of the Decline and
Fall of the Roman Empire, critical of Christianity
1776 Mission Dolores, San Francisco
1779 Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Jesus
never coerced anyone to follow him, and the imposition of a religion by government ocials is impious
1780 Robert Raikes begins Sunday schools to reach
poor and uneducated children in England
1784 American Methodists form Methodist Episcopal Church at so-called Christmas Conference, led
by bishops Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury

16

9 19TH CENTURY

1784 Roman Catholicism is re-introduced in Korea,

and disseminates after almost 200 years since its rst
introduction in 1593
1789-1815 John Carroll, Archdiocese of Baltimore,
rst Roman Catholic US bishop
1789-1801 Dechristianisation of France during the
French Revolution
1791 First Amendment to the United States Constitution: Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof
1793 Herman of Alaska brings Orthodoxy to Alaska
1795 The Age of Reason, written by Thomas Paine,
advocates Deism
1796 Treaty with Tripoli (1796), article 11: the
Government of the United States of America is not,
in any sense, founded on the Christian religion
1800 Friedrich Schleiermacher publishes his rst
book, beginning Liberal Christianity movement

19th century

See also: Industrial Revolution

1801 Cane Ridge Revival in Cane Ridge, Kentucky

initiates the Christians (Stone Movement) wing of
the Restoration Movement
1809 Disciples of Christ (Campbell Movement)
wing of the Restoration Movement initiated with the
publication of the Declaration and Address of the
Christian Association of Washington
1815 Peter the Aleut, orthodox Christian, tortured
and martyred in Catholic San Francisco, California

1828 Plymouth Brethren founded;

Dispensationalism

promotes

1830 Catherine Laboure receives Miraculous Medal

from the Blessed Mother in Paris, France
1830 Charles Finney's revivals lead to Second Great
Awakening in America
1830, April 6 Church of Christ (Mormonism, Latter
Day Saint Movement) founded by Joseph Smith as
a result of reported visitations and commandment
by God the Father, Jesus Christ, and later the Angel
Moroni. Book of Mormon also published in 1830
1831 William Miller begins the Advent Movement,
by preaching his rst sermon on the Biblical books
of Daniel and Revelation
1832 Christians (Stone Movement) and Disciples
of Christ (Campbell Movement) merge to form the
Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement
1832, February 28- Persecution of Old Lutherans:
by a royal decree all Lutheran worship is declared
illegal in Prussia in favour of the Prussian Union
agenda[39]
1833 John Kebles sermon "National Apostasy" initiates the Oxford Movement in England
1838-1839 Saxon Lutherans objecting to theological
rationalism emigrate from Germany to the United
States; settle in Perry County, Missouri. Leads to
formation of the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod
1843 Disruption of: schism within the established
Church of Scotland
1844 Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder, missionary,
arrives in Port Natal, South Africa
1844 Lars Levi Laestadius experiences
awakeningbeginning of Laestadianism
1844, October 22 Great Disappointment: false prediction of Second Coming of Christ by Millerites

1816 Bishop Richard Allen, a former slave, founds

the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the rst
African-American denomination

1844, December Ellen G. White, co-founder and

prophetess of the Seventh-day Adventist Church,
has her rst vision

1817 Claus Harms publishes 95 theses against

rationalism and the Prussian Union of churches

1845 Southern Baptist Convention formed in Augusta, Georgia

1819 Thomas Jeerson produces the Jeerson Bible

1846 Bernadette Soubirous receives the rst of 18

apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes in Lourdes,
France. Six million a year visit Lourdes Shrine

1824 English translation of Wilhelm Gesenius'

...Handwrterbuch...: Hebrew-English Lexicon,
Hendrickson Publishers
1827 Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg takes on the editorship of the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, the chief
literary organ of the Neo-Lutheranism

1847 Lutheran ChurchMissouri Synod founded in

Chicago, Illinois
1847 John Christian Frederick Heyer, missionary,
arrives in Andhra Pradesh, India

17
1848 Epistle to the Easterners and Encyclical of the
Eastern Patriarchs response

1879 Knock, Ireland is location of apparition of Our

Lady, Queen of Ireland

1848 Perfectionist movement in western New York

state

1879 Church of Christ, Scientist founded in Boston

by Mary Baker Eddy

1849 Johann Konrad Wilhelm Lhe founds the rst

deaconess house in Neuendettelsau, Bavaria

1881-1894 Revised Version, called for by Church

of England, uses Greek based on Septuagint (B)
and (S), Hebrew Masoretic Text used in OT, follows
Greek order of words, greater accuracy than AV, includes Apocrypha, scholarship never disputed

1850 Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod

founded in Milwaukee
1853 Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran
Church in America founded outside Madison, Wisconsin
1854 Missionary Hudson Taylor arrives in China
1854 Immaculate Conception dened as Catholic
dogma

1884 Charles Taze Russell founds Bible Student

movement
1885-1887 Uganda Martyrs
1885 Baltimore Catechism published
1886 Moody Bible Institute founded

1855 Sren Kierkegaard, founder of Christian existentialism

1886 Onesimos Nesib begins translation of the entire Bible into the Oromo language

1855 Samuel Simon Schmucker begins attempt to

replace the Augsburg Confession with the Denite
Platform in the General Synod, leading to schism in
1866

1886 Johann Flierl, missionary, arrives in New

Guinea

1859 Ashbel Green Simonton, missionary, arrives in

Brazil and founds Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, the
oldest Brazilian Protestant denomination
1863 Seventh-day Adventist Church ocially
formed 19 years after the Great Disappointment
1865 Methodist preacher William Booth founds the
Salvation Army, vowing to bring the gospel into the
streets to the most desperate and needy
1866 General Council (Lutheran) formed by ten
Lutheran synods in the United States

1891 Albert Maclaren and Copland King, Anglican

missionaries, arrive in New Guinea
1893 Heresy trial of Luther Alexander Gotwald
1894 The Kingdom of God is Within You, by Leo
Tolstoy, start of Christian anarchism
1897 Christian ag conceived in Brooklyn, New
York
1899 Gideons International founded

10 20th century

1869-1870 Catholic First Vatican Council asserts

doctrine of Papal Infallibility (rejected by Christian Main article: Christianity in the 20th century
Catholic Church of Switzerland)
1870 Italy declares war on the Papal States; Italian
Army enters Rome; Papal States cease to exist
1871 Pontmain, France is saved from advancing
German troops with the appearing of Our Lady of
Hope
1871-1878 German Kulturkampf against Roman
Catholicism
1872 Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of
North America organized
1876 Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)
founded
1878 First translation of the New Testament into
Batak by Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen

1903 First group baptism at Sattelberg Mission Station under Christian Keyser in New Guinea paves
way for mass conversions during the following years
1904 Welsh revival
1904 Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil - Igreja
Evanglica Luterana do Brasil - is founded in Juni
24, in So Pedro do Sul city, State Rio Grande do
Sul
1905 French law on the separation of Church and
State
1906 Albert Schweitzer publishes The Quest of the
Historical Jesus (English translation 1910)
1906 Biblia Hebraica

18

10 20TH CENTURY

1906-1909 Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles,

CA begins modern Pentecostal movement

1917 Restitution of the Moscow Patriarchy with

Tikhon as patriarch

1907 The Church of God in Christ is formed as a

Pentecostal body

1917 True Jesus Church founded in Beijing

1907-1912 Nicholas of Japan, Archbishop of

Japanese Orthodox Church

1918 Execution of Holy Martyrs of Russia, including the last tsar, Nicholas II, and his wife, Alexandra
Feodorovna, by the Communists

1908 Church of the Nazarene founded in Pilot Point,

Texas

1918 United Lutheran Church in America founded

1909 Scoeld Reference Bible published

1909-1911 The Rosicrucian Fellowship, an international association of Esoteric Christian mystics,
founded at Mount Ecclesia
1910 Christian Congregation in Brazil founded in
Santo Antnio da Platina, Brazil by Italo-American
Louis Francescon. It begins Pentecostalism in Brazil
and South America
1910 Edinburgh Missionary Conference launches
modern missions movement and modern
ecumenical movement; 5-point statement of
the Presbyterian General Assembly also used by
Fundamentalists
1910-1915 The Fundamentals, a 12-volume collection of essays by 64 British and American scholars
and preachers, forms foundation of Fundamentalism
1913 Catholic Encyclopedia
1914 Welsh Church Act 1914
1914 Iglesia ni Cristo incorporated in the Philippines
1914 Paul Olaf Bodding completes his translation of
the Bible into the Santali language
1915 Ellen G. White, co-founder and prophetess of
the Seventh-day Adventist Church, dies

1919 Karl Barth's Commentary on Romans is published, critiquing Liberal Christianity and beginning
the neo-orthodox movement
1920 The Ecclesia, an Esoteric Christian Temple, is
erected and dedicated on Christmas Day (December
25)
1921 Oxford Group founded at Oxford
1923 Aimee Semple McPherson builds Angelus
Temple
1924 First religious radio station in the U.S., KFUO
(AM), founded
1925 Scopes Trial causes division among Fundamentalists
1925 United Church of Canada formed
1925 St. Therese of Lisieux canonized
1925 The World Conference of Life and Work is held
in Stockholm, Sweden
1926 Father Charles Coughlin's rst radio broadcast
1926-1929 Cristero War in Mexico: The Constitution of 1917 brings persecution of Christian practices and anti-clerical laws - approximately 4,000
Catholic priests are expelled, assassinated or executed

1915-1923 The Armenian Genocide occurs

1927 Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly founds the

Congregation of Sisters of the Destitute

1916 Father Divine founds International Peace Mission movement

1927 Pope Pius XI decrees Comma Johanneum

open to dispute

1916 And did those feet in ancient time

1917 Heinrich Hansen publishes Lutheran
Evangelical Catholic theses Stimuli et Clavi
1917 Our Lady of Fatima appears Marian apparitions to 3 young people, in Fatima, Portugal - Jacinta
Marto, Francisco Marto and Lcia Santos ("Sister
Lucia")
1917 - 13 October Miracle of the Sun is witnessed
by as many as 100,000 people in the Cova da Iria
elds near Ftima, Portugal (How the Sun Danced
at Midday at Ftima)

1929 Lateran Treaty signed, containing three agreements between kingdom of Italy and the papacy
1929 Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly dies
1929 Voice of Prophecy radio ministry founded by
Seventh-day Adventist pastor H.M.S. Richards Sr.
1930 Rastafari movement founded
1930 Old American Lutheran Church founded
1930 The Lutheran Hour begins with Walter A.
Maier as speaker

19
1931 Jehovahs Witnesses formally separate from
the Bible Student movement
1931 Christ the Redeemer (statue) built in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil

1947 Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism by Carl F. H. Henry, a landmark of Evangelicalism versus Fundamentalism in US
1947 Oral Roberts founds Evangelistic Association

1932 Franz Pieper's A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod adopted by the
LCMS

1947 Dead Sea scrolls discovered

1932 Marian apparitions to ve school children in

Beauraing, Belgium as Lady Virgin of the Poor[40]

1948 World Council of Churches is founded

1947 Lutheran World Federation founded

1933 Catholic Worker Movement founded

1948 Declaration of the Establishment of the State

of Israel, see also Christian Zionism

1934 Herbert W. Armstrong founds Radio Church

of God

1949 evangelist Billy Graham preaches his rst Los

Angeles crusade

1935 Gunnar Rosendal publishes Lutheran High

Church manifesto Kyrklig frnyelse

1949 - October 2 Saint John Evangelical Lutheran

Community - Comunidade Evanglica Luterana
So Joo da Igreja Evanglica Luterana do Brasil is founded in Passo Fundo city, State Rio Grande do
Sul

1935 Dr. Frank C. Laubach, known as The Apostle

to the Illiterates, working in the Philippines, develops a literacy program that continues to teach millions of people to read
1935 Rahlfs critical edition of the Koine Greek
Septuagint published
1935 Billy Sunday, early U.S. radio evangelist, dies
1938 First Debbarma Christian, Manindra Debbarma, is baptized at Agartala
1938 Tripura Baptist Christian Union established at
Laxmilunga, Tripura
1939 Southern and Northern US branches of
the Methodist Episcopal Church, along with the
Methodist Protestant Church, reunite to form The
Methodist Church (slavery had divided the church
in the 19th century)
1940 Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle
de los Caidos, worlds largest cross, 152.4 meters
high
1942 National Association of Evangelicals founded
1945 On the Feast of the Annunciation, Our Lady
appears to a simple woman, Ida Peerdeman, in Amsterdam. This is the rst of 56 appearances as Our
Lady of All Nations,[41] which took place between
1945 and 1959.

1950 First part of the Common Confession between

the American Lutheran Church and the LCMS is
adopted, resulting in the schism of the Orthodox
Lutheran Conference
1950 New World Translation of the Christian Greek
Scriptures released
1950 Assumption of Mary decreed by Pope Pius XII
1950 Missionaries of Charity founded by Mother
Teresa
1951 Bishop Fulton Sheen (19191979) debuts
his television program Life is Worth Living on the
DuMont Network. His half hour lecture program
on Roman Catholic theology remained the number
one show on U.S. television for its time slot, winning several Emmys until Sheen ended the program
in 1957
1951 The Last Temptation, a ctional account of the
life of Jesus written by Nikos Kazantzakis, wherein
Christs divinity is juxtaposed with his humanity, is
published, and promptly banned in many countries
1951 Campus Crusade for Christ founded at UCLA

1945 Dietrich Bonhoeer is executed by the Nazis

1952 Novum Testamentum Graece, critical edition

of Greek NT, basis of modern translations

1945 Ludwig Mller

1952 C. S. Lewis' Mere Christianity published

1945 The Nag Hammadi library is discovered

1952 This Is the Life TV series begins

1946-1952 Revised Standard Version, revision of

AV based on consonantal Hebrew text for OT
and best available texts for NT, done in response to
changes in English usage

1954 Unication Church founded by Reverend Sun

Myung Moon, under the name Holy Spirit Association for the Unication of World Christianity
(acronym HSA-UWC)

20

10 20TH CENTURY

1954 U.S. Pledge of Allegiance modied by act of

Congress from one nation, indivisible to one nation under God, indivisible

1963 A campaign by atheist Madalyn Murray

O'Hair results in U.S. Supreme Court ruling prohibiting reading of Bible in public schools

1956 In God We Trust designated U.S. national

motto

1963 Oral Roberts University founded

1956 Anchor Bible Series

1956 The Ten Commandments (1956 lm)
1956 It Is Written television ministry founded by
Seventh-day Adventist pastor George Vandeman
1957 United Church of Christ founded by ecumenical union of Congregationalists and Evangelical &
Reformed, representing Calvinists and Lutherans
1957 English translation of Walter Bauer's Wrterbuch ...: A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, University of Chicago Press
1958 Sedevacantism
1959 Family Radio founded by Harold Camping
1959 Franz Pieper's A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod rearmed by the
LCMS
1960 Merger creates the new American Lutheran
Church
1960 John F. Kennedy becomes the rst Roman
Catholic to be elected President of the United States
1961 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures
published
1961 Christian Broadcasting Network founded by
Pat Robertson
1962 Engel v. Vitale, rst U.S. Supreme Court decision against School prayer
1962 Karl Rahner, Joseph Ratzinger, Yves Congar, John Courtney Murray, Hans Kng among others appointed periti for upcoming Second Vatican Council. Rahner famous for paraphrasing Augustines axiom: Many whom God has the Church
does not have; and many whom the Church has, God
does not have.
1962-1965 Catholic Second Vatican Council, announced by Pope John XXIII in 1959, produces 16
documents which become ocial Roman Catholic
teaching after approval by the Pope, purpose to renew ourselves and the ocks committed to us
1963 Martin Luther King leads a civil rights march
in Washington, D.C.

1963 Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of

North America dissolves in schism
1963 New Testament of Becks American Translation completed, thousands of copies distributed
through The Lutheran Hour
1965 Reginald H. Fullers The Foundations of New
Testament Christology
1965 Rousas John Rushdoony founds Chalcedon
Foundation
1965 Nostra aetate declaration promulgated at Vatican II that repudiates the charge of deicide against
Jews
1966 Roman Catholic Index of Prohibited Books
abolished
1966 Raymond E. Brown's Commentary on the
Gospel of John
1967 Lutheran Council in the United States of
America organized
1968 Zeitoun, Egypt, a bright image of the Virgin
Mary as Our Lady of Zeitoun was seen over the Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Demiana for over a 3year period. Over six million Egyptians and foreigners saw the image, including Copts, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestants, Muslims, Jews
and people of no particular faith
1968 United Methodist Church formed with union
of Methodist Church & Evangelical United Brethren
Church, becoming the largest Methodist/Wesleyan
church in the world
1970s The Jesus movement takes hold in the U.S.
One-way.org
1970 Mass of Paul VI replaces Tridentine Mass
1970 The Late, Great Planet Earth, futurist book by
Hal Lindsey, published
1970? Chick Publications
1971 New American Standard Bible
1971 The Exorcist, a novel of demonic possession
and the mysteries of the Catholic faith, is published
1971 Liberty University founded by Jerry Falwell
1972 Most Lutheran free churches in Germany
merge, forming the Independent EvangelicalLutheran Church

21
1973, June 12- Near the city of Akita, Our Lady
appeared to Agnes Katsuko Sasagawa. Three messages were given to her over a period 5 months Our
Lady of Akita.[42]

1981 Pope John Paul II shot by Mehmet Ali Agca;

survives and later forgives him

1973 The Apostle in the End-Time called[43] Arsenio Tan Ferriol (Pentecostal Missionary Church of
Christ in the 4th WATCH) Philippines

1985 Jesus Seminar founded

1973 Trinity Broadcasting Network founded by Paul

and Jan Crouch
1973 New International Version of the Bible is rst
published (revised in 1978, 1984), using a variety
of Greek texts, Masoretic Hebrew texts, and current
English style
1973 Walkout at Concordia Seminary begins the
Seminex controversy in the LCMS

1982 Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics

1985 E. P. Sanders' Jesus and Judaism published

1986 Chicago Statement on Biblical Application
1986 Desmond Tutu becomes Anglican Archbishop
of South Africa; joins anti-apartheid movement
1987 Danvers Statement - Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
1988 Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
founded

1974 Jim Bakker founds PTL television ministry

1988 Lutheran Council in the United States of

America dissolved

1975 Bruce Metzger's Textual Commentary on the

Greek New Testament

1988 Christian Coalition founded by Pat Robertson

1976 Anneliese Michel, Bavarian woman, undergoes exorcism against demon possession
1976 Suicide by self-immolation of East German
pastor Oskar Brsewitz, leads to mass protests
against communism
1977 New Perspective on Paul
1977 Focus on the Family founded by James Dobson

1988 The Last Temptation of Christ, directed by

Martin Scorsese, is released by Universal Pictures,
and promptly attacked as heretical by organized
Christian and Catholic groups
1988 The celebration of 1,000 years since the
baptism of Kievan Rus throughout the R.O.C.
1988 Assemblies of God pastor Jimmy Swaggart
caught in sex scandal

1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy

1989 New Revised Standard Version

1978-2005 Pope John Paul II: rearmed moral traditions (The Splendor of Truth)

1990 American Center for Law and Justice founded

1979 Moral Majority founded by Jerry Falwell

1991 John P. Meiers series A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, v. 1

1979 Jesus (1979 lm), most watched movie of all

time according to New York Times

1992 New Catechism of the Catholic Church published

1979-1982? New King James Version, complete revision of 1611 AV, updates archaisms while retaining style

1993 Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference founded

1980 Glacier View Conference: Seventh-day Adventist pastor and professor Desmond Ford is defrocked for questioning the sanctuary doctrine of the
church, in a 1979 lecture at Pacic Union College
1981 Kibeho, Rwanda reported that Our Lady appeared to several teenagers telling them to pray to
avoid rivers of blood (Marian apparitions)[44]
1981 Mother Angelica launches EWTN; it grows to
become one of the largest television networks in the
world; the operation expands to radio in 1992
1981 Institute on Religion and Democracy is
founded

1993 International Lutheran Council founded

1994 Evangelicals & Catholics Together[45]
1994 Porvoo Communion
1994 Answers In Genesis founded by Ken Ham
1994, July 3- Glorication of St. John of Shanghai
and San Francisco
1996 Cambridge Declaration - Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals[46]
1997, March 510- World Council of Churches:
Towards a Common Date for Easter, see also
Reform of the date of Easter

22

11 21ST CENTURY

1998, April 6 PBS Frontline: From Jesus to Christ

1999 International House of Prayer in Kansas City
begins non-stop 24/7 continual prayer

2006 The Jerusalem Declaration on Christian Zionism, signed by several Christian denominations in
the Middle East, criticizes the doctrine as associating the Gospel with imperialism and militarism

1999, October 31- signing of the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justication between the
Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church

2006 A lm of the Gospel of Judas, a 2nd-century

Gnostic account of Judas discovered in the 1970s, is
shown on TV

1999 Gospel of Jesus Christ - An Evangelical Celebration; a consensus Gospel endorsed by various evangelical leaders including J.I. Packer, John
Ankerberg, Jerry Falwell, Thomas C. Oden, R.C.
Sproul, Wayne Grudem, Charles Swindoll, et al.

2007 The Creation Museum opens in Kentucky,

United States

1999 Radical Orthodoxy Christian theological

movement begins, critiquing modern secularism and
emphasizing the return to traditional doctrine; similar to the Paleo-orthodoxy Christian theological
movement of the late 20th and early 21st centuries,
which sees the consensual understanding of the faith
among the Church Fathers as the basis of Biblical
interpretation and the foundation of the Church

2007, May 17- The Russian Orthodox Church is reunied after 80 years of schism

2000 Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ

founded in schism from Evangelical Lutheran
Church in America (ELCA) over fellowship with the
Episcopal Church (TEC)

2009, August 21- The Minneapolis Churchwide Assembly of the ELCA passes four ministry policy resolutions that will permit clergy in committed homosexual partnerships to be rostered leaders within the
ELCA

2000 Visions of the Virgin Mary are reported in

Assiut, Upper Egypt;[47] phenomena associated to
Mary is reported again in 2006, in a church at the
same location during the Mass.[48] Local Coptic
priests and then the Coptic Orthodox Church of Assiut issue statements in 2000 and 2006 respectively

11

21st century

2007 The American Association of Lutheran

Churches and LCMS declare pulpit and altar fellowship

2008 Conservative Anglicans indicate that they plan

to split from liberal Anglicans in The Jerusalem
Declaration[51]
2009 Damien of Molokai canonized; apostle to lepers

2009 The Rosicrucian Fellowship, an international

association of Esoteric Christian mystics,[52] celebrates the centennial anniversary -- The Fraternity should remain secret one hundred years;[53] the
celebration ceremonies, on August 8 and November 13[54] at Mount Ecclesia, serve the purpose of
heralding the revival of the Christian mystic path of
the Rose Cross.[55][56]

Main article: Christianity in the 21st century

2009 Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly declared Servant of God

2001 The Way of the Master founded

2009 Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian

Conscience is issued, signed by over 150 American
religious leaders

2001 Armenia marks 1,700th anniversary of

Christianity as its state religion (First country to
adopt Christianity as its state religion - Kingdom of
Armenia - 301 AD)
2003 the Mission Province is established in Church
of Sweden: new era for confessional Lutheranism in
Scandinavia
2005 Death of Pope John Paul II, election of Pope
Benedict XVI
2006 World Methodist Council votes unanimously
to adopt the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of
Justication (July 18).[49][50]

2009 Dr. Frederick Eikerenkoetter (Reverend Ike),

a pioneering prosperity preacher, dies
2010 Lutheran CORE creates North American
Lutheran Church in schism from the ELCA
2010, October 31- Attack on Baghdad church results
in 52 deaths[57]
2011, January 1- A church in Alexandria, Egypt is
bombed, killing 21 people, mostly Christians
2011 Martyrdom of Shahbaz Bhatti, Pakistani
politician and the only Christian elected member of
the National Assembly, who was an outspoken critic
of Pakistans blasphemy laws

23
2013, March- Pope Francis, an Argentinean, becomes the rst non-European pope in modern times

12

Sources

World Almanac and Book of Facts

Academic American Encyclopedia (on Compuserve)
Websters New Collegiate Dictionary
English Versions of the Bible by John Berchmans
Dockery O.F.M.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Biblical Chronology

13

See also

Christ myth theory

Chronology of the Bible
Great Church
History of ancient Israel and Judah
Timeline of Christian Missions
Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church

14

External links

Christian History Project Online Version of the 12Volume Popular History Series 'The Christians :
Their First Two Thousand Years, Sponsored by the
Society to Explore and Record Christian History
OrthodoxWiki: Timeline of Church History (from
the Orthodox POV)
St. Ignatius Church: Timeline (from the Orthodox
POV)
Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (Before A.D. 71)
Missions time line - Important events, locations,
people and movements in World Evangelism

15

Footnotes

[1] H.H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard

University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 246:
When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6
CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted
into a Roman province under the name Iudaea.

[2] John P. Meier's A Marginal Jew, v. 1, ch. 11; also H.H.

Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 251: But
after the rst agitation (which occurred in the wake of the
rst Roman census) had faded out, we no longer hear of
bloodshed in Judea until the days of Pilate.
[3] Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Tiberius 36;
Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under
Tiberius: The Jewish deputation which petitioned for the deposition of the royal house of the
Idumeans was joined by 8,000 Jewish residents of
Rome. Several Romans adopted Jewish customs,
and some, as the rhetor Cilicius of Kalakte, a friend
of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, even embraced Judaism (Mller, Fragmenta Historicorum Grcorum, iii. 331). The reign of Tiberius (until the
removal of his minister Sejanus) was fraught with
misfortune for the Jews. When the cult of Isis was
driven out of Rome (19 CE.) the Jews also were expelled, because a Roman lady who inclined toward
Judaism had been deceived by Jewish swindlers.
The synagogues were closed, the vessels burned,
and 4,000 Jewish youths were sent upon military
service to Sardinia. After the death of Sejanus (31)
the emperor allowed the Jews to return.";
Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson (and Abraham Malamat
contributor) A History of the Jewish People, Harvard
University Press, 1976, ISBN 978-0674397316,
page 288 quote: Explicit evidence of a systematic
attempt to propagate the Jewish faith in the city of
Rome is found as early as 139 BCE. With the increase of the Jewish population of Rome, the Jews
intensied their eorts to make converts among the
Romans. Although the activity of Jewish missionaries in Roman society caused Tiberius to expel
them from that city in 19 CE, they soon returned,
and Jewish religious propaganda was resumed and
maintained even after the destruction of the Temple. Tacitus mentions it regretfully (Histories 5.5),
and Juvenal, in his Fourteenth Satire (11. 96.), describes how Roman families 'degenerated' into Judaism: the fathers permitted themselves to adopt
some of its customs and the sons became Jews in every respect. ... [last sentence of next paragraph:] In addition,
the Bible provided the apostles of Judaism with a
literature unparalleled in any other religion.
[4] G. J. Goldberg. John the Baptist and Josephus. Retrieved 2006-08-16.
[5] H.H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, The
Crisis Under Gaius Caligula, pages 254-256: The reign
of Gaius Caligula (37-41) witnessed the rst open break
between the Jews and the Julio-Claudian empire. Until
then if one accepts Sejanus' heyday and the trouble
caused by the census after Archelaus banishment there
was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the
Jews and the empire ... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligulas reign, and, though after his death
the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ... Caligula ordered that

24

15 FOOTNOTES

a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in

Jerusalem. ... Only Caligulas death, at the hands of
Roman conspirators (41), prevented the outbreak of a
Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East.
[6] A. J. MAAS (2003). Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ.
Retrieved January 23, 2006. Walter Bauer's et al. GreekEnglish Lexicon of the New Testament, 1979, under Christos notes: as a personal name; the Gentiles must have
understood Christos in this way to them it seemed very
much like Chrestos [even in pronunciation ...], a name that
is found in lit.
[7] Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Claudius XXV.4;
Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under Tiberius:
"... in 49-50, in consequence of dissensions among them
regarding the advent of the Messiah, they were forbidden
to hold religious services. The leaders in the controversy,
and many others of the Jewish citizens, left the city.
[8] Catholic Encyclopedia: Judaizers see section titled: THE
INCIDENT AT ANTIOCH
[9] Cumming, John (1998). Butlers Lives of the Saints. Collgeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. p. 24
[10] Pauline Chronology: His Life and Missionary Work, from
Catholic Resources by Felix Just, S.J.
[11] Sta Reporter. "More studies needed at Pattanam". The
Hindu. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[12] stthoma.com. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[13] In the earliest extant manuscript containing Annales
15:44, the second Medicean, the e in Chrestianos,
Chrestians, has been changed into an i; cf. Gerd Theien,
Annette Merz, Der historische Jesus: ein Lehrbuch, 2001,
p. 89. The reading Christianos, Christians, is therefore
doubtful.
[14] Jewish Encyclopedia: Fiscus Iudaicus, Suetoniuss Domitian XII: Besides other taxes, that on the Jews [A tax
of two drachmas a head, imposed by Titus in return for
free permission to practice their religion; see Josephus,
Bell. Jud. 7.6.6] was levied with the utmost rigor, and
those were prosecuted who, without publicly acknowledging that faith, yet lived as Jews, as well as those who concealed their origin and did not pay the tribute levied upon
their people [These may have been Christians, whom the
Romans commonly assumed were Jews]. I recall being
present in my youth when the person of a man ninety
years old was examined before the procurator and a very
crowded court, to see whether he was circumcised.
[15] Wylen, Stephen M., The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An
Introduction, Paulist Press (1995), ISBN 0-8091-36104, Pp 190-192.; Dunn, James D.G., Jews and Christians:
The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), ISBN 0-8028-4498-7, Pp 3334.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J &
Talbert, Richard John Alexander, The Romans: From Village to Empire, Oxford University Press (2004), ISBN 019-511875-8, p. 426.;

[16] Jewish Encyclopedia: Tarfon: R. arfon was extremely

bitter against those Jews who had been converted to the
new faith; and he swore that he would burn every book of
theirs which should fall into his hands (Shab. 116a), his
feeling being so intense that he had no scruples against destroying the Gospels, although the name of God occurred
frequently in them.
[17] ANTITHESIS. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[18] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dionysius. Retrieved
14 March 2015.
[19] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius (3rd Century)".
Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[20] ANF05. Fathers of the Third Century: Hippolytus,
Cyprian, Caius, Novatian, Appendix. Retrieved 14
March 2015.
[21] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Monarchians. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[22] Richard McBrien The Church (New York: HarperOne,
2008) 390
[23] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lapsi. Retrieved 14
March 2015.
[24] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Eusebius.
Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[25] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Synods of Arles.
Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[26] NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life
of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[27] The Canon Debate, McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002,
pages 414-415
[28] Rapp, Stephen H., Jr (2007). 7 - Georgian Christianity.
The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. John
Wiley & Sons. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4443-3361-9. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
[29] The Seventh Arian Confession. Retrieved 14 March
2015.
[30] Theodosian Code XVI.1.2 Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions by Paul Halsall, June 1997, Fordham University, retrieved September 25, 2006; Theodosian Code XVI.1.2; Catholic Encyclopedia: Theodosius I: In February, 380, he and Gratian published the
famous edict that all their subjects should profess the faith
of the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria (Cod. Theod.,
XVI, I, 2; Sozomen, VII, 4).
[31] Evagrius Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History (AD431594), translated by E. Walford (1846). Introduction. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[32] Paul Moses, Mission Improbable: St. Francis and the
Sultan Commonweal 25 September 2009, 16.
[33] The Rosicrucian Fellowship: The Rosicrucian Interpretation of Christianity

25

[34] Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, XXX: Knight Kadosh,
p. 822, 1872
[35] Ren Gunon, El Esoterismo de Dante, p. 5-6, 14, 15-16,
18-23, 1925
[36] Manly Palmer Hall, The Secret Teachings of All Ages: The
Fraternity of The Rose Cross, p. 139, 1928
[37] NOMBRE DE DIOS Mission in Spanish La Florida.
Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[38] (What think you, loving people, and how seem you affected, seeing that you now understand and know, that
we acknowledge ourselves truly and sincerely to profess
Christ, condemn the Pope, addict ourselves to the true
Philosophy, lead a Christian life (...)".
[39] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Evangelical Church.
Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[40] Beauraing 1932. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[41] The Lady of All Nations - Family of Mary. Retrieved
14 March 2015.
[42] Messages of Our Lady at Akita Japan. Retrieved 14
March 2015.
[43] PMCC 4th Watch - Pentecostal Missionary CHURCH
OF CHRIST (4th Watch)". PMCC (4th Watch). Retrieved
14 March 2015.
[44] APPROVED APPARITIONS: Our Lady of Kibeho This
was an ominious foreshadowing of the Rwanda Genocide
of 1994.
[45] Evangelicals and Catholics Together.
March 2015.

Retrieved 14

[46] Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, Inc. Retrieved 14

March 2015.
[47] Independent Online - South Africa, Virgin Mary 'appears
over Egyptian church', August 31, 2000
[48] Holy Lights in Assiut: Apparition in Assiut: Eyewitness
Account, Upper Egypt March/April 2006
[49] Joan G. LaBarr, United Methodist Church, World
Methodists approve further ecumenical dialogue
[50] CNS STORY: Methodists adopt Catholic-Lutheran declaration on justication. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
[51] Schism - By Travis Kavulla - The Corner - National Review Online
[52] Cf. years 1909-1911 and 1920 in the 20th century section
[53] Cf. Fama Fraternitatis. 1614
[54] Note: Centennial anniversary (on November 13, 2009) of
the publication of The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception or
Mystic Christianity
[55] Cf. year 1313 in the Renaissance section and years 1614
to 1616 in the 17th century section

[56] Rosicrucian revival. The San Diego Union-Tribune. August 2009

[57] Eyewitness: Baghdad church siege.

26

16

16
16.1

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Timeline of Christianity Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity?oldid=679417765 Contributors: Wesley, LA2,

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Thane, NawlinWiki, Veledan, Grafen, Akma, Welsh, Irishguy, Johndarrington, Dmoss, Aldux, Evrik, Lumaga, Tomisti, Wknight94, Pegship, Tmallon, FF2010, Deville, Peyna, Curpsbot-unicodify, Ybbor, Jade Knight, Jbull, KnightRider~enwiki, SmackBot, Britannicus, PiCo,
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(renamed because of SUL), BrownHairedGirl, John, J 1982, CenozoicEra, ManiF, Ekrub-ntyh, Yaddar, Neddyseagoon, Epiphyllumlover,
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