PHYSICS PROJECT

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

DHRUV KUMAR
12TH SCIENCE
2015-16

CONTENTS
AIM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CERTIFICATE
THEORY
DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

AIM
TO BUILD A MODEL ON A FULL
WAVE RECTIFIER AND
UNDERSTAND ITS WORKING.

Acknowledgment
I would like to express my
sincere gratitude and thanks to
my physics teancher sonso,
whose invaluable guidance
,constant
encouragment,constructive and
positive attitude, and immense
motivation sustained my efforts
at all stages of this project.I
would also like to express my
sincerest gratitude to the lab
incharche for their support
during the making of this
project.

CERTIFICATE
this is to certify that this project is
tthe bonafide work of DHRUV
KUMAR of class
XII-B in the physics lab during the
academic year 2015-16 .
This project was carried by him
under my guidance and
supervision and was completed to
my satisfaction.

Lecturer physics
The bhavanss prominent
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
A rectifier is an electrical device that
converts alternating current which
periodically reverses direction to direct
current which flows in one direction.
The process is known as
rectification.physically,rectifiers take a
number of forms ,including vacuum tube
diodes ,mercury arc valves,copper and
seleniumoxide rectifiers ,semiconductor
diodes and other silicon based
semiconductor switches

Full wave rectification:

A full wave rectifier converts the whole of
the input waveform to one of constant
polarity at its output.full wave rectification
converts both polarity of the input
waveformto pulsating dc and yeilds a higher
averege output voltage.two diodes and a
centre tapped transformer or four diodes in

a bridge configurationand any ac source are

needed.single semiconductor diodes ,double
diodes with common cathodes or common
anode and four diode bridges are
manufactured as single components.

Graetz bridge rectifier:a full wave rectifier

using 4 diodes.
Twice as many turns are required on the
transformersecondary to obtain the same
output voltage than for a bridge rectifier
,but the power rating is unchanged .

To remove the ripple effect of rectified

output, filter circuit isused.filter circiut may
consist of consist of capacitor or inductor or
combination of both .filter circiut may
consist of capacitor or inductor or
combination of both.filter circuit has been
shown below:

THE CIRCUIT USING TWO DIODES GIVE

OUTPUT RECTIFIED VOLTAGE
CORRESPONDING TO BOTH THE POSITIVE AS
WELL AS NEGATIVE HALF OF THE AC
CYCLE .HENCE,IT IS KNOWN as full wave
rectifier.here the p side of the two diodes
are connected to the ends of the secondary
of the transformer.
The n side of the diodes are connected
together and the output is taken between
this common point of diodes and the
midpoint of the secondary of the
transformer.so for a full wave rectifier the
secondary of the transformer is provided

with a centre tapping and so it is called the

centre tap transformer.
The voltage rectified by each diode is only
half the total sceondary voltage .each diode
rectifies for only half the cycle but to do so
for alternate cycles.
Thus the output between their common
termi als and the centre tap of the
transformer becomes a full wave rectifier
output.
Suppose the input A with respect to the
centre tap at any instant is positive.It is
clear that at that instant voltage at B being
out of phase will be negative.so diode d1
gets forward bias and conducts .hence
during this positive half cycle we get an
output current.
In the course of the ac cycle when the
voltage at a becomes negative with respect
to centre tap the voltage at b would be
positive .in this part of the cycle diode d1
would not conduct butdiode d2 would giving
an output current and output voltage during
the negative half cycle of the ac input.

The rectified voltage is in the form of pulses

of the shape of half sinusoids. Though it is
unidirectional it does not have a steady
value .to get steady dc outputfrom the
pulsating voltage normally a capacitor is
connected across the output terminals.one
can also use an inductor in serires with rl for
the same purpose
One can also use an inductor in series with rl
for the same purpose.

Circuit
Diagram

PRACTICAL

PROCEDURE
Arrange and fix all the
materials according to the
circuit diagrams and label
everything properly.attach a
small led bulb at the output.

Connect the input wire to an

power source and turn the
switch on.

RESULT
The bulb glows steadily.

Conclussion

When used in a power supply

the full wave rectifier allows us
to convert almost all the ac
power to dc .
The two diodes are connected
in such a way that one diode
conducts during one half of the
input voltage and the other one
conducts during the next half
the cycle.thus the led bulb
lights up.(and does not flicker).

PRECAUTION
Use a hard cardboard as the
platform.

The components should not be

subjected to excessive heat
production
Cojoin the wires carefully
Dealing with electrical
appliance should be done under
adult supervision

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.circuitstoday.com
http://www.hyperphysics.phy.com