Q1

Q6

water
oil
air 1 atm

40oC
(kg m-1 s-1)

4156
1770
1004

1.01E-03
0.799
1.84E-05

6.96E-04
0.21
1.93E-05

CP

(oC)

(W m-1 K-1)

(kg m-3)

20
20
20

0.597
0.145
0.0262

1001
888
1.203

Diameter

2
0.2

water
oil
air 1 atm

Re
397617
445
26152

Flow

(J kg-1K-1)

20oC
(kg m-1 s-1)

Exothermic Reaction in stirred tank

2 m

D
V
Q

2 m
6.28318
62831.8 W

m/s

12.56636 m2

U
Tr
T
Tj

150
80 C
33.33333 C
46.66667 C

Pr
7.01
9753.31
0.71

Nu
1512.1
N/A
68.4

h
4513.7

Maximum diameter if Tj is limited to 30oC

9.0

Q2
Calculate the heat transfer coefficients in the previous question using the Sieder Tate Correlation

Nu=

hL

=0 . 027 Re0 . 8 Pr 1/ 3
k
w

0 . 14

( )

In both cases assume the wall is at 40oC

Nu
h
water
1631.12
4868.9
oil
air 1 atm
81.73
10.7
Q3
If one side of an exchanger had air flowing at 2 m/s and the other water at 2 m/s which would be the controlling resistance?
1/U
0.093604
U
10.683
U is approximately equal to h for the Air. The air would be the controlling resistance
Q4
Water flowing through smooth pipe, heated by condnesing steam, assume waters resistance is controlling
1 m pipe

Smooth pipes, 2 .5 103 < Re< 105

=0 . 0396 Re0. 25
Smooth pipes, 2 .5 103 < Re< 10 y
=2. 5 ln ( Re 0 .5 ) +0 . 3
l
P f =4 u2
d
Flowrate
diameter
area
u

0.2
0.02
0.000314
0.635984

Re

1.26E+04
0.003734
302.4 Pa/m

Pr
Nu
h

7.01
95.83517
2860.7 W/m2K

hA

179.7 W/K

kg/s
m
m2
m/s

0.1
0.01
7.853975E-005
1.2719686515

kg/s
m
m2
m/s

1.26E+04
0.0037344352
2419.2 Pa/m
7.01
95.8351703746
5721.4 W/m2K
359.5 W/K

Q5 Concentric Pipe Heat Exchanger

Water
Cold Stream

(oC)

(W m-1 K-1)

(kg m-3)

20
40
100
120

0.597
0.628
0.68
0.685

1001
995
961
945

Water
Tin

20 oC

Tout

40 oC

Flow

0.11 kg/s

ID
IA

0.015 m
0.000177 m2

Cp

Re
Pr
Nu
h

998
0.62372 m/s
0.000837
4167
0.6125
11153
5.70
79.77307
3257.4 W/m2K

Pressure Drop Inside Pipe

Re

1.12E+04
0.003853427
544

Hot Stream Outer Pipe

Water
Tin
120 oC
Tout
100 oC
Flow
0.11 kg/s
ID
OD
IA
dm

0.02
0.03
0.000393
0.01

Cp

Re
Pr
Nu
h

953
0.293927 m/s
0.000212
4233
0.6825
13228
1.31
50.84908
3470.45 W/m2K

Steel Wall
k

Ao/(hiAi)

m
m
m2
m

60 W/m/K

0.000409

ln(ro/ri)/kxr 4.8E-005
1/ho

0.000288

Uo

1341.528

LMTD
Q
A
L

10000 W/m3

80 K
9167.4 W
0.085419 m2
1.36 m

Pressure Drop Outside Pipe

Re

1.32E+04
0.003692477
174

CP

(J kg-1K- (kg m-1 s1

1
)
)
4156
4178
4216
4250

1.01E-03
6.96E-04
2.82E-04
1.59E-04

Q=UA(Tr-Tj)
Q/A=U(Tr-Tj)
A=piDH
Q=10,000*pi/D^2/4*H
Q/A=10,000*D/4
D=4*Q/A/10,000
D=4*U(Tr-Tj)/10,000
Tj
Tr
T
UT
D

30
80
50
7500
3

Question 1
Estimate the heat transfer coefficient from a horizontal pipe 0.15m in diameter
with a surface temperature of 400K to air at 294K

2 L3 T g
Gr=
2
do
Tpipe
Tamb
Tmean

kg/m3
Pa.s
J/kg/K
W/mK
m/s2

2.62E+07
7.39E-01
1.94E+07

C'
n
h

0.53
0.25
6.98 W/m2K

C"
n
h

1.32
0.25
6.81 W/m2K

cP

0.15
400
294
347

Physical properties

1.018533

0.002882

2.00E-05
Cp
1100
k
0.02975
g
9.81
Gr
Pr
GrPr

Pr =

348.5 W/m
340.0 W/m

h C" T l 3 n 1
n

Question 2
Estimate the heat transfer coefficient and the rate of heating
from a flat vertical convenction heater.
Dimensions
Width
Height
Theater
Troom
Tmean

2
0.8
60
15
310.65

Physical Properties

1.1377143403

0.0032190568

1.93E-05
Cp
1100
k
0.02702375
g
9.81
Gr
Pr
GrPr

m
m
C
C

kg/m3
Pa.s
J/kg/K
W/mK
m/s2

2.53E+09
7.86E-01
1.99E+09

C'
n
h
Q

0.13
0.33
5.14 W/m2K
370.1 W

C"
n
h
Q

1.24
0.33
4.36 W/m2K
314.3 W

Question 3
Estimate the heat loss though a the gap between double glazed windows.

Dimensions
Gap (L)
Height (H)
Width
Thot
Tcold
Tmean

0.015
2
2
10
-10
273.15

Physical Properties

1.293907962

0.003660992

1.60E-05
Cp
1050
k
0.02421125
g
9.81
Gr
Pr
GrPr
Ra
500H/L

Nu
Nu
h
R
Q

m
m
m
C
C

kg/m3
Pa.s
J/kg/K
W/mK
m/s2

1.59E+04
6.94E-01
1.10E+04
1.10E+04
6.67E+04

hL
Ra
1
k
720

1.11E+00
1.80 W/m2/K
0.555850012 Km2/W
143.9 W

Question 4
If the thermal resistance of glass is 0.003
R glass
0.003
Dimensions
Gap (L)
Height (H)
Width
Troom
Thot
Tcold
Toutside
Tmean

0.015
2
2
20
19.77
-19.77
-20
273.15

Physical Properties

1.293908

0.003661

1.60E-05
Cp
1050
k
0.024211
g
9.81
Gr
Pr
GrPr
Ra
500H/L

Nu
Nu
h
R
Rglass
Rtotal
Q

m
m
m
C
C

Delta T gla 0.234771

Delta T gla 0.234771
diff
2.9E-014
Delta T air

kg/m3
Pa.s
J/kg/K
W/mK
m/s2

3.13E+04
6.94E-01
2.17E+04
2.17E+04
6.67E+04

hL
Ra L
1

k
720 H
1.23E+00
1.98 W/m2/K
0.505135 Km2/W
0.006
0.511135
313.0 W

40

Question 1

Question 2

Exothermic Reaction in stirred tank

h Jacket
h Vessel

Q
H
D
V
Q
A
U
Tr
T
Tj

10000
2
2
6.28318
62831.8
12.56636
150
80
33.33333
46.66667

W/m3
m
m
W
m2
C
C
C

Overall

2000 W/m2K
350 W/m2K
298 W/m2K

Effect of stirrer diameter

1.5
1.721719
New h Vessel
525 W/m2K
603 W/m2K
New Overall

Maximum diameter if Tj is limited to 30oC

Q=UA(Tr-Tj)
Q/A=U(Tr-Tj)
A=piDH
Q=10,000*pi/D^2/4*H
Q/A=10,000*D/4
D=4*Q/A/10,000
D=4*U(Tr-Tj)/10,000
Tj
Tr
T
UT
D

30
80
50
7500
3

416 W/m2K
463 W/m2K
40%
55%

Assu
T

dT
T
Ti
T
ln
T

Question 3

Question 4

Diameter
Height
Volume
Area

2 m
1 m
3.14159 m3
6.28318 m2

U
Ti
Tf
Tj
Density
Mass
cp

450
65
43
37
900 kg/m3
2827.431 kg

2 m
2.5 m

Impeller

0.5
150
2.5
0.6
4
4000
0.001
1000
4
90

k
cp
mu
density
Nbl
Theta

m
rpm
rev/s
W/mK
kJ/kg/K
J/kg/K
Pa.s
kg/m3

4 kJ/kg/K
4000 J/kg/K

ln term

1.540445

UA/Mcp

0.00025

Diameter
Height

6161.78 seconds
1.711606 hours
0.711606
42.69634

Nu=0 . 74 Re

7310.044

Pr

6.666667 Pr^1/3

1.882072

Nu

10180.94

dT
UA
UA
T T = Mc dt = Mc dt
j
0
p
p 0
Ti
h

T jT i UA
ln
=
t
T jT f Mc p

Pr

625000 Re^2/3

mu/muw

Re

Assume constant Jacket Temperature

T

3054.283 W/m2K

Re

1
3

Pr

0 .14

( )

Question 1
Oil
Flow
cp
Inlet T
Outlet T
Q
Water
cp
Inlet T
Outlet T
Flow

Question 2

2 kg/s
2000 J/kg/K
80 C
40 C
160000 W

Kerosene
Flow
cp
Inlet T
Outlet T
Q

Question 3

10 kg/s
2450 J/kg/K
100 C
60 C
980000 W

10 kg/s
2000 J/kg/K
90 C

Water
Flow
cp
Inlet T

20 kg/s
4200 J/kg/K
25 C

4200 J/kg/K
25 C
35 C

Water
cp
Inlet T
Outlet T

4200 J/kg/K
20 C
90 C

A
U

3.81 kg/s

Flow

3.33 kg/s

R
NTUc

TLM

27.30718 C or K

R
P
F

4
0.181818
0.85 From Figure 3.8 Hewitt

TM
U
A

23.2111
200 W/m2/K

TLM

0.571429
0.875
<0.3
From Figure 3.8 Hewitt
0.3 From Figure 3.10 Hewitt

F (3 exchanger)

0.8 From Figure 3.10 Hewitt

A of each exchanger

4.2

350 W/m2/K
161.7 m2
53.9 m3

Methanol
Shell side
Flowrate
Cp
Inlet Temp
Outlet Temp
density

k
fouling

100000
2840
95
40
750
3.40E-04
0.19
5000

Water
Tube side
Cp

kg/hr
J/kg/K
C
C
kg/m3
Pa.s
W/m/K
W/m2K

Question 4 Example 12.1 C&R vol 6

Kern's Method
Methanol
Flowrate
100000
27.78
Cp
2840
Inlet Temp
95
Outlet Temp
40
Q
4338889

Example 12.3 C&R vol 6

Methanol
Shell side
Flowrate
Cp
Inlet Temp
Outlet Temp
density

k
fouling

kg/hr
kg/s
J/kg/K
C
C
W

Water
Cp
Inlet Temp
Outlet Temp
Flowrate

4200 J/kg/K
25 C
40 C
68.87125 kg/s

TLM

30.78621

25 C

Outlet Temp

k
density
fouling

40
8.00E-04
0.59
995
3000

C
Pa.s
W/m/K
kg/m3
W/m2K

R
P or S

3.666667 3.666667
0.214286

Tcout
Thout

36.05
43.59

U
Tubes
ID

0.016 m

TLM

33.18836

OD

0.02 m

TM

29.86952

L
Cupronickel

4.88 m
50 W/m/K

600 W/m2K

TM

100000
2840
95
40
750
3.40E-04
0.19
5000

kg/hr
J/kg/K
C
C
kg/m3
Pa.s
W/m/K
W/m2K

Heat Transfer coefficient

Shell Side Pressure Drop

As
Gs
Re
Pr
jH
hoc

Cross Flow Zone

0.063653 m2
436.3952 kg/m2s
25670
5.08
5.30E-03 from fig 12.31
2210.17

jF
us
Pi

Inlet Temp
Outlet Temp

k
density
fouling

0.85 From Figure 12.19 C&R vol6

0.87 From Figure 3.8 Hewitt

4200 J/kg/K
25 C
40
8.00E-04
0.59
995
3000

C
Pa.s
W/m/K
kg/m3
W/m2K

26.16828
600 W/m2K

Number of tubes
Shell ID

918
0.894 m

276.3453 m2

Bundle Diameter

Tube Row Correction Factor

0.826 m

Leakage Correction

Hc

AL/As

0.438321

'L
F'L

0.52 From fig 12.38

0.312718

Pc

238.3665 Pa

0.2235

Height between baffle tips

0.447
Ncv
20.55172
Ncv
20
Fn
1.03 from fig 12.32

Window Zone
Window Correction factor
Ra
Aw

0.061153 m2

0.025 m
4.83 m

0.1895
Bundle cut 0.229419

uw
uz

0.605645 m/s
0.593634 m/s

A per tube

0.303478 m2

Baffle pitch

0.356 m

R'a, Ra

Nwu

8.712644

928200 mcpT

Split Ring floating head

Number or tubes

896085.6 UATM

4.83 m

910.5955

Ns/Ncv

Bundle cleara
0.068 m
Baffle spacing = Ds/5

Db

911
0.823348 m

tube to baffle clearance

baffle to shell clearance

25% baffle cut

Ds

0.891348 m

0.2
0.0008
0.0048

Hb

0.18

0.1895

Pitch 1.25 D
Tube length

Triangular pitch

Allowing for tube sheets

L

0.02 m

0.670063

Tube row vertical pitch

p't
0.02175
Baffle cut height

928200 mcpT

Tube OD

5.60E-02 from fig 12.36

0.58186 m/s
1137.566 Pa

Bypass Correction
F'b

Water
Tube side
Cp

4200 J/kg/K

Inlet Temp

From Figure 3.22

0.47
P
0.17
F
0.9

17.31234

34.46627 m2
U
A

200 m2
150

0.357143

21.64043 C or K

R
P
F (1 exchanger)
F (2 exchanger)

TM

Data for Q 4

Oil
Flow
cp
Inlet T

Nw

165.24

Nwu

165
588

Pw

Nc
Rw

0.359477

Fw
Tube side coefficient (3 different methods can be used)

Pressure Drop

Mean water Temp

X Area
Tubes per pass
Flow area
mass velocity
density
u

32.5
0.000201
455.5
0.091584
752.0039
955
0.787439

jf
P tube

hi

3985.003 W/m2/K

Re
Pr

15040.08
5.694915

Nu
h

101.3265
3736.413 W/m2/K

jh
Nu
h

0.004 From figure 12.23

106.8122
3938.7 W/m2/K

Take lowest value

3736.413 W/m2/K

0.18 from fig 12.41

8
281.0157 Pa

End Zone

1.02 from fig 12.33

Pe

1067.137 Pa

Bypass Correction
C
m2

Shell Side
Baffle Spacing
Tube pitch
As
Mass Velocity
de
Mean shell side temperature
Re
Pr
jH
Nu
h

0.0043 From figure 12.24

7949.2 Pa
7.95 kPa

m2
kg/sm2
kg/m3
m/s

m
m
mm
m2
kg/m2/s
m

67.5
36507.6
5.082105
0.0033
206.0
2756.3

Atb
b
Asb
AL
AL/As
L
FL

Dittus Boelter

hs

Gs/
jf
P shell

1.165419
0.04 From figure 12.30
277168.2 Pa
277.2 kPa

C&R suggestes reducing the baffle pitch

doubling baffle pitch decreases pressure drop by
(1/2)^22
P shell

69.3 kPa

would reduce h by (1/2)^0.8

h

0.001341
745.454 W/m2/K

0.018925 m2
2.1 rads
0.008975 m2
0.0279 m2
0.438321
0.3
0.603491

Shell side Coefficient

1583.078

Overall Coefficient
1/Uo
Uo

0.024208 m2
0.380313
0.2
0.873603

Number of Baffles
Nb
12.56742
Nb
12
Ps

Leakage Correction
Eqn 12.17 of C&R vol 6

Pressure Drop
0.17827
0.025
25
0.03178
874.0641
0.014201

Total Pressure Drop

Ab
Ab/As
Ns/Ncv
Fb

1/Uo
Uo

0.00161
620.987 W/m2/K

1224.186

from fig 12.41

Ds/lB
from fig 12.35

8128.494 Pa
8.128494 kPa

Assume fouled

Ps

2.511236
1.4 inetrpoleted from table 12.7
11.37989 kPa
Kern's predicted 69 kPa