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THERMODYNAMICS

SCIENCE PROJECT

SOLID MATTER EXPANSION

COMPILED BY :

SONYA DEWI PRATIWI (3215 133 245)


DINI RAHMADINI
EKA SUSILOWATI

(3215 133 247)


(3215 133 249)

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS EDUCATION


MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE FACULTY
STATE UNIVERSITY OF JAKARTA

2015
I. INTRODUCTION
Science is very important in life. Especially in thermodynamics, the branch of
physics which concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and
work. One of the subjects discussed related to the heat is expansion. Expansion is the
change of an object that can be increased in length, width, area, or a change in volume
as exposed to heat (heat). The expansion occurs when particle substances are heated
(receiving heat), the particle substances vibrate faster that repel each other and expand
objects. Conversely, when the substance is cooled (remove heat) particles of matter
vibrate weaker so objects closer together and shrink. This expansion can occur in all
forms of substance either solid, liquid, or gas. In solids, expansion is divided into 3
types, which are length expansion, area expansion, and volume expansion.
1. The Purpose of Project
The purposes of the expansion solid matter project are:
to explain the effect of temperature changes on the solid material (metal)
to measure the length expansion coefficient material (metal)
2. The Benefits of Project
This project is done to fulfill the task subjects of thermodynamics. In hope of
providing benefits that can apply the concept of expansion of the objects in our daily
lives after doing this project.
II. MAIN CONTENT
1. Concept and Theory
Based on the type of expansion there are three types:
a. Length Expansion
Length expansion is increasing the length of an object as it receives heat. In the
length expansion, width and thickness values are very small compared with the
value of the length of the object. So, the width and thickness are considered

non-existent. Examples of objects that just experienced a length expansion is


wire. Length expansion of an object is affected by several factors: the initial
length of objects, the length expansion coefficient and large changes in
temperature. Length expansion coefficient of an object itself is influenced by
the type of object or type of material.
Length expansion variety of solid can be observed by Musschenbrock. This
tool discovered that the length expansion of solid depends on three factors:
The initial length (L0): higher number of the initial length makes the

length of expansion greater.


The temperature rise (T): higher number of the temperature rise makes

the greater the length of expansion


The types of materials.
Mathematically the equations used to determine the length of the object after
heated at a certain temperature is:
L = L0 T
b. Area Expansion
The area expansion is added broadest measure of an object as it receives heat.
This expansion occurs on the object that has length and width, while the
thickness is very small and is considered non-existent. The example of objects
that have an area expansion is steel plate with very thin width. As length
expansion, the area expansion is affected by the initial area, broad expansion
coefficient, and temperature changes. Because actually the area expansion is a
length expansion terms of two dimensions, the area expansion coefficient equal
to 2 times of the length expansion coefficient.
The equation used to determine the rise area after expansion is:
A = A0 T
( = 2 )
c. Volume Expansion
The volume expansion is increase the size of the volume of an object as it
receives heat. Volume The expansion occurred in objects that have the length,
width and thickness. Examples of objects that have a volume expansion are a
cube, water and air. Volume is another form of length in 3 dimensions therefore
to determine the volume expansion coefficient equal to 3 times the length
expansion coefficient. Especially for gas, the volume expansion coefficient
equal to 1/273. The equation used to determine the rising volume of the object
is not much different in formulation before. It is only have difference in the
symbol. The formulation of rising volume expansion is:
V = V0 T

( = 3 )
2. Project Tools and Materials
To do this project, we need:
a. Musschenbroek or the expansion of solids simple

b. A power source
c. Temperature
3. Project Steps
The steps to do this project are:
a. Prepare the tools that is required , make sure the condition is in good
condition .
b. Connect the expansion of solids simple Musschenbroek to a power
source , the previous record initial temperature of the each metal
before connecting .
c. Note the extension of the expansion results in a temperature increase
of 10 C for 5 times on each metal ,
4. Project Method
The method carried out in this project is by conducting empirical observations
and calculating the data according to the theory that compared with the
literature.

REFFERENCES

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