Smithsonian American Art Museum

MINORITY ARTIST BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES

African-Americans
Asian-American/Pacific Islander
Hearing Impaired
Hispanic
Native Americans Indians & Alaskan natives
Women
African-American
The African-American Index. Athens, GA: Black Resource Center, 1991
African and African American Resources at the Smithsonian. Washington, DC:
Smithsonian Institution, 1996
American Resources: Selected Works of African American Artists. New York: Bernice
Steinbaum Gallery, 1989
The Barnett-Aden Collection. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press for the
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, 1974
Black Art: Ancestral Legacy: The African Impulse in African-American Art. Dallas:
Dallas Museum of Art, 1989
Black Arts Annual. New York: Garland Pub., 1989Black Biography 1790-1950: A Cumulative Index. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey,
1991
Black Women in America: an Historical Encyclopedia. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Pub.,
1993
Bontemps, Arna Alexander. Forever Free: Art by African-American Women.
Alexandria, VA: Stepheson Inc., 1980

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Brelin, Christa, and William C. Matney, Jr. Who's Who Among Black Americans 19921993. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1992
Cederholm, Theresa Dickason. Afro-American Artists, A Bio-bibliographical Directory.
Boston: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 1992
Coar, Valencia Hollins. A Century of Black Photographers: 1840-1960. Providence, RI:
Rhode Island School of Design: Museum of Art, 1983
Contemporary Afro-American Photography. Oberlin, OH: Oberlin College, Allen
Memorial Art Museum, 1983
Davis, Lenwood G., and Janet L. Sims. Black Artists in the United States: An Annotated
Bibliography of Books, Articles, and Dissertations on Black Artists, 1779-1979.
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980
Directions in Afro-American Art. Ithaca, NY: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art,
Cornell University, 1974
Driskell, David C. Two Centuries of Black American Art. Los Angeles: Los Angeles
County Museum of Art and Alfred A. Knopf, 1976
Fromenhaft, Eleanor. Celebrating Contemporary American Black Artists. Hempstead,
NY: Fine Arts Museum of Long Island, 1983
Furtaw, Julia C. Black Americans Information Directory 1992-1993. Detroit: Gale
Research Inc., 1992
Gumbo Ya Ya: Anthology of Contemporary African-American Women Artists. New
York: Midmarch Art Press, 1995
Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America. New York: The Studio Museum in Harlem,
1987
Hedgepeth, Chester M., Jr. Twentieth Century African-American Writers & Artists.
Chicago: American Library Association, 1991
Hollis, Sara. Afro-American Artists, A Handbook. PhD diss., Atlanta University,
1985
Igoe, Lynn Moody, and James Igoe. 250 Years of Afro-American Art: An Annotated
Bibliography. New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1991
The International Review of African American Art. Santa Monica, CA: Museum of
African American Art, 1984

Smithsonian American Art Museum

LaFalle-Collins, Lizetta. 19 Sixties: A Cultural Awakening Re-evaluated 1965-1975.

Los Angeles: California Afro-American Museum Foundation, 1989
Lippard, Lucy R. Mixed Blessings/New Art in a Multicultural America. New York:
Pantheon Books, 1990
Matney, William C., ed. Who's Who Among Black Americans, 2nd ed. 1977-1978.
Northbrook, IL: Who's Who Among Black Americans, Inc. Pub. Co., 1978
McElroy, Guy C. African-American Artists, 1880-1987: Selections from the EvansTibbs Collection. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service, 1989
Menkes, Diana. The Papers of African American Artists. Washington, DC: Smithsonian
Institution, Archives of American Art, 1989
Morrison, Keith. Art in Washington & Its Afro-American Presence 1940-1970.
Washington, DC: Washington Project for the Arts, 1985
Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne. Viewfinders: Black Women Photographers. New York,
Dodd, Mead & Company, 1986
The Negro Artist Comes of Age: A National Survey of Contemporary American Artists.
Albany, NY: Albany Institute of History and Art, 1945
New Black Artists. New York: Harlem Cultural Council and the School of the Arts and
the Urban Center of Columbia University, 1969
Next Generation: Southern Black Aesthetic. Winston-Salem, NC: Southeastern Center
for Contemporary Art, 1990
Ohio African-American Artists Showcase 1986. Wilberforce, OH: Central State
University, 1986
Parry, Ellwood. Image of the Indian and Black Man in American Art 1590-1900. New
York: George Braziller, 1974
Perry, Regenia A. Selections of Nineteenth-Century Afro-American Art. New York:
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976
Ploski, Harry A., and James Williams. The Negro Almanac: a Reference Work on the
African-American. 5th ed. Detroit: Gale, c.1989
Powell, Richard J. African and Afro-American Art: Call and Response. Chicago: Field
Museum of Natural History, 1984

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Reflections of a Southern Heritage: 20th Century Black Artists of the Southeast.

Charleston, SC: Gibbes Art Gallery, 1977
Reynolds, Gary A. Against the Odds: African-American Artists & the Harmon
Foundation. Newark, NJ: Newark Museum, 1989
Ritual and Myth: A Survey of African-American Art. New York: Studio Museum in
Harlem, 1982
Rollock, Barbara. Black Authors & Illustrators of Children's Books. New York: Garland
Press, 1992
Since the Harlem Renaissance: 50 Years of African American Artists. Lewisburg, PA:
The Center Gallery of Bucknell University, 1985
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale Research Inc.,
1992
St. James guide to Black artists. Detroit: St. James Press, c.1997
Thomas, Floyd R., Jr. Cultural Conservation Through the Preservation of Material
Culture--the Representation of Black American Artists in "Mainstream" Museums. PhD
diss., University of Kansas, 1989. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International,
1991
Weems, John Edwards. Black Art in Houston: The Texas Southern University
Experience: Presenting the Art of Biggers, Simms and their Students. College Station,
TX: Texas A & M University Press, 1978
West Coast 74: Black Image. Sacramento, CA: Crocker Art Gallery Association and E.
B. Crocker Art Gallery, 1974
Who's Who Among Black Americans. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1975/76Willis, Deborah. Reflections in Black: a History of Black Photographers, 1840 to the
Present. 1st ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000
Willis-Thomas, Deborah. Black Photographers, 1840-1940: An Illustrated
Biobibliography. New York: Garland Pub., 1985
Asian-American and Pacific Islanders
Artist of Chinese Origin in North America Directory. First edition 19931994.
Westmont, IL: Artists Magazine, Intl. Institute for the Arts: Point Gallery, c.1993

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Backus, Karen, and Julia C. Furtaw, eds. Asian Americans Information Directory: A
Guide to Organizations, Agencies, Institutions, Programs, Publications and Services
Concerned with Asian American Nationalities and Ethnic Groups in the United States.
Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1992
Brown, Michael D. Views from Asian California, 1920-1965. San Francisco: Michael
Brown, 1992
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Arts & Media, Inc., c.1992
Haar, Francis, and Pritwish Neogy. Artists of Hawaii. Honolulu: The University Press of
Hawaii, 1974
Haar, Francis. Artists of Hawaii. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii, 1977
Haseltine, Patricia. East & Southeast Asian material culture in North America:
collections, historical sites and festivals. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989
Lippard, Lucy. Mixed Blessings/New Art in a Multicultural America. New York:
Pantheon Books, 1990
Radford, Georgia, and Warren Radford. Sculpture in the Sun: Hawaii Art for Open
Spaces. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1978
Tsutakawa, Mayumi. They painted from their hearts: pioneer Asian American artists.
Washington, DC: Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1994
Who's Who Among Asian Americans. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994
Deaf/Hearing Impaired Artists
Deaf Artists of America. Artists Directory. Rochester, NY: Deaf Artists of America,
Inc., 1990Sonnenstrahl, Deborah M. Deaf Artists in America: colonial to contemporary. San
Diego, CA: DawnSignPress, c.2002
Hispanic
Barnitz, Jacqueline, et al. Latin American Artist in New York Since 1970. Austin, TX:
Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, The University of Texas at Austin, 1987
Beardsley, John, and Jane Livingston. Hispanic Art in the United States: Thirty
Contemporary Painters & Sculptors. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1987

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Cancel, Luis, et al. The Latin American Spirit: Art & Artists in the United States, 19201970. New York: Harry N. Abrams and Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1988
Castagno, John. Latin American Artists' Signatures and Monograms. Lanham, MD:
Scarecrow Press, 1997
The Cross and the Sword. San Diego, CA: Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, 1976
Espinosa, Jose Edmundo. Saints in the Valleys. Albuquerque, NM: University of New
Mexico Press, 1960
Expresiones Hispanas 88/89. Golden, CO: Adolph Coors Company, 1988
Fuentes-Perez, Ileana, et al. Outside of Cuba/Fuera de Cuba. Miami: Office of Hispanic
Art and Research, 1984
Furtaw, Julica C. Hispanic American Information Directory 1992-1993. Detroit: Gale
Research Inc., 1992
Goldman, Shifra M., and Tomas Ybarra-Frausto. Arte Chicano, a comprehensive
bibliography of Chicano Art, 1965-1981. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1985
Griswold del Castillo, Richard, et al. Chicano Art: A Comprehensive Annotated
Bibliography of Chicano Art, 1965-1981. Berkeley, CA: Chicano Studies Library,
University of California at Berkeley, 1985
Henkes, Robert. Latin American Women Artist of the United States: the works of 33
Twentieth-Century Women. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999
Hispanic-American Almanac: A Reference Work on Hispanics in the United States. lst
ed. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., c.1993
Jasper, Pat, and Kay Turner. Art Among Us/Arte entre Nosotros. San Antonio, TX: San
Antonio Museum of Art, 1986
Kosiba-Vargas, S. Zaneta. Harry Gamoa and ASCO: The Emergence and Development
of a Chicano Art Group, 1971-1987. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms
International, 1988
Lockpez, Inverna. Chicano Expressions: A New View in American Art. New York:
INTAR Latin American Gallery, 1986
Lugo-Saavedra, Denise, and John Spray. Aqui: 27 Latin American Artists Living &
Working in the United States. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 1984

Smithsonian American Art Museum

McCabe, Cynthia Jaffee. Contemporary Immigrant Artists. New York: Independent

Curators Incorporated, 1985
Meier, Matt S. Mexican American Biographies, A Historical Dictionary 1836-1987.
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988
The Papers of Latino & Latin American Artists. Washington, DC: Archives of American
Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1996
Partch, Elizabeth, et al. Body/Culture: Chicano Figuration. Ronhert Park, CA:
University Art Gallery, Sonoma State University, 1990
Puerto, Cecilia. Latin American Women Artists, Kahlo and Look Who Else: a Selective
Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996
Quirarte, Jacinto. Mexican-American Artists. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press,
1973
Raices Antiguas/Visiones Nuevas=Ancient Roots/New Visions. Tucson, AZ: Tucson,
Museum of Art, 1977
Raices y Visiones/Roots and Visions. Washington, DC: National Collection of Fine Arts,
Smithsonian Institution, 1977
Sanjurjo, Annick, ed. Contemporary Latin American Artists: Exhibitions at the
Organization of American States, 1941-1964. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997
Sanjurjo, Annick, ed. Contemporary Latin American Artists: Exhibitions at the
Organization of American States, 1965-1985. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997
Telgen, Diane, and Jim Kemp, eds. Notable Hispanic American Women. Detroit: Gale
Research Inc., 1993
Vargas, George. Contemporary Latino Art in Michigan, the Midwest and the Southwest.
Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1988
Who's Who Among Hispanic Americans. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1991
Wroth, William. Christian Images in Hispanic New Mexico. Colorado Springs, CO:
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Taylor Museum, 1982
Worth, William. Images of Penance Images of Mercy. Norman, OK: University of
Oklahoma Press, 1991

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Native American
Archuleta, Margaret and Rennard Strickland. Shared Visions: Native American Painters
and Sculptors in the Twentieth Century. Phoenix, AZ: The Heard Museum, 1991
Baca, Elmo & Suznne Deats. Santa Fe Design. Lincolnwood, IL: Publications
International, Ltd., 1900
Broder, Patricia Janis. American Indian Painting & Sculpture. New York: Abbeville
Press, c.1981
Brody, J. J. Indian Painters & White Patrons. Albuquerque, NM: University of New
Mexico Press, 1971
Brumble III, H. David. An Annotated Bibliography of American Indian and Eskimo
Autobiographies. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1981
Contemporary Native Art of Alaska from the Collection of the Anchorage Historical and
Fine Arts Museum. Anchorage, AK: Anchorage Historical and Fine Arts Museum, 1979
Dawdy, Doris. Annotated bibliography of American Indian Painting. New York:
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1968
Dunn, Dorothy. American Indian Painting of the Southwest & Plains Area.
Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, 1968
Ewers, John C. Plains Indian Sculpture: A Traditional Art from America's Heartland.
Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986
The Extension of Tradition: Contemporary California Native Americans. Sacramento,
CA: Crocker Art Museum, c.1985
Feder, Norman. American Indian Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971
Gray, Philip Howard. A Directory of Eskimo Artists in Sculpture and Prints. Bozeman,
MT: Gray Pub., 1974
Highwater, Jamake. Arts of the Indian Americas, Leaves from the Sacred Tree. New
York: Harper & Row, 1983
Institute of American Indian Arts Alumni Exhibition. Fort Worth, TX: Amon Carter
Museum of Western Art, 1973
Klein, Barry T. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. 5th ed. West Nyack,
NY: Todd Publications, 1990

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Lippard, Lucy. Mixed Blessings/New Art in a Multicultural America. New York:

Pantheon Books, 1990
Marshall, Ann E. The Heard Museum: History and Collections. Phoenix, AZ: Heard
Museum, 1985
Medina, Danny. Arizona Galleries and their Artists. Phoenix, AZ: Dandick Co., 1982
Monthan, Guy & Doris Monthan. Art and the Indian Individualist. Flagstaff, AZ:
Northland Press, n.d.
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Evergreen State College, 1986
Parezo, Nancy J., et al. Southwest Native American Arts and Material Culture: A Guide
to Research. New York: Garland Pub., 1991
Reno, Dawn E. Contemporary Native American Artists. Brooklyn, NY: Alliance
Publishing, Inc., 1995
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Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1968
St. James guide to native North American artists. Detroit: St. James Press, c.1998.
Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York: Facts on File,
c.1988
Women
A View of her Own: Images of Women by Women Artists. Grinell, IA: Grinnell College,
1987
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Institute, 1976
American Women Artists. New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, 1984
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Sciences, 1972
Anderson, Janet. Women in the Fine Arts: A Bibliography and Illustration Guide.
Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1991
Becket, Wendy. Contemporary Women Artists. New York: Universe Books, 1988

Smithsonian American Art Museum

Blum, June. Women's Art: Miles Apart. Orlando, FL: Valencia Community College,
1982
Conklin, Jo Anne. The Louise Noun Collection: Art by Women. Iowa City, IA:
University of Iowa Museum of Art, 1990
Contemporaries, 17 Artists. Los Angeles: Pacific Security Bank, 1980
Contemporary Art by Women of Color. San Antonio, TX: The Guadalupe Arts Center
and the Instituto Cultural Mexicano, 1990
Doumato, Lamia. Architecture & Women: A Bibliography, Documenting Women
Architects, Landscape Architects, Designers, Architectural Critics and Writers and
Women in Related Fields Working in the United States. New York: Garland Pub., 1988
Diversity and Presence: Women Faculty Artists of the University of California.
Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside, 1987
Dunford, Penny. A Biographical Dictionary of Women Artists in Europe and American
Since 1850. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989
Faxon, Alicia, and Sylvia Moore. Pilgrims and Pioneers: New England Women in the
Arts. New York: Midmarch Arts Press, 1987
Gumbo Ya Ya: Anthology of Contemporary African-American Women Artists. New
York: Midmarch Art Press, 1995
Heller, Jules, and Nancy Heller. North American Women Artists of the Twentieth
Century. New York: Garland Pub., 1995
Hendricks, Patricia D. A Century of Sculpture in Texas, 1889-1989. Austin, TX:
University of Texas at Austin, 1989
Henkes, Robert. Latin American Women Artist of the United States: the works of 33
Twentieth-Century Women. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999
Invisible/Visible: Twenty-one Artists. Long Beach, CA: Long Beach Museum of Art,
1972
Kovinick, Phil. The Women Artists in the American West 1860-1960. Fullerton, CA:
Muckenthaler Cultural Center, c.1976
Lippard, Lucy. From the Center: Feminist Essays on Women's Art. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co. Inc., 1976

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Marling, Karal Anne, and Helen A. Harrison. 7 American Women: The Depression
Decade. Poughkeepsie, NY: Vassar College Art Gallery, 1976
Moore, Sylvia. Yesterday and Tomorrow: California Women Artists. New York:
Midmarch Arts Press, 1989
Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne. Viewfinders: Black Women Photographers. New York,
Dodd, Mead & Company, 1986
Munsterberg, Hugo. A History of Women Artists. New York: Clarkson N. Potter Inc.,
1975
Petteys, Chris, et al. Dictionary of Women Artists. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1985
Prather-Moses, Alice Irma, comp. The International Directory of Women Workers in the
Decorative Arts: A Historical Survey from the Distant Past to the Early Decades of the
Twentieth Century. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1981
Preato, Robert R. The Genius of the Fair Muse: Painting and Sculpture Celebrating
American Women Artists 1875 to 1945. New York: Grand Central Galleries, 1987
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Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996
Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer. American Women Sculptors: A History of Women
Working in Three Dimensions. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990
Significant Colorado Women Artists. Washington, DC: National Museum of Women in
the Arts, 1988
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale Research Inc.,
1992
The Society of Women Artists Exhibitors, 1855-1996: a Dictionary of Artists and their
Works in the Annual Exhibitions of the Society of Women Artists. Calne, Wiltshire,
England: Hilmarton Manor Press, 1996
The State of Upstate: New York Women Artists. Washington, DC: National Museum of
Women in the Arts, 1989
Telgen, Diane, and Jim Kemp, eds. Notable Hispanic American Women. Detroit: Gale
Research Inc., 1993
Tufts, Eleanor. American Women Artists 1830-1930. Washington, DC: The National
Museum of Women in the Arts, 1987

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Views by Women Artists: Sixteen Independently Curated Theme Shows. New York:
New York Chapter of the Women's Caucus for Art, 1982
WARM: A Landmark Exhibition. Minneapolis, MN: Women's Art Registry of
Minnesota, 1984
Watson-Jones, Virginia. Contemporary American Women Sculptors. Phoenix, AZ:
Oryx Press, 1986
Withers, Josephine. Women Artists in Washington Collections. College Park, MD: The
Gallery, 1979
Women. Winston Salem, NC: Salem Fine Arts Center, 1972
Women Artists: A Checklist of Works in the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Collection. Washington, DC: Women's Program of the Smithsonian Institution, 1979
Women Artists, here & now. South Bend, IN: The University of Notre Dame, 1986
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The Mead Art Museum, 1980
Women in Art. Postdam, NY: Art Gallery, Brained Hall, State University College, 1989
Women of Photography, An Historical Survey. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of
Art, 1975

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