STATIC EQUIPMENT SECTION

TANK LOADING DATA

Basic Concepts

INTER DISCIPLINE TRAINING

August 20, 2009

OBJECTIVE
To understand the different factors
affecting tank loading
To learn the basic philosophy in analyzing
the different loadings in the tank

Interface with Civil to Produce Loading

Data
Basic Data
a. Wind Speed
b. Wind Zone
c. Site Class
d. Ss / S1
CIVIL

STATIC
Mechl D/S &
Loading Data

Typical Tank L/D Output

Empty Weight without Insulation

WE = Empty weight without insulation, (Ton)
= Bottom plate wt. + Shell plate wt. +
Roof plate wt. + Wind girder wt. +
Appurtenance wt.
Roof Plate
Wind Girder
Appurtenance
Shell Plate

Bottom Plate

Total Weight
WT = Total weight, (Ton)
= Empty wt. w/o insulation, WE +
Insulation wt. + Liquid operating wt.
Roof Plate
Wind Girder
Shell Plate

HLL

Insulation

Bottom Plate

Appurtenance

Horizontal Force by Wind

FW = Horizontal force due to wind, (Ton)

FWR

FWs

Note:
a) FWR or FWS is the wind horizontal force
w/c is the wind pressure at a certain height
multiply by the projected area normal to
wind.
b) FW varies depending on the project
(i.e. constant wind pressure or varying wind
pressure)

FW = FWR + FWS
= qz x G x Cf x Af ---> NSCP 5th ed, 2001

Overturning Moment by Wind

MW = Overturning moment due to wind,
(Ton-m)
FWR

h2

FWs
h1

MW

MW = (FWS x h1) + (FWR x h2)

Horizontal Force by Earthquake

FE = Horizontal force due to earthquake,
(Ton)
= Seismic base shear V (API 650, App.E)
HLL

FE (V)

API 650, Appendix E Method:

V = sqrt (Vi2 + Vc2)
Where:
Vi = Ai * WT
Vc = Ac * Wc
Ai = impulsive design response spectrum acc.
Ac = convective des. response spectrum acc.
WT = total tank wt. including operating liquid
Wc = sloshing liquid wt.

Overturning Moment by Earthquake

Shell Pressure
MP = Overturning moment by earthquake
shell pressure, (Ton-m)
= Ringwall or slab moment (API 650,
App. E)
API 650, Appendix E Method:
MP = sqrt [(Vi * Xi)2 + (Vc * Xc)2]
Where:
Vi = impulsive base shear
Vc = convective base shear
Xi, Xc = moment arms

Overturning Moment by Earthquake

Bottom Pressure
MPB = Overturning moment by earthquake
bottom pressure, (Ton-m)
Note: This is a Japanese caln method (i.e.
Shoubou Hou Tokutei Okugai). This method
is related to DW1 (bottom plate pressure) at
earthquake condition.

Overturning Moment by Earthquake

ME = Total Overturning moment by
earthquake, (Ton-m)
ME = MP + MPB

ME

Increased Line Load

T = Increased line load by overturning
moment due to earthquake shell
pressure, (Ton/m)
T = MP / (pi * D2 / 4)
where:
D = tank inside diameter

Pressure at Base Plate, DW1

----4

----3

----2

----1

----6
----7

----5

@ Operating Condition (Liquid Height = HLL):

1. Empty @ No Pressure:

DW1 = Bottom plate wt per unit area

2. Full Liquid @ No Pressure:

DW1 = Equation 1 + Static head pressure

3. Empty @ Design Pressure:

DW1 = Equation 1 + Design pressure

4. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure:

DW1 = Equation 2 + Design pressure

= Equation 3 + Static head pressure
@ Hydro & Pneumatic Test (Water Height = Tank Height):
5. Full Liquid @ Test Pressure:

DW1 = Equation 2 + Test pressure

@ Earthquake Condition:
This value is calculated in consideration of
6. Maximum:
vertical acceleration and MPB. Weight of
7. Minimum:
bottom plate and liquid are factors based on
the acceleration.

HLL

DW1

Loads Along the Shell, W1

----4
----9

----3
----8

----2
----7

----1
----6

----5
----10

----11

@ Operating Condition (No Wind):

W1 = [(WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt) *
(1/pi*D)] + [Live Load * (pi*D)]
2. Full Liquid @ No Pressure: W1 = Same as Equation 1
1. Empty @ No Pressure:

3. Empty @ Design Pressure:

W1 = Equation 1 [Design pressure * (pi*D)]

4. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure:

W1 = Same as Equation 3

@ Hydro & Pneumatic Test (No Wind):

5. Full Liquid @ Test Pressure:

Note: Live Load = 1.2 kPa

W1 = [(WE Bottom plate wt) * (1/pi*D)] [Test Pressure * (pi*D)]

W1

W1

Loads Along the Shell, W1 (cont)

----4
----9

----3
----8

----2
----7

----1
----6

----5
----10

----11

@ Operating Condition (Max. Wind):

6. Empty @ No Pressure:

W1 = Equation 1 + [MW / (pi*D2/4)]

7. Full Liquid @ No Pressure:

W1 = Same as Equation 6

8. Empty @ Design Pressure:

W1 = Equation 6 [Design pressure * (pi*D)]

9. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure:

W1 = Same as Equation 8

@ Hydro & Pneumatic Test (50% of Max. Wind):

10. Full Liquid @ Test Pressure:

W1 = Equation 5 + [0.5 * MW / (pi*D2/4)]

@ Earthquake Condition:
11. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure: W1 = Equation 1 +
Increased line load, T [Live Load * (pi*D)]

W1

W1

Loads on Anchor Bolts, W2

----4
----9

----3
----8

----2
----7

----1
----6

----5
----10

----11

12---13----

@ Operating Condition (No Wind):

1. Empty @ No Pressure:

W2 = 0 ----> No uplift internal pressure

2. Full Liquid @ No Pressure:

W2 = Same as Equation 1

3. Empty @ Design Pressure: W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt] +

[(Live Load - Uplift due to internal pressure) * (pi*D2/4)]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
4. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure:

W2 = Same as Equation 3

@ Hydro & Pneumatic Test (No Wind):

5. Full Liquid @ Test Pressure: W2 = {[WE Bottom plate wt] [Uplift due to test pressure * (pi*D2/4)]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
Note: 1. If weight resisting uplift is greater than uplift pressure,
W2 is zero.

W2

W2

Loads on Anchor Bolts, W2 (cont)

----4
----9

----3
----8

----2
----7

----1
----6

----5
----10

----11

12---13----

@ Operating Condition (Max. Wind):

6. Empty @ No Pressure: W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt] +
[Live Load * (pi*D2/4)] - [4 * MW / D]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
7. Full Liquid @ No Pressure:

W2 = Same as Equation 6

8. Empty @ Design Pressure: W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt] +

[(Live Load - Uplift due to internal pressure) * (pi*D2/4)]
[4 * MW / D]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
9. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure: W2 = Same as Equation 8
@ Hydro & Pneumatic Test (50% of Max. Wind):
10. Full Liquid @ Test Pressure: W2 = {[WE Bottom plate wt] [Uplift due to test pressure * (pi*D2/4)] - [0.5 * 4 * MW / D]} /
W2
No. of Anchor Bolts

W2

Loads on Anchor Bolts, W2 (cont)

----4
----9

----3
----8

----2
----7

----1
----6

----5
----10

----11

12---13----

@ Earthquake Condition:
11. Full Liquid @ Design Pressure :

W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt]

- [Uplift due to internal pressure * (pi*D2/4)]
- [4 * ME / D]} / No. of Anchor Bolts

@ Uplift for Internal Pressure (API 650, F.7.5):

12. No Wind Condition : W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt]
- [1.25 * Uplift due to test pressure * (pi*D2/4)]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
13. Max. Wind Condition :

W2 = {[WE + Insulation wt Bottom plate wt]

[1.5 * Uplift due to design pressure * (pi*D2/4)]
[4 * MW / D]} / No. of Anchor Bolts
W2

W2