VOLTAGE REGULATOR

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

1. A pass transistor may be used in a series regulator, as the current-carrying device.

A.True
B.False

Answer: Option B
2. For an IC regulator, the input voltage must be at least 2 V above the regulated output
voltage.
A.True
B.False
Answer: Option A

3. A switching regulator can be configured as a step-up or a step-down voltage regulator.

A.True
B.False
Answer: Option A
4. IC voltage regulators are sometimes called three-terminal regulators.
A.True
B.False
Answer: Option A
5. Under no-load, a shunt regulator has minimum current through the control element.
A.True
B.False
Answer: Option B
6. In which period is the capacitor filter discharged through the load in a full-wave rectifier?
A. The time during the positive cycle
B. The time during which the diodes are not conducting
C. The time during which the diode(s) is (are) conducting
D.The time during the negative cycle
Answer: Option B

7. The 7805 regulator IC provides ________.

A. 5 V
B. 5 V
C. 12 V
D.12 V
Answer: Option A
8. What is the range of the voltage level of the LM317 adjusted voltage regulator?
A. 0 V to 5 V
B. 1.2 V to 37 V
C. 5 V to 24 V
D.5 V to 24 V

Answer: Option B
9. A voltage regulator with a no-load output dc voltage of 12 V is connected to a load with a
resistance of 10
. If the load resistance decreases to 7.5
, the load voltage will
decrease to 10.9 V. The load current will be ________, and the percent load regulation is
________.
A. 1.45 A, 90.8%
B. 1.45 A, 10.09%
C. 1.2 A, 90.8%
D.1.2 A, 10.09%
Answer: Option B
10. Refer to the given figure. Determine the output voltage, VOUT.

A. 25 V
B. 5.1 V
C. 20.2 V
D.4.1 V
Answer: Option C

11. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as

A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

B. a shunt voltage regulator.
C. a step-up switching regulator.
D.a step-down switching regulator.
Answer: Option B

12. Calculate the voltage regulation of a power supply having VNL = 50 V and VFL = 48 V.
A.4.17%

B. 5.2%

C.6.2%

D.7.1%

Answer: Option A

13. Switching regulator efficiencies can be greater than ________ percent.

A.60

B. 70

C.80

D.90

Answer: Option D

14. The 7912 regulator IC provides ________ .

A. 5 V
B. 5 V
C. 12 V
D.12 V
Answer: Option D

15. If a peak rectified voltage for the full-wave filter circuit is 40 V, calculate the filter dc
voltage if C = 75

F and load current is 40 mA.

A. 27.9 V
B. 32.12 V
C. 37.78 V
D.40 V
Answer: Option C

16. What is the typical dropout voltage for the 7812 fixed positive voltage regulator?
A. 4 mV
B. 100 mV
C. 1.5 V
D.2 V
Answer: Option D

18. What is the ratio of the period of the output voltage to the period of the input voltage in
a full-wave rectifier?
A.0

B. 0.5

C.1

D.2

Answer: Option B

19. Calculate the ripple of a filter output having a 20-V dc component and a 1.7 Vr(rms) ac
component.
A.6%
B. 8.5%
C.85%
Answer: Option B

D.58%

20. A voltage regulator has a no-load output of 18 V and a full-load output of 17.3 V. The
percent load regulation is
A.0.25%.
B. 96.1%.
C.4.05%.

D.1.04%.

Answer: Option C

21. A switching regulator that is configured as a voltage-inverter produces what type of output?
A. an ac output with opposite phase to the input ac
B. a dc output that is the negative of the dc input voltage
C. an output that is a higher voltage than the input voltage
D.an ac output from a dc input voltage
Answer: Option B
22. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is called

A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

B. a shunt voltage regulator.
C. a step-up switching regulator.
D.a step-down switching regulator.
Answer: Option D
23. In Figure 17-1(a)(see question 6), the purpose of R 1 is to
A. provide a reference voltage.
B. limit current through the diode.
C. limit voltage to the op-amp.
D.provide output voltage sampling.
Answer: Option B

24. For a full-wave rectifier with ac ripple at 120 Hz, the impedance of a capacitor can be
calculated using XC = ________.
A. 0.707 C
B. 1.414 C
C. 1.3 C
D.0.785 C
Answer: Option C

25. What is the purpose of an additional RC filter section in a power supply circuit?
A. Increase the dc voltage component
B. Increase the ac voltage component
C. Decrease the ac voltage component
D.None of the above
Answer: Option C

26. In which period is the capacitor filter charged in a full-wave rectifier?

A. The time during the positive cycle
B. The time during which the diodes are not conducting
C. The time during which the diode(s) is (are) conducting
D.The time during the negative cycle
Answer: Option C
27. In this improved series regulator circuit, which of the following components is the sampling
circu
A. Zener diode
B. Load resistor
C. Either of the two transistors Q1 or Q2
D.Resistors R1 and R2
Answer: Option D

28. The ________ regulator is less efficient than the ________ type, but offers inherent shortcircuit protection.
A.series, shunt
B. shunt, series

Answer: Option B
29. In which of the following applications is a pulsating dc voltage suitable?
A. Battery charger
B. Radio
C. Stereo system
D.Computer
Answer: Option A
30. Refer to the given figure. If the output of the circuit were to be a short circuit, what power
rating would R1 need to have?

A. 2.25 W
B. 5 W
C. 10 W
D.22.5 W

Answer: Option D
31. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as

A. a series-pass voltage regulator.

B. a shunt voltage regulator.
C. a step-up switching regulator.
D.a step-down switching regulator.

Answer: Option A

32. The purpose of the added RC section is to pass most of the dc component while

reducing as much of the ac component as possible.

A.True
B.False
Answer: Option A

33. In a series regulator, what is the purpose of fold-back limiting?

A. to provide more current in the case of a short circuit
B. to limit output voltage if input voltage goes too high
C. to bypass the pass-transistor, if the pass-transistor should fail
D.

to provide current up to a maximum, but drop current to a lower value when the
output becomes shorted, to prevent overheating of the device

Answer: Option D

33. In a series regulator, what is the purpose of fold-back limiting?

A. to provide more current in the case of a short circuit

B. to limit output voltage if input voltage goes too high
C. to bypass the pass-transistor, if the pass-transistor should fail
D.

to provide current up to a maximum, but drop current to a lower value when the
output becomes shorted, to prevent overheating of the device

Answer: Option D

34. Refer to the given figure. The purpose for the zener diode D1 is

A. to supply a reference voltage.

B. to amplify the error signal.

C. to sense the error signal.
D.to limit the input voltage to the circuit.
Answer: Option A

35. In a simple series regulator circuit, which of the following components is the
controlling element?
A. Load resistor
B. Zener diode
C. Transistor Q1
D.None of the above
Answer: Option C

37.
Calculate the dc voltage across a 2-k

load for an RC filter section (R = 50

,C

= 20
F). The dc voltage across the initial filter capacitor is Vdc = 50 V.
A.40.78 V
B. 42.78 V
C. 45.78 V
D.48.78 V
Answer: Option D

41. How many diodes conduct in the full-wave bridge rectifier while the capacitor is
being charged?
A.1
B. 2
C.3
Answer: Option B

D.4

42. Refer to the given figure. If a solder splash shorted the ends of R1 to each other,

A.the op-amp would fail.

B. Q1 would open.
C. the output voltage would not change.
D.thezener would fail.
Answer: Option D

43. Calculate the ripple of a capacitor filter for a peak rectified voltage of 40 V, a
capacitor value C = 75
A.3.2%
C.4.03%

F, and a load current of 40 mA.

B. 3.59%
D.4.59%

Answer: Option A

44. How many terminals does a 7800 series IC regulator have?

A.2
B. 3
C. 4
D.none of the above
Answer: Option B

45. What are the typical values of Vrefand Iadj for the LM317 adjustable voltage
regulator?
A.1.0 V, 100 mA
B. 1.5 V, 100 mA
C. 1.25 V, 100 A

D.1.25 V, 10 mA
Answer: Option C

46. In this op-amp series regulator circuit, which of the following components is the
comparator circuit?

A. Op-amp
B. Transistor Q1
C. R1 and R2 resistors
D.Zener diode
Answer: Option A
47. Which component(s) set(s) the voltage across the load in a basic transistor shunt
regulator?
A. Zener diode
B. Transistor base-emitter voltage
C. Both the Zener diode and the transistor base-emitter voltage
D.None of the above
Answer: Option C

48. Voltage regulation requires

A. only line regulation.
B. only load regulation.
C. a constant load.
D.load and line regulation.

Answer: Option D
49. Across which of the following components of a power supply does the average
(dc) voltage exist?
A. Diodes
B. Secondary of the transformer
C. Capacitor filter
D.None of the above
Answer: Option C
50. Switching regulators are more efficient than linear regulators and are
particularly useful in ________-voltage, ________-current applications.
A.high, high
B. low, high
C. high, low
Answer: Option B
51. For what range of load current can voltage regulators be selected for operation?
A.Hundreds of picoamperes to tens of nanoamperes
B. Hundreds of picoamperes to tens of milliamperes
C. Hundreds of milliamperes to tens of amperes
D.None of the above
Answer: Option C

52. The 7905 regulator IC provides ________.

A.5 V
B. 5 V
C. 12 V

D.12 V
Answer: Option B

53. What type of regulator offers inherent short-circuit protection?

A.shunt regulators
B. series regulators
C. three-terminal regulators
D.switching regulators
Answer: Option A

54. Refer to the given figure. The inductor and capacitor are used for

A.amplifying the error signal.

B. controlling the load current.
C. turning on the pulse-width oscillator.
D.filtering the dc pulse output.
Answer: Option D

55. Refer to the given figure. If the BE junction of Q1 opens, the output voltage VOUT
will

A.increase.
B.decrease.
C.remain the same.
Answer: Option B

56. This circuit is an example of the ac equivalent of an RC filter.

A.True
B.False
Answer: Option B

57. Refer to the given figure. If the output voltage tends to decrease due to an
increase in load current, the transistor will conduct for ________ time each
cycle.
A.a longer
B. a shorter
C. the same
Answer: Option A
58. The larger the value of the capacitor, the smaller the peak current drawn
through the rectifying diodes.

A.True

B.False

Answer: Option B
59. In a shunt linear regulator, the control element is a(n) ________ in parallel with
the load.
A.inductor
B.capacitor
C.transistor
Answer: Option C

60. For what range of fixed regulated voltages do the series 78xx regulators provide
regulation?
A.+5 V to +24 V

B. +5 V to +24 V
C. 5 V to 24 V
D.None of the above
Answer: Option B
61. In a series linear regulator, the control element is a(n) ________ in series with
the load.

A.inductor

B.capacitor

C. transistor
Answer: Option C
62. What regulated output voltage is provided for the following circuit elements: R1
= 15 k, R2 = 35 k, and VZ = 11.2 V?

A. 16.50 V
B. 17 V
C. 17.35 V
D.18.25 V
Answer: Option B

63. ________ regulation can be defined as the percentage change in the output
voltage for a given change in the input voltage.

A.Line
Answer: Option A

B.Load

64. A ________ -wave rectified signal has less ripple than a ________ -wave rectified
signal and is thus better to apply to a filter.

A.full, half
B.half, full
Answer: Option A

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 2

1. The 7812 regulator IC provides ________.

A. 5 V
B. 5 V
C. 12 V
D.12 V
Answer: Option C
3. Refer to the given figure. This circuit operates at a ________ frequency, and its
efficiency is ________.
A. low, low
B. low, high
C. high, high
D.high, low

Answer: Option C
4. Voltage regulators keep a constant ________ output voltage when the input or
load varies within limits.
A.dc
B.ac
C. ripple

Answer: Option A

5.
Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave rectifier with a 75connected to a load drawing 40 mA.
A. 1.20 V
B. 1.28 V
C. 1.32 V
D.1.41 V

F filter capacitor

Answer: Option B
6. A complete power supply has a ________.
A. rectifier
B. filter
C. voltage regulator
D.All of the above
Answer: Option D
7. If the value of the full-load voltage is the same as the no-load voltage, the
voltage regulation calculated is ________.
A.0%
B. a negative percentage
C. a positive percentage
D.None of the above

Answer: Option A
8. The ________ the voltage regulation, the ________ the operation of the
voltage supply circuit.
A.smaller, better
B. larger, better
C. smaller, worse
D.None of the above

Answer: Option A
9. In a half-wave rectifier, the dc voltage level is ________ the ripple voltage level.
A.smaller than
B. the same as
C. larger than
D.None of the above

Answer: Option A
10. The ________ the diode conduction time, the ________ the amount of the
charging current through the capacitor filter.
A. shorter, larger
B. shorter, smaller
C. longer, larger
D.None of the above

Answer: Option A
11. In a foldback configuration, limiting the current reduces ________, protecting
the load from overcurrent as well as protecting the regulator.

A. the output voltage

B. the output current
C. both the output voltage and output current
D.None of the above

Answer: Option C
12. The ripple voltage Vr is a result of the ________.
A. conduction of the diode(s)
B. transformer windings
C. charging and discharging of the capacitor
D.load resistor

Answer: Option C
13. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for the ________.
A. reference source
B. comparator amplifier
C. control device and overload protection
D.All of the above

Answer: Option D
14. A full-wave rectified signal has ________ dc component and ________ ripple

than (as) the half-wave rectified voltage.

A. a larger, more
B. a smaller, less
C. the same, less
D.a larger, less
Answer: Option D
15. The series 7900 ICs are ________.
A. positive voltage regulators
B. negative voltage regulators
C. both positive and negative voltage regulators
D.adjustable-set voltage regulators

Answer: Option B
16. The charging and discharging of the capacitor filter take ________ of the
period of the input voltage.
A.0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D.1

Answer: Option B
17. The frequency of the output voltage of a full-wave rectifier is ________ the
frequency of its input voltage.
A. the same as
B. twice
C. one-half
D.one-third

Answer: Option B
18. A type of regulator circuit that is quite popular for its efficient transfer of
power to the load is the ________.
A. current-limiting voltage regulator
B. switching regulator
C. foldback limiting regulator
D.op-amp series regulator

Answer: Option B

19. The output resulting from a rectifier is a(n) ________.

A. ac voltage
B. pure dc voltage
C. pulsating dc voltage
D.None of the above

Answer: Option C
20. In a full-wave rectifier, the dc voltage level is ________ the ripple voltage
level.
A. smaller than
B. the same as
C. larger than
D.None of the above

Answer: Option C

21.

In a full-wave rectifier, if no load were connected across the capacitor, the output voltage would ideally
be a(n) ________.

A. ac voltage
B. constant dc voltage
C. pulsating dc voltage
ramp voltage
D.
Answer: Option B
22.

The output of a loaded power supply is ________ that of the unloaded.

A. the same as
B. larger than
C. smaller than
None of the above
D.
Answer: Option C

23. The filter output voltage of a power supply ________ when load current is
drawn from the supply.
A. remains the same
B. is increased
C. is reduced
None of the above
D.
Answer: Option C
24.

The specification sheet for the 7812 fixed positive voltage regulator shows that the output voltage could
be as low as ________ or as high as ________.

A. 11.5 V, 12.5 V
B. 11.2 V, 12.2 V
C. 11 V, 13 V
D.8 V, 15 V
Answer: Option A

25. A dc voltmeter reads the ________ while measuring a pulsating dc voltage.

A.ac component of the signal
B. average of the signal
C. peak of the pulsating signal
D.None of the above
Answer: Option B
1. The ________ is (are) an adjustable voltage regulator.
A. series 7800 ICs
B. series 7900 ICs
C. LM317
D.None of the above

Answer: Option C
2. The ________ the ac variation with respect to the dc level, the ________
the filter circuit's operation.

A. smaller, better
B. larger, better

C. smaller, worse
D.None of the above

Answer: Option A
3. In a current-limiting circuit, ________ provide(s) the limiting of the
maximum load current.
A. the Zener diode
B. the short-circuit resistor Rsc
C. the transistor Q1
D.both the short-circuit resistor Rsc and transistor Q2

Answer: Option D
4. IC units provide regulation of ________.
A. a fixed positive voltage
B. a fixed negative voltage
C. an adjustably set voltage
D.All of the above

Answer: Option D
5. The ________ values of capacitor filter provide ________ ripple and
________ average voltage.
A. larger, more, higher
B. smaller, less, lower
C. smaller, more, higher
D.larger, less, higher

Answer: Option D
6. A basic voltage regulator consists largely of a reference source, an error
detector, and a control device.
A.True
B.False

Answer: Option A
7. Switching regulators are not very efficient.
A.True
B.False

Answer: Option B
8. Load regulation is the percentage change in line voltage for a change in
load voltage.
A.True
B.False
Answer: Option B

9. A three-terminal regulator can be used with an external pass transistor

to increase the total load current available.
A.True
B.False

Answer: Option A
10. Line regulation is the percentage change in output voltage for a given
change in input line current.
A.True
B.False

Answer: Option B