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Stair case
Stair cases are used for the purpose of giving access to different floors of a structure.
Parts of stairs
There are two main parts namely flight and landing. Series of steps are provided in the
flight. The vertical height of the step is called the rise and the horizontal distance between
the vertical faces of risers is known as going. The horizontal distance available on the
step is called tread. The horizontal length obtained by deducting going from the tread is
called nosing. These parts can be seen in the Figure 1.
T
G
N
R
W
The different types of stairs may be classified under the following main heads:
Straight stairs
Dog legged stair
Open well or open newel stairs
Geometrical stairs such as spiral, circular, etc.
Based on type of span, following are the two types of stair cases;
Horizontally spanning or transversely spanning stairs. Figure 2
Longitudinally spanning stairs. For details refer IS: 456-2000 and SP (34).
Transversely spanning stair cases can be seen in figure 2. Here the main steel is provided
transversely and the distribution steel is in the longitudinal direction.
STEPS
STRINGER
BEAMS
STRINGER
BEAM
0.1L-0.15L
0.5 Ast
Ast
L
Figure 2. Transversely spanning stair cases
Longitudinally spanning stair cases:
Here the main steel in provided longitudinally and the distribution steel is in the
transverse direction.
Effective span
Le
Le
Le
Guide lines
Guide lines to be followed for fixing the dimensions of component parts of stair.
1. Rise (R) is 150mm to 180mm and tread (T) is 220 mm to 250 mm for a residential
building.
2. For public building rise is kept between 120 to 150 mm and tread between 250 to
300 mm
3. Sum of tread (T) and twice the rise (2R) should be between 500 mm to 650 mm
4. The width of the stair is dependent on the usage and is between 0.8 m to 1 m for
residential building and 1.8 m to 2 m for public building.
5. The width of the landing is equal to the width of stairs.
6. The number of steps in each flight should not be greater than 12
7. The pitch of the stair should not be more than 38 degrees.
8. The head room measured vertically above any step or below the mid landing shall
not be less than 2.1 m.
Design of stairs
Design for maximum bending moment and check for maximum shear force. The depth is
to be fixed from deflection criteria. Stair case slab is designed as slab. All rules regarding
the detailing are similar to that of slab. Enough development and anchorage lengths for
steel should be provided.
20 Marks
Solution:
Data: As above
Let Rise= R=160 mm and Tread= T= 250 mm
T + 2R=570 mm ok
Number of risers=H/R= 3200/160 = 20
Number of risers in each of the two flights= 20/2=10
Number of treads per flight= 10-1 =9
Going = 9 x 250 = 2250 mm
Width of landing in each flight= (4480-2250)/2= 1115 mm.
Width of stairs = 1000mm leaving a gap of 100 mm between the flights.
With this drawing can be made.
See details at the end in Figure 6
Exercise Problems:
A dog legged stair case is to be detailed with the following particulars:
Clear dimension of stair case room=5.5 m x 2.8 m
With of each tread =250 mm
With of each rise = 150 mm
Thickness of waist slab = 150 mm
Landing 1.4 m x 1.4 m
All round wall = 230 mm
Main steel for each flight = #12@120
Distribution steel for each flight = #8@ 200
Intermediate Landing is supported on 230 mm wall. The second flight rests on
rectangular beam of 230 mm x 350 mm.
6
Beam consists of 4-#16 at bottom out of which 2-#16 are curtailed up.
Two hanger bars #12 at top is also provided. Two legged stirrups #8 at 150 mm c/c up
to 750 mm from the face of supports and the spacing is increased to 200 mm c/c near
the center.
Draw to a suitable scale
The plan of stair case
Sectional elevation of first flight
Sectional elevation of second flight
Beam details
Bar bending schedule
Solution: All details are given. First draw the rough sketch and then the final drawing
and detailing. For bar bending schedule, measure the length of bars on the drawing
sheet and use it for the calculation.
December/January 2007
A dog legged stair case has to be provided for a public building with the staircase
room size 2.6 m x 5.4 m (internal). The following details are given:
Vertical distance between the floors = 3.6 m
Waist slab thickness=160mm
Wall thickness =230
Main renforcement= 12mm dia @ 120 mm c/c
Distribution steel = 8 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Grade of concrete used =M20
Grade of steel used =Fe415
Draw to a suitable scale the following
e. Plan of staircase
f. Sectional elevation of first flight
g. Prepare the bar bending schedule
20 Marks
Ld =564
FLOOR LEVEL
ROW OF CHAIRS
T= 250
R=160
REINFORCEMENT
LAP L
FROM BM
LANDING
FIRST FLIGHT
Ld =564
MAIN STEEL
# 12 @ 120
Wall
DIST. STEEL
# 8 @ 200
150
GL
FOUNDATION
500 mm
GROUND FLIGHT
500 mm
1115 mm
2250 mm
1115 mm
Le = 4710 mm
PLAN
Figure 6. Detailing for stair case when supported at the ends on landing on walls
Y=0.3 l or Ld
X = 0.15 l or Ld
DS
Y
MAIN STEEL
150
LANDING
BEAM
LANDING
BEAM
FIRST FLIGHT
INTERMEDIATE
LANDING
ROW OF
CHAIRS
150
GL
FOOTING
GROUND FLIGHT
500
150
500
Le
PLAN