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The type of cut also determines the activity of the crystal. Some
crystals vibrate at more than one frequency and thus will operate at
harmonic frequencies. Crystals which are not of uniform thickness may have
two or more resonant frequencies. Usually one resonant frequency is more
pronounced than the others. The other less pronounced resonant
frequencies are referred to as SPURIOUS frequencies. Sometimes such a
crystal oscillates at two frequencies at the same time.
The amount of current that can safely pass through a crystal ranges
from 50 to 200 milliamperes. When the rated current is exceeded, the
amplitude of mechanical vibration becomes too great, and the crystal may
crack. Overloading the crystal affects the frequency of vibration because
the power dissipation and crystal temperature increase with the amount of
load current.
Circuit Schematics
Procedure:
The circuit was set up as shown in the circuit diagram. The
4.7K resistor was connected to Collector. The emitter terminal was
connected to 5.6K resistor and on its way to the ground, which provides a
feedback path to input. Two additional resistances of 100K & 6.8K were
inserted between the base terminals to produce the voltage divider bias.
The coupling capacitors were inserted as well to ensure the maximum gain.
To measure the output & input voltages (V in & Vout) an oscilloscope was
connected across the transistor and the tank circuit, the readings were
reconfirmed using voltmeter .Finally after taking all precautions into account
I got up the readings and calculated the voltage gain (A v) and Frequency of
oscillation.